EP2322856A2 - Device for processing biomass - Google Patents
Device for processing biomass Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2322856A2 EP2322856A2 EP10014561A EP10014561A EP2322856A2 EP 2322856 A2 EP2322856 A2 EP 2322856A2 EP 10014561 A EP10014561 A EP 10014561A EP 10014561 A EP10014561 A EP 10014561A EP 2322856 A2 EP2322856 A2 EP 2322856A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- straw
- worm shaft
- worm
- shafts
- perforated screen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/60—Separating
- F23G2201/602—Separating different sizes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/26—Biowaste
- F23G2209/262—Agricultural waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/10—Pulverizing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
- F23K2203/10—Supply line fittings
- F23K2203/104—Metering devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2203/00—Feeding arrangements
- F23K2203/20—Feeding/conveying devices
- F23K2203/202—Feeding/conveying devices using screws
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for processing substantially hemi-shaped biomass, in particular straw and hay.
- the invention relates to a device for shredding straw or hay in the form of bales in order to feed the thus shredded straw or hay to a boiler.
- straw is a collective term for threshed and then dried stalks and stems, in the narrower sense of any crops (especially cereals), in the broader sense but also of legumes, oil and fiber plants. Most of the straw is incorporated into the soil of agricultural land as a source of humus and nutrients, either directly after harvesting the crops or - mixed with animal excrement as manure - after being used as litter. Some straws also serve as nutrient-poor feed.
- straw can also be meaningfully used as fuel, since the calorific value of straw is not significantly lower than that of wood.
- Straw can be compressed into highly compressed bales (for example in the form of rectangular bales or round bales), which then have a calorific value of about 5000 kWh per tonne.
- a truck loaded with such bales can transport just as much energy as a wood truck. In this way, straw can be collected together with relatively little transport traffic.
- the quality of the straw is decisive for the burning properties and depending on the harvesting weather.
- the efficiency or the efficiency of a straw-operated heating system depends inter alia on the form in which the straw is fed to the heating system and how this is dosed.
- Linka of Denmark has disclosed for this purpose a charging system with a single-shaft cutting device which comprises a shaft provided with knives and a perforated screen.
- the straws are hardly crushed due to the lack of movement, but only pulled out of a bale, ie the straw remains substantially whole, is only treated in length and hardly broken, resulting in an unfavorable, as non-uniform dosage.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved apparatus for processing straw or hay in the form of a bale for a Heinzstrom.
- the object is achieved by a crushing device for processing straw bales according to claim 1.
- the comminution device comprises a plurality of screw shafts, each having a helix, along the circumference of which a plurality of cutting blades protrude in the circumferential direction.
- the crushing device comprises a perforated screen having a plurality of holes.
- the worm shafts are arranged in a frame such that the worm shafts in operation draw straw from a straw bale fed to the comminuting device, convey it into a processing space defined by the worm shafts, the frame and the perforated wire, and the straw in the processing space for so long crush until it can be removed through the holes of the perforated screen.
- the shredding device comprises four screw shafts, which are arranged in the frame substantially in such a way that their longitudinal axes are parallel and perpendicular to the feed direction of a straw bale, wherein the axes of the first, i. the upper, worm shaft and the third worm shaft lie in an imaginary vertical first plane and the axes of the fourth, i. bottom, worm shaft and the second worm shaft lie in an imaginary vertically extending second plane, which is offset horizontally from the plane.
- the second worm shaft and the fourth worm shaft are spaced closer to the vertical perforated wire than the first worm shaft and the third worm shaft.
- the relative arrangement of the worm shafts in the frame is such that the cutting blades of a worm shaft and the cutting blades of an immediately adjacent worm shaft intermesh, so that the space between two immediately adjacent worm shafts, which is not detected by a cutting blade, is kept as small as possible is reduced to a minimum.
- This arrangement of the screw shafts ensures that the straw is cut out of the bales evenly and no large press strokes are torn out. The straws are spread out.
- the helix of a worm shaft consists of two helical sections with opposite accessibility, each extending from one end of the worm shaft to the center thereof.
- the cutting blades are each mounted at an angular distance of 90 degrees along the circumference of the helix of a worm shaft and have the shape of a triangle with two cutting edges for crushing the straw.
- the crushing device according to the invention is part of a feed system which comprises baleous biomass, e.g. Bales of straw, absorbs the biomass crushed and fed to a heating system in which the crushed biomass is used for heating.
