EP2304234B1 - Linear compressor - Google Patents

Linear compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2304234B1
EP2304234B1 EP09765859A EP09765859A EP2304234B1 EP 2304234 B1 EP2304234 B1 EP 2304234B1 EP 09765859 A EP09765859 A EP 09765859A EP 09765859 A EP09765859 A EP 09765859A EP 2304234 B1 EP2304234 B1 EP 2304234B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
end wall
linear compressor
compressor according
chamber
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP09765859A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2304234A1 (en
Inventor
Jens Baumbach
Christian Krknjak
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BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
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BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
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Publication of EP2304234A1 publication Critical patent/EP2304234A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F04B35/045—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • F04B39/1066—Valve plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/12—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B39/125—Cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/10—Other safety measures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections

Definitions

  • crankshaft and piston rod design accurately dictates the amplitude of movement of a compressor piston
  • the amplitude of movement of the piston of a linear compressor is generally not fixed but dependent upon the electrical power applied to the exciter coil and the pressures at the inlet and outlet of the compressor variable.
  • a small amplitude of the piston causes the dead volume at the top dead center of the piston movement large and the generated pressure is low.
  • the dead volume must be kept as small as possible, ie the piston must come as close as possible to an end wall of the compression chamber at its top dead center. At the same time, however, it must not hit the front wall, as this would lead to rapid wear or destruction of the compressor.
  • the piston is allowed only a defined forward stroke, which is smaller than the axial length of the projection to an undesirable collision between the outside about the projection, preferably concentric, arranged piston end face and the outside, preferably concentrically arranged, inner chamber end face of the end wall of the compression chamber to avoid.
  • This pre-detection or advance detection of the actual position of the front piston face before it would contact the end wall of the compression chamber allows a targeted and defined control of the further piston stroke towards the front end wall of the compression chamber. This improves the ratio of measurement accuracy to residual motion freedom, and precise control of piston movement is possible with little control intervention.
  • the end wall of the compression chamber is formed by the valve plate.
  • the recess may simultaneously constitute a passage for fluid circulated by the compressor.
  • the passage is an outlet port of the compression chamber, since it does not require a valve body on the side of the compression chamber whose movement could falsify the detection results of the sensor.
  • the latter is preferably made of a dielectric material which is practically “invisible” to the magnetic sensor.
  • the drive unit of in Fig. 1 shown linear compressor for a household refrigeration appliance comprises in a conventional manner an E-shaped metal yoke 1 with three parallel fingers, around whose middle finger a field winding 2 is arranged.
  • a magnetic armature 4 is suspended on leaf springs 5 oscillating movable.
  • the excitation winding 2 is acted upon by an unillustrated control circuit with an alternating current, which generates in the air gap magnetic fields of temporally alternating orientation, which drive the movement of the armature 4.
  • the yoke 3 can as in the Fig. 1 be shown to be passive, or it may be arranged in mirror image to the yoke 1 and also be equipped with a field winding.
  • a coil 15 of an inductive sensor extends around the opening 13, a coil 15 of an inductive sensor.
  • the inductance of the coil 15 is dependent on the magnetic permeability of their environment and thus the distance of the piston 7 from the end wall 9.
  • the inductance of the coil 15 does not substantially reach the piston 7, the inductance of the coil 15 and thus the measurement signal of the inductive sensor, of which it is a part, largely independent of the position of the piston 7. If the piston 7 on its way to top dead center begins to penetrate into the field, the inductance gradually increases, and a large increase in inductance is recorded when the Projection 14 approaches the opening 13 and begins to penetrate into it.
  • an opening 29 is cut, which, when the valve is riveted to the end wall 9, the outlet opening 13 leaves free.
  • the leaf springs of the valves 10, 11 may be made of an elastic dielectric material such as a plastic, so that the position of the inlet valve 10 does not significantly affect the inductance of the coil 15.
  • the valve 10 may be made of spring steel when its opening 28 is large enough to release the coil 15.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Linearverdichter, insbesondere für den Einsatz als Kältemittelverdichter in einem Kältegerät, insbesondere Haushalts-Kältegerät. Ein solcher Linearverdichter ist z.B. aus DE 10 2004 010 403 A1 bekannt.The present invention relates to a linear compressor, in particular for use as a refrigerant compressor in a refrigeration appliance, in particular domestic refrigeration appliance. Such a linear compressor is eg off DE 10 2004 010 403 A1 known.

