EP2315979A2 - Capteur solaire - Google Patents

Capteur solaire

Info

Publication number
EP2315979A2
EP2315979A2 EP09785348A EP09785348A EP2315979A2 EP 2315979 A2 EP2315979 A2 EP 2315979A2 EP 09785348 A EP09785348 A EP 09785348A EP 09785348 A EP09785348 A EP 09785348A EP 2315979 A2 EP2315979 A2 EP 2315979A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solar collector
panel
conduit
shows
solar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09785348A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
James P. Flynn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2315979A2 publication Critical patent/EP2315979A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/74—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other
    • F24S10/746—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other the conduits being spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/75—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations
    • F24S10/754—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations the conduits being spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/02—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments for swimming pools
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/70—Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/60—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the structure or construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/04—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments for showers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/17—Arrangements of solar thermal modules combined with solar PV modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/18—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements having a particular shape, e.g. prismatic, pyramidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
    • F24S2025/011—Arrangements for mounting elements inside solar collectors; Spacers inside solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S2080/501—Special shape
    • F24S2080/502—Special shape in the form of multiple covering elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/40—Casings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to solar collectors, including heating a heat exchange fluid passed through flat panel or 3-D volumetric configurations.
  • Terminology The term 'collector' embraces heat absorption, conversion and collection or accumulation, but to associated or enabling heat exchange.
  • the general operating principle of a solar collector is absorption of incident solar radiation of certain wavelengths (largely in the infra-red spectrum) and conversion into heat energy, and entrapment or retention of heat, to secure over a modest time period a significant temperature rise in a fluid transfer medium, which is then circulated to another remote heat exchanger, heat reservoir or heat sink, such as (condenser) boiler pre-heater chamber.
  • Heat Exchange Medium largely in the infra-red spectrum
  • Water is a common low-cost, ubiquitous, liquid heat exchange medium, but other media, such as oil, could be used, for closed systems.
  • the thermal capacity or heat coefficient of the medium dictates the ultimate heat capacity and the rate of flow of the medium passage through flow conduit in the structure dictates the rate of heat transfer across the conduit section and wall thickness.
  • the medium itself is not usually directly consumed, except incidentally by evaporation, to compensate for which provision can be made for top-up replenishment.
  • the thermal mass of medium represents a reservoir or accumulator. Within the medium a temperature gradient is the driver for heat transfer. According to the nature of the medium, materials and operating temperature, regard has to be placed to issues or corrosion. Some medium volatility in vaporisation, condensation and venting may arise for high temperature elevation.
  • a heat exchanger i.e. for heat transfer between separated media
  • a heat exchanger allows absorption of (infra red spectrum) solar radiation, with thermal conduction, across or through a boundary wall or interface barrier, to an internal fluid heat exchange medium, conveniently such as water, in a closed (re-)circulation path, and convection within, and movement of, that medium once heated.
  • Collector design is concerned to promote collection and retention of solar radiation, its conversion to heat, heat retention, collection and transfer efficiency, without undue cost or heat loss. This, desirably, in a reasonably compact and robust format.
  • a solar collector with a 'flexible-wall' pipe conduit set in a mounting such as a complementary profiled former or backing layer, beneath a facing panel to create a bounded sandwich enclosure for heat entrapment.
  • the conduit can be run in a convoluted path, such as wound in a coil, to cover the exposed surface area, with minimal wasted voids.
  • the collector format could be 2-D / 3-D such as shallow-depth planar, or a pronounced 3-D volumetric form.
  • a conduit could be held captive, entrapped or sandwiched between opposed outer layers, such as individual sheets or multi-wall layers, sheets or panels, themselves mutually entrained by through-fasteners and/or a peripheral edge connector strip.
  • a conduit mounting or support could be a continuous former, such as a moulded thin wall sheet, a resiliently deformable bed (e.g. soft foam) beneath and between conduit runs and/or multiple discrete elements, say, clips or spacer pegs.
  • a flat or curvilinear sheet form or surface profile could be adopted for an outer facing layer either as an overlay or integrated with the body of the collector proper.
  • a translucent outer boundary wall allows incident radiation to pass through.
  • An example 'volumetrically-developed' 3-D form would be a conic section, such as a cone or truncated cone (i.e. frusto-conical).
  • a simpler alternative would be a hemisphere or dome.
  • a closed chamber collector format is desirable to serve as a 'heat (retention) box', heat reservoir, entrapment or sink for an array of collector tubes or conduit for heat exchange fluid.
  • a closed (re-)circulation circuit can be employed for the heat exchange medium, under force (e.g. pump driven), gravity or convection.
  • Metal conduit could be used for greater thermal conductivity and rate of heat transfer for a given temperature gradient to a heat exchange medium.
  • a more elaborate variant uses evacuated glass tubes within a closed chamber for heat entrapment.
  • a flat panel modular format such as one based upon and around a x1 M (one metre) square panel, with edge finishing and sealing, lends itself to a roof canopy, wall cladding or infill.
  • Panels could be self-supporting to some greater or lesser extent and/or rely upon a support framework, such as an open lattice defining a rectangular grid or matrix for in-fill panels.
  • An individual panel edge closure strip could feature mounting provision for (demountable, say quick-release or snap-action) fastening to such a frame grid as a support scaffold.
  • Connectors between the ends of conduit runs in individual panels could allow intercoupling, say in series and /or parallel, as part of a longer cumulative circulation and re-circulation path.
  • Photo-Voltaic (P-V) panels, strips, patches or local area elements can be included with the solar collector format, such as in spaces not occupied by conduit, for greater use of exposed surface area.
  • Electrical connectors for creating a wider circuit loop of P-V panels for collective or cumulative generation could be separate from or integrated with collector fluid conduit (inter)connectors.
  • collector fluid conduit (inter)connectors For an inherently low power (voltage and/or current) facility consideration could be given to using the heat exchange medium as one pole or polarity, such as a ground or earth.
