EP2324317A2 - Polyurethane coatings for thermally regulating and the use thereof - Google Patents

Polyurethane coatings for thermally regulating and the use thereof

Info

Publication number
EP2324317A2
EP2324317A2 EP09757196A EP09757196A EP2324317A2 EP 2324317 A2 EP2324317 A2 EP 2324317A2 EP 09757196 A EP09757196 A EP 09757196A EP 09757196 A EP09757196 A EP 09757196A EP 2324317 A2 EP2324317 A2 EP 2324317A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polyurethane
tubes
hoses
transparent
medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09757196A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jens Krause
Frank Muschiol
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro Deutschland AG
Original Assignee
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer MaterialScience AG filed Critical Bayer MaterialScience AG
Publication of EP2324317A2 publication Critical patent/EP2324317A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/127—Sunlight; Visible light
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/73—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits being of plastic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/52—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by the material
    • F24S80/525—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings characterised by the material made of plastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
    • H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
    • B01J2219/025—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties characterised by the construction materials of the reactor vessel proper
    • B01J2219/0295—Synthetic organic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/02—Fastening; Joining by using bonding materials; by embedding elements in particular materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to polyurethane layers with tubes or hoses, with which it is possible to thermally regulate the polyurethane itself or materials adjacent to the polyurethane by heat exchange by means of flowing through the tubes / hoses media, as well as their use.
  • the encapsulation of solar cells is currently an important technical topic that is being intensively worked on.
  • the background here is, inter alia, the most effective use of both the electrical and the thermal energy.
  • the thermal energy released in the energy conversion of the solar cells on the surface of the solar cell reduces the electrical yield. That is, the hotter the surface, especially in summer, the lower the current efficiency.
  • solar cells are usually more effective on a cold, sunny winter's day than on a hot summer's day.
  • the yield of the solar cell can be increased.
  • the dissipated heat can optionally be used.
  • the cooling of solar cells is already known from DE-A 43 07 705 and DE-A 299 13 202. However, the cooling takes place here externally and is only possible with loss of transmission, as for example steel cooling coils or plastic hoses are used.
  • the object of the present invention was to effectively encapsulate solar cells, effectively dissipate the resulting heat and optionally use.
  • the invention relates to polyurethane layers, which are characterized in that they are traversed by preferably parallel tubes or tubes with a diameter of ⁇ 95% of the polyurethane layer thickness, preferably ⁇ 80%, through which a medium flows for heat exchange.
  • the tubes or hoses may be formed as round or flat tubes or hoses. As pipes / hoses and multi-channel pipes or hoses can be used.
  • the preferred diameter of the tubes or hoses is between 2 to 20 mm in most applications of the polyurethane layer.
  • Glass tubes are particularly preferably used. However, it can also be used pipes / hoses made of plastic.
  • liquids are preferred as the medium.
  • gases such as air
  • media are non-corrosive, non-toxic media, such as water or - -
  • the medium is a transparent medium.
  • the medium flowing through the tubes or hoses in the polyurethane medium can also be used as a heating medium by flowing at elevated temperature through the tubes or hoses and so, for example, the fogging of the particular transparent polyurethane is prevented.
  • the heat absorbed by the media flowing through the tubes / hoses can be dissipated via heat exchangers and thus used, for example, to produce hot water.
  • the polyurethane When used in a solar module, the polyurethane protects both the solar cell and the tubes or hoses embedded in the polyurethane, in particular the glass tube, as far as these are used.
  • the solar cell can be technically easily encapsulated by the polyurethane, without the efficiency of the solar cell is severely impaired, since both the polyurethane and the tubes / hoses and the medium can be transparent.
  • the polyurethane, the tubes or hoses and the medium are particularly transparent when they are aligned with the light source and, as in the case of a solar module, the light rays should pass as freely as possible.
  • the polyurethane layers according to the invention also have the advantage that they can be easily prepared from transparent, pourable, relatively scratch-resistant and elastic polyurethane.
  • Another object of the invention are solar modules made of solar cells, which are in polyurethane, which is transparent at least where it is aligned to the light source, encapsulated, which are characterized in that the polyurethane is preferably traversed by parallel tubes or hoses, through a medium for heat exchange flows, wherein the tubes and tubes and the medium, at least where they are aligned with the light source, are transparent.