- baleous biomass e.g. Bales of straw
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show a perspective view and a side view from the front of the crushing device for processing straw bale according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b show a side view from behind and a cross-sectional view of the crushing device for processing bales of straw according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5a shows a further perspective view of the crushing device for processing bales of straw according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5b shows a detailed view of the four screw shafts and a part of the frame for supporting the screw shafts of the crushing device for processing bales of straw according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- a feeder length 10 is shown with a shredder 20 for processing straw bales in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the charging system 10 includes in addition to the Crushing device 20 for processing straw bales, a feed device 12 in the form of a table 13 and a feed, for example two feed chains 14a, 14b (preferably simplex chains) driven by a geared motor, guide means in the form of a guide frame 15 and a feed screw 16 for transporting the straw produced during the processing of a straw bale by the comminution device 20 and falls from above into a trough of the screw conveyor 16.
- the feed chains 14a, 14b chain locks are preferably integrated with a one-sided angle bracket, so that the straw bales during transport along the table 13 and through the guide frame 15 can not slip.
- the feeder 12 is preferably clocked, the timing depending on the straw quality and the dimensions of the straw bales.
- the charging system 10 further comprises a control unit (not shown), which controls the operation of all components and monitored and is connected to the signal exchange with these components.
- the crushing device 20 for processing straw bales and their components are described in detail in FIGS FIGS. 3a, 3b . 4a, 4b . 5a and 5b shown.
- the crushing device 20 comprises on its input side, ie the feeding device 12 and the guide tunnel 15 side facing four worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d for pulling the straw from a bale of straw and for cutting the Straw.
- the cover 28 may comprise a transparent pane, such as a Plexiglas pane, which permits viewing the discharge space defined by the perforated screen 26 and the cover 28, but seals that discharge space so that no shredded straw passing through the perforated screen 26 escapes from the crushing device 20 but the screw conveyor 16 is supplied.
- the diameter of the holes of the perforated screen 26 is preferably between about 5 and 10 cm.
- the four worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d are arranged in a frame 24 substantially one above the other such that their longitudinal axes are parallel and perpendicular to the feed direction of a straw bale. How this, however, in particular the FIG. 4b can be seen, the axes of the first, ie uppermost, worm shaft 22a and the third worm shaft 22c lie in an imaginary vertically extending first plane E1 and the axes of the fourth, ie lowest, worm shaft 22d and the second worm shaft 22b are in an imaginary vertically extending second Plane E2, which is offset horizontally from plane E1.
- the second worm shaft 22b and the fourth worm shaft 22d are closer to the perforated screen 26 than the first worm shaft 22a and the third worm shaft 22c, whose axes are in the vertical one Level E1 lie.
- the plane E1 in which the axes of the first worm shaft 22a and the third worm shaft 22c are located, and the plane E2, in which the axes of the second worm shaft 22b and the fourth worm shaft 22d are parallel, are parallel to that of the perforated screen 26 defined level.
- the distance of the second worm shaft 22b and the fourth worm shaft 22d from the perforated screen 26 is approximately between 10 and 15 cm, and most preferably about 12.5 cm.
- the spacing of the first worm shaft 22a and the third worm shaft 22c from the perforated screen 26 is approximately between 20 and 30 cm, and most preferably approximately 25 cm.
- a worm shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d respectively has a plurality of cutting blades 23 for crushing the straw, which is processed by means of the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d.
- the cutting blades 23 are respectively mounted along the circumference of the helix of the worm shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d so as to protrude in the circumferential direction.
- the cutting blades 23 are shaped and mounted on the helix of a respective worm shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d, that in operation the cutting blade 23 for comminution of the shredder 20 supplied straw, for example in the form of a straw bale provide.
- the cutting blades 23 may preferably each be screwed at an angular distance of 90 degrees along the circumference of the helix of the screw shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d and preferably have the shape of a triangle, so that a cutting blade 23 each has two cutting edges for crushing the straw ,
- the relative arrangement of the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d in the frame 24 best suits the FIGS. 4b . 5a and 5b is preferably such that the cutting blades 23 of a worm shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d and the cutting blades 23 of an immediately adjacent worm shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d "intermesh" (of course without touching each other) so that the Space between two immediately adjacent screw shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d, which is not detected by a cutting blade 23, is kept as small as possible or is reduced to a minimum.
- each two immediately adjacent worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d are in a meshing arrangement with each other.