  • Electrical power generated by P-V panels could be used to run an electric drive motor of a circulatory pump for the solar collector working heat exchange fluid.
  • collector and P-V panel elements in less differentiated overall structure could be contrived; albeit more feasible with a flat collector panel format.
  • An array of collectors can be stacked with some marginal overlap, say around a climbing spiral path about a central support column, rather like a spiral stairway, with panel frames cantilevered outward from an inboard point.
  • a pivot panel mounting about a radial axis for each panel would allow individual or collective (re-)orientation towards the sun. Synchronised panel rotation could be achieved with mechanical links, or a powered actuator for each panel could be fitted to a common spine.
  • Multi-Wall Sheet One proposed construction is of stacked layers of multi-wall sheet, with internal corrugations or flutes of an intermediate sandwich panel used as conduit for a water heat exchange medium.
  • an elaborate panel edge connector manifold is needed, with attendant problems of sealing an extended boundary against leakage. Cycles of temperature change and differential material thermal expansion coefficients aggravate the sealing challenge. Leaks of heat exchange medium reduce the thermal transfer performance of the collector, allow excessive local heat build up and cause staining.
  • one or both outer panels are of pre-fabricated parallel internally-fluted cellular multi-wall (translucent) plastics (polycarbonate) construction.
  • the multi-wall sheet internal corrugations or flutes of one face can advantageously be orthogonal to those on the opposite face, to bolster overall panel stiffness.
  • the Applicant envisages adoption of a laminated sandwich panel using multi-wall sheet as an insulating and heat retention barrier for outer containment of an internal heat exchanger filling. That is internal flutes or corrugations themselves need not be used as conduit passages for heat exchange medium, so end seal is unnecessary.
  • a prefabricated open lattice frame entire building complex could be contrived with selective local infil collector panels for walls and roof.
  • a modular multi-wall panel in an (edge) sealed or encapsulated cartridge format is adaptable in planform shape, size and internal pipe layout to available space.
  • Panels of proprietary prefabricated multi-wall sheeting such as used for roofing, cladding, lining, water-proofing, glazing, display or decorative infill are envisaged for economy in panel form, although a dedicated or bespoke cross-sectional profile could be contrived for optimal performance.
  • a multiple discrete panel stack has outer panels bounding a closely-confined intermediate inner compartment, set at generally mid-depth.
  • This inner compartment accommodates an internal heat exchanger sub-assembly of convoluted coiled flexible pipe run along with a pipe location and/or support mat.
  • the inner compartment is closed, even (hermetically) sealed, at its peripheral bounding edges, again to bolster thermal retention.
  • the principle is to optimise absorption of incident solar radiation and its conversion to heat, to retain temporarily for onward transfer a fluid heat exchange medium, conveniently water.
  • a substantial thermal mass helps an even, stable, elevated fluid temperature, for onward transfer to a heat sink, such as a boiler pre-heater.
  • a circuitous heat exchange medium pathway within a flexible conduit, such as plastics pipe or tubing, is configured, say, by bending, folding or forming, to fit (snugly) within the compartment.
  • Tube could simply and conveniently be laid upon a preformed groove or recess in a location mat, serving as a bounding restraint or former. Local spacer and location pegs could also be used for pipe walls.
  • a spiral (or toroidal) wound coil is a convenient compact (inter-nested) form. Stacked, overlaid, repeated alternating or reverse folds can be used.
  • the tube (internal and external) diameter and wall thickness are optimised for self-support and heat transfer. Capacity + Flow Rate
  • the mass of fluid, its thermal coefficient(s) (such as specific heat, specific enthalpy, absorption and conduction) and flow rate combine to dictate heat capacity and thermodynamic efficiency of operation.
  • a shallow grooved or fluted track or pathway can be used for pipe or conduit location and guidance.
  • Such flutes can run longitudinally, laterally, diagonally or in an open or closed (say, curved or polygonal) circuitous path.
  • Flute depth could be (marginally) less than, equal to, or greater than tube depth.
  • Resilient tube wall deformation or flex could be relied upon for a snap-action (modest compression and relaxation) interference fit of tubing within such flutes.
  • a complementary profile grooved location mat could be interposed between outer bounding sheets to support and bridge between limbs of convoluted heat exchanger tubing.
  • Multiple discrete spacers such as studs or pillars, cushion bolster pads, could be interposed between both outer panels for mutual bracing and support.
  • One-sided or through fasteners such as screws or bolts, could secure spacers to either or both panels.
  • an adhesive or solvent bonded attachment could be used.
  • Profiled Tube Wall A profiled, say fluted or ribbed (say, continuous protruding longitudinal rib), tube outer and/or inner wall surface, such as might be achieved by extrusion, can be used for increased surface area and to help location between marginally-spaced, opposed plates and in relation to a complementary profile grooved location mat, cushion, bolster, mask or tray.
  • a (matt) black coating could be applied to the outer tube surfaces and to the inner face of the rear panel and/or locator / guidance mat, for greater absorbency.
  • a silvered (mirror) reflective layer (painted or vacuum deposited) could be applied to the inner face of the rear panel (in relation to intended orientation towards the sun) to bounce back incident radiation into the internal cell.
  • a combination of silvered reflective backing layer and black tubing surface could be used.
  • a matrix grid array of multiple discrete spacers or bridges can be used for panel separation, with the pipe routed around and/or between spacers.
  • Spacer outer edge peripheral profile could itself be grooved for complementary interfit with tube outer wall.
  • Tubing ends for individual tube runs and/or panels would terminate with connectors or ports, with optional flow regulator, ON-OFF or one-way valves, for joining with a wider circulation routing path, manifold or network.
  • a snap action fit connector would be convenient for fitting and changing panel interconnection.
  • Serial and/or parallel routings could be used, with say quick-return loops combined with longer pathways.
  • Each fluid transition through a panel boosts or re-charges tube core temperature.
