EP2324321A1 - Dispositif et procédé de dispersion de substances irritantes ou d'agents de combat chimiques - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de dispersion de substances irritantes ou d'agents de combat chimiques

Info

Publication number
EP2324321A1
EP2324321A1 EP09778318A EP09778318A EP2324321A1 EP 2324321 A1 EP2324321 A1 EP 2324321A1 EP 09778318 A EP09778318 A EP 09778318A EP 09778318 A EP09778318 A EP 09778318A EP 2324321 A1 EP2324321 A1 EP 2324321A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
interior
pressure
space
solution gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09778318A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Dräger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schubert Hans-Joachim
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2324321A1 publication Critical patent/EP2324321A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/04—Gas-blowing apparatus, e.g. for tear gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
    • F41H9/10—Hand-held or body-worn self-defence devices using repellant gases or chemicals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/50—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances by dispersion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for distributing irritants or warfare agents.
  • DE 10 2006 016 286 A1 discloses a system for ultrafine distribution and delivery of irritants or warfare agents.
  • a stimulant or warfare agent is dissolved or emulsified in a pressure-liquefied gas, which is transported in its liquid state of aggregation up to the outlet nozzles of the system and discharged in the form of a liquid jet.
  • the crystal structure is dissolved and the molecules are distributed between the solution gas molecules.
  • the liquid solution gas goes into the gaseous state. This is prevented on the way of the solution gas up to the outlet nozzles of the plant. When exiting the outlet nozzles, the gas then evaporates abruptly. The energy required for the evaporation removes the liquid solution gas of the ambient air.
  • the stimulants or warfare agents mixed with it are forcibly torn apart with the elimination or prevention of the surface tensions or crystal structures together with the molecules of the gas. The expansion of the solution gas thus achieves a very fine distribution of irritants or warfare agents below the droplet size or crystal formation in the ambient air.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device and a method for distributing irritants or warfare agents that cause a fine distribution of stimulants or warfare agents and also allow a simple and compact design, a quick discharge of irritants or warfare agents.
  • the device according to the invention for distributing irritants or warfare agents contains a container with an interior for providing a stimulant or warfare agent which is dissolved in a solution gas which is in the gaseous state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure or ambient pressure, or dissolved in the liquid state is emulsified.
  • the container has at least one predetermined breaking point, which generates an opening of the interior to the environment of the container at a predetermined bursting pressure in the interior.
  • the device has a pressure generating device which can generate an increased pressure in the interior of the container which is greater than the bursting pressure of the at least one predetermined breaking point.
  • This device is characterized by a very simple and compact design. In particular, no special reservoir, piping and outlet nozzles as in the conventional system described above are required. Due to the increase in pressure in the interior of the container, the at least one predetermined breaking point is brought to burst, so that a predefined opening of the interior to the environment of the container is generated very quickly. At the moment of If the at least one predetermined breaking point bursts, the maximum release quantity of the solution gas mixture is immediately released in fractions of seconds. The prepared in the interior of the container solution or emulsion of irritants or warfare agents is abruptly discharged from the resulting opening when bursting the breaking point. In this case, the solution gas evaporates and expands abruptly and causes in a similar manner as in the conventional system of DE 10 2006 016 286 A1 a large discharge and a finest distribution of irritants or warfare agents in the ambient air.
  • the simple and compact design simplifies production and lowers production costs.
  • the assembly of the device is very simple. Due to the lack of a piping system, the discharge times of the stimulants or warfare agents are greatly reduced. This shortening of the delivery time increases the efficiency of the stimulants or warfare agents, since the desired irritant concentration in the ambient air is built up immediately. Thus, with the device according to the invention can be responded very quickly and effectively to a threat.
  • the device is also very robust and contains no sensitive or complicated components and is therefore less susceptible to interference than conventional systems.
  • the predetermined breaking point is compared to a valve or a discharge nozzle relatively simple and at the same time constructed reliable.
  • the pressure increase in the interior of the container which leads to bursting of at least one predetermined breaking point, is simultaneously used by increasing the pressure of the solution gas above its evaporation pressure to achieve greater throw ranges for the stimulants or warfare agents.
  • the device of the invention contains no valves or the like.
  • the container of the device is completely and securely closed; only at one - A -
  • Operation of the device is generated at the at least one predetermined breaking point an opening through which the solution gas can escape with the irritants or warfare agents. An unwanted leakage of stimulants or warfare agents and also of the solution gas from the container is thus reliably prevented.
  • a "predetermined breaking point” releases an opening of a predetermined size by material deformation and / or destruction.
  • the predetermined breaking point may be due to material weakening or material change of the container or through a component provided in an opening of the container such as, for example
  • the rupture disk is adhesively bonded, welded, screwed or otherwise tightly sealed in the opening of the container.