- a tangential arrangement may be advantageous. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, this is determined by the diameter of the helices of a worm shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d with the cutting blades 23 mounted thereon and the center distance of two immediately adjacent worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d. Preferably, the center distance of two immediately adjacent screw shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d is approximately between 20 and 30 cm and most preferably approximately 25 cm.
- the helix diameter of a screw shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d is about 20 cm and the cutting blades are about 2 to 5 cm again from the helix.
- the pitch of the helices of a worm shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d is approximately between 10 and 20 cm and most preferably about 15 cm.
- the four screw shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d preferably all in the same direction, in the clockwise direction in the side view of FIG. 4b in which, for example, the feeding device 12 is located to the left of the comminution device 20.
- the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d may all rotate counterclockwise and may also rotate individually in different directions, as long as the pitch of the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c, and 22d is selected accordingly ,
- the helix of a worm shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d consists of two helical sections of opposite drive, each extending from one end of the worm shaft 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d to the center thereof.
- the helix of the immediately underlying worm shaft 22b also has two helical sections with opposite accessibility, wherein the left or front portion of the helix of the worm shaft 22b to the middle of a right-hand helix portion and the right and rear portion of the helix of the worm shaft 22b from the Middle is a left-handed spiral section.
- the person skilled in the art will recognize that the mobility of the left or front portion of the helix of the worm shaft 22b (right-handed) thus also opposes the accessibility of the left or front portion of the helix of the worm shaft 22a (left-hand). How is this the FIGS. 4a and 5b can be seen, this pattern is continued at the two further underlying screw shafts 22c and 22d.
- the left and front portions of the helices of the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d to the center are left-handed, right-handed, left-handed and right-handed
- the right and rear portions of the helices of the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d, respectively from the middle are right-handed, left-handed, right-handed and left-handed.
- the present invention of course also covers such embodiments in which the individual helices of the worm shafts either are only right-handed or only left-handed, wherein the passabilities of the helices of immediately adjacent worm shaft opposite to each other or may be equal if the axial distance of the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d is selected accordingly.
- the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d are driven by a 7.5 kW geared motor (not shown), which may for example be housed below the frame 24 in the shredding device 20.
- a 7.5 kW geared motor (not shown), which may for example be housed below the frame 24 in the shredding device 20.
- the feed chains 14a, 14b By means of the feed, ie the feed chains 14a, 14b, the bales of straw along the table 13 to the guide frame 15 and thus the crushing device 20 are fed (see also the horizontally extending, dotted arrow in FIG FIG. 4b indicating the direction of movement of a bale of straw).
- the cutting knives 23 of the first worm shaft 22a and / or the third worm shaft 22c straws are drawn out of the bale of straw at the corresponding locations and between the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d and thereon mounted cutting blades 23 crushed.
- the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d transport the straw to be processed from outside to the center, namely the first and third worm shaft 22a, 22c, and from the center to the outside, namely the second one and the fourth worm shaft 22b, 22d.
- This ensures that the straw to be processed is cut out evenly from a straw bale and no large press strokes are torn out.
- the straws are advantageously spread out.
- the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d is the perforated screen 26.
- the worm shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d define together with the perforated screen 26 and the frame 24 a processing space in which the straw is crushed until it is small enough to emerge through the holes of the perforated screen 26 from this processing space and enter the discharge space defined by the perforated screen 26 and the cover 28.
- the size of the diameter of the holes of the perforated screen 26 the length of the crushed straw is determined.
- the straw falls into the trough of the screw conveyor 16 (see also the vertically extending dotted arrow in FIG. 4b , which indicates the direction of movement of the crushed straw after the perforated screen 26) and is there discharged from the screw conveyor 16, for example to a boiler.
- the crushing device 20 according to the invention has the following advantages. In contrast to known devices shorter and longitudinally broken blades are made with destroyed wax layer on the surface, which are much better suited for a good dosage and combustion in the boiler plants. Furthermore, due to the inventive arrangement of provided with cutting blades 23 screw shafts 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d, the cutting blades 23 in comparison to the prior art process the straw much more often and thus significantly better cut and destroy especially the straw structure. By means of the comminuting device 20 according to the invention, a more meterable and combustible raw material is produced than in the case of known devices.
- the shredding device according to the invention for processing straw bales can be advantageously used, for example, both in the industrial or commercial area and in the non-commercial area.