  • Re-circulation could be used as a temperature boost measure, continued until the fluid temperature comes close to that of the panel body.
  • An individual or combined routing map or layout based upon permutations or combinations of interconnection of a standard panel module, could be devised to suit an individual installation and its particular heating requirements.
  • An insulated outer sheath or sleeve could be fitted to pipe runs externally of and in between the panels. Valves, taps or stop-cocks for system fill and drainage could be fitted to pipe run or stub ends.
  • Anticipated preferred panel sizes would include a nominal 1 metre square, or a rectangular nominal 1 m x 2m panel.
  • top outer sheet nominal thickness would be some 16mm, but could be in a range from 4mm to 35mm.
  • Internal conduit or pipe nominal spacing could be some 10mm to 15mm for a relatively thin or shallow depth domestic panel.
  • a nominal spacing of some 30mm to 35mm could apply.
  • a nominal undertray thickness of some 1.5mm to 3.0mm could be employed.
  • a bottom insulating layer could be nominally 16mm, but in the range 10mm to 35mm.
  • An overall panel thickness or depth could be circa 25 mm if using a single skin top sheet, up to circa 110mm for a (heavily) insulated panel.
  • the normal thickness envisaged is circa 40mm for domestic use and circa 60mm for swimming pools and such heavier duty use.
  • a particular laminated sandwich panel construction say, with a convenient panel area of some 0.5m, could have a front and rear panel depth or thickness nominally of circa 16mm and a panel spacing nominally of 12-13 mm, to accommodate a pipe of nominally circa 10 mm external diameter mounted upon a nominally circa 2 mm depth vacuum-formed backing mat.
  • Edge Profile + Pipe Routing is an important consideration in incident (infra red) radiation transfer and conversion into heat for a temperature rise along with heat transfer through the body of a panel and innards to a heat exchanger fluid medium such as water.
  • a pipe mounting mat with a contoured surface contributes to increased surface area both for absorption and conduction.
  • the bounding peripheral edge is closed or blanked-off with a closure and finishing strip or seal, for heat retention, albeit with occasional modest intervals to encompass a pipe or pipe end connector, whose routing internally within the closed intermediate panel cell admits of considerable variation.
  • Polycarbonate or aluminium material is suitable for such edging, but resilient deformable seals, such as of flattened large diameter tubing or bespoke moulded or extruded forms could be fitted.
  • a circular, spiral, elliptical (or indeed other conic section, such as parabolic, hyperbolic etc) pipe or conduit routing path is convenient as one arising naturally from pipe winding in a coil about itself or a core former.
  • Such pipe may sit freely between, in contact with or even adhesively bonded to the inner wall or skin surfaces of either or both outer panels.
  • a plastics pipe material is convenient, but metal might be employed, as is more commonplace in wider solar panel art. Overall, a shallow depth, closed format, polycarbonate box enclosure is achieved. Backing Sheet or Plate Texture
  • a backing sheet or plate, mat or cushion layer with a 'textured' (say shallow dimpled or corrugated) surface affords enhanced surface area, to promote heat transfer.
  • a simplified panel format can feature a single sheet of multiwall polycarbonate material upon a shallow recessed tray with grooves shaped and sized correspondingly to fit smaller diameter flexible conduit.
  • the cover sheet of say 10-16mm depth, could be bonded to the peripheral edge lip of the tray, supplemented by some modest mechanical (say, bolt) fasteners.
  • the conduit could enter from the rear through apertures in the mounting tray wall, rather than the edge, allowing a snug drop-fit in a peripheral mounting and support frame. According to the conduit routing and mounting groove configuration, residual flat lands arise which can serve as potential adhesive bonding to a juxtaposed panel.
  • a conduit could be within grooves or recesses or grooves in the tray profile.
  • a recessed passage or conduit location, mounting and support tray could feature integrally moulded and/or bonded in situ connector ports for conduit connection.
  • a convenient conduit or pipe is some 25.4mm inner diameter (i/d,) and some 30.4mm outer diameter (o/d) ribbed, serrated or corrugated profile flexible PVC pipe; but larger or smaller sizes could be used.
  • a uniform or a mixed (serial) combination of different sizes and/or profiles could be used in different situations
  • the PVC pipe material itself imposes an ultimate temperature limitation of 65-70 degrees C, so is not suitable for small diameters with a high temperature rise, such as domestic hot water heating, for which smaller diameter polyethylene pipe of say 10mm, 12mm or 15mm o/d is suitable.
  • Polyethylene is less flexible than PVC, so the coil diameter is greater.
  • a temperature gradient along a flow path might be tolerated, with some collectors operating for a while at somewhat higher temperatures than others, but over time an equilibrium 'even' condition can be established.
  • An impermeable wall precludes leakage, but in certain specialist installations, local membrane permeability could be employed, say as a controlled exhaust pressure relief bleed to an evaporator, as an occasional emergency overload safety measure for excessive temperature and expansion or vaporisation of heat exchange medium. This could serve rather like a slow reaction or 'slow-blow' fuse.
  • multiple discrete individual resilient spring pipe mounting clips can be employed, say fitted to a rear backing tray. Such clips could also serve as supplementary intermediate spacers and bracing elements between face panel and backing tray.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of a solar panel of sandwich construction with an intermediate 'filling' of flexible conduit (piping), sat upon a reflective and/or heat absorbing base layer in a circuitous arrangement; in-flow and out-flow connectors being positioned together at the circumferential edge;
  • piping flexible conduit
  • Figure 2 sequence shows scrap sectional views of variants of the solar panel and conduit of Figure 1 ; More specifically ...
