EP2315910B1 - Anlage zur in-situ-gewinnung einer kohlenstoffhaltigen substanz - Google Patents

Anlage zur in-situ-gewinnung einer kohlenstoffhaltigen substanz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2315910B1
EP2315910B1 EP09780723.4A EP09780723A EP2315910B1 EP 2315910 B1 EP2315910 B1 EP 2315910B1 EP 09780723 A EP09780723 A EP 09780723A EP 2315910 B1 EP2315910 B1 EP 2315910B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
installation according
reservoir
inductor
lines
conductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09780723.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2315910A2 (de
Inventor
Dirk Diehl
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to PL09780723T priority Critical patent/PL2315910T3/pl
Publication of EP2315910A2 publication Critical patent/EP2315910A2/de
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Publication of EP2315910B1 publication Critical patent/EP2315910B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2406—Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]
    • E21B43/2408—SAGD in combination with other methods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
    • E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/46—Dielectric heating
    • H05B6/62—Apparatus for specific applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/03—Heating of hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant for the in-situ recovery of a carbonaceous substance from an underground deposit with reduction of its viscosity.
  • a device is used in particular for the production of bitumen or heavy oil from a reservoir under an overburden, as is the case with oil shale and / or oil sand deposits, for example in Canada.
  • the increase in fluidity can be done firstly by introducing solvents or diluents and / or on the other by heating or melting of the heavy oil or bitumen, for which by means of pipe systems, which are introduced through holes, heating takes place.
  • SAGD S team A ssisted G ravity D rainage
  • water vapor which may be added to the solvent, is pressed under high pressure through a tube extending horizontally within the seam.
  • the heated, molten and detached from the sand or rock bitumen or heavy oil seeps to a second about 5 m deeper located pipe through that the promotion of the liquefied bitumen or heavy oil takes place, wherein the distance from the injector and production pipe is dependent on reservoir geometry.
  • the steam has to fulfill several tasks at the same time, namely the introduction of heating energy for liquefaction, the detachment of the sand and the pressure build-up in the reservoir, on the one hand to make the reservoir geomechanically permeable for bitumen transport (permeability) and on the other hand, the promotion of bitumen without additional pumps to enable.
  • the SAGD process starts by steam being introduced through both pipes for typically three months in order first to liquefy the bitumen in the space between the pipes as quickly as possible. Thereafter, the steam is introduced only through the upper tube and the promotion through the lower tube can begin.
  • a variation of the heating power along the inductors can, as described in the older non-prepublished applications, especially by sectionwise injection of electrolytes, whereby the impedance is changed. This requires corresponding electrolyte injection devices that are expensive to integrate in the inductors or require additional costly drilling.
  • the invention relates to an induction-heated system in which the outgoing and return conductors for the inductor lines are guided substantially vertically and have a small lateral distance of at most 10 m. Preferably, however, the distance is less than 5 m.
  • parallel bores can be present in this distance in the cover structure, so that return conductors are guided individually for this purpose.
  • the forward and return conductors of the induction conductors can be separate, laterally side-by-side guided lines.
  • You can also form stranded cables and especially coaxial cables.
  • coaxial cables can be guided in a closely matched wellbore.
  • a branch (so-called Y-junction) is present at the end of the merged lines.
  • the outgoing, horizontally guided Induktor effet can run in the same, but also in opposite directions.
  • the inductor lines running horizontally in the deposit can have different distances in regions. In particular, this can be avoided by losses in areas where no inductive heating is necessary and / or desired, the lines are again performed closely parallel, so that no unnecessary heating power is consumed.
  • a specialized, optimized to the respective section embodiment of the conductor arrangement is possible.
  • a first section - from the oscillator to the branch - be carried out particularly low loss, for example by RF stranded conductor, possibly with reduced requirement for temperature resistance.
  • a second section is formed by the single-insulated conductor acting as an inductor. Increased mechanical requirements for installation and increased thermal requirements for operation must be taken into account, while low ohmic conductor losses are secondary.
  • a third section is formed by the electrode, a non-insulated conductor end, which due to its length and z. B. by means of surrounding salt water has a low contact resistance to the reservoir.
  • Such measures (“Saline injected regions at non-isolated tips") are known and thus represent a low-impedance grounding.
  • a compensated conductor with a resonant conductor system and a series resonant circuit - as described in the above-mentioned earlier patent applications - is also advantageously used here.
