EP2325569B1 - Hot water supply apparatus - Google Patents
Hot water supply apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2325569B1 EP2325569B1 EP10187447.7A EP10187447A EP2325569B1 EP 2325569 B1 EP2325569 B1 EP 2325569B1 EP 10187447 A EP10187447 A EP 10187447A EP 2325569 B1 EP2325569 B1 EP 2325569B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hot water
- pipe
- heat exchanger
- water tank
- water supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 369
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
- F28D1/0213—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid for heating or cooling a liquid in a tank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0472—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being helically or spirally coiled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being spirally coiled
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
- F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
- F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
- F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
- F28D7/028—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of at least one medium being helically coiled, the coils having a conical configuration
Definitions
- the hot water tank 1 Before water is boiled, the hot water tank 1 is filled with low temperature water. If operation is started, water in the hot water tank 1 is sent to the heat pump unit 2 through the first pipe 7, heated high temperature hot water is returned to the hot water tank 1 through the second pipe 8. According to this configuration, high temperature hot water is stored in the hot water tank 1.
Description
- The present invention relates to a hot water supply apparatus which stores boiling water in a hot water tank and supplies the boiling water, or utilizes potential heat thereof.
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Fig. 14 shows a conventional hot water supply apparatus of this kind (seepatent document 1 for example). -
Fig. 14 shows the conventional hot water supply apparatus described in thepatent document 1. As shown inFig. 14 , this hot water supply apparatus includes ahot water tank 1 and apipe 2 provided in thehot water tank 1 as a heat exchanger. The hot water supply apparatus circulates water in abathtub 10 toward thepipe 2, and reheats the water in thebathtub 10. - [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No.
2003-214711 - According to the conventional configuration in which the
pipe 2 is used as the heat exchanger, however, when water from thebathtub 10 is circulated toward thepipe 2, a temperature of the hot water in the hot water tank around thepipe 2 is lowered and downward stream of water is inFig. 15 , this stream of water is gradually accelerated along the pipe 2 (lengths of arrows show flow velocities), and the accelerated downward stream of water flows downward in thehot water tank 1. - According to the hot water supply apparatus of this kind, hot water is stored while forming thermal stratification,
hot water 3 andwater 4 come into contact with each other in thehot water tank 1 in a course of utilization of hot water, and a layer 5 (mixedlayer 5, hereinafter) in which their temperatures become a medium temperature, but the downward stream of water reaches themixed layer 5 and exerts a stirring effect. - Thereupon, the mixed
layer 5 becomes large, the temperature of the stored hot water is lowered more than necessary and therefore, an amount of usable hot water is reduced. At the same time, a temperature water at a lower portion of themixed layer 5 increases. Hence, when the water is heated next time, water having a higher temperature must be heated. When a heat pump is used as heating means 6, since the heat pump has a characteristic that if a water temperature is high, the operation efficiency is deteriorated, there is a problem that this characteristic obstructs the efficient operation. - The heat exchanger in which a pipe is disposed in a height direction in the
hot water tank 1 like thepipe 2, there is a problem that the amount of usable hot water is reduced due to the increase of the mixedlayer 5, and the efficiency when boiling water by the heat exchanger is deteriorated. -
JP 2003-279150 A claim 1 and addresses the problem of being difficult to simultaneously supply high temperature hot water to a plurality of load devices in a hot water supply device using a laminated boiling-up type hot water storage tank. Water is supplied to the hot water storage tank via a water supply port. The supplied water is sent to a heating means by a pump from an inlet water port, and is heated to a constant temperature, and is then supplied from a hot water appearing port of the hot water storage tank via a hot water supply passage. Water circulating passages are arranged in the hot water storage tank for circulating the hot water in the hot water storage tank via the load devices, and the water returning to the hot water storage tank from the respective load devices is exchanged in heat with the high temperature hot water in the hot water storage tank by heat exchangers arranged in an upper part of the hot water storage tank. The respective heat exchangers are arranged in layers inward from the outside in the almost same height position of the upper part of the hot water storage tank. - The present invention is for solving the conventional problem, and it is an object of the invention to provide a hot water supply apparatus having enhanced heating efficiency.
- To solve the conventional problem, a hot water supply apparatus of the present invention is provided as defined in
claim 1. It is possible to suppress downward stream of water generated in the hot water tank to a minimum level, and to suppress a stirring effect of a mixing layer. - According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a hot water supply apparatus having enhanced heating efficiency.