  • the "bursting" of the predetermined breaking point is a process in which the predetermined breaking point opens at the structurally defined (bursting) pressure due to material deformation and / or material destruction.
  • Solution gases are pressure- or cold-liquefied gases that serve as solvents or emulsion carriers for irritants or warfare agents in their liquid state of aggregation.Therefore, the solution gas must evaporate and expand as it exits the container, and must be in gaseous state at room temperature and atmospheric pressure In addition, it should have an evaporation temperature that is so low compared to the ambient temperature that rapid evaporation through energy transfer from the ambient air is possible, for example propellants or refrigerants can be used as solution gases For example, for use at low ambient temperatures Refrigerant R 413 A suitable as a solution gas.
  • “Irritants” are substances that cause irritation to humans or animals in certain dosages without causing permanent damage to their health. stuff. The irritant effect is dependent on the acting concentration and type of irritant. More particularly, the invention relates to irritants that act primarily on the skin, particularly the mucosa and respiration, without being limited to this type of irritant. It is irrelevant whether the irritants in question are synthetic substances (for example CS) or naturally occurring substances (for example OC) or a combination of synthetic substances and natural substances.
  • an "irritant” is also a “warfare agent” depends, according to the Chemical Weapons Convention, on whether the chemical effect of the substance can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent damage to humans or animals. This is in most cases significantly dependent on the concentration of the irritant used.
  • an irritant is considered a warfare agent only if, unlike a peaceful or civilian purpose, it is used in an armed conflict.
  • Superfine distribution is understood to mean a distribution of the stimulants or warfare agents in which the size of the irritant or agent particles is below a size conventionally referred to as fog, in particular the irritants or warfare agents are below droplet size or crystal formation in the ambient air
  • the irritants or warfare agents are below droplet size or crystal formation in the ambient air
  • the pressure generating device is designed and arranged so that it generates the pressure increase directly in the interior of the container.
  • the pressure generating device is designed and arranged such that it acts on a movable piston in order to generate the pressure increase in the interior of the container by a volume reduction of the interior space. The latter embodiment is especially advantageous if contact of the solution gas or the stimulants or warfare agents is to be avoided with the pressure generating device.
  • the pressure-generating device has a pyrotechnic charge whose ignition causes the pressure increase in the interior of the container.
  • the pressure generating device on a separate from the interior of the container fluid source (gas or liquid), from which a fluid under pressure can be removed to effect the pressure increase in the interior of the container.
  • the pressure generating device on an electric drive for moving the piston.
  • an irritant or warfare agent dissolved or emulsified in the solution gas is received in the interior of the container.
  • the container contains another space and one of the components of the solution gas and the irritant or warfare agent is received in the interior and the other in the other room.
  • the separation between the interior space and the further space can then be canceled either before the pressure generating device is actuated or by the pressure generating device itself.
  • the irritant or warfare agent and the solution gas in two separate spaces of the container and to introduce both components into the interior to provide the desired solution or emulsion of the irritant or warfare agent in the solution gas.
  • a stimulant or warfare agent dissolved or emulsified in a solution gas in the liquid state is provided in an interior of a container, wherein the solution gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure or ambient pressure is in the gaseous state and wherein the Container has at least one predetermined breaking point, which generates an opening of the interior to the environment of the container at a predetermined bursting pressure in the interior. Then, if necessary, the pressure in the interior of the container is increased to above the bursting pressure of at least one predetermined breaking point, so that the solution gas exits the irritant or warfare agent through the opening formed by the cracked breaking point opening from the container and then immediately evaporates and expands and so spread the irritant or warfare agent in the ambient air.
  • the pressure increase is generated directly in the interior of the container, in an alternative embodiment of the invention, the pressure increase is generated in the interior of the container by a volume reduction of the interior.
  • an irritant or warfare agent dissolved or emulsified in the solution gas is received in the interior of the container.
  • the solution gas and the irritant or warfare agent are received in separate spaces of the container and mixed and provided in the interior space prior to generating the pressure increase in the interior of the container.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus for distributing
  • Irritants or warfare agents according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • 2 is a schematic sectional view of a device for distributing irritants or warfare agents according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus for distributing irritants or warfare agents according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus for distributing irritants or warfare agents according to a fourth embodiment of the
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a device for distributing
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a device for distributing
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional view of an apparatus for distributing
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device for distributing irritants or warfare agents according to the invention.
  • the device has a container 10 of any shape and size, in which an interior space 11 is defined.
  • the container 10 is preferably formed of a metal or a plastic material.