  • the electrode sections can also be led into water-bearing layers outside the reservoir (above or below) in order to realize a connection with good electrical conductivity to the surrounding soil, which is possible with less expenditure on equipment.
  • water - bearing layers are contained in over - and / or underburden.
  • the change in distance causes sections of different inductance of the double line.
  • the laying of distance-optimized inductors in the reservoir can now be adapted to the geological conditions in the reservoir already at the beginning of the promotion. It may optionally be done as a retrofit for existing already promoting production and Dampfinjetechnischsrohrschreibe.
  • the laying of a distance-optimized inductor can also be done in addition to existing inductors.
  • an electrical connection can be made with outgoing or return conductors formerly laid inductors, the operation in the series resonance can be done by frequency adjustment on the generator / inverter.
  • the distance variation can take place in the vertical and / or horizontal direction, whereby an adaptation of the heating power distribution to the reservoir geometry is possible.
  • the inductance pads of a double line from the forward and return conductors of the inductor are specified. These vary depending on the distance. The influence of different reservoir conductivities is very low.
  • the inductor as a whole constitutes a series circuit of series resonant circuits. A series circuit is formed by the line section having the resonant length. Ideally, all series circuits are resonant at the same frequency. Thus, the lowest voltages along the inductor are obtained. Sectionally varied distances lead in inductors constant resonant length to partially incomplete compensation, resulting in increased demands on the dielectric strength of the dielectric between filament groups, which in the worst case can lead to breakdowns and destruction of the inductor. Remedy is to be created by the resonance length and thus the capacity of this section are adapted to the existing inductance there.
  • the capacitance coating can advantageously be easily adapted to the respective inductance coating, which in turn can be set in sections, the same resonant frequency without changing the resonance length. Even with a combination of the latter measure, the goal of minimum voltage requirement can be achieved in sections.
  • the inductor laying can be carried out with intervals adjusted in sections to the heating power demand. This can be done practically simultaneously with the introduction of the steam injection and production pipes for SAGD, so that the inductive heating is already available for the preheating phase.
  • the SAGD process is initially run for several months or years without EM support.
  • the steam chambers are already formed. Vapor chamber expansion variations along the steam injection and production tubes are generally undesirable because they can result in showable vapor breakthrough in individual sections ("steam breakthrough region"). If such a steam breakthrough occurs can and circumstances, the bitumen still in the other sections of the reservoir no longer economical (S team to O il R atio (SOR) ⁇ 3) are promoted, so heavy financial losses can be connected. Such losses can be avoided if long before a steam breakthrough, the inductive heating is used to regulate the Dampfschdehnung. For this purpose, the spacer-optimized inductor laying can be carried out adapted to the inductive additional heating power required in sections. With this retrofit solution, the yield of existing SAGD fields can be achieved.
  • the inductors are shown within the reservoir at the same depth and the change in distance is accomplished only in the horizontal direction. Laying of the return conductor of an inductor can also take place at different depths if the resulting heat output distribution and / or the laying of the inductor lines are thus more favorable, for example due to lower drilling costs, which may result from softer rock formations or other geological boundary conditions.
  • the heating power density can be homogenized by adjusting the inductor distance.
  • An example is given in the table. If 4 kW / m are to be introduced in a reservoir section with a specific resistance of 555 ohm * m, the inductor spacing must be 50 m in this example geometry. If the electrical conductivity in another section of the reservoir is only half, the inductor distance must be increased to 67 m in order to generate 4 kW / m heating power again.
  • return and return conductors can advantageously be guided close together, if only low heating power densities are required there.
  • the return conductor may run through the steam chamber and be exposed to the high temperatures prevailing there (for example 200 ° C.), which may lead to premature aging of the inductor and thus to a reduction in the service life. This can be avoided if, as shown in Section VI, the area of the steam chamber is bypassed horizontally and / or vertically.
  • the vapor chamber grows faster than in the more upstream sections, since the vapor temperature near the point of introduction is the hottest and the vapor pressure is highest. This often leads to the formation of a large steam chamber. Therefore, it may make sense to do without an additional inductive heating there, also to avoid premature steam breakthroughs.
  • the oscillator can be moved forward, so that the inductor does not need to go through the steam chamber at the beginning.