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Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a hot water supply apparatus according to an example not falling within the wording ofclaim 1. -
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a heat exchanger; -
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a temperature distribution in a hot water tank; -
Fig. 4 shows a flow velocity in the vicinity of the heat exchanger; -
Figs. 5 are plan views of heat exchangers having different shapes; -
Fig. 6 is a plan view of a heat exchanger having another shape; -
Fig. 7 is a plan view of a heat exchanger having another shape; -
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a hot water supply apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention; -
Fig. 9 is a plan view of a heat exchanger; -
Fig. 10 is a diagram showing a temperature distribution in a hot water tank; -
Fig. 11 shows a flow velocity in the vicinity of the heat exchanger; -
Fig. 12 is a plan view of a heat exchanger having another shape; -
Fig. 13 is a plan view of a heat exchanger having another shape; -
Fig. 14 is a block diagram of a conventional hot water supply apparatus; and -
Fig. 15 is a diagram showing a flow velocity in the vicinity of the heat exchanger. - According to an example useful for understanding the invention, there is provided a hot water supply apparatus comprising a hot water tank, and a heat exchanger which is formed with a pipe in the hot water tank and exchanges between heat of hot water in the hot water tank and heat of water flowing through the pipe, wherein the pipe is disposed in the hot water tank substantially in a form of a horizontal plane. The downward stream of water generated around the pipe of a heat exchanger provided in the hot water tank is suppressed to a minimum level, a stirring effect in the hot water tank is suppressed, and it is possible to prevent the reduction in the usable hot water amount caused by increase of the mixed layer. Therefore, there is an effect that it is possible to realize excellent usability and high energy saving performance.
- The invention provides a hot water supply apparatus comprising a hot water tank, heating means which heats water in the hot water tank, a first pipe connected to a lower portion of the hot water tank sends the water to the heating means, a second pipe connected to an upper portion of the hot water tank returns the water heated by the heating means to the upper portion of the hot water tank, a hot water supply pipe connected to the upper portion of the hot water tank takes out the hot water from the upper portion of the hot water tank, and a water supply pipe connected to the lower portion of the hot water tank for enabling water to flow into the lower portion of the hot water tank, a heat exchanger which is formed with a pipe for the heat exchanger in the hot water tank increases temperature of the water flowing through the pipe for the heat exchanger by exchanging between heat of hot water in the hot water tank and heat of water flowing through the pipe for the heat exchanger wherein the pipe for the heat exchanger is formed spirally as a single path; wherein an outer end of the pipe for the heat exchanger disposed in the form of a mortar in the heat exchanger is connected to the first connecting tool, and an inner end of the pipe for the heat exchanger is connected to the second connecting tool, a bathtub, a third pipe for sending water in the bathtub to the heat exchanger, a fourth pipe for returning the hot water after it is heat-exchanged from the heat exchanger to the bathtub, a first connecting tool for connecting the heat exchanger to the third pipe, and a second connecting tool for connecting the heat exchanger to the fourth pipe, wherein the upper portion of the hot water tank is formed substantially in a semicircle spherical shape, a heat pump cycle which is operated with a pressure over a critical pressure is used as the heating means, wherein hot water accumulated in the upper portion of the hot water tank is taken out from the hot water supply pipe and is used as hot water supply, and an amount of water corresponding to the hot water taken out from the hot water supply pipe is filled into the lower portion of the hot water tank from the water supply pipe, the pipe for the heat exchanger is disposed in the upper portion of the hot water tank wherein adjacent lines of the pipe are located such that an inner line is higher than an outer line in the form of a mortar whose opening area is increased downwardly, and wherein water is provided from the bathtub to the heat exchanger through the third pipe and the water is provided from the outer line into the inner line and the water is returned to the bathtub through the fourth pipe. The downward stream of water generated around the pipe of the heat exchanger provided in the hot water tank is suppressed to a minimum level, a stirring effect in the hot water tank is suppressed, and it is possible to prevent the reduction in the usable hot water amount caused by increase of the mixed layer. Therefore, there is an effect that it is possible to realize excellent usability and high energy saving performance.
- The pipe of the heat exchanger is spirally wound. There is an effect that the pipe can easily be accommodated in a cylindrical shape that is a shape of a general hot water tank.