  • FIG 2A shows a cross-sectional view across A-A' of Figure 1 ; conduits channelling heat exchange fluid (in this case liquid) flow are disposed between upper translucent protective cover layer and a (reflective) base layer, and embedded in a defined path of profiled grooves or recesses in a spacer material; incident infra-red/solar radiation passes through the upper layer, and is absorbed as heat and carried away by the heat exchange liquid flow, or reflected back internally by the base layer or absorbed by a black coating; the intention being to retain heat in the external structure without wasted leakage back to the external environment to promote a greater temperature gradient for heat transfer to the heat exchange medium;
  • Figure 2B and 2C show example alternate spacing of conduit channels; either adjacent [circa, say, 5-15mm apart] or spaced [circa,, say, over 25mm apart];
  • Figures 2D and 2E show example alternate upper face layer depth; either slim-line [circa 10mm] or thick [circa 25mm] - dependent upon transparent or insulating qualities required; as described later, a multi-wall sheet may be used for either one or both layers;
  • Figures 2F and 2G show example alternate conduit thickness and channel volume; either thin-wall conduit with a relatively large channel diameter, or thick-walled conduit with a relatively narrow channel diameter - dependant upon insulating qualities and pressure of liquid-flow required;
  • Figure 2H shows installation of flexible conduit piping into the defined channel path of the spacer material; the channel path profile and deformable wall hollow piping allows for insertion of the tubing with downward applied pressure, and retention thereafter; the profile detail could be adjusted to facilitate manufacture by vacuum forming, by obviating undercuts; alternatively a split of multi-part injection moulding tool could be used, albeit at greater cost.
  • Figure 21 shows example variety of conduit cross-section profiles including, triangle (with abrupt or rounded edges), oval, semi-circle and arc;
  • Figure 2J shows a conduit cross-section with deformable walls to accommodate expansion upon freezing of internal heat exchange medium
  • Figure 2K shows a conduit expansion 'fuse' element allowing local enlargement to relieve overall internal pressure build up;
  • Figure 3 shows a solar panel with conduit placement in an extended or distended circuitous squashed or flattened spiral or ovoid configuration, without risk of conduit wall kinks or discontinuities;
  • Figure 4 shows solar panel of disc form upon a raised plinth or ledge, with conduit on both upper and circumferential edge surfaces;
  • Figure 5 shows stacked multiple layered solar panels with a shared in-flow and outflow connectors; this lends itself to a 3-D envelope, with a corresponding series of internested pre-formed conical moulded shells, say of vacuum-formed polycarbonate shells, mounted upon respective base plates with spiral pipe coils upon a multi-wall polycarbonate base;
  • Figure 6A through 6D sequence shows alternate in-flow and out-flow configurations; More specifically;
  • Figure 6A shows a solar panel conduit with an out-flow connector located outboard of a spiral configuration, and in-flow connector leading to the inner spiral;
  • Figure 6B shows a solar panel conduit with in-flow and out-flow connectors both located outboard of the spiral configuration
  • Figure 6C shows a solar panel with dual conduit channels, and corresponding two sets of inflow and outflow connectors, along with a joining hub;
  • Figure 6D shows a side perspective view of a solar panel of Figure 6C;
  • FIGS 7A through 7E show variant solar panel formats and mutual juxtaposition
  • Figure 7A shows a linear array of multiple discrete solar panels, with interconnected respective internal conduits and a shared liquid flow in a larger overall circuit
  • Figure 7B shows two discrete panels mutually offset as part of a curved array
  • Figure 7C shows a lozenged panel form
  • Figure 7D shows a trapezoidal panel form
  • Figure 7E shows another polygonal panel form
  • Figure 8 shows a linear array of multiple discrete solar panels, with snap fit or jigsaw edge profile, to allow for selective interconnection of otherwise discrete panel units;
  • Figure 9 shows a series of panels with surface curvature, in this case a sinusoidal ripple effect, with curvilinear edge profile for complementary mutual interfitting juxtaposition; the out-flow connector on a preceding panel, joins with the inflow of the next panel, extending the overall circuit flow path for heat exchange medium;
  • FIGS 10A through 12B show positioning and roof mounting of single or multiple solar panels, to optimise sunlight capture; More specifically...
  • Figure 1OA shows two solar panels, juxtaposed at a mutual obtuse angle, for example over a gabled roof pitch, to capture more sunlight throughout a 24 hour day, i.e. sun- path from (Northern Hemisphere) sunrise in East to sunset in West;
  • Figure 10B shows a perspective view of two juxtaposed solar panels as depicted in Figure 10A;
  • Figure 11 A shows a solar panel set upon a wedge-shaped pedestal, in turn mounted upon a roof; the wedge allowing for prime positioning of the solar panel in relation to incident solar rays;
  • Figure 11 B shows a perspective view of solar panel mounted on a wedge-shaped pedestal as depicted in Figure 11 A;
  • Figure 12 A shows a shallow arcuate solar panel to capture solar radiation over a 24 hour day with or without tracking
  • FIG 12B shows a perspective view of a solar panel as depicted in Figure 12A;
  • Figure 13 sequence shows expanded assembly views of a solar panel unit; More specifically....