  • the inductor is guided downwards at a more obtuse angle if the oscillator is to continue to be installed near the injection and production tubes. It is advantageous that inductor length and associated drilling costs can be saved. Furthermore, the premature aging of the inductor in the region of the first steam chamber is avoided.
  • inductor arrangements are possible in which the loop is closed underground, which can be done with advanced drilling techniques.
  • the oscillator can be installed as shown in the end of the pipe pair or as in the previous figures in the vicinity of the beginning of the tube pairs (so-called Well-Heads).
  • the underground closed conductor loop with recess of the steam chamber saves inductor length and therefore costs.
  • Such elementary unit is arbitrarily repeatable in both horizontal directions of the seam.
  • FIG. 1 An underground oil sands deposit (seam) forms the reservoir, with elementary units 100 of length l, height h and thickness w being produced one behind the other or next to one another. Above the reservoir 100 is an overburden layer 105 ("overburden”) of thickness s. Corresponding layers (“underburden”) are under the reservoir 100, but are in FIG. 1 not marked in detail.
  • production tube 102 and inductor lines 10, 20 do not run in the same direction, but in particular form a right angle. There may also be other angles, ie orientations of inductor lines and production tubes. This allows for the geological boundary conditions.
  • Each of the repeating units 100 is assigned an oscillator unit 60, 60 ',...
  • an over-the-day RF power generator from which the electrical power is generated and fed via the forward and return conductors into the inductors.
  • the return and return conductors must be routed vertically through the overburden into the reservoir. If the distance a 2 of the forward and return conductors in the vertical range is as low as possible and a1> a2, there is no heating and energy is saved.
  • FIG. 1 are for two holes 12, 12 'available, which have a distance of less than 10 m. This is small in comparison to the dimensions of the reservoir and in particular the length of the inductor lines 10, 20.
  • the forward conductor and in the other bore of the return conductor is guided, wherein in the reservoir at the transition to the inductor lines widening to a multiple distance is made.
  • return conductor can also be performed in a single bore, which there is the possibility of an even smaller distance.
  • the forward and return conductors can be stranded together or form a coaxial cable, which is branched in the reservoir.
  • FIGS. 1 . 2 and FIGS. 6 to 8 each show a coordinate system with the coordinates x, y and z, which facilitates the mining orientation.
  • the coordinate system can also have a different orientation.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates that below the ground first an area 105 with overburden, then a deposit with a reservoir 100 of bitumen and / or heavy oil and below an oil-impermeable area 106, the so-called basement, follow.
  • Such soil or rock formations are typical for oil shale or oil sands deposits.
  • FIG. 2 is introduced into the deposit 100 by an oscillator 60 as a high-frequency generator, which stands for days, electrical energy.
  • a single vertical bore 12 is present in this case, which extends into the region of the reservoir 100 and there passes into two horizontal holes, which are not marked in detail.
  • a pair of conductors with a common electrical return conductor 5 is introduced, wherein the end-side ends of the forward and return conductors are connected to the oscillator 60 as an energy converter. The other ends extend to the reservoir 100.
  • the forward / return pair 5 branches.
  • a so-called Y-branch 25 is present.
  • the inductor lines 10 and 20 run horizontally in the reservoir 100 parallel in the reservoir 100 and into the region of the saline-injected region in which the conduits 10 and 20 are not insulated and act as electrical inducers. In particular in the area of the inductor lines 10, 20, therefore, the induction heating should be formed.
  • the combined return conductor pair may be formed, for example, as a coaxial line 5.
  • the environment of such a pair of conductors is completely field-free. This then allows the use of electrically conductive and magnetic materials for a sheathing of the forward / return pair or a border of the vertical bore 12 with steel pipes.
  • the formation of the Y-branch 25 is carried out in an electrotechnically known manner, which is not discussed in detail in the present context.
  • the shielding of the oscillator 60 at the entry point can be made more compact. This proves to be advantageous for the so-called exposure area, in which no operating personnel may stay.
  • the actual production pipe is indicated by 102.
  • This is conventionally designed in accordance with the prior art such that the liquefied bitumen collects therein, whereafter it is sucked off in a known manner.
  • the lines 10/20 of the oscillator 60 to the branch 25 form a first section A, in the reservoir 100, a second section B and in the end a third section C.
  • the individual sections A, B and C may advantageously different Conductor arrangements are selected.
  • stranded conductors are used in the first section A.