- According to an embodiment of the invention, the pipe of the heat exchanger of the first invention has a plurality of straight portions and a plurality of curved portions. There is an effect that a pipe can freely be formed in accordance with a shape of the hot water tank.
- The pipe of the heat exchanger has a single path. There is an effect that it is possible to realize a simple configuration, and realize high reliability with small leakage.
- According to an example not falling within the scope of the invention, the pipe of the heat exchanger is divided into a plurality of pipes near an inlet of water in the hot water tank, and the pipes are connected to each other near an outlet of water. There is an effect that it is possible to appropriately design a necessary length of the pipe, a pressure loss and a thermal transmission rate.
- According to the invention, the hot water supply apparatus further comprises heating means for heating water in the hot water tank, wherein a heat pump cycle is used as the heating means. Energy utilizing efficiency is enhanced, and it is possible to realize a hot water supply apparatus having excellent energy saving performance.
- According to the invention, the heat pump cycle is a supercritical refrigerant circuit, and water is heated by a refrigerant whose pressure is increased more than a critical pressure. Since the boiling temperature can be increased, a usable heat amount is increased, and hot water shortage preventing performance can be enhanced.
- Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The invention is not limited to the embodiments.
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Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a hot water supply apparatus according to an example not falling within the wording ofclaim 1. - In
Fig. 1 , the hot water supply apparatus includes ahot water tank 1, aheat pump unit 6 as heating means which heats water in thehot water tank 1, and afirst pipe 7 connected to a lower portion of thehot water tank 1. Water before it is heated is sent to theheat pump unit 6 through thefirst pipe 7. The hot water supply apparatus also includes asecond pipe 8 connected to an upper portion of thehot water tank 1. Water after it is heated is returned to thehot water tank 1 from theheat pump unit 6 through thesecond pipe 8. The hot water supply apparatus also includes a reheatingheat exchanger 9 provided at an upper portion in thehot water tank 1, abathtub 10, athird pipe 11 for sending water in thebathtub 10 to theheat exchanger 9, and afourth pipe 12. Hot water after it is heat-exchanged is returned from theheat exchanger 9 to thebathtub 10 through thefourth pipe 12. The hot water supply apparatus also includes ahot water tap 13, a hotwater supply pipe 16 connected an upper portion of thehot water tank 1 for supplying hot water to thehot water tap 13, and awater supply pipe 14 connected to a lower portion of thehot water tank 1. Thewater supply pipe 14 is connected to the hotwater supply pipe 16 through a mixingvalve 15. - A first connecting
tool 17 and a second connectingtool 18 are provided in thehot water tank 1 for connecting theheat exchanger 9 to thethird pipe 11 and thefourth pipe 12. -
Fig. 2 is a plan view of theheat exchanger 9 in thehot water tank 1. A body of theheat exchanger 9 is formed with apipe 9a which is a stainless steel pipe. An outer end of thepipe 9a is connected to thethird pipe 11 through the first connectingtool 17, and an inner end of thepipe 9a is connected to thefourth pipe 12 through the second connecting tool 18 (shown inFig. 1 ) provided on the upper portion of thehot water tank 1. - Action and effect of the hot water supply apparatus having the above-described configuration will be described below.