  • Figure 13A shows a fully exploded view of a solar panel, showing upper layer, flexible piping conduit, mounting spacer, and base layer;
  • Figure 13B shows a solar panel of Figure 13A, with mounting mat laid upon a base layer and common side edge inlet and outlet ports;
  • Figure 13C shows a local enlarged sectional (open) edge detail of a multi-wall panel as an upper sandwich layer
  • Figure 13D shows a local enlargement detail of a closed panel edge
  • Figure 13E shows conduit fitted into corresponding groove or recess in a dedicated mounting and spacer layer sandwiched between base and upper layers;
  • Figures 14A through 14N show scrap sectional views of various conduit location and mounting arrangements in relation to outer panels
  • Figures 14A, C, E, G, I, and K (presented to the left hand column of Figures) show a separator bridge block spacer between opposite outer layers or as an upstand from one layer;
  • Figures 14B, D, F, H, J, L and N (presented to the right hand column of Figures) show outer panels separated by intervening conduit and conduit mounting or a conduit upstand from one layer;
  • Figures 14A through 14D show a conduit mounting pad, such as a bonded resilient cushion buffer, to one side;
  • Figures 14E and 14F show a conduit mounting, such as a resilient cushion buffer, to opposite sides;
  • Figures 14G through 14J show conduit immersion in a buffer layer, such as a resiliently deformable foam
  • Figures 14K through 14N show a single sided panel, surmounted by conduit in the case of Figures 14K and 14L or depending in the case of Figures 14M and 14N;
  • FIGS 15A through 15H show scrap sections of various solar panel edge treatments
  • Figure 15A shows a perspective view of solar panel unit with a 'U' or 'C section edge closure and mounting strips
  • Figure 15B shows a cross sectional view of Figure 15A along the broken line with passive edging
  • Figure 15C shows a cross sectional view of Figure 15A with a robust edge gripping strip with internal jaw grip profile
  • Figure 15D shows a solar panel with a bowed deformable edging seal
  • Figure 15E shows a solar panel with peripheral bridging spacer strip
  • Figure 15F shows a solar panel unit with a thin, -wall plane moulded conduit tray
  • Figure 15G shows a mounting tray with pronounced raised edge flange as a spacer between outer panels
  • Figure 15H shows solar panel unit with a thin, plane moulder spacer, extended to form a containment edge
  • Figure 16A through 16D show diverse conduit cross-sections; More specifically ...
  • Figure 16A shows a conduit with radial protruding outer ribs;
  • Figure 16B shows a conduit with opposed diametral side fins;
  • Figure 16C shows a conduit with pronounced outer corrugations or flutes for increased surface area
  • Figure 16D shows a conduit with twin diametral opposed lateral wings, also affording a mounting opportunity
  • Figures 17A through 17D show variant conduit fins for mounting interaction with a complementary recessed sheet
  • Figures 17A shows a slim depending conduit rib deployed as a mounting spigot in an underlying panel with complementary recess
  • Figures 17B shows a bulbous depending conduit rib variant of Figure 17A
  • Figures 17C shows a opposed slim conduit ribs located in complementary recesses in opposed outer panels and lateral slots in an intermediate spacer layer;
  • Figures 17D shows a bulbous rib profile variant of Figure 17D
  • Figures 18A and 18B shows internally reflective conduit wall coatings; an alternative being a black absorbent coating
  • Figure 18A shows a conduit with an upper translucent and lower reflective (or absorbent) layer or coating
  • Figure 18B shows a conduit with a lower outer reflective(or absorbent) layer or coating
  • Figures 19A through 19C show a flat panel collector module of twin opposed panels of multi-wall sheet as outer containment layers in a sandwich with intervening captured conduit coil and coil location tray with complementary profiled recesses, bounded by a peripheral edge closure and mounting strip penetrated by opposed connector ports; More specifically ...
  • Figure 19A shows a 3-D perspective view of an assembly with edge closure and mounting
  • Figure 19B shows a 3-D perspective view of an assembly such as of Figure 19A, but open-edged, that is without an edging strip;
  • Figure 19C shows a section along the chain dotted line of Figure 19C;
  • Figure 20 shows an exploded view of the panel assembly of Figures 19A-C;
  • Figures 21 A through 21 G show a conical collector configuration with interfitting hollow upper and lower outer shells and intervening conduit wound in a spiral coil;
  • Figure 21 A shows a 3-D perspective view of a stepped or ridged profile outer shell or housing cover
  • Figure 21 B shows a section along the chain line of Figure 21 A;
  • Figure 21 C shows a side elevation of a 'smooth' outer cover option;
  • Figure 21 D shows a side elevation of a stepped, ridge or terrace profile inner former;
  • Figure 21 E shows a sectional view of a conduit coil;
  • Figure 21 F shows a sectional view of an inner former with a conduit location and mounting recess or groove
  • Figure 21 G shows a side elevation of a tracking collector upon a gimbal swivel mount to follow the path of the sun over the sky;
  • Figures 22A through 22D show a combined solar collector an photo-voltaic panel More specifically ...
  • Figure 22A shows a 3-D perspective external view;
  • Figure 22B shows a sectional view of the composite collector of Figure 22Awith an internal pump (not sectioned) for heat exchange medium circulation through a conduit coil wrapped around the internal former;
  • Figure 22C shows a variant of Figure 22A surmounting a polygonal plinth with photovoltaic cells mounted upon side faces;
  • Figure 22D shows shows a sectional view of the collector of Figure 22C with an internal rechargeable battery (not sectioned) connected to the photo-voltaic panel(s);
  • Figure 23 shows a 3-D perspective view of a conical collector surmounting a cylindrical drum housing or tank;
  • Figures 24A through 24C show optional applications for the drum format of Figure 23; More specifically ... Figure 24A shows a telescopic cylindrical barrel housing of interfitting sleeves for depth variability;
  • Figure 24B shows an upright or vertical section through the variable capacity tank housing of Figure 24A;
  • Figure 24C shows an inverse or inverted conical collector inverted within a collapsed or shallow depth drum of corresponding overall depth
  • Figure 25 shows a collector drum juxtaposed alongside a corresponding rainwater collection drum fed by a downpipe, with optional connector ports to a collector tank;
  • Figures 26A and 26B show a shower cubicle surmounted by a conical collector and storage tank; More specifically ...
  • Figure 26A shows an external view of a personal shower cubicle with side access door
  • Figure 26B shows a vertical section through Figure 26A, revealing uppermost conical collector, upper tank and underlying cubicle with lower collector tray;
  • Figures 27A through 27D show a variant cylindrical drum enclosures surmounted by a circular profile flat panel collector with coiled conduit;
  • Figure 27A shows a 3-D perspective outer view of a tall upright cylinder format underlying tank chamber and shower cubicle
  • Figure 27B shows a 3-D perspective outer view of a shallow depth stubby or squat cylindrical tank format surmounted by a circular profile flat panel collector with conduit coil;
  • Figure 27C shows a sectional view of the tank of Figure 27C with shower head integrated into the underside floor panel;
  • Figure 27D shows a 3-D perspective outer view of an expandable bellows format tank;
  • Part-spherical, e.g. hemi-spherical profiles could be substituted for the conical forms in the Figures 21 through 26 variants.