  • the solar module according to the invention has the advantage that the overall efficiency of the solar cell is increased because the efficiency can be increased by the active cooling of the solar cell.
  • the transparent polyurethane with the cooling medium in the pipes / hoses not only acts as a heat exchanger, but also protects the solar cells from knocks and scratches.
  • the polyurethane has a higher scratch resistance and greater flexibility over other plastics.
  • the polyurethane layer has the advantage that it is not fragile and, moreover, highly elastic.
  • the transparent polyurethane layer lies on the side of the solar module facing the sun.
  • a transparent polyurethane layer is not necessary.
  • the polyurethane layer according to the invention can be used.
  • the polyurethane layers of the invention can be used as layers not only for the encapsulation of solar cells, but also for thermoregulation of reactors.
  • the polyurethane layers can be used as a coating of facades, floor coverings or the like as well as pipe insulation.
  • the transparent polyurethane layers are suitable for the production of transparent reactors.
  • the so-called algae reactors may be mentioned here.
  • the algae produce in the reactors under light influence from CO 2 oxygen (photosynthesis).
  • CO 2 oxygen photosynthesis
  • a temperature of about 27 ° C must be maintained, which is kept constant via a heat exchange via the reactor wall.
  • the reactor wall consists either of the transparent polyurethane layer according to the invention or the reactor, for example of glass, is coated with the polyurethane layer according to the invention.
  • the polyurethane layer according to the invention can also be used for the production of thermal insulation elements.
  • thermal insulation elements may e.g. be used in the insulation of buildings.
  • paraffins can be used in particular here.
  • said elements may e.g. in the form of windows or transparent external facades thermally regulate the interior of the building.
  • Syntactic polyurethane may also be used as the polyurethane, which is preferably used as a coating for the production of pipe insulation, such as e.g. in the off-shore industry, can be used.
  • the polyurethane layer may preferably contain hollow microsphere bodies. These hollow microspheres act as a heat-insulating medium in the polyurethane layer. - -
  • the layers can be prepared by the methods known per se by placing the tubes / hoses and applying the polyurethane reaction mixture by pouring, spraying or injecting.
  • Figure 1 shows a section of a layer according to the invention, in which the tubes (1) in the poly urethane (2) are arranged.
  • the medium (not shown) flows through the tubes.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a solar module with transverse and longitudinal tubes (1) and solar cells (3), which are embedded in polyurethane (2).
  • the module is additionally protected by a cover layer (4) made of glass or plastic.
  • the module additionally has a protective and / or stabilizing plate (5) and a frame (6).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to polyurethane coatings having pipes or hoses by means of which the polyurethane itself or the materials adjacent to the polyurethane can be thermally regulated by heat exchange by means of media flowing through the pipes/hoses, and the use thereof.

Description

- - - -
Polyurethanschichten zur Thermoreeulierung sowie deren VerwendungPolyurethane layers for thermo-emulsification and their use
Die Erfindung betrifft Polyurethanschichten mit Rohren oder Schläuchen, mit denen es möglich ist, das Polyurethan selbst oder an das Polyurethan angrenzende Materialien durch Wärmeaustausch mittels durch die Rohre/Schläuche strömenden Medien thermisch zu regulieren, sowie deren Ver- wendung.The invention relates to polyurethane layers with tubes or hoses, with which it is possible to thermally regulate the polyurethane itself or materials adjacent to the polyurethane by heat exchange by means of flowing through the tubes / hoses media, as well as their use.
Die Verkapselung von Solarzellen ist derzeit ein wichtiges technisches Thema, das intensiv bearbeitet wird. Hintergrund ist hierbei unter anderem eine möglichst effektive Nutzung sowohl der elektrischen als auch der thermischen Energie. Die bei der Energieumwandlung der Solarzellen frei werdende thermische Energie an der Oberfläche der Solarzelle verringert die elektrische Ausbeute. Das heißt, je heißer die Oberfläche, insbesondere im Sommer, desto geringer die Stromausbeute.The encapsulation of solar cells is currently an important technical topic that is being intensively worked on. The background here is, inter alia, the most effective use of both the electrical and the thermal energy. The thermal energy released in the energy conversion of the solar cells on the surface of the solar cell reduces the electrical yield. That is, the hotter the surface, especially in summer, the lower the current efficiency.