- Before water is boiled, the
hot water tank 1 is filled with low temperature water. If operation is started, water in thehot water tank 1 is sent to theheat pump unit 2 through thefirst pipe 7, heated high temperature hot water is returned to thehot water tank 1 through thesecond pipe 8. According to this configuration, high temperature hot water is stored in thehot water tank 1. - When hot water is supplied after it is boiled, high temperature hot water in the
hot water tank 1 is sent through the hotwater supply pipe 16, this high temperature hot water and water sent through thewater supply pipe 14 are mixed by the mixingvalve 15, temperature thereof is adjusted to a set temperature, and the hot water is supplied from thehot water tap 13. Water of the amount corresponding to the supplied hot water flows from a lower portion of thehot water tank 1 through thewater supply pipe 14. - When water in the bathtub is to be heated, water in the
bathtub 10 is sent to theheat exchanger 9 through thethird pipe 11, the water is circulated in thehot water tank 1 through thepipe 9a of theheat exchanger 9, the water is exchanged heat with hot water in thehot water tank 1, water whose temperature increases is returned to thebathtub 10 through thefourth pipe 12. - According to the above-described action, high temperature
hot water 3 stays abovelow temperature water 4 in thehot water tank 1 while it is used, and amixed layer 5 having medium temperature exists between thehot water 3 and thewater 4 due to heat conductivity and convection. -
Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining a difference in usable hot water amount caused by size of themixed layer 5. A lateral axis shows temperature and a vertical axis shows a temperature distribution of hot water in thehot water tank 1 wherein the vertical axis corresponds to a height of thehot water tank 1. Areference number 19 represents a temperature distribution of a state where amixed layer 5a is small, and areference number 20 represents a temperature distribution of a state where amixed layer 5b is large. - When temperature ts is a lower limit of a temperature of usable hot water, if a difference in amount of usable heat is expressed schematically, the difference corresponds to a
region 21, and as themixed layer 5 becomes larger, shortage of hot water occurs more frequently, the amount of usable heat is small, and energy saving performance is low. - If lower portions of the
mixed layers mixed layer 5b is high in many cases, and this means that water of higher temperature enters theheat pump unit 6 when boiling next time. Efficiency of theheat pump unit 6 becomes worse as the water temperature before boiling is higher, and if themixed layer 5 is large also at the time of boiling, the energy saving performance is deteriorated. -
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of theheat exchanger 9 in thehot water tank 1. Since lines of thepipe 9a which is a stainless steel pipe constituting theheat exchanger 9 are lined up horizontally, downward stream of water generated around thepipe 9 is less prone to exert an effect on each other, and the stream of water flows downward in thehot water tank 1 while keeping the low flow velocity. Therefore, the effect exerted on themixed layer 5 is suppressed to a minimum level. - By suppressing the downward stream of water generated around the
pipe 9a ofheat exchanger 9 provided in thehot water tank 1 to the minimum level, a stirring effect in thehot water tank 1 is suppressed, and it is possible to prevent the reduction in the usable hot water amount caused by increase of themixed layer 5, and reduction in boiling efficiency in theheat pump unit 2 can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to realize excellent usability and high energy saving performance. - The
heat exchanger 9 is spirally wound substantially in a circle shape. This configuration has a merit that it is easy to secure a length of the pipe when thehot water tank 1 is cylindrical in shape. - Although water in the
heat exchanger 9 flows from the outside toward the inside of thepipe 9a, the same effect can be obtained even if the water flows reversely, i.e., from the inside toward the outside while setting an inlet on the side of the second connectingtool 18 and setting an outlet on the side of the first connectingtool 17. - In a refrigeration cycle of the
heat pump unit 6, it is preferable that carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant and theheat pump unit 6 is operated under pressure exceeding critical pressure. Since the boiling temperature can be increased by using the carbon dioxide as the refrigerant, it is possible to freely control the hot water temperature in thehot water tank 1. -
Figs. 5 are plan views of theheat exchanger 9 in which the shape of thepipe 9a which is the stainless steel pipe of theheat exchanger 9 has a combination of straight portions and curved portions. According to this configuration, when the shape of thehot water tank 1 is different, theheat exchanger 9 can be disposed while utilizing a space efficiently. -