Das Dokument WO 2004/025120 offenbart einen Linearverdichter mit einem Zylinder und einem sich in dem Zylinder hin- und herbewegenden Kolben. Gegenüber dem Kolben an einer Stirnwand des Zylinders ist eine Ventilplatte angeordnet, in welcher ein induktiver Sensor angeordnet ist.The document WO 2004/025120 discloses a linear compressor having a cylinder and a reciprocating piston in the cylinder. Opposite the piston on an end wall of the cylinder, a valve plate is arranged, in which an inductive sensor is arranged.

Das Dokument DE 32 46 731 A1 offenbart eine Einrichtung zum Erfassen einer Position eines Kolbens eines Arbeitszylinders. Der Kolben weist eine zentrisch angeordnete Stange mit einem konisch ausgebildeten Teil aus einem magnetischen Material auf, wobei die Stange in eine Messkammer hineinragt. In der Messkammer ist ein Hallsensor angeordnet.The document DE 32 46 731 A1 discloses a device for detecting a position of a piston of a working cylinder. The piston has a centrally arranged rod with a conical part made of a magnetic material, wherein the rod protrudes into a measuring chamber. In the measuring chamber, a Hall sensor is arranged.

Der Antrieb eines solchen Linearverdichters umfasst herkömmlicherweise wenigstens eine zum Erzeugen eines magnetischen Wechselfeldes mit Strom beaufschlagbare Erregerwicklung und einen in dem Wechselfeld dieser Erregerwicklung zwischen einem zwei Umkehrpunkten beweglichen magnetischen Anker. Derartige Linearantriebe sind als Antriebe für Verdichter besonders interessant, da sie die reversierende Bewegung des Kolbens eines solchen Verdichters in einem einfachen Aufbau direkt antreiben können, während bei Verwendung eines rotatorischen Antriebs eine Mechanik, die z.B. eine Kurbelwelle und eine daran angelenkte Kolbenstange umfasst, benötigt wird, um die Drehbewegung des Antriebs in die gewünschte reversierende Bewegung des Kolbens umzusetzen. Diese Mechanik verursacht Fertigungskosten und führt zu Reibungsverlusten.The drive of such a linear compressor conventionally comprises at least one energizing coil for generating an alternating magnetic field energizable and in the alternating field of this exciter winding between a two reversal points movable magnetic armature. Such linear drives are particularly interesting as drives for compressors, since they can directly drive the reversing motion of the piston of such a compressor in a simple structure, while when using a rotary drive a mechanism, e.g. a crankshaft and a piston rod hinged thereto, needed to implement the rotational movement of the drive in the desired reversing movement of the piston. This mechanism causes manufacturing costs and leads to friction losses.

Während jedoch ein Aufbau mit Kurbelwelle und Kolbenstange die Bewegungsamplitude eines Verdichterkolbens exakt vorgibt, ist die Bewegungsamplitude des Kolbens eines Linearverdichters im Allgemeinen nicht fest, sondern in Abhängigkeit von der elektrischen Leistung, mit der die Erregerspule beaufschlagt wird, sowie der Drücke an Ein- und Auslass des Verdichters variabel. Eine geringe Amplitude des Kolbens führt dazu, dass am oberen Totpunkt der Kolbenbewegung das Totvolumen groß und der erzeugte Überdruck gering ist. Um einen guten Wirkungsgrad des Verdichters zu erzielen, muss das Totvolumen so klein wie möglich gehalten werden, d.h. der Kolben muss an seinem oberen Totpunkt einer Stirnwand der Verdichterkammer so nahe kommen wie möglich. Gleichzeitig darf er aber auch nicht an die Stirnwand anschlagen, denn dies würde zu einem schnellen Verschleiß bzw. zur Zerstörung des Verdichters führen.However, while a crankshaft and piston rod design accurately dictates the amplitude of movement of a compressor piston, the amplitude of movement of the piston of a linear compressor is generally not fixed but dependent upon the electrical power applied to the exciter coil and the pressures at the inlet and outlet of the compressor variable. A small amplitude of the piston causes the dead volume at the top dead center of the piston movement large and the generated pressure is low. To achieve a good efficiency of the compressor, must the dead volume must be kept as small as possible, ie the piston must come as close as possible to an end wall of the compression chamber at its top dead center. At the same time, however, it must not hit the front wall, as this would lead to rapid wear or destruction of the compressor.