- the present invention may be practiced with more or fewer auger shafts, such as six auger shafts for larger straw bales, depending on the size of the straw bales being processed.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Verarbeiten von im Wesentlichen halmförmiger Biomasse, insbesondere Stroh und Heu. Die Erfindung betrifft insbesondere eine Vorrichtung zum Zerkleinern von Stroh oder Heu in Form von Ballen, um das so zerkleinerte Stroh oder Heu einem Heizkessel zuzuführen.The invention relates to a device for processing substantially hemi-shaped biomass, in particular straw and hay. In particular, the invention relates to a device for shredding straw or hay in the form of bales in order to feed the thus shredded straw or hay to a boiler.
Der Begriff Stroh ist ein Sammelbegriff für ausgedroschene und anschließend getrocknete Halme und Stängel, im engeren Sinn von jeglichen Feldfrüchten (vor allem Getreide), im weiteren Sinn aber auch von Hülsenfrüchten, Öl- und Faserpflanzen. Das meiste Stroh wird als Humus- und Nährstoffquelle in den Boden landwirtschaftlicher Nutzflächen eingearbeitet, entweder direkt nach der Ernte der Feldfrüchte oder -- vermischt mit Tierexkrementen als Mist - nachdem es als Einstreu genutzt wurde. Einige Stroharten dienen auch als nährstoffarme Futtermittel.The term straw is a collective term for threshed and then dried stalks and stems, in the narrower sense of any crops (especially cereals), in the broader sense but also of legumes, oil and fiber plants. Most of the straw is incorporated into the soil of agricultural land as a source of humus and nutrients, either directly after harvesting the crops or - mixed with animal excrement as manure - after being used as litter. Some straws also serve as nutrient-poor feed.
Stroh kann jedoch auch sinnvoll als Brennstoff genutzt werden, da der Heizwert von Stroh nicht wesentlich geringer als der von Holz ist. In Deutschland fallen pro Jahr etwa 50 Mio. Tonnen Getreide-, Körnermais- und Rapsstroh an. Langfristig ließen sich davon 25 Prozent energetisch nutzen, was einer Energiemenge von 190 Petajoule entspricht. Stroh kann hoch verdichtet zu Ballen (beispielsweise in Form von quaderförmigen Ballen oder Rundballen) zusammengepresst werden, die dann einen Heizwert von etwa 5000 kWh pro Tonne besitzen. Ein mit solchen Ballen beladener Lkw kann genauso viel Energie transportieren wie ein Holzlaster. Auf diese Weise kann mit relativ wenig Transportverkehr Stroh zusammengesammelt werden. Die Qualität des Strohs (Feuchtigkeit, Rückstände) ist entscheidend für die Brenneigenschaften und abhängig vom Erntewetter.However, straw can also be meaningfully used as fuel, since the calorific value of straw is not significantly lower than that of wood. In Germany, about 50 million tonnes of grain, grain corn and rapeseed straw accumulate each year. Long term left 25 percent of them use energy, which corresponds to an energy amount of 190 petajoules. Straw can be compressed into highly compressed bales (for example in the form of rectangular bales or round bales), which then have a calorific value of about 5000 kWh per tonne. A truck loaded with such bales can transport just as much energy as a wood truck. In this way, straw can be collected together with relatively little transport traffic. The quality of the straw (moisture, residues) is decisive for the burning properties and depending on the harvesting weather.
Es gibt bei der Strohverbrennung in Heizkraftanlagen jedoch einige technische Herausforderungen. Die Beschickung und Dosierung der Feuerungsanlagen mit Stroh ist aufwändig. Um Verschlackungen zu vermeiden, muss die Qualität des Strohs hoch sein, der Brennraum besonders ausgestaltet und die elektronische Kesselsteuerung angepasst sein. Es gibt zwar seit einiger Zeit auch Strohpellets, die man wie Holzhackschnitzel einsetzen kann, jedoch verschärft die novellierte "Erste Bundesimmisionsschutzverordnung" die Grenzwerte für kleinere und mittlere Feuerungsanlagen. Um Stickoxide und Feinstaub zurückzuhalten, sind oftmals kostspielige Rauchgasfiltersysteme notwendig. Deshalb sind geeignete Öfen im Vergleich zu Holzkesseln kostspieliger und lohnen sich eher bei höheren Heizleistungen. Die Nutzung von Stroh zum Heizen in kleinen Anlagen wie z.B. Pelletheizungen ist noch sehr schwierig.However, there are some technical challenges with straw combustion in heating plants. The feeding and dosing of the firing systems with straw is complex. In order to avoid slagging, the quality of the straw must be high, the combustion chamber must be specially designed and the electronic boiler control system adjusted. Although straw pellets, which can be used like wood chips, have been available for some time now, the amended "First Bundesimmision Protection Ordinance" has tightened the limits for small and medium-sized combustion plants. In order to retain nitrogen oxides and fine dust, costly flue gas filter systems are often necessary. Therefore, suitable ovens are more expensive compared to wood boilers and are more likely to be worthwhile at higher heat outputs. The use of straw for heating in small installations such. Pellet heating is still very difficult.