Fig. 5 (a) is the plan view of theheat exchanger 9 in which the straight portions are lined in parallel to each other, andFig. 5(b) is the plan view of theheat exchanger 9 in which the curved portions have 180° or greater so that the pipe length can be increased. - In
Fig. 6 , theheat exchanger 9 is formed substantially into a rectangular shape, When thehot water tank 1 has a square shape, the space can be utilized efficiently. - In
Fig. 7 , afirst branch portion 22 is provided in the vicinity of an inlet of water flowing in theheat exchanger 9 in thehot water tank 1, and asecond branch portion 23 is provided in the vicinity of an outlet of water. According to this configuration, thepipe 9a of theheat exchanger 9 can be divided into two, and it is possible to appropriately design a relation between a length of the pipe, a pressure loss and a thermal transmission rate. -
Fig. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a hot water supply apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. - In
Fig. 8 , the hot water supply apparatus includes ahot water tank 1, aheat pump unit 6 as heating means which heats water in thehot water tank 1, and afirst pipe 7 connected to a lower portion of thehot water tank 1. Water before it is heated is sent to theheat pump unit 6 through thefirst pipe 7. The hot water supply apparatus also includes asecond pipe 8 connected to an upper portion of thehot water tank 1. Water after it is heated is returned to thehot water tank 1 from theheat pump unit 6 through thesecond pipe 8. The hot water supply apparatus also includes a reheatingheat exchanger 9 provided at an upper portion in thehot water tank 1, abathtub 10, athird pipe 11 for sending water in thebathtub 10 to theheat exchanger 9, and afourth pipe 12. Hot water after it is heat-exchanged is returned from theheat exchanger 9 to thebathtub 10 through thefourth pipe 12. The hot water supply apparatus also includes ahot water tap 13, a hotwater supply pipe 16 connected an upper portion of thehot water tank 1 for supplying hot water to thehot water tap 13, and awater supply pipe 14 connected to a lower portion of thehot water tank 1. Thewater supply pipe 14 is connected to the hotwater supply pipe 16 through a mixingvalve 15. - A first connecting
tool 17 and a second connectingtool 18 are provided in thehot water tank 1 for connecting theheat exchanger 9 to thethird pipe 11 and thefourth pipe 12. -
Fig. 9 is a plan view of theheat exchanger 9 in thehot water tank 1. A body of theheat exchanger 9 is formed with apipe 9a which is a stainless steel pipe. An outer end of thepipe 9a is connected to thethird pipe 11 through the first connectingtool 17, and an inner end of thepipe 9a is connected to thefourth pipe 12 through the second connecting tool 18 (shown inFig. 8 ) provided on the upper portion of thehot water tank 1. - A line of the
pipe 9a located on the outermost side maintains substantially a constant distance from an inner surface of thehot water tank 1, a line of thepipe 9a located on an inner side is located without a distance along a line of thepipe 9a located on an outer side, adjacent lines of thepipe 9a are located such that an inner line is higher than an outer line, i.e., thepipe 9a is disposed substantially in a form of mortar whose opening area is increased toward a lower portion of thehot water tank 1. - Action and effect of the hot water supply apparatus having the above-described configuration will be described below.
- Before water is boiled, the
hot water tank 1 is filled with low temperature water. If operation is started, water in thehot water tank 1 is sent to theheat pump unit 2 through thefirst pipe 7, heated high temperature hot water is returned to thehot water tank 1 through thesecond pipe 8. According to this configuration, high temperature hot water is stored in thehot water tank 1. - When hot water is supplied after it is boiled, high temperature hot water in the
hot water tank 1 is sent through the hotwater supply pipe 16, this high temperature hot water and water send through thewater supply pipe 14 are mixed by the mixingvalve 15, temperature thereof is adjusted to a set temperature, and the hot water is supplied from thehot water tap 13. Water of the amount corresponding to the supplied hot water flows from a lower portion of thehot water tank 1 through thewater supply pipe 14. - When water in the bathtub is to be heated, water in the
bathtub 10 is sent to theheat exchanger 9 through thethird pipe 11, the water is circulated in thehot water tank 1 through thepipe 9a of theheat exchanger 9, the water is exchanged heat with hot water in thehot water tank 1, water whose temperature increases is returned to thebathtub 10 through thefourth pipe 12. - According to the above-described action, high temperature
hot water 3 stays abovelow temperature water 4 in thehot water tank 1 while it is used, and amixed layer 5 having medium temperature exists between thehot water 3 and thewater 4 due to heat conductivity and convection. -