Es ist daher erforderlich, die Amplitude des Linearantriebs im Betrieb zu überwachen und sie so zu regeln, dass das Totvolumen des Verdichters möglichst klein wird, gleichzeitig aber ein Anschlagen des Kolbens an die Stirnwand der Verdichterkammer mit Sicherheit ausgeschlossen ist.It is therefore necessary to monitor the amplitude of the linear drive during operation and to regulate it so that the dead volume of the compressor is as small as possible, at the same time but a striking of the piston to the end wall of the compression chamber is excluded with certainty.

Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, sind diverse Konzepte diskutiert worden, wie etwa die optische Abtastung von auf dem Anker des Linearverdichters angebrachten Markierungen, mechanische Kontakte, die vom Kolben bei Annäherung an die Stirnwand betätigt werden, oder ein induktiver Sensor, der auf der Niederdruckseite der Stirnwand angebracht ist, um durch diese hindurch die Annäherung des Kolbens zu erfassen.To achieve this goal, various concepts have been discussed, such as the optical scanning of markers mounted on the armature of the linear compressor, mechanical contacts operated by the piston when approaching the end wall, or an inductive sensor located on the low pressure side of the piston End wall is mounted to detect therethrough the approach of the piston.

Die Messgenauigkeit der induktiven Näherungssensoren ist in der Regel umgekehrt proportional zur Entfernung zwischen dem Sensor und dem zu erfassenden Objekt. Dies führt zu dem Dilemma, dass es zwar wünschenswert ist, die Annäherung des Kolbens an die Stirnwand bereits in einem großen Abstand zu erfassen, um eine Kollision durch eine geringe Korrektur des Erregungsstroms verhindern zu können, dass aber aufgrund der Unsicherheit bei der Abstandserfassung ungewiss bleibt, ob eine Korrektur des Erregungsstromes, die bei der Erfassung aus großer Entfernung nötig erscheint, tatsächlich nötig ist oder der vermeintliche Korrekturbedarf nur aus einer Messungenauigkeit resultiert, und/oder ob die Korrektur überhaupt ausreichend ist, um ein Anschlagen an die Stirnwand zu verhindern. Je kleiner aber der Abstand ist, in dem der Sensor den Kolben erfasst, umso stärkere Korrekturen am Erregungsstrom sind erforderlich, um eine Kollision auszuschließen. Es ist daher wünschenswert, einen Linearverdichter zu schaffen, bei dem sich diese prinzipiellen Schwierigkeiten wenig auswirken.The measurement accuracy of the inductive proximity sensors is usually inversely proportional to the distance between the sensor and the object to be detected. This leads to the dilemma that while it is desirable to already detect the approach of the piston to the end wall at a large distance in order to prevent a collision by a small correction of the excitation current, but remains uncertain due to the uncertainty in the distance detection whether correction of the excitation current, which appears to be necessary in the detection from a long distance, is actually necessary or the supposed correction need only results from a measurement inaccuracy, and / or whether the correction is ever sufficient to prevent impact with the end wall. However, the smaller the distance the sensor senses the piston, the more corrections to the excitation current are required to preclude a collision. It is therefore desirable to provide a linear compressor in which these basic difficulties have little effect.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst, indem bei einem Linearverdichter mit einem in einer Verdichterkammer oszillierend beweglichen Kolben und einem an einer Stirnwand der Verdichterkammer angeordneten Näherungssensor zur Erfassung einer Annäherung des Kolbens an die Stirnwand der Näherungssensor einer Aussparung der Stirnwand benachbart ist und der Kolben einen Vorsprung trägt, der am oberen Totpunkt der Kolbenbewegung in die Aussparung eingreift. Die ineinander greifenden Konturen von Aussparung und Vorsprung haben nämlich zur Folge, dass der axiale Längsabstand zwischen der Stirnfläche des nach vorne in Richtung Stirnwand der Verdichterkammer abstehenden Kolbens und der Lageebene der Innenseite der Stirnwand der Verdichterkammer nicht der Restbewegungsfreiheit des Kolbens entspricht, d.h. dem Weg, den der Kolben noch in Richtung der Stirnwand zurücklegen kann, bevor er mit ihr kollidiert. Vielmehr ist die Restbewegungsfreiheit des Kolbens etwa um den Überstand des Vorsprungs gegenüber die diesen umgebende Stirnfläche des Kolbens