Der Wirkungsgrad bzw. die Effizienz einer mit Stroh betriebenen Heizanlage hängt unter anderem davon ab, in welcher Form das Stroh der Heizanlage zugeführt wird und wie dieses dosiert ist. Von der Firma Linka aus Dänemark ist hierzu eine Beschickungsanlage mit einer einwelligen Zerspaneinrichtung bekannt, die eine mit Messern versehene Welle sowie ein Lochsieb umfasst. Bei dieser bekannten Beschickungsanlage werden die Strohhalme aufgrund der mangelnden Bewegung kaum zerkleinert, sondern lediglich aus einem Ballen herausgezogen, d.h. der Strohhalm bleibt im Wesentlichen ganz, wird lediglich in der Länge behandelt und kaum gebrochen, was zu einer ungünstigen, da ungleichförmigen Dosierung führt.The efficiency or the efficiency of a straw-operated heating system depends inter alia on the form in which the straw is fed to the heating system and how this is dosed. Linka of Denmark has disclosed for this purpose a charging system with a single-shaft cutting device which comprises a shaft provided with knives and a perforated screen. In this known charging system, the straws are hardly crushed due to the lack of movement, but only pulled out of a bale, ie the straw remains substantially whole, is only treated in length and hardly broken, resulting in an unfavorable, as non-uniform dosage.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es somit, eine verbesserte Vorrichtung zum Aufbereiten von Stroh oder Heu in Form eines Ballens für eine Heinzanlage bereitzustellen.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved apparatus for processing straw or hay in the form of a bale for a Heinzanlage.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zum Verarbeiten von Strohballen gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung umfasst mehrere Schneckenwellen mit jeweils einer Schneckenwendel, entlang deren Umfang eine Vielzahl von Schneidmessern in Umfangsrichtung abstehen. Ferner umfasst die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung ein Lochsieb mit einer Vielzahl von Löchern. Dabei sind die Schneckenwellen derart in einem Rahmen angeordnet, dass die Schneckenwellen im Betrieb Stroh aus einem der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zugeführten Strohballen herausziehen, in einen Verarbeitungsraum befördern, der durch die Schneckenwellen, den Rahmen und das Lochsieb definiert wird, und das Stroh in dem Verarbeitungsraum so lange zerkleinern, bis dieses durch die Löcher des Lochsiebs abgeführt werden kann.The object is achieved by a crushing device for processing straw bales according to claim 1. The comminution device comprises a plurality of screw shafts, each having a helix, along the circumference of which a plurality of cutting blades protrude in the circumferential direction. Further, the crushing device comprises a perforated screen having a plurality of holes. In this case, the worm shafts are arranged in a frame such that the worm shafts in operation draw straw from a straw bale fed to the comminuting device, convey it into a processing space defined by the worm shafts, the frame and the perforated wire, and the straw in the processing space for so long crush until it can be removed through the holes of the perforated screen.
Vorzugsweise umfasst die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung vier Schneckenwellen, die in dem Rahmen im Wesentlichen derart übereinander angeordnet sind, dass deren Längsachsen parallele und senkrecht zu der Zuführrichtung eines Strohballens verlaufen, wobei die Achsen der ersten, d.h. obersten, Schneckenwelle und der dritten Schneckenwelle in einer gedachten vertikal verlaufenden ersten Ebene liegen und die Achsen der vierten, d.h. untersten, Schneckenwelle und der zweiten Schneckenwelle in einer gedachten vertikal verlaufenden zweiten Ebene liegen, die von der Ebene horizontal versetzt ist. Vorzugsweise haben die zweite Schneckenwelle und die vierte Schneckenwelle einen geringeren Abstand zum vertikal verlaufenden Lochsieb als die erste Schneckenwelle und die dritte Schneckenwelle.Preferably, the shredding device comprises four screw shafts, which are arranged in the frame substantially in such a way that their longitudinal axes are parallel and perpendicular to the feed direction of a straw bale, wherein the axes of the first, i. the upper, worm shaft and the third worm shaft lie in an imaginary vertical first plane and the axes of the fourth, i. bottom, worm shaft and the second worm shaft lie in an imaginary vertically extending second plane, which is offset horizontally from the plane. Preferably, the second worm shaft and the fourth worm shaft are spaced closer to the vertical perforated wire than the first worm shaft and the third worm shaft.