Fig. 10 is a diagram for explaining a difference in usable hot water amount caused by size of themixed layer 5. A lateral axis shows temperature and a vertical axis shows a temperature distribution of hot water in thehot water tank 1 wherein the vertical axis corresponds to a height of thehot water tank 1. Areference number 19 represents a temperature distribution of a state where amixed layer 5a is small, and areference number 20 represents a temperature distribution of a state where amixed layer 5b is large. - When temperature ts is a lower limit of a temperature of usable hot water, if a difference in amount of usable heat is expressed schematically, the difference corresponds to a
region 21, and as themixed layer 5 becomes larger, shortage of hot water occurs more frequently, the amount of usable heat is small, and energy saving performance is low. - If lower portions of the
mixed layers mixed layer 5b is high in many cases, and this means that water of higher temperature enters theheat pump unit 6 when boiling next time. Efficiency of theheat pump unit 6 becomes worse as the water temperature before boiling is higher, and if themixed layer 5 is large also at the time of boiling, the energy saving performance is deteriorated. -
Fig. 11 is a sectional view of theheat exchanger 9 in thehot water tank 1. Since lines of thepipe 9a which is a stainless steel pipe constituting theheat exchanger 9 are arranged such the lines becomes lower toward the outer side in thehot water tank 1, water generated on the upper side of thepipe 9a reaches the inner surface of thehot water tank 1 while gradually accelerating, and flows downward along the inner surface in this state. - Since this water flows on the outermost side of the
hot water tank 1, a mixing amount with high temperature hot water remaining on themixed layer 5 is small, and this water reaches themixed layer 5. Even if the water reaches themixed layer 5, since the stirring operation occurs around the peripheral edge, an effect for enlarging themixed layer 5 is relatively small. - On the other hand, downward stream of water on the lower side of the
pipe 9 substantially uniformly flows downward at low flow velocity. This stream of water is less prone to exert an effect on each other, the stream of water flows downward in thehot water tank 1 while keeping the low flow velocity, and an effect exerted on themixed layer 5 is small. - By suppressing the downward stream of water generated around the
pipe 9a ofheat exchanger 9 provided in thehot water tank 1 to the minimum level, a stirring effect in thehot water tank 1 is suppressed, and it is possible to prevent the reduction in the usable hot water amount caused by increase of themixed layer 5 can be prevented, and reduction in boiling efficiency in theheat pump unit 2 can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to realize excellent usability and high energy saving performance. - The
heat exchanger 9 is spirally wound substantially in a circle shape. This configuration has a merit that theheat exchanger 9 can easily suit the shape of thehot water tank 1, and it is easy to secure a length of the pipe when thehot water tank 1 is cylindrical in shape. - Although water in the
heat exchanger 9 flows from the outside toward the inside of thepipe 9a, the same effect can be obtained even if the water flows reversely, i.e., from the inside toward the outside while setting an inlet on the side of the second connectingtool 18 and setting an outlet on the side of the first connectingtool 17. - In a refrigeration cycle of the
heat pump unit 6, it is preferable that carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant and theheat pump unit 6 is operated under pressure exceeding critical pressure. Since the boiling temperature can be increased by using the carbon dioxide as the refrigerant, it is possible to freely control the hot water temperature in thehot water tank 1. -
Fig. 12 shows a substantiallyrectangular heat exchanger 9 in which thepipe 9a includes straight portions and curved portions, and theheat exchanger 9 of this case can be applied to a rectangularhot water tank 1. - In
Fig. 13 , afirst branch portion 22 is provided in the vicinity of an inlet of water flowing in theheat exchanger 9 in thehot water tank 1, and asecond branch portion 23 is provided in the vicinity of an outlet. According to this configuration, the pipe of theheat exchanger 9 can be divided into two, and it is possible to appropriately design a relation between a length of the pipe, a pressure loss and a thermal transmission rate. - As described above, according to the hot water supply apparatus of the present invention, the reduction in the usable hot water amount is suppressed to the minimum level when heat of hot water in the hot water tank is utilized. Therefore, the hot water supply apparatus can be applied to a domestic hot water supply apparatus and also to a large scale use such as commercial use in a system having a heat source and a hot water tank, and it is possible to provide excellent energy saving performance.