verlängert. Dadurch ergibt sich eine definierte Sicherheitszone für den noch möglichen Vorwärtshub des Kolbens in Richtung Stirnwand, bevor die Stirnfläche des Kolbens, die außen um den Vorsprung herum angeordnet und gegenüber diesem um dessen axiale Länge zurückversetzt ist, mit der kammerinneren, um die Aussparung herum angeordneten Stirnfläche der Stirnwand in Kontakt kommt. So wird der axiale Abstand zwischen Sensor und dem Vorsprung des Kolbens praktisch zu Null gemessen bzw. erfasst, sobald der Vorsprung in die Aussparung eingreift, ohne dass gleichzeitig die Restbewegungsfreiheit des Kolbens verschwindet. Sobald vom Sensor erfasst wird, dass der axiale Längsabstand zwischen dem Vorsprung und der um die Aussparung herum liegende Stirnwandfläche gleich Null ist, ist dem Kolben nur noch ein definierter Vorwärtshubweg ermöglicht, der kleiner als die axiale Länge des Vorsprungs ist, um eine unerwünschte Kollision zwischen der außen um den Vorsprung, vorzugsweise konzentrisch, angeordneten Kolbenstirnfläche und der außen, vorzugsweise konzentrisch angeordneten, kammerinneren Stirnfläche der Stirnwand der Verdichterkammer zu vermeiden. Diese Voraberkennung bzw. Voraberfassung der tatsächlichen Position der vorderen Kolbenstirnseite, bevor diese die Stirnwand der Verdichterkammer kontaktieren würde, erlaubt eine gezielte und definierte Kontrolle der weiteren Kolbenhubbewegung in Richtung auf die vordere Stirnwand der Verdichterkammer zu. So verbessert sich das Verhältnis von Messgenauigkeit zur Restbewegungsfreiheit, und eine genaue Steuerung der Kolbenbewegung ist mit geringen Steuereingriffen möglich.This object is achieved by the proximity sensor of a recess of the end wall is adjacent in a linear compressor with an oscillatingly movable in a compression chamber piston and a arranged on an end wall of the compressor chamber proximity sensor for detecting an approach of the piston to the end wall and the piston carries a projection, engages in the recess at the top dead center of the piston movement. The interlocking contours of recess and projection have the consequence that the axial longitudinal distance between the end face of the protruding toward the front wall of the compression chamber piston and the position plane of the inside of the end wall of the compressor chamber does not correspond to the residual movement freedom of the piston, ie the Way the piston can still travel in the direction of the front wall before colliding with it. Rather, the residual freedom of movement of the piston is extended to about the supernatant of the projection relative to the surrounding end face of the piston. This results in a defined safety zone for the still possible forward stroke of the piston in the direction of the end wall, before the end face of the piston, which is arranged externally around the projection and is set back relative to the latter by its axial length, with the chamber interior, arranged around the recess end face the front wall comes into contact. Thus, the axial distance between the sensor and the projection of the piston is practically measured or detected as zero as soon as the projection engages in the recess, without at the same time the residual freedom of movement of the piston disappears. Once the sensor detects that the axial longitudinal distance between the projection and the end wall surface around the recess is zero, the piston is allowed only a defined forward stroke, which is smaller than the axial length of the projection to an undesirable collision between the outside about the projection, preferably concentric, arranged piston end face and the outside, preferably concentrically arranged, inner chamber end face of the end wall of the compression chamber to avoid. This pre-detection or advance detection of the actual position of the front piston face before it would contact the end wall of the compression chamber, allows a targeted and defined control of the further piston stroke towards the front end wall of the compression chamber. This improves the ratio of measurement accuracy to residual motion freedom, and precise control of piston movement is possible with little control intervention.

Insbesondere ist die Stirnwand der Verdichterkammer durch deren Ventilplatte gebildet.In particular, the end wall of the compression chamber is formed by the valve plate.

Der Näherungssensor ist vorzugsweise ein preiswert verfügbarer induktiver Sensor.The proximity sensor is preferably a low-cost available inductive sensor.