  • insulated conductor in the second section B, on the other hand, insulated conductor ("isolated single conductor") are used for the inductor lines, while in the third section C uninsulated conductor ends are present which form electrodes.
  • FIG. 3 is shown that in an arrangement accordingly FIG. 1 lead in this case guided induction lines 10 and 20 need not be parallel. Rather, they have sections of different distances a i , which can be adapted to the conditions of the deposit. Depending on the geological conditions, they can have sections for an inductive interaction with each other and be kept very narrow there, so that their fields compensate each other.
  • a gas bubble 30 is present by the vapor input by SAGD method, which represents a so-called "deaf" area and / or which is already exploited, there can be the parallel arrangement of the lines 1/20 around this area of the vapor bubbles, and widen again behind the vapor bubble 30 to generate the inductive heating effect.
  • SAGD method which represents a so-called "deaf" area and / or which is already exploited
  • FIG. 4 A corresponding supervision of such an inductor arrangement results from FIG. 4 , There are here a total of eight sections I, II, ..., VIII entered with different distances a i of the inductor 10/20. It should be noted that for the sections I, II,..., VIII separately individual compensation measures of the lines are carried out taking into account the changed resonance lengths.
  • the following table shows the inductance coverings of a double cable, ie the return conductor of the inductor. As mentioned, these vary between about 0.46 and 1.61 ⁇ H / m depending on the distance a i . The influence of different reservoir conductivities is very low.
  • the inductor as a whole represents a series connection of series resonant circuits.
  • a series circuit is formed by the line section having the resonance length L R. Ideally, therefore, all series circuits would be resonant at the same frequency. This would give the lowest possible voltages along the inductor. Sectionally varying distances lead but in inductors constant resonant length to a partially incomplete compensation, which leads to increased demands on the dielectric strength of the dielectric between filament groups. Under certain circumstances, it may otherwise lead to breakdowns or even to the destruction of the inductor.
  • the resonance lengths adapted for the respective distance of the return conductor are listed so as to obtain, in sections, the same resonant frequency, for example 20 kHz.
  • the relative change in resonant length is proportional to 1 / sqrt (inductivity coating). This means that the resonance length in the vertical sections inductor distance of z. B. 0.25 m is about twice as large as a nominal inductor distance of 100 m.
  • Corresponding changes result, for example, at a resonance frequency of 100 kHz.
  • resonant frequencies between 1 and 500 kHz are considered suitable, with 10 kHz on the one hand and 100 kHz on the other.
  • FIG. 5 shows the schematic structure of the compensated conductors for the inductor lines with distributed capacitances
  • FIG. 6 the cross section along the line VI - VI.
  • the lines are formed of conductors 51 and 52, respectively FIG. 6 Multifilament lines within an insulation 53 form.
  • the resonance length L R can be adapted to the sectionally changing distance of the inductor lines.
  • FIG. 7 is clarified that in an arrangement accordingly FIG. 2
  • a particularly large trained steam chamber 30 may be present at the beginning portion of the injection tube.
  • the oscillator position ie the generator 60
  • the lines are closed in this case with an underground conductor loop 15, which may also be located directly behind the steam bubble.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 corresponding schemes are shown as a top view. From these two figures it is particularly clear that the inventive concept is also suitable for retrofitting existing bitumen or heavy oil conveyor systems.
  • certain areas of oil sands deposits have already been exploited by the known SAGD method, with large vapor bubbles usually forming in the areas already exploited.
  • SAGD simple vapor bubbles usually forming in the areas already exploited.
  • By means of a device with "mobile" high frequency generator 60 it is possible to displace and redirect the inductor assembly from the initial section of the injection / delivery tube device. It is equally possible to provide the oscillator position in the end region of the tube pair. In this case, the inductor conductor loop is then advantageously always closed underground
  • FIG. 9 an arrangement is shown in the corresponding FIG. 1 a vertical bore 12 is provided approximately in the center of the illustrated reservoir 100.
  • a pair of conductors 5 is again introduced into the vertical bore 12.
  • a branch 25 is now present, in which the horizontal conductors 110, 120 run diametrically in opposite directions-that is to say with an increasing distance-and are in each case earthed via electrodes 111 and 121 there.
  • the non-insulated conductor ends out of the reservoir out in areas of higher electrical conductivity.
  • water-bearing layers offer themselves outside the reservoir, for example in the overburden or underburden.