Claims (2)
- A hot water supply apparatus comprising:a hot water tank (1),heating means (6) which heats water in the hot water tank (1),a first pipe (7) connected to a lower portion of the hot water tank (1) and arranged to send the water to the heating means (6),a second pipe (8) connected to an upper portion of the hot water tank (1) and arranged to return the water heated by the heating means (6) to the upper portion of the hot water tank (1),a hot water supply pipe (16) connected to the upper portion of the hot water tank (1) and arranged to take out the hot water from the upper portion of the hot water tank (1), anda water supply pipe (14) connected to the lower portion of the hot water tank (1) and arranged for enabling water to flow into the lower portion of the hot water tank (1);a heat exchanger (9) which is formed with a pipe (9a) for the heat exchanger (9) in the hot water tank (1) and arranged for increasing the temperature of the water flowing through the pipe (9a) for the heat exchanger (9) by exchanging heat between hot water in the hot water tank (1) and water flowing through the pipe (9a) for the heat exchanger (9) wherein the pipe (9a) for the heat exchanger (9) is formed spirally as a single path; wherein an outer end of the pipe (9a) for the heat exchanger (9) disposed in the form of a mortar in the heat exchanger (9) is connected to a first connecting tool (17), and an inner end of the pipe (9a) for the heat exchanger (9) is connected to a second connecting tool (18),a bathtub (10),a third pipe (11) arranged for sending water in the bathtub (10) to the heat exchanger (9),a fourth pipe (12) arranged for returning the hot water after it is heat-exchanged from the heat exchanger (9) to the bathtub (10),the first connecting tool (17) arranged for connecting the heat exchanger (9) to the third pipe (11), andthe second connecting tool (18) arranged for connecting the heat exchanger (9) to the fourth pipe (12),characterized in thatthe upper portion of the hot water tank (1) is formed substantially in a semicircle spherical shape,a heat pump cycle which is operated with a pressure over a critical pressure is used as the heating means (6), wherein, in use, hot water accumulated in the upper portion of the hot water tank (1) is taken out from the hot water supply pipe (16) and is used as hot water supply, and an amount of water corresponding to the hot water taken out from the hot water supply pipe (16) is filled into the lower portion of the hot water tank (1) from the water supply pipe (14), andthe pipe (9a) for the heat exchanger (9) is disposed in the upper portion of the hot water tank (1) wherein adjacent lines of the pipe (9a) are located such that an inner line (9a) is higher than an outer line (9a) in the form of a mortar whose opening area is increased downwardly, andwherein, in use, water is provided from the bathtub (10) to the heat exchanger (9) through the third pipe (11) and the water is provided from the outer line (9a) into the inner line (9a) and the water is returned to the bathtub (10) through the fourth pipe (12).
- The hot water supply apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pipe (9a) of the heat exchanger (9) has a plurality of straight portions and a plurality of curved portions.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009236955A JP2011085287A (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Water heater |
JP2009238070A JP5387320B2 (en) | 2009-10-15 | 2009-10-15 | Water heater |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2325569A2 EP2325569A2 (en) | 2011-05-25 |
EP2325569A3 EP2325569A3 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
EP2325569B1 true EP2325569B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP10187447.7A Active EP2325569B1 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2010-10-13 | Hot water supply apparatus |
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EP (1) | EP2325569B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102042679B (en) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19703722A1 (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1998-07-23 | Zenit Energietechnik Gmbh | Pressureless hot water accumulator |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS59173686A (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1984-10-01 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Heat exchanger for hot water storage tank |
DE10060259C1 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-04-18 | Heinz Krokowski | Buffer store, to hold and distribute energy in a static heating system, has heat sinks with separating guide plates and an additional heat exchanger to give an optimal fluid layering without extra pumps |
JP2002221358A (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-08-09 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Solar hot-water supplier |
US6601773B2 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2003-08-05 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Heat pump type hot water supply apparatus |
JP3913559B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2007-05-09 | 株式会社コロナ | Hot water storage tank with indirect heat exchanger, manufacturing method thereof, hot water storage hot water bath apparatus and hot water storage hot water heater using the same |
JP2003279150A (en) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Hot water supply device |
DE202004001917U1 (en) * | 2004-02-09 | 2004-05-19 | Mitterer, Johann | Large-scale heat storage and heat exchanger unit for domestic or industrial purposes has a base with a groove |
DE202004003055U1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2004-07-01 | Consolar Energiespeicher- Und Regelungssysteme Gmbh | Siphon-operated hot water storage tank and heat exchanger has internal cavity funnel resting on disc with L-shaped rim |
JP3945492B2 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2007-07-18 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Heat exchange device and heat pump water heater using the same |
CN201032270Y (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2008-03-05 | 张建英 | Air source water heater |
EP2065666A1 (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2009-06-03 | Marani G. S.R.L. | Boiler particularly for solar panels systems |
CN201170657Y (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2008-12-24 | 杭州锦江百浪新能源有限公司 | Capacity stepless regulation air source water heater |
-
2010
- 2010-10-13 EP EP10187447.7A patent/EP2325569B1/en active Active
- 2010-10-13 CN CN201010539464.1A patent/CN102042679B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19703722A1 (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1998-07-23 | Zenit Energietechnik Gmbh | Pressureless hot water accumulator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2325569A3 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
EP2325569A2 (en) | 2011-05-25 |
CN102042679B (en) | 2014-11-12 |
CN102042679A (en) | 2011-05-04 |
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