  • Figures 28A and 28B show rectangular, such as square, format integrated tanks and flat panel / spiral coil wound conduit collectors;
  • Figure 28A shows a 3-D perspective outer view of a shower cubicle and integrated overhead water tank with gravity feed to a discharge nozzle all surmounted or overlaid by a circular profile flat panel collector with spiral wound conduit coil;
  • Figure 28B shows a sectional view of the cabinet of Figure 28A with optional elevating roof panel deployed; along with floor drainage and optional collection for discharge or re-circulation where (water) is scarce;
  • Figures 29A and 29B show 'habitat' building structures with a solar collector shell or skin fabric
  • Figure 29A shows a larger scale igloo or beehive format to that surmounting the drum housing of Figures 26A-B, with a side access portal; again either conical or part-/ hemi-spherical forms could be used.
  • Figure 29B shows a greenhouse with local solar panel infill to a lattice frame, in this case on a gabled roof
  • Figures 3OA through 3OJ show an open space frame or lattice grid support for local panel infill, on horizontal, upright or inclined surfaces
  • Figure 3OA shows a 3-D perspective view of a pergola or porch style open lattic or grid frame, such as might serve as a car port, with juxtaposed demountable infill solar collector panels used for selective local infill whilst also serving as weather protective shields or barriers; panel orientation and disposition can vary, with horizontal, inclined and upright dispositions being shown;
  • Figure 3OB shows local detail from Figure 3OA of collector panel peripheral edge mounting, with depending connector ports for internal conduit;
  • Figure 3OC shows an enlarged local sectional view of panel profiled edge mounting interaction with a lattice frame bar; with one panel in situ and an adjacent panel juxtaposed preparatory to insertion;
  • Figure 3OD shows a subsequent mounting insertion step to Figure 3OC
  • Figure 3OE shows local sectional detail of a simpler panel edge mounting to that of Figures 30C-D, using a simple 'U'-section edge profile to sit upon a complementary right angle frame bar section; the panel edge shown juxtaposed ready for frame mounting insertion;
  • Figure 3OF shows the panel of Figure 3OE inserted and with an overlaid right-angled closure strip with an outboard edge through-fastener
  • Figure 3OG shows another panel edge profile with an overhang limb surmounting a U-section edging strip to create a narrow mounting and location throat for insertion and reception and location of an upstanding frame bar, such as shown in Figure 3Ol ;
  • Figure 3OH shows an alternative version of Figure 3OG with mutually overlaid right angled edging strip sections
  • Figure 3OJ shows another alternative edge mounting angled section to that of Figure 3OH; with panel juxtaposed with frame bar upstand;
  • Figure 3Ol shows the panel of Figure 3OH inserted and mounted in a frame bar
  • Figures 31 A through 31 D show diverse flat panel mounting arrays; various sized circular panel shapes are illustrated, although other shapes and sizes, including sectors or quadrants in the case of the spiral flight array can be used; a loose parallel might be drawn with antenna panels or dishes and indeed the functions could be combined; panel orientation could independent or collective through a shared mobile mounting, such as gimbal arms;
  • Figure 31 A shows a staggered or mutually offset stair-flight mutually staggered or offset step array, with diametral support between opposed inclined side arms, which may themselves be pivot mounted upon a (say, base) support; panel size is incremental between opposite upper and lower ends.with progressively, smaller less- obstructive or shielding upper panels, to reduce any mutual shadow effect;
  • Figure 31 B shows an inclined panel mounting branch or limb with lateral panel offshoots;
  • Figure 31 C shows opposed diametral bracing frames disposed upright with diametral pivot mounted panels re-orientated
  • Figure 31 D shows a central pillar with panels disposed in spiral tread climb format
  • Figures 32A and 32B show solar collector configurations for large tank heating, such as swimming pools
  • Figure 32A shows an open-top rectangular tank, such as for use as a heated swimming pool, with an upper boundary edge fitted with an array of rectangular solar collection panels as walk-on tiles, with a translucent deck surface of a contiguous or conjoined upper multi-wall sheet panels;
  • Figure 32B shows a cylindrical drum collector format with circumferential peripheral coil, such as might be used for a modest diameter hot water accumulator tank or even paddling or bathing pool; a telescopic barrel construction described elsewhere might be adopted for more elaborate variants of this;
  • Figures 33A and 33B show a single multi-wall panel and thin-wall profiled backing tray variant assembly with peripheral edge closure and potential mounting strip;
  • Figure 33A shows a 3-D perspective view
  • Figure 33B shows a section along the chain dotted line of Figure 33A;
  • Figures 34A through 34E show the single multi-wall panel construction of Figures 33A and 33B with a rear port option for connection to internal pipe conduit; along with optional fitment of a double smaller diameter conduit within larger grooves in a backing tray; edging strips are also omitted;
  • Figure 34A shows a 3-D perspective view of a panel assembly with slim conduit coil and rear (feed / discharge) connector ports
  • Figure 34B shows a section along the chain dotted line of Figure 34A
  • Figure 34C shows use of smaller conduit in larger grooves in a rear panel using multiple discrete mounting clips or posts;
  • Figure 34D shows a variant of Figure 34C with doubled-up runs of smaller conduit within common backing tray channels;
  • Figure 34E shows a still further simplified panel format with single layer sheet (rather than multi-wall panel) overlay for doubled-up runs of small diameter conduit coil with mounting, location / spacer (and possibly retention) clips or pins, set in mounting and location backing tray;
  • FIGS 35A through 35J show a somewhat simplified single multi-wall solar collector panel and thin-wall backing tray configuration with variant optional profiled edge (closure and) mounting strips; More specifically ...