  • a solution or emulsion of an irritant or warfare agent for example CS
  • a solution gas for example propane, butane, hydrofluorocarbons, refrigerant, carbonic acid, Nitrogen
  • the container 10 is provided with at least one predetermined breaking point 12. Number, position and size of at least one predetermined breaking point 12 are selected depending on the application so that a targeted discharge of stimulants or warfare agents can be achieved.
  • the at least one predetermined breaking point 12 is, for example, a defined material weakening and / or material change of the container 10.
  • the predetermined breaking point 12 is formed by the tight sealing (gluing, welding or the like) of a predefined opening in the container 10, for example by a rupture disk ,
  • the at least one predetermined breaking point 12 is designed so that it generates the predefined opening in the container 10 at a predetermined bursting pressure in the interior 11 of the container 10.
  • the pressure in the interior 11 of the container 10 is significantly below the bursting pressure of the at least one predetermined breaking point 12.
  • the interior 11 of the container 10 is sealed. A leakage of irritants or warfare agents and the solution gas from the container is avoided.
  • the device is further provided with a pyrotechnic charge 14 which is coupled to an ignition device 16 (e.g., fuse). Pyrotechnic charge 14 and ignition device 16 form a pressure generating device according to the present invention.
  • This pressure generating device 14-16 generates the pressure increase directly in the interior 11 of the container 10.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 14 in the container 10 is removed by means of the ignition device 16. ignites.
  • explosion gas pressure explosion heat and explosion shock wave are generated, which increase the pressure in the interior 11 of the container 10.
  • the internal pressure in the interior 11 exceeds the bursting pressure of the at least one predetermined breaking point 12, it bursts and immediately generates a predefined opening in the container 10.
  • the solution gas then exits the container 10 through the opening with the admixed stimulants or warfare agents Inner space 11 constructed overpressure simultaneously to the Austragungsbevantung of the solution gas, so that larger discharge distances are achieved than they would be caused solely by the evaporation pressure of the solution gas.
  • the solution gas Upon exiting the opening of the container 10, the solution gas then evaporates abruptly and expands. The energy required for the evaporation removes the liquid solution gas of the ambient air. In the expansion of the solution gas, the stimulants or warfare agents mixed with it are forcibly torn apart, with the surface tension and crystal structures being suppressed, together with the molecules of the solution gas, i. sporadically. The solution gas expansion thus causes a finest distribution of irritants or warfare agents below droplet size or crystal formation in the ambient air.
  • the discharge of the solution gas with the admixed stimulants or warfare agents from the container 10 within a very short time after actuation of the device, since the individual components do not have to be passed through lines, valves and nozzles.
  • the entire orifice is immediately provided in the container 10, so that all the available amount of irritant or warfare agent is discharged very quickly and so immediately sufficient irritant concentration in the ambient air is achieved.
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of a device for distributing irritants or warfare agents.
  • the direct introduction of pyrotechnically generated combustion gases can lead to unwanted chemical reactions. It is therefore advantageous in such cases to separate the pyrotechnic charge 14 from the solution gas mixture in the interior 11 of the container 10.
  • the interior 11 of the container 10 is bounded on at least one side or location by a movable piston 18.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 14 is then arranged on the side facing away from the interior 11 of the container 10.
  • the piston 18 is moved away from the charge 14 (upward in FIG. 2) by the explosion gas pressure, thus reducing the volume of the interior 11 of the container 10.
  • the volume reduction of the interior space 11 creates an overpressure in it. which exceeds the bursting pressure of the at least one predetermined breaking point 12, which leads in the same manner as in the above first embodiment for discharging the solution gas mixture from the container 10 and Feinstver malaria the irritants or warfare agents in the ambient air.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 differ from the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in each case by the type of pressure generating device. While in the first and second embodiments, the pressure generating device each contained a pyrotechnic charge 14, in the embodiments of Figures 3 and 4 each have a fluid source 24 is an integral part of the pressure generating device.
  • a fluid source 24 is connected to the container 10 via a fluid conduit 22.
  • the fluid line 22 opens directly into the interior 11 of the container 10, which includes the solution gas mixture.
  • the fluid line 22 opens into a subspace below a piston 18 which can be moved against the interior 11 of the container 10.
  • a fluid gas, liquid is introduced under pressure into the container 10 to in the interior
  • the pressurized fluid of the fluid source 24 can be taken, for example, from a pressure vessel, removed from a reservoir and compressed, removed from a reservoir by pyro-technical means or chemically generated. If this fluid of the fluid source 24 does not come into contact with the solution gas mixture in the interior 11 of the container 10, because this may possibly lead to undesired chemical reactions in the solution gas mixture, then the variant of FIG. 4 is to be preferred.
  • the introduced into the container 10 fluid pushes the piston 18 against the interior 11 of the container 10 and thus reduces its volume to cause the pressure increase to above the bursting pressure of at least one predetermined breaking point.
  • a closure device 20 is provided, for example, in the form of a valve or a predetermined breaking point, such as a rupture disk, as in FIGS and 4 indicated.