Vorzugsweise ist die relative Anordnung der Schneckenwellen in dem Rahmen derart, dass die Schneidmesser einer Schneckenwelle und die Schneidmesser einer unmittelbar benachbarten Schneckenwelle ineinander greifen, so dass der Raum zwischen zwei unmittelbar benachbarten Schneckenwellen, der nicht von einem Schneidmesser erfasst wird, möglichst klein gehalten wird bzw. auf ein Mindestmaß reduziert wird. Durch diese Anordnung der Schneckenwellen wird erreicht, dass das Stroh gleichmäßig aus den Ballen herausgeschnitten wird und keine großen Pressenhübe herausgerissen werden. Die Strohhalme werden dabei ausgespreizt.Preferably, the relative arrangement of the worm shafts in the frame is such that the cutting blades of a worm shaft and the cutting blades of an immediately adjacent worm shaft intermesh, so that the space between two immediately adjacent worm shafts, which is not detected by a cutting blade, is kept as small as possible is reduced to a minimum. This arrangement of the screw shafts ensures that the straw is cut out of the bales evenly and no large press strokes are torn out. The straws are spread out.
Vorzugsweise besteht die Wendel einer Schneckenwelle aus zwei Wendelabschnitten mit entgegen gesetzter Gängigkeit, die jeweils von einem Ende der Schneckenwelle zu deren Mitte verlaufen.Preferably, the helix of a worm shaft consists of two helical sections with opposite accessibility, each extending from one end of the worm shaft to the center thereof.
Weiter bevorzugt sind die Schneidmesser jeweils in einem Winkelabstand von 90 Grad entlang des Umfangs der Wendel einer Schneckenwelle angebracht und weisen die Form eines Dreiecks mit zwei Schneidkanten zum Zerkleinern des Strohs auf.More preferably, the cutting blades are each mounted at an angular distance of 90 degrees along the circumference of the helix of a worm shaft and have the shape of a triangle with two cutting edges for crushing the straw.
Vorzugsweise ist die erfindungsgemäße Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung Teil einer Beschickungsanlage, die ballenförmige Biomassen, z.B. Strohballen, aufnimmt, die Biomasse zerkleinert und einer Heizanlage zuführt, in der die zerkleinerte Biomasse zum Heizen verwendet wird.Preferably, the crushing device according to the invention is part of a feed system which comprises baleous biomass, e.g. Bales of straw, absorbs the biomass crushed and fed to a heating system in which the crushed biomass is used for heating.
Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung und bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden gegenständlichen Beschreibung, den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche und den Zeichnungen.Further advantages of the invention and preferred embodiments will become apparent from the following objective description, the features of the subclaims and the drawings.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in den beigefügten Zeichnungen dargestellt.
-
Figur 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Beschickungslange mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zum Verarbeiten von Strohballen gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung. -
Figur 2 zeigt eine Seiteansicht der Beschickungsanlage vonFigur 1 .
-
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a feed length with a crushing device according to the invention for processing bales of straw according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 2 shows a side view of the charging system ofFIG. 1 ,
Die
Die
Die
Die
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform näher erläutert werden.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment.