  • Figure 35A shows a 3-D perspective view of a flat panel with a single face panel of multi-wall sheet mated with a thin wall or shell backing tray; alternative edge and rear ports are shown; in either cases simple push-fit flexible connectors can be used to connect the internal pipe run with a flow circuit;
  • Figure 35B shows an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken at one panel edge of an overlaid abutting single multi-wall (face) panel and (vacuum moulded) backing tray with wide bounding tray peripheral edge lands, affording a larger surface area for potential mutual bonding contact;
  • Figure 35C shows an interfitting edge mounting detail for a single multi-wall sheet surmounting a backing tray juxtaposed with a peripheral (metal) support or carrier frame of right-angled section into whose embrace the panel edge sits for both lateral guidance and underside support;
  • Figure 35D shows a variant T-section edge support mounting profile to Figure 35C to facilitate mounting of panels disposed alongside one another;
  • Figure 35E shows an alternative open edge finishing detail to bound a single multiwall sheet with backing tray and in which a mounting tray depending edge lip sits snugly within a narrow throat of a more elaborate 'U' section carrier and support frame;
  • Figure 35F shows a 'U' or 'C section edging strip for a panel such as shown in Figure 35B;
  • Figure 35G shows a more elaborate panel edge profile to Figure 35F with depending outer limb juxtaposed with a support frame of complementary interfitting throat profile;
  • Figure 35H shows the mounted panel of Figure 35G, with edging profile outer depending limb seated within frame profile confines;
  • Figure 35I shows a supplementary mechanical bolt-through fastener option to capture edging such as of Figure 35F, multi-wall panel and backing tray;
  • Figure 35J shows the fastener option of Figure 36H applied to a twin opposed multi- wall panel variant, with panel fluting orientated at right angles, an sandwiched intervening backing layer;
  • Figures 36A through 36D show various 3-D collector forms;
  • Figure 36A shows an inverted truncated cone format collector
  • Figure 36B shows an upturned truncated cone format collector
  • Figure 36C shows a polygonal multi-facet truncated pyramidal form
  • Figure 36D shows a squat multi-facet pyramidal variant of Figure 36C
  • the embodiments reflect diverse collector 10 formats for outdoor exposure to incident solar radiation 21 , including infra red wavelengths, absorption and/or conversion to achieve a stable conditioned thermal mass at an elevated temperature, as a reservoir preparatory to heat transfer to a heat exchange medium 20 for onward circulation, such as to a downstream hot water tank or heating radiator, where heat transfer may involve conduction and/or convection.
  • a closed wall or cell collector 10 construction is convenient for local heat accumulation and retention preparatory to transfer under a temperature gradient.
  • conduit 11 such as a flexible wall pipe
  • heat exchange medium 20 is convenient for interconnection and sealing, but unlike known open pipe collectors enclosure, such as by interposition between opposed outer containment layers 12, 13, boosts heat entrapment for onward transfer.
  • An internal conduit location tray 14 option is a convenient way of determining otherwise unruly conduit disposition, and which along with the conduit 11 will can have reflective or absorbent coatings 36,37 applied locally to inhibit outward heat leakage, consistent with internal heat transfer to the internal heat exchange fluid 20.
  • two superficially distinct broad categories of collector 10 are explored, namely a relatively shallow depth 2/3-D flat panel and deeper 3-D conical forms, they may be combined, as with certain polygonal pyramidal forms.
  • Proprietary multi-wall sheet with internal corrugations is an option with attendant lens effect, insulating qualities of an internal air bridge and structural stiffness.
  • a multi-wall outer facing 12 although well-suited to a flat panel of proprietary prefabricated multi-wall sheet, could be achieved for curved not just planar forms.
  • a multi-wall panel construction can be configured as a laminated hollow sandwich, in a shallow-depth enclosure or boxed cell format for heat entrapment and retention.
  • the internal conduit 11 runs of individual panel assemblies 10 are interconnected by pipe couplings 15,16 as a manifold network.
  • Pipe would normally be coloured, say coated or pigmented, black to inhibit the growth of mould or water borne) algae (, but with special treatment, such as biocide impregnation of coating, clear or translucent piper could be used.
  • Each panel body itself features spaced sheets 12,13 with intervening corrugations or fluted channel sections 14.
  • a proprietary pre-fabricated such box wall sheet is used.
  • the panel walls 12,13 and tubing 11 walls are (largely) translucent for penetration of solar radiation to heat a fluid 20, typically water, passed within the tube 11 in a re- circulatory path 18.
  • Local silvered reflective areas 36 re-direct radiation 21 back into the panel enclosure.
  • local matt black surface finish 37 promotes heat absorption.
  • each individual panel a length of flexible and resiliently deformable wall plastics tubing or pipe 11 , wound into a coil, is sandwiched as an intermediate layer or lamination between opposed outer plates 12, 13.
  • the pipe 11 is fitted within complementary cross-sectional profile recesses, flutes or grooves 19 of a location mat or backing plate or sheet 14, which preserves relative disposition, location and spacing of mutually interested pipe 11 coils, in addition to providing additional surface area for absorption of radiation 21.
  • the plate or sheet 14 lends itself to vacuum forming, to facilitate which a shallower or less closed edge or re-entrant groove cross-sectional profile would be advantageous for moulded sheet release.
  • tube 11 cross-sectional shape, tube diameter, tube wall thickness and tube spacing all variously admit of considerable variation to optimise performance.
  • panel 12,13,14 thickness and spacing are examples of considerable variation to optimise performance.
  • Tube 11 (winding) configuration is conveniently a spiral as depicted in Figure 1 , or slightly squashed compact oval forms such as depicted in Figure 3.
  • a stacked coil and corresponding panel arrangement such as of Figure 5, allows denser or tighter packaging. Any and/or every exposed surface can be used, even the panel edges with a stretched convoluted tube pathway 19 such as of Figure 4.