Somit sind Solarzellen an einem kalten, sonnigen Wintertag meist effektiver als an einem heißen Sommertag. Durch Abfuhr dieser Wärme kann die Ausbeute der Solarzelle gesteigert werden. Zusätzlich kann die abgeführte Wärme gegebenenfalls genutzt werden. Im Prinzip ist die Kühlung von Solarzellen bereits aus DE-A 43 07 705 und DE-A 299 13 202 bekannt. Allerdings erfolgt die Kühlung hier extern und ist nur unter Verlust der Transmission möglich, da beispielsweise Stahlkühlschlangen oder Kunststoffschläuche eingesetzt werden.Thus, solar cells are usually more effective on a cold, sunny winter's day than on a hot summer's day. By dissipating this heat, the yield of the solar cell can be increased. In addition, the dissipated heat can optionally be used. In principle, the cooling of solar cells is already known from DE-A 43 07 705 and DE-A 299 13 202. However, the cooling takes place here externally and is only possible with loss of transmission, as for example steel cooling coils or plastic hoses are used.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es, Solarzellen effektiv zu verkapseln, die entstehende Wärme effektiv abzuführen und gegebenenfalls zu nutzen.The object of the present invention was to effectively encapsulate solar cells, effectively dissipate the resulting heat and optionally use.
Diese Aufgabe konnte durch die erfindungsgemäßen Polyurethanschichten gelöst werden.This problem could be solved by the polyurethane layers according to the invention.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Polyurethanschichten, die dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, dass sie von bevorzugt parallel angeordneten Rohren oder Schläuchen mit einem Durchmesser von < 95 % der Polyurethanschichtdicke, bevorzugt < 80 %, durchzogen werden, durch die ein Medium zum Wärmeaustausch strömt.The invention relates to polyurethane layers, which are characterized in that they are traversed by preferably parallel tubes or tubes with a diameter of <95% of the polyurethane layer thickness, preferably <80%, through which a medium flows for heat exchange.
Die Rohre oder Schläuche können als Rund- oder Flachrohre bzw. -Schläuche ausgebildet sein. Als Rohre/Schläuche können auch Multikanalrohre oder -schlauche eingesetzt werden.The tubes or hoses may be formed as round or flat tubes or hoses. As pipes / hoses and multi-channel pipes or hoses can be used.
Der bevorzugte Durchmesser der Rohre oder Schläuche liegt bei den meisten Anwendungen der Polyurethanschicht zwischen 2 bis 20 mm.The preferred diameter of the tubes or hoses is between 2 to 20 mm in most applications of the polyurethane layer.
Besonders bevorzugt werden Glasrohre eingesetzt. Es können jedoch auch Rohre/Schläuche aus Kunststoff verwendet werden.Glass tubes are particularly preferably used. However, it can also be used pipes / hoses made of plastic.
Aufgrund der höheren Wärmekapazität sind Flüssigkeiten als Medium bevorzugt. Es können jedoch auch Gase, wie z.B. Luft, eingesetzt werden. Besonders bevorzugte Medien (Medien zur Kühlung oder zur Heizung) sind nicht korrosive, nicht toxische Medien, wie z.B. Wasser oder - -Due to the higher heat capacity, liquids are preferred as the medium. However, gases, such as air, can also be used. Particularly preferred media (media for cooling or heating) are non-corrosive, non-toxic media, such as water or - -
Silikonöl. Als Medien können auch Schmelzen (wegen der hohen Wärmekapazität) eingesetzt werden. Kohlenwasserstoffe, Fluorchlorkohlenwasserstoffe, Paraffinöle und andere aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Medien sowie Abmischungen daraus können hier ebenfalls verwendet werden. Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Medium um ein transparentes Medium.Silicone oil. Melting (because of the high heat capacity) can also be used as media. Hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons, paraffin oils, and other media known in the art, as well as blends thereof, may also be used herein. Particularly preferably, the medium is a transparent medium.