  • FIG. 1 A fifth exemplary embodiment with a further variant of the pressure-generating device is illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 in order to generate the pressure increase in the interior 11 of the container 10, the volume of the interior space 11 is reduced by means of a movable piston 18 analogously to the embodiment variants of FIGS. 2 and 4. In contrast to the examples shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, however, this piston 18 is not moved pyrotechnically or by means of a pressurized fluid but by means of an electric or electromotive drive 19.
  • the container 10 each contained an inner space 11 in which a ready-dosed solution or emulsions of the stimulants or warfare agents was contained in the liquid solution gas. To increase the reliability of the device, it is also possible to provide the stimulants or warfare agents and the solution gas separated from each other until actuation of the device.
  • the container 10 has, in addition to the inner space 11, a further space 26, which is separated from the inner space 11.
  • the further space 26 is separated from the inner space 11.
  • Room 26 is separated from the interior 11 by a partition wall 29, which is not limited to any particular shape, type and / or material selection, for example, may be formed as a membrane.
  • a partition wall 29 which is not limited to any particular shape, type and / or material selection, for example, may be formed as a membrane.
  • the liquid solution gas In the interior 11 is the liquid solution gas and in the other room 26 are the irritants or warfare agents.
  • the stimulants or warfare agents may optionally be in powder form in the further space 26 or dissolved in a liquefied gas or liquid.
  • a pyrotechnic charge 14 is arranged in the further space 26, which initially generates an increase in pressure in the further space 26 when it is ignited by the ignition device 16.
  • the separation between the interior 11 and the other space 26 of the container 10 is repealed, for example by opening a (separating) valve or by bursting a (separation) breaking point 28 in the partition wall 29 between the interior 11 and further space 26, so that the stimulants or warfare agents are injected under pressure into the solution gas in the interior 11.
  • the desired emulsion or solution of the stimulants or warfare agents is formed in the solution gas in the interior 11 of the container 10 further increasing pressure in the wider space 26 and thus also in the interior 11, the internal pressure in the container 10 is finally increased to the bursting pressure of at least one predetermined breaking point 12.
  • the leakage of the solution gas mixture through the open predetermined breaking point 12 and the finest distribution of irritants or warfare agents in the ambient air then carried out in the manner described above as in the previous embodiments.
  • the inner space 11 and the further space 26 of the container 10 can also be used in the reverse manner. That is, the irritants or warfare agents are in the interior 11 and the solution gas is filled in the other space 26 before the pressure generating means 14-16, the separation between the interior 11 and further space 26 cancels to provide the desired solution gas mixture in the container 10 ,
  • the embodiment of Figure 7 differs from that shown in Figure 6 on the one hand by the nature of the pressure generating device and on the other hand by the nature of the pressure increase.
  • the pressure generating device has, in particular, the fluid source 24 and thus corresponds to that of the third and fourth exemplary embodiments.
  • a movable piston 18 is provided, which upon actuation of the pressure generating means 20-24 causes a volume reduction of the further space 26, so as to generate the pressure increase.
  • the solution gas and the irritants or warfare agents are held in two separate, separate spaces of the container 10 and then mixed in a first step in the interior 11 to the desired solution gas mixture before in a second Step the required pressure in the interior 11 is generated to bring the predetermined breaking point 12 to bursting.
  • the invention is not limited either to a particular type of solution gas or to a specific type of irritant or warfare agent.
  • the addition of additives for Austragungs- and distribution improvement is possible.
  • no restriction on special amounts and mixing ratios of the solution gas and the irritants or warfare agents and possibly the additives is provided.
  • the containers 10 and their interiors 11 each have only one predetermined breaking point 12.
  • a plurality of predetermined breaking points can also be provided at different positions of the container.
  • the device according to the invention is not restricted to any special applications.
  • the device can be both fixedly mounted and used as a single mobile device.
  • a mounting of the device to fixed facilities such as buildings and the like as well as to mobile devices such as vehicles and the like is possible.
  • the device according to the invention can be used advantageously in field applications, but can also be used in closed spaces.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de dispersion de substances irritantes ou d'agents de combat chimiques. Ce dispositif comprend un récipient (10) comportant un espace intérieur (11) destiné à contenir une substance irritante ou un agent de combat chimique dissous ou émulsifié à l'état d'agrégat fluide dans un gaz de dissolution qui est présent à l'état gazeux à température ambiante et pression atmosphérique ou ambiante. En outre, le récipient (10) présente au moins un point de rupture (12) qui génère, en présence d'une pression d'éclatement prédéfinie dans l'espace intérieur (11), une ouverture de l'espace intérieur vers l'environnement du récipient, et un dispositif de génération de pression (14-16; 19; 20-24) qui peut générer dans l'espace intérieur (11) du récipient (10) une pression accrue qui est supérieure à la pression d'éclatement dudit point de rupture (12).
EP09778318A 2008-09-08 2009-09-03 Dispositif et procédé de dispersion de substances irritantes ou d'agents de combat chimiques Withdrawn EP2324321A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008046246A DE102008046246B4 (de) 2008-09-08 2008-09-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verteilen von Reiz- oder Kampfstoffen
PCT/EP2009/006401 WO2010025925A1 (fr) 2008-09-08 2009-09-03 Dispositif et procédé de dispersion de substances irritantes ou d'agents de combat chimiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2324321A1 true EP2324321A1 (fr) 2011-05-25