In den
Die Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 20 zum Verarbeiten von Strohballen sowie deren Komponenten sind im Detail in den
Die vier Schneckenwellen 22a, 22b, 22c und 22d sind in einem Rahmen 24 im Wesentlichen derart übereinander angeordnet, dass deren Längsachsen parallel und senkrecht zu der Zuführrichtung eines Strohballens verlaufen. Wie sich dies jedoch insbesondere der
Wie dies der Fachmann erkennt, verlaufen die Ebene E1, in der die Achsen der ersten Schneckenwelle 22a und der dritten Schneckenwelle 22c liegen, und die Ebene E2 in der die Achsen der zweiten Schneckenwelle 22b und der vierten Schneckenwelle 22d liegen, parallel zu der vom Lochsieb 26 definierten Ebene. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Abstand der zweiten Schneckenwelle 22b und der vierten Schneckenwelle 22d vom Lochsieb 26 ungefähr zwischen 10 und 15 cm und am meisten bevorzugt ungefähr 12,5 cm. Vorzugsweise beträgt der Abstand der ersten Schneckenwelle 22a und der dritten Schneckenwelle 22c vom Lochsieb 26 ungefähr zwischen 20 und 30 cm und am meisten bevorzugt ungefähr 25 cm.As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the plane E1, in which the axes of the
Wie sich dies insbesondere den
Die relative Anordnung der Schneckenwellen 22a, 22b, 22c und 22d in dem Rahmen 24, die sich am besten den
Wie dies in
Wie sich dies insbesondere den
Obgleich die vorstehend beschriebene relative Anordnung und Ausgestaltung der Schneckenwellen 22a, 22b, 22c und 22d zu besonders vorteilhaften Ergebnissen bei der Verarbeitung von Stroh mit der erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 20 führen, erfasst die vorliegende Erfindung selbstverständlich auch solche Ausführungsformen, bei denen die einzelnen Wendeln der Schneckenwellen entweder nur rechtsgängig oder nur linksgängig sind, wobei die Gängigkeiten der Wendeln unmittelbar benachbarter Schneckenwelle entgegengesetzt zueinander oder gleich sein können sofern der Achsabstand der Schneckenwellen 22a, 22b, 22c und 22d entsprechend gewählt ist.Although the above-described relative arrangement and configuration of the
Vorzugsweise werden die Schneckenwellen 22a, 22b, 22c und 22d von einem 7,5 kW Getriebemotor (nicht dargestellt) angetrieben, der beispielsweise unterhalb des Rahmens 24 in der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 20 untergebracht sein kann. Nachdem vorstehend die wesentlichen Komponenten der erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 20 zum Verarbeiten von Strohballen sowie einer diese umfassenden βeschickungslange 10 beschrieben worden sind, soll nachstehend beschrieben werden, wie diese insbesondere zum Verarbeiten von Strohballen verwendet werden können. Gepresste Strohballen werden längs an das freie Ende des Tisches 13 der Zuführeinrichtung 12 gelegt. Gegebenenfalls vorhandene Stricke des Strohballens müssen entfernt werden. Mittels des Vorschubs, d.h. der Vorschubketten 14a, 14b, werden die Strohballen entlang des Tisches 13 dem Führungsrahmen 15 und somit der Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 20 zugeführt (siehe auch den horizontal verlaufenden, gepunkteten Pfeil in
Die erfindungsgemäße Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 20 hat die folgenden Vorteile. Im Gegensatz zu bekannten Vorrichtungen werden kürzere und in Längsrichtung gebrochene Halme mit zerstörter Wachsschicht an der Oberfläche hergestellt, die für eine gute Dosierung und eine Verbrennung in den Kesselanlagen wesentlich besser geeignet sind. Ferner können aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung der mit Schneidmessern 23 versehenen Schneckenwellen 22a, 22b, 22c und 22d die Schneidmesser 23 im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik erheblich häufiger das Stroh bearbeiten und somit deutlich besser kürzen und vor allem die Halmstruktur zerstören. Mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung 20 entsteht ein besser dosierbarer und brennbarer Rohstoff als bei bekannten Vorrichtungen.The crushing
Die vorstehende gegenständliche Beschreibung der Erfindung dient nur Erläuterungszwecken. Die Erfindung ist keinesfalls auf das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, sondern kann von einem Fachmann auf eine ihm zweckmäßig erscheinende Weise an individuelle Betriebsanfo-derungen angepaßt werden, die möglicherweise von den beschriebenen Betriebsbedingungen abweichen. Die erfindungsgemäße Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zum Verarbeiten von Strohballen kann beispielsweise sowohl im industriellen bzw. gewerblichen Bereich als auch im nichtgewerblichen Bereich vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden. Der Fachmann wird ferner erkennen, dass die vorliegende Erfindung statt mit den in der beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgesehenen vier Schneckenwellen je nach der Größe der zu bearbeitenden Strohballen auch mit mehr oder weniger Schneckenwellen verwirklicht werden kann, beispielsweise sechs Schneckenwellen bei größeren Strohballen. Schließlich wird der Fachmann erkennen, dass die hierin verwendeten Begriffe, wie "vorne" bzw. "hinten", "oben" bzw. "unten", "außen" bzw. "innen" und dergleichen, nicht dazu gedacht sind, die Orientierung der dadurch näher gekennzeichneten erfindungsgemäßen Elemente in irgendeiner Weise zu beschränken, sondern lediglich dazu dienen, diese Elemente von einander zu unterscheiden. Beispielsweise könnte die Beschickungsanlage auch so ausgestaltet sein, dass die Bewegungsrichtung der zu verarbeitenden Strohballen statt wie vorstehend beschrieben horizontal vertikal verläuft.The foregoing objective description of the invention is for explanatory purposes only. The invention is by no means based on the described embodiment but may be adapted by a person skilled in the art in a manner which appears expedient to him to individual operating requests, which may deviate from the described operating conditions. The shredding device according to the invention for processing straw bales can be advantageously used, for example, both in the industrial or commercial area and in the non-commercial area. Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that instead of the four auger shafts provided in the described preferred embodiment, the present invention may be practiced with more or fewer auger shafts, such as six auger shafts for larger straw bales, depending on the size of the straw bales being processed. Finally, those skilled in the art will recognize that the terms used herein, such as "front,""top,""bottom,""outside," and the like, are not intended to indicate the orientation of the In this way, the elements according to the invention which are specified in greater detail are restricted in any way, but merely serve to distinguish these elements from one another. For example, the charging system could also be designed so that the direction of movement of the straw bales to be processed instead of horizontally vertically as described above.