Es können als Medium auch aggressive Medien eingesetzt werden, da durch die Rohre/Schläuche das Polyurethan geschützt wird und eine Diffusion des Mediums in das Polyurethan nicht möglich ist.It can be used as a medium and aggressive media, as is protected by the pipes / hoses, the polyurethane and a diffusion of the medium in the polyurethane is not possible.
Das durch die Rohre oder Schläuche im Polyurethan strömende Medium kann auch als Heizmedium benutzt werden, indem es mit erhöhter Temperatur durch die Rohre oder Schläuche strömt und so beispielsweise das Beschlagen des insbesondere transparenten Polyurethans verhindert wird.The medium flowing through the tubes or hoses in the polyurethane medium can also be used as a heating medium by flowing at elevated temperature through the tubes or hoses and so, for example, the fogging of the particular transparent polyurethane is prevented.
Bei einer Kühlung kann die von den durch die Rohre/Schläuche strömenden Medien aufgenommene Wärme über Wärmetauscher abgeführt werden und so beispielsweise zur Erzeugung von Warmwasser genutzt werden.With cooling, the heat absorbed by the media flowing through the tubes / hoses can be dissipated via heat exchangers and thus used, for example, to produce hot water.
Das Polyurethan schützt bei Verwendung in einem Solarmodul sowohl die Solarzelle als auch die im Polyurethan eingebetteten Rohre oder Schläuche, insbesondere die Glasröhre, soweit diese eingesetzt werden. Die Solarzelle kann von dem Polyurethan technisch einfach eingekapselt werden, ohne dass die Effizienz der Solarzelle stark beeinträchtigt wird, da sowohl das Polyurethan als auch die Rohre/Schläuche und das Medium transparent sein können. Das Polyurethan, die Rohre oder Schläuche und das Medium sind insbesondere dann transparent, wenn sie zur Lichtquelle ausgerichtet sind und, wie im Fall eines Solarmoduls, die Lichtstrahlen möglichst ungehindert durchlassen sollen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Polyurethanschichten haben zudem den Vorteil, dass sie aus transparentem, gießbarem, relativ kratzfestem und elastischem Polyurethan einfach hergestellt werden können.When used in a solar module, the polyurethane protects both the solar cell and the tubes or hoses embedded in the polyurethane, in particular the glass tube, as far as these are used. The solar cell can be technically easily encapsulated by the polyurethane, without the efficiency of the solar cell is severely impaired, since both the polyurethane and the tubes / hoses and the medium can be transparent. The polyurethane, the tubes or hoses and the medium are particularly transparent when they are aligned with the light source and, as in the case of a solar module, the light rays should pass as freely as possible. The polyurethane layers according to the invention also have the advantage that they can be easily prepared from transparent, pourable, relatively scratch-resistant and elastic polyurethane.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Solarmodule aus Solarzellen, die in Polyurethan, welches zumindest dort, wo es zur Lichtquelle ausgerichtet ist, transparent ist, eingekapselt sind, die dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, dass das Polyurethan von bevorzugt parallel angeordneten Rohren oder Schläuchen durchzogen ist, durch die ein Medium zum Wärmeaustausch strömt, wobei die Rohre und Schläuche und das Medium zumindest dort, wo sie zur Lichtquelle hin ausgerichtet sind, transparent sind.Another object of the invention are solar modules made of solar cells, which are in polyurethane, which is transparent at least where it is aligned to the light source, encapsulated, which are characterized in that the polyurethane is preferably traversed by parallel tubes or hoses, through a medium for heat exchange flows, wherein the tubes and tubes and the medium, at least where they are aligned with the light source, are transparent.
Das erfindungsgemäße Solarmodul hat den Vorteil, dass der Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Solarzelle erhöht wird, da durch die aktive Kühlung der Solarzelle der Wirkungsgrad gesteigert werden kann. Das transparente Polyurethan mit dem Kühlmedium in den Rohren/Schläuchen wirkt jedoch nicht nur als Wärmetauscher, sondern schützt die Solarzellen auch vor Schlägen und Kratzern. Darüber hinaus weist das Polyurethan gegenüber anderen Kunststoffen eine höhere Kratzfestigkeit und eine höhere Flexibilität auf. Gegenüber Glas hat die Polyurethanschicht den Vorteil, dass sie nicht zer- brechlich und darüber hinaus hoch elastisch ist.The solar module according to the invention has the advantage that the overall efficiency of the solar cell is increased because the efficiency can be increased by the active cooling of the solar cell. However, the transparent polyurethane with the cooling medium in the pipes / hoses not only acts as a heat exchanger, but also protects the solar cells from knocks and scratches. In addition, the polyurethane has a higher scratch resistance and greater flexibility over other plastics. Compared to glass, the polyurethane layer has the advantage that it is not fragile and, moreover, highly elastic.