  • FIG. 10 is finally a modification of a system according to FIG. 1b with arrangements according to FIG. 9 shown in which a two-dimensional 200 is formed of individual inductors.
  • the inductors are shown with diverging lines one behind the other and in two rows next to each other.
  • Two deposits of oscillators 60, 60 ', 60 ",... Are respectively present above the deposit 100, of which pairs of conductors 5, 5', 5",... Are perpendicular through the overburden to the deposit 100 run and branch off via corresponding rows of branches 25, 25 ', 25'', ... in opposite directions.
  • each inductor pair 110 ij / 120 ij is formed, which can be controlled individually by current amplitude and phase.
  • each inductor pair is assigned its own generator from the group of the generators 60 ij distributed in arrays in FIG.
  • the forward and return conductors of the inductor in the overburden are guided substantially vertically to the depth of the deposit and in comparison to the longitudinal extension of the lines have a low lateral distance a of at most 10 m, but in particular less than 5 m.
  • the inductor lines are in led the deposit horizontally and regions have different distances, whereby the power distribution is changeable. If the vertical outward and return conductors running vertically in the overburden are combined to form a line pair, the line pair can be introduced in a single bore which reaches down into the reservoir and can only be branched in the reservoir. In the overburden then no power losses.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
EP09780723.4A 2008-08-29 2009-07-16 Anlage zur in-situ-gewinnung einer kohlenstoffhaltigen substanz Not-in-force EP2315910B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09780723T PL2315910T3 (pl) 2008-08-29 2009-07-16 Instalacja do pozyskiwania in situ zawierającej węgiel substancji

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102008044953A DE102008044953A1 (de) 2008-08-29 2008-08-29 Anlage zur In-Situ-Gewinnung einer kohlenstoffhaltigen Substanz
PCT/EP2009/059168 WO2010023032A2 (de) 2008-08-29 2009-07-16 Anlage zur in-situ-gewinnung einer kohlenstoffhaltigen substanz

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EP2315910A2 EP2315910A2 (de) 2011-05-04
EP2315910B1 true EP2315910B1 (de) 2013-05-15

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US (1) US8881800B2 (es)
EP (1) EP2315910B1 (es)
CA (1) CA2735300C (es)
DE (1) DE102008044953A1 (es)
MX (1) MX2011002131A (es)
PL (1) PL2315910T3 (es)
RU (1) RU2499886C2 (es)
WO (1) WO2010023032A2 (es)

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DE102010020154B4 (de) 2010-03-03 2014-08-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur "in-situ"-Förderung von Bitumen oder Schwerstöl
EP2623709A1 (de) 2011-10-27 2013-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kondensatorvorrichtung für eine Leiterschleife einer Vorrichtung zur "in situ"-Förderung von Schweröl und Bitumen aus Ölsand-Lagerstätten.
DE102012220237A1 (de) 2012-11-07 2014-05-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Geschirmte Multipaaranordnung als Zuleitung zu einer induktiven Heizschleife in Schweröllagerstättenanwendungen
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EP2886792A1 (de) * 2013-12-18 2015-06-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren für das Einbringen einer Induktorschleife in eine Gesteinsformation
EP2886793A1 (de) * 2013-12-18 2015-06-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren für das Einbringen einer Induktorschleife in eine Gesteinsformation
DE102014223621A1 (de) * 2014-11-19 2016-05-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Lagerstättenheizung
DE102015208056A1 (de) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heizvorrichtung zur induktiven Heizung einer Kohlenwasserstofflagerstätte
DE102015215448A1 (de) * 2015-08-13 2017-02-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kabel, Induktor und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Induktors zur Heizung einer geologischen Formation
US10760392B2 (en) 2016-04-13 2020-09-01 Acceleware Ltd. Apparatus and methods for electromagnetic heating of hydrocarbon formations
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WO2010023032A2 (de) 2010-03-04
CA2735300C (en) 2015-11-03
RU2499886C2 (ru) 2013-11-27
WO2010023032A3 (de) 2010-12-29
DE102008044953A1 (de) 2010-03-04
MX2011002131A (es) 2011-04-05
CA2735300A1 (en) 2010-03-04
US20110146968A1 (en) 2011-06-23
EP2315910A2 (de) 2011-05-04
US8881800B2 (en) 2014-11-11
PL2315910T3 (pl) 2013-10-31

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