Um einen Luftspalt zwischen dem Vorsprung und der Aussparung mit Beginn des Eintauchens schnell zu minimieren, weisen vorzugsweise Aussparung und Vorsprung zur axialen Bewegungsrichtung parallele Seitenflächen auf. So kommt es zu Beginn des Eintauchens zu einem abrupten, leicht und präzise erfassbaren Induktivitätsanstieg.In order to quickly minimize an air gap between the projection and the recess with the onset of immersion, preferably recess and projection on the axial direction of movement parallel side surfaces. Thus, at the beginning of the immersion, there is an abrupt, easily and precisely detectable increase in inductance.

Um den Abstand zwischen Sensor und Kolben weiter zu minimieren, ist der Näherungssensor vorzugsweise auf der der Verdichterkammer zugewandten Seite der Stirnwand angeordnet. Da folglich der Näherungssensor den Kolben nicht durch die Stirnwand hindurch erfassen muss, kann die Stirnwand metallisch sein. Dies hat neben einer hohen Haltbarkeit den Vorteil einer Abschirmung des Sensors gegen äußere Magnetfelder, die seine Messgenauigkeit beeinträchtigen könnten.In order to further minimize the distance between the sensor and the piston, the proximity sensor is preferably arranged on the side of the end wall facing the compressor chamber. As a result, since the proximity sensor does not need to detect the piston through the end wall, the end wall may be metallic. In addition to a high durability, this has the advantage of shielding the sensor against external magnetic fields, which could impair its measuring accuracy.

Eine Spule des Sensors ist vorzugsweise rings um die Aussparung herum angeordnet.A coil of the sensor is preferably disposed around the recess.

Indem die Aussparung auf der Längsachse der zylindrischen Verdichterkammer liegt, kann sichergestellt werden, dass unabhängig von einer eventuellen Drehung des Kolbens um seine Längsachse der Vorsprung stets in die Aussparung trifft. Es besteht daher keine Notwendigkeit, die Drehbewegungsfreiheit des Kolbens zu begrenzen, was wiederum den Aufbau des Verdichters vereinfacht.By the recess is located on the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical compression chamber, it can be ensured that, regardless of a possible rotation of the piston about its longitudinal axis of the projection always meets in the recess. There is therefore no need to limit the rotational freedom of the piston, which in turn simplifies the construction of the compressor.

Die Aussparung kann gleichzeitig einen Durchgang für vom Verdichter umgewälztes Fluid darstellen. Vorzugsweise ist der Durchgang eine Auslassöffnung der Verdichterkammer, da diese keinen Ventilkörper auf Seiten der Verdichterkammer benötigt, dessen Bewegung die Erfassungsergebnisse des Sensors verfälschen könnte.The recess may simultaneously constitute a passage for fluid circulated by the compressor. Preferably, the passage is an outlet port of the compression chamber, since it does not require a valve body on the side of the compression chamber whose movement could falsify the detection results of the sensor.

Um einer Verfälschung der Erfassungsergebnisse durch die Bewegung des Ventilkörpers vorzubeugen, besteht letzterer vorzugsweise aus einem dielektrischen Material, das für den magnetischen Sensor praktisch "unsichtbar" ist.In order to prevent a falsification of the detection results by the movement of the valve body, the latter is preferably made of a dielectric material which is practically "invisible" to the magnetic sensor.

Sonstige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen wiedergegeben.Other developments of the invention are given in the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung und ihre Weiterbildungen zusammen mit deren weiteren Vorteilen werden nachfolgend anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention and its developments together with their further advantages will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Längsschnitt eines vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Linearverdichters; und
Fig. 2
eine perspektivische Ansicht der Stirnwand der Verdichterkammer eines solchen Linearverdichters.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic longitudinal section of an advantageous embodiment of a linear compressor according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
a perspective view of the end wall of the compression chamber of such a linear compressor.