Vorzugsweise liegt die transparente Polyurethanschicht auf der der Sonne zugewandten Seite des Solarmoduls. Auf der Seite, die der Sonne abgewandt ist, ist eine transparente Polyurethanschicht nicht notwendig. Auf dieser von der Sonne abgewandten Seite können alle aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Polyurethan-Materialien, aber auch die erfindungsgemäße Polyurethanschicht eingesetzt werden.Preferably, the transparent polyurethane layer lies on the side of the solar module facing the sun. On the side facing away from the sun, a transparent polyurethane layer is not necessary. On this side facing away from the sun all known from the prior art polyurethane materials, but also the polyurethane layer according to the invention can be used.
Die erfindungsgemäßen Polyurethanschichten können als Schichten nicht nur zur Verkapselung von Solarzellen eingesetzt werden, sondern auch zur Thermoregulierung von Reaktoren.The polyurethane layers of the invention can be used as layers not only for the encapsulation of solar cells, but also for thermoregulation of reactors.
Sie können bei der Herstellung von Solarkollektoren verwendet werden und bei der Herstellung und Thermoregulierung von Gewächshäusern. Die Polyurethanschichten können als Beschichtung von Fassaden, Bodenbelägen oder dergleichen sowie als Rohrisolierungen eingesetzt werden.They can be used in the manufacture of solar collectors and in the manufacture and thermoregulation of greenhouses. The polyurethane layers can be used as a coating of facades, floor coverings or the like as well as pipe insulation.
Die transparenten Polyurethanschichten eignen sich zur Herstellung von transparenten Reaktoren. Beispielhaft seien hier die sogenannten Algenreaktoren genannt. Die Algen produzieren in den Reaktoren unter Licht einfluss aus CO2 Sauerstoff (Fotosynthese). Damit die Algen effizient arbeiten, ist eine Temperatur von etwa 27°C einzuhalten, die über einen Wärmeaustausch über die Reaktorwand konstant gehalten wird. Die Reaktorwand besteht entweder aus der erfindungsgemäßen transparenten Polyurethanschicht oder der Reaktor beispielsweise aus Glas ist mit der erfindungsgemäßen Polyurethanschicht beschichtet.The transparent polyurethane layers are suitable for the production of transparent reactors. By way of example, the so-called algae reactors may be mentioned here. The algae produce in the reactors under light influence from CO 2 oxygen (photosynthesis). In order for the algae to work efficiently, a temperature of about 27 ° C must be maintained, which is kept constant via a heat exchange via the reactor wall. The reactor wall consists either of the transparent polyurethane layer according to the invention or the reactor, for example of glass, is coated with the polyurethane layer according to the invention.
Die erfindungsgemäße Polyurethanschicht kann auch zur Herstellung von Wärmedämmelementen eingesetzt werden. Derartige Wärmedämmelemente können z.B. bei der Isolierung von Gebäuden eingesetzt werden. Als Wärmeaustauschmedium können hier insbesondere Paraffine eingesetzt werden. So können besagte Elemente z.B. in Form von Fenstern oder transparenten Außenfassaden die Innenräume des Gebäudes thermisch regulieren.The polyurethane layer according to the invention can also be used for the production of thermal insulation elements. Such thermal insulation elements may e.g. be used in the insulation of buildings. As a heat exchange medium paraffins can be used in particular here. Thus, said elements may e.g. in the form of windows or transparent external facades thermally regulate the interior of the building.
Als Polyurethan kann auch syntaktisches Polyurethan eingesetzt werden, das bevorzugt als Beschichtung zur Herstellung von Rohrisolierungen, wie z.B. in der Off-shore Industrie, eingesetzt werden kann.Syntactic polyurethane may also be used as the polyurethane, which is preferably used as a coating for the production of pipe insulation, such as e.g. in the off-shore industry, can be used.