  • a rectangular grid or matrix panel array such as of Figure 7A, allows coverage of a larger surface area, with a serial and/or parallel plumbing interconnection. Overlapping or asymmetric panel variants are envisaged for efficient coverage of irregular shaped areas as depicted in Figures 7B through 7E
  • Panel orientation and mounting follows convention, but is adapted to the particular panel contour and various installations are shown in Figures 10A through 12B.
  • opposed inclined panels 10 with rectangular coils are shown Figure 10B.
  • a freestanding pedestal 28 with a circular spiral set in a trapezoidal panel is shown in Figure 11 B.
  • a curvilinear profile, for closer tracking of solar sky movement, is shown in Figure 12B.
  • Modular panel sandwich construction is more apparent from the exploded views of Figures 13A through 13C.
  • a spiral grooved mounting plate is used to dictate tube coil path and is sandwiched as an intermediate layer between translucent outer panels each of composite hollow parallel fluted form (not detailed). Radial access ways for tube end connector ports are used.
  • Variant tube 11 disposition and mounting 14 along with peripheral bounding edge 32 closures are shown in Figures 14A through 14N and Figures 15A through 15H.
  • Figures 14A through 14N and Figures 15A through 15H are shown in Figure 15 sequence.
  • FIGS 16A through 17B Diverse tube cross-sectional forms and profiles, including longitudinal outer wall projecting fins, for increased surface area, without adversely affecting internal flow path resistance, are shown in Figures 16A through 17B. It is envisaged that such complex tube forms could be extruded through a corresponding die.
  • Figures 17A through 17D show complementary profile of a mounting mask, mat or backing sheet 14 dictating tube disposition and providing tube support.
  • Absorbent and/or internally-reflective tube 11 wall coatings are shown in Figures 18A and 18B. This to allow solar radiation inwardly, to convert it to heat and to retain it until heat transfer to the heat exchange medium. Panel configuration is chosen to optimise heat energy extracted, in absolute terms, and in relation to given incident solar radiation. Whilst the heat can be used for any purpose, a convenient use is pre-heating a boiler for space and/or water heating.
  • the thermal capacity of the heat exchange medium most conveniently water, its total volume and rate of circulation reflect the target temperature rise of a given mass. A certain 'soak' time is allowed in the through passage of heat exchange fluid for a temperature rise.
  • Empirical Trial Tests with a 25 litre capacity container showed than a one square (metre) panel will increase the water temperature by 30 degrees C in about 3 hours in moderate sunlight conditions. More is anticipated with greater / longer sunlight exposure.
  • a bespoke complementary-profiled (say, vacuum formed) pipe location mask or backing plate will present greater surface area, with improved temperature rise.
  • a peripheral edge seal would help insulate the pipe containment chamber.
  • a target for a some one square metre panel would be to raise the temperature of some 25 litres of water by some 30 degrees C in less than 2 hours under optimal conditions.
  • Another feature is use of soft or resiliently deformable walled pipework to allow modest distension or stretch without wall rupture and obviates the need for antifreeze in the heating fluid in most climatic conditions. Tests conducted at minus19 degrees C encountered no problem. This in contrast to a conventional collector panel with metal pipework which requires either a drain-down system or the use of an antifreeze solution to prevent problems in the winter.
  • a deformable conduit locator tray such as of flexible thin-wall sheet, could accommodate conduit dimensional change with temperature.
  • a deformable outer shell or housing, and internal elements, of thin-wall sheet could also be used for either a flat panel or conical collector formats. This also provides some shock impact absorbency upon impact without shattering. Thermal shock upon sudden temperature change is also similarly resisted.
  • a conical form could embrace a planform of any conic section including a circle and thus a part spherical, say hemispherical, 3-D form.
  • a tiered or stepped profile conical collector a simpler, continuous curved outer cover might be fitted.
  • Differential material temperature coefficients are accommodated by resilient deformable or flexible ties or coupling fasteners between elements.
  • Conduit couplings can cope similarly with temperature change to preserve internal sealing against leakage of heat exchange medium.
  • a clear or translucent outer layer could comprise:
  • An intermediate conduit pipe could be some 8mm to 35mm external diameter.
  • a fluid (heat exchange) medium would normally be water, but in a sealed system oil or other fluid could be used.
  • a (say vacuum formed) pipe support layer or tray could be normally some 1 .5mm thick, but between 1 mm to 3mm.
  • An insulation could normally be some 16mm for a multiwall panel, but could be from 10mm to 35mm.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un capteur solaire conçu pour l’absorption et la conversion du rayonnement solaire en chaleur, dans un panneau soit plat (10), soit de forme tridimensionnelle hémisphérique, conique ou analogue. Le capteur a la forme d’un stratifié modulaire composé d’un panneau externe transparent (12, 13), tel qu’une feuille à couche unique ou paroi multiple, surmontant un plateau de support profilé (13), comportant un creux pour canal ou un canal pour recevoir une conduite spiralée (11), par exemple constituée d’une matière plastique à paroi souple, destinée à un milieu fluide caloporteur, de façon adaptée, de l’eau, une couche de support facultative étant profilée pour le positionnement et le support de la conduite.
EP09785348A 2008-07-31 2009-07-16 Capteur solaire Withdrawn EP2315979A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0814007.1A GB0814007D0 (en) 2008-07-31 2008-07-31 Solar water heating panel
PCT/GB2009/050872 WO2010013028A2 (fr) 2008-07-31 2009-07-16 Capteur solaire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2315979A2 true EP2315979A2 (fr) 2011-05-04

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EP09785348A Withdrawn EP2315979A2 (fr) 2008-07-31 2009-07-16 Capteur solaire

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EP (1) EP2315979A2 (fr)
GB (2) GB0814007D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010013028A2 (fr)

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GB2482205B (en) * 2010-09-06 2012-06-06 Solorno Ltd An energy collector device
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WO2010013028A3 (fr) 2011-02-24
GB0912371D0 (en) 2009-08-26
WO2010013028A2 (fr) 2010-02-04
GB0814007D0 (en) 2008-09-10
GB2462174A (en) 2010-02-03

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