Das Antriebsaggregat des in Fig. 1 gezeigten Linearverdichters für ein Haushalts-Kältegerät umfasst in an sich bekannter Weise ein E-förmiges metallisches Joch 1 mit drei parallelen Fingern, um dessen mittleren Finger eine Erregerwicklung 2 angeordnet ist. In einem Luftspalt zwischen dem Joch 1 und einem gegenüberliegenden Joch 3 ist ein magnetischer Anker 4 an Blattfedern 5 oszillierend beweglich aufgehängt. Die Erregerwicklung 2 ist von einer nicht dargestellten Steuerschaltung mit einem Wechselstrom beaufschlagbar, der in dem Luftspalt Magnetfelder von zeitlich abwechselnder Orientierung erzeugt, die die Bewegung des Ankers 4 antreiben. Das Joch 3 kann wie in der Fig. 1 gezeigt, passiv sein, oder es kann spiegelbildlich zu dem Joch 1 angeordnet und ebenfalls mit einer Erregerwicklung bestückt sein.The drive unit of in Fig. 1 shown linear compressor for a household refrigeration appliance comprises in a conventional manner an E-shaped metal yoke 1 with three parallel fingers, around whose middle finger a field winding 2 is arranged. In an air gap between the yoke 1 and an opposite yoke 3, a magnetic armature 4 is suspended on leaf springs 5 oscillating movable. The excitation winding 2 is acted upon by an unillustrated control circuit with an alternating current, which generates in the air gap magnetic fields of temporally alternating orientation, which drive the movement of the armature 4. The yoke 3 can as in the Fig. 1 be shown to be passive, or it may be arranged in mirror image to the yoke 1 and also be equipped with a field winding.

Der Anker 4 treibt über eine Kolbenstange 6 einen zylindrischen Kolben 7 in einer Verdichterkammer 8 an. Die Verdichterkammer 8 ist an einem vom Antriebsaggregat abgewandten Ende durch eine Stirnwand 9 abgeschlossen, in der mit Ventilen 10, 11 bestückte Öffnungen 12, 13 gebildet sind. Die Stirnwand ist also vorzugsweise als Ventilplatte der Verdichterkammer ausgebildet. Die Öffnungen 12, 13 bilden Ansaug- bzw. Ausstoßöffnungen für ein von dem Verdichter umgewälztes Kältemittel. Eine der Öffnungen, die Ausstoßöffnung 13, liegt exakt auf der Längsachse der Verdichterkammer 8. Ein zylindrischer Vorsprung 14 auf dem Kolben 7 ist bemessen und platziert, um mit geringem Spiel in die Öffnung 13 einzutauchen, kurz bevor der Kolben 7 die Stirnwand 9 berührt.The armature 4 drives a cylindrical piston 7 in a compression chamber 8 via a piston rod 6. The compressor chamber 8 is closed at an end remote from the drive unit by an end wall 9, in which valves 10, 11 equipped openings 12, 13 are formed. The end wall is thus preferably designed as a valve plate of the compressor chamber. The openings 12, 13 form suction and discharge ports for a refrigerant circulated by the compressor. One of the openings, the discharge opening 13, lies exactly on the longitudinal axis of the compression chamber 8. A cylindrical projection 14 on the piston 7 is dimensioned and placed to dive with a small clearance in the opening 13, just before the piston 7 touches the end wall 9.

Wie insbesondere in Fig. 2 gut zu erkennen, erstreckt sich rings um die Öffnung 13 eine Spule 15 eines induktiven Sensors. Die Induktivität der Spule 15 ist abhängig von der magnetischen Permeabilität ihrer Umgebung und damit vom Abstand des Kolbens 7 von der Stirnwand 9. So lange das - in Fig. 1 durch gestrichelte Linien - angedeutete Magnetfeld der Spule 15 den Kolben 7 im Wesentlichen nicht erreicht, ist die Induktivität der Spule 15 und damit das Messsignal des induktiven Sensors, von dem sie ein Teil ist, weitgehend unabhängig von der Position des Kolbens 7. Wenn der Kolben 7 auf seinem Weg zum oberen Totpunkt beginnt, in das Feld einzudringen, nimmt die Induktivität allmählich zu, und ein starker Zuwachs an Induktivität ist zu verzeichnen, wenn der Vorsprung 14 sich der Öffnung 13 nähert und beginnt, in diese einzudringen. Hier reduziert sich die Breite eines Luftspalts zwischen der metallischen Stirnwand 9 und dem ebenfalls metallischen Kolben 7 im Bereich des Vorsprungs 14 auf nahezu null, obwohl dem Kolben 7 vor einem Kontakt mit der Stirnwand 9 noch eine Restbewegungsfreiheit verbleibt, die in etwa der axialen Länge des Vorsprungs 14 entspricht. So ist der induktive Sensor in der Lage, ein Messsignal, das die Unterschreitung eines vorgegebenen Abstands zwischen Kolben 7 und Stirnwand 9 anzeigt, mit deutlich höherer Genauigkeit zu liefern als im Falle eines herkömmlichen Kolbens mit planer Stirnseite.As in particular in Fig. 2 to recognize well, extends around the opening 13, a coil 15 of an inductive sensor. The inductance of the coil 15 is dependent on the magnetic permeability of their environment and thus the distance of the piston 7 from the end wall 9. As long as - in Fig. 1 by dashed lines - indicated magnetic field of the coil 15 does not substantially reach the piston 7, the inductance of the coil 15 and thus the measurement signal of the inductive sensor, of which it is a part, largely independent of the position of the piston 7. If the piston 7 on its way to top dead center begins to penetrate into the field, the inductance gradually increases, and a large increase in inductance is recorded when the Projection 14 approaches the opening 13 and begins to penetrate into it. Here, the width of an air gap between the metallic end wall 9 and the likewise metallic piston 7 in the region of the projection 14 is reduced to almost zero, although the piston 7 remains in contact with the end wall 9 still a residual freedom of movement, which is approximately the axial length of the Projection 14 corresponds. Thus, the inductive sensor is able to deliver a measurement signal indicating that the distance between a piston 7 and end wall 9 is below a specified distance with much higher accuracy than in the case of a conventional piston with a flat end face.