Bevorzugt kann die Polyurethanschicht Mikrohohlkugelkörper enthalten. Diese Mikrohohlkugel- körper wirken als wärmedämmendes Medium in der Polyurethanschicht. - -The polyurethane layer may preferably contain hollow microsphere bodies. These hollow microspheres act as a heat-insulating medium in the polyurethane layer. - -
Die Schichten können nach den an sich bekannten Verfahren hergestellt werden, indem die Rohre/Schläuche vorgelegt werden und die Polyurethanreaktionsmischung durch Gießen, Sprühen oder Einspritzen aufgebracht wird.The layers can be prepared by the methods known per se by placing the tubes / hoses and applying the polyurethane reaction mixture by pouring, spraying or injecting.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Schicht, in der die Rohre (1) im PoIy- urethan (2) angeordnet sind. Das Medium (nicht gezeichnet) strömt durch die Rohre.Figure 1 shows a section of a layer according to the invention, in which the tubes (1) in the poly urethane (2) are arranged. The medium (not shown) flows through the tubes.
Figur 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch ein Solarmodul mit quer und längs verlaufenden Rohren ( 1 ) und Solarzellen (3), die in Polyurethan (2) eingebettet sind. Zur Lichtquelle hin ist das Modul durch eine Deckschicht (4) aus Glas oder Kunststoff zusätzlich geschützt. Das Modul weist zusätzlich eine Schutz- und/oder stabilisierend wirkende Platte (5) sowie einen Rahmen (6) auf. Figure 2 shows a cross section through a solar module with transverse and longitudinal tubes (1) and solar cells (3), which are embedded in polyurethane (2). Towards the light source, the module is additionally protected by a cover layer (4) made of glass or plastic. The module additionally has a protective and / or stabilizing plate (5) and a frame (6).

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Polyurethanschicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht von vorzugsweise parallel angeordneten Rohren oder Schläuchen mit einem Durchmesser von < 95 % der Dicke der Polyurethanschicht durchzogen wird, durch die ein Medium zum Wärmeaustausch strömt.1. polyurethane layer, characterized in that the layer of preferably parallel tubes or tubes is penetrated with a diameter of <95% of the thickness of the polyurethane layer through which a medium flows for heat exchange.
2. Polyurethanschicht gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polyurethan transparent ist.2. Polyurethane layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the polyurethane is transparent.
3. Polyurethanschicht gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre oder Schläuche transparent sind.3. Polyurethane layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubes or hoses are transparent.
4. Polyurethanschicht gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Medium transpa- rent ist.4. Polyurethane layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the medium is transparent.
5. Verwendung der Polyurethanschicht gemäß Anspruch 1 zur Herstellung von Reaktoren, Solarmodulen und Solarkollektoren, zur Beschichtung von Reaktoren, Fassaden, Bodenbelägen und Gewächshäusern sowie zur Rohrisolierung.5. Use of the polyurethane layer according to claim 1 for the production of reactors, solar modules and solar collectors, for the coating of reactors, facades, floor coverings and greenhouses and for pipe insulation.
6. Solarmodule aus Solarzellen, die in Polyurethan, welches zumindest dort, wo es zur Licht- quelle ausgerichtet ist, transparent ist, eingekapselt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das6. Solar modules of solar cells, which are in polyurethane, which is at least where it is aligned to the light source, transparent, encapsulated, characterized in that the
Polyurethan von vorzugsweise parallel angeordneten Rohren oder Schläuchen durchzogen ist, durch die ein Medium zum Wärmeaustausch strömt, wobei die Rohre oder Schläuche und das Medium zumindest dort, wo sie zur Lichtquelle hin ausgerichtet sind, transparent sind. Polyurethane is preferably traversed by parallel tubes or hoses through which a medium for heat exchange flows, wherein the tubes or hoses and the medium, at least where they are aligned with the light source, are transparent.
EP09757196A 2008-06-07 2009-05-26 Polyurethane coatings for thermally regulating and the use thereof Withdrawn EP2324317A2 (en)

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DE102008027342A DE102008027342A1 (en) 2008-06-07 2008-06-07 Polyurethane layers for thermoregulation and their use
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