- 1010
- Beschickungsanlagestoker
- 1212
- Zuführeinrichtungfeeding
- 1313
- Tischtable
- 14a, 14b14a, 14b
- Vorschubkettenfeed chains
- 1515
- Führungsrahmenguide frame
- 1616
- FörderschneckeAuger
- 2020
- Zerkleinerungsvorrichtungcomminution device
- 22a-d22a-d
- Schneckenwellenauger
- 2323
- Schneidmessercutting blade
- 2424
- Rahmenframe
- 2323
- Lochsiebstrainer
- 2828
- Abdeckungcover
- RR
- Rotationsrichtung der SchneckenwellenRotation direction of the worm shafts
- E1, E2E1, E2
- erste und zweite vertikal verlaufende Ebenefirst and second vertical plane
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102009053083.5A DE102009053083B4 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2009-11-13 | Device for processing biomass |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2322856A2 true EP2322856A2 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
EP2322856A3 EP2322856A3 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
Family
ID=43550289
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP10014561.4A Withdrawn EP2322856A3 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2010-11-12 | Device for processing biomass |
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EP (1) | EP2322856A3 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009053083B4 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102305414A (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2012-01-04 | 赵会军 | High-speed straw bale breaking feeding machine |
CN104913317A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-16 | 内江市雨果生物科技有限公司 | Environmentally-friendly rice straw treating method |
CN107509483A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-26 | 嘉兴正森新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of small-sized reducing mechanism of biomass fuel |
EP3287698A1 (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-02-28 | FAUST ApS | Biomass boiler and method of using a biomass boiler |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107377167A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-24 | 四川重盟电力设备制造有限公司 | The crushing system of sieving approach all-in-one is arranged around ground coal bunker |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3915392A (en) * | 1973-08-17 | 1975-10-28 | Henry Dale Kugler | Bale hay chopper and shredder |
US3926378A (en) * | 1975-01-30 | 1975-12-16 | Blair Mfg Co | Hay stack disintegrating apparatus |
US3972484A (en) * | 1975-08-08 | 1976-08-03 | Blair Manufacturing Company | Hay stack disintegrating apparatus |
US5934578A (en) * | 1998-02-09 | 1999-08-10 | Harper Industries, Inc. | Rotary drum bale cutter with reprocessing chamber |
GB2390043A (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2003-12-31 | Clubbs Projects Ltd | Shredding apparatus to facilitate the burning of bales of packaging material |
-
2009
- 2009-11-13 DE DE102009053083.5A patent/DE102009053083B4/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-11-12 EP EP10014561.4A patent/EP2322856A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102305414A (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2012-01-04 | 赵会军 | High-speed straw bale breaking feeding machine |
CN102305414B (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2013-03-27 | 赵会军 | High-speed straw bale breaking feeding machine |
CN104913317A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-16 | 内江市雨果生物科技有限公司 | Environmentally-friendly rice straw treating method |
EP3287698A1 (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2018-02-28 | FAUST ApS | Biomass boiler and method of using a biomass boiler |
CN107509483A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-26 | 嘉兴正森新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of small-sized reducing mechanism of biomass fuel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102009053083B4 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
EP2322856A3 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
DE102009053083A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
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