Da die Spule auf der der Verdichterkammer 8 zugewandten Seite der Stirnwand 9 liegt, ist das Erfassungsergebnis des induktiven Sensors unabhängig von der Dicke der Stirnwand 9. In der Praxis kann man zweckmäßigerweise die Dicke der Stirnwand in etwa entsprechend einer Entfernung zwischen Kolben und Stirnwand wählen, deren Unterschreitung mit Hilfe des Sensors erfasst werden soll, und der Sensor ist ausgelegt, ein Erfassungssignal jeweils beim Eintauchen des Vorsprungs 14 in die Öffnung 13 zu liefern, d.h. dort, wo die Induktivität am stärksten mit der Kolbenstellung variiert und folglich die exakteste Erfassung möglich ist.Since the coil is located on the side of the end wall 9 facing the compression chamber 8, the detection result of the inductive sensor is independent of the thickness of the end wall 9. In practice, it is expedient to choose the thickness of the end wall approximately corresponding to a distance between the piston and the end wall. the undershooting of which is to be detected by means of the sensor, and the sensor is designed to deliver a detection signal each time the projection 14 is dipped into the opening 13, ie where the inductance varies most with the piston position and consequently the most accurate detection is possible.

Eine erwünschte Nebenwirkung des Vorsprungs 14 ist eine Verringerung des Totvolumens der Verdichterkammer 8 am oberen Umkehrpunkt, da das verdichtete Kältemittel auch aus der Öffnung 13 weitgehend ausgetrieben wird.A desirable side effect of the projection 14 is a reduction in the dead volume of the compression chamber 8 at the upper reversal point, since the compressed refrigerant is expelled from the opening 13 largely.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine detaillierte perspektivische Ansicht der Stirnwand 9 und der Ventile 10, 11 des Verdichters aus Fig. 1. Der projizierte Umriss des Kolbens 7 ist an der Stirnwand 9 als gestrichelter Kreis 16 eingezeichnet. Außerhalb des Kreises 16, an den vier Ecken der Stirnwand, sind Bohrungen 17 gebildet, um nicht dargestellte Schrauben aufzunehmen, die die Verdichterkammer 8 mit einem Kopfstück 18 (siehe Fig. 1) jenseits der Stirnwand 9 verbinden und die Verdichterkammer 8 und die Stirnwand 9 dicht gegeneinander gepresst halten. Eine weitere Bohrung 19 verbindet eine druckseitige Kammer 20 des Kopfstücks 18 mit einem die Verdichterkammer 8 umgebenden ringförmigen Hohlraum 21, von dem aus ein kleiner Teil des verdichteten Kältemittels durch feine Bohrung zurück in die Verdichterkammer 8 fließt, um ein Druckgaslager für den Kolben 7 zu bilden. Fig. 2 shows a detailed perspective view of the end wall 9 and the valves 10, 11 of the compressor Fig. 1 , The projected outline of the piston 7 is shown on the end wall 9 as a dashed circle 16. Outside the circle 16, at the four corners of the end wall, bores 17 are formed to receive screws, not shown, which surround the compression chamber 8 with a header 18 (see FIG Fig. 1 ) connect beyond the end wall 9 and keep the compressor chamber 8 and the end wall 9 tightly pressed against each other. A further bore 19 connects a pressure-side chamber 20 of the head piece 18 with an annular cavity 21 surrounding the compressor chamber 8, from which a small portion of the compressed refrigerant flows through fine bore back into the compression chamber 8 to form a compressed gas bearing for the piston 7 ,

Zwei weitere Bohrungen 22 in der Stirnwand 9 dienen der Befestigung der Ventile 10, 11, auf deren Aufbau an späterer Stelle noch genau eingegangen wird.Two further holes 22 in the end wall 9 are used to attach the valves 10, 11, whose structure will be discussed in more detail later.

Innerhalb des Kreises 16 erkennt man die zentrale Auslassöffnung 13, die konzentrisch zur Auslassöffnung 13 in eine Nut der Stirnwand 9 eingefügte Spule 15, Anschlussleitungen 23 der Spule 15, die durch dicht verfüllte Bohrungen 24 auf die von der Verdichterkammer 8 abgewandte Seite der Stirnwand 9 durchgeführt sind, sowie die Einlassöffnung 12 in Form eines zur Auslassöffnung 13 konzentrischen Bogens.Within the circle 16 can be seen the central outlet opening 13, which is concentric with the outlet opening 13 inserted into a groove of the end wall 9 coil 15, connecting lines 23 of the coil 15, which performed by tightly filled holes 24 on the side facing away from the compressor chamber 8 side of the end wall 9 are, as well as the inlet opening 12 in the form of a concentric with the outlet 13 arc.

Die Ventile 10, 11 sind als Blattfedern ausgeführt, die mit Hilfe von sich durch die Bohrungen 22 erstreckenden Nieten 25 an der Stirnwand befestigt sind. Die Blattfedern der Ventile 11, 12 haben jeweils einen lang gestreckten Fuß 26, in dem zu den Bohrungen 22 komplementäre Löcher 27 für die Nieten 25 gebildet sind, und eine von dem Fuß zur Längsachse hin abstehende elastische Zunge 28.The valves 10, 11 are designed as leaf springs, which are fastened by means of rivets 25 extending through the bores 22 on the end wall. The leaf springs of the valves 11, 12 each have an elongated root 26 in which holes 22 complementary to the bores 27 are formed for the rivets 25, and an elastic tongue 28 projecting from the root towards the longitudinal axis.

In die Zunge 28 des Ventils 10 ist eine Öffnung 29 geschnitten, die, wenn das Ventil an der Stirnwand 9 vernietet ist, die Auslassöffnung 13 freilässt. Ein Endabschnitt 30 der Zunge 28, der sich bogenförmig um die Öffnung 29 erstreckt, bildet einen Absperrkörper des Einlassventils 10, der in entspanntem Zustand die Einlassöffnung 12 abdeckt.In the tongue 28 of the valve 10, an opening 29 is cut, which, when the valve is riveted to the end wall 9, the outlet opening 13 leaves free. An end portion 30 of the tongue 28, which extends in an arc around the opening 29, forms a shut-off body of the inlet valve 10, which covers the inlet opening 12 in a relaxed state.

Die Zunge 28 des Auslassventils 11 liegt von außen an der Auslassbohrung 13 an, wobei ihre Spitze als Absperrkörper des Auslassventils 11 fungiert.The tongue 28 of the outlet valve 11 abuts against the outlet bore 13 from the outside, its tip acting as a shut-off member of the outlet valve 11.

Die Blattfedern der Ventile 10, 11 können aus einem elastischen dielektrischem Material wie etwa einem Kunststoff bestehen, so dass die Stellung des Einlassventils 10 die Induktivität der Spule 15 nicht maßgeblich beeinflusst. Alternativ kann das Ventil 10 auch aus Federstahl gefertigt sein, wenn seine Öffnung 28 groß genug ist, um die Spule 15 freizulassen.The leaf springs of the valves 10, 11 may be made of an elastic dielectric material such as a plastic, so that the position of the inlet valve 10 does not significantly affect the inductance of the coil 15. Alternatively, the valve 10 may be made of spring steel when its opening 28 is large enough to release the coil 15.

An Stelle einer aus Draht gewickelten Spule 15 kommt auch eine auf einer Leiterplatte gedruckte Spule in Betracht.Instead of a wire wound coil 15 is also a printed on a printed circuit board coil into consideration.

Claims (11)

  1. Linear compressor with a piston (7) reciprocatingly movable in