Family

ID=41258341

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09778318A Withdrawn EP2324321A1 (fr) 2008-09-08 2009-09-03 Dispositif et procédé de dispersion de substances irritantes ou d'agents de combat chimiques

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8616132B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2324321A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102209877B (fr)
DE (2) DE102008046246B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010025925A1 (fr)

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US9080842B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2015-07-14 Lennie Mitchell Human identification detection system
CN102226675B (zh) * 2011-06-13 2014-10-29 李光武 增压引爆高压气体或和液体或超临界流体的爆炸装置
CN105066797A (zh) * 2013-04-26 2015-11-18 线运恒 黄金尘雾炸弹及其使用方法
DE102013007784A1 (de) 2013-05-06 2014-11-06 Alarm Active Defence Ltd. Wurfkörper, insbesondere Handwurfkörper
WO2015105526A1 (fr) 2014-01-13 2015-07-16 Security Devices International, Inc. Agencement de support de charge utile pour projectile non-létal

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010025925A1 (fr) 2010-03-11
DE102008046246A1 (de) 2010-03-11
US8616132B2 (en) 2013-12-31
CN102209877B (zh) 2015-01-28
DE102008046246B4 (de) 2011-05-19
US20110219979A1 (en) 2011-09-15
DE202008017664U1 (de) 2010-04-22
CN102209877A (zh) 2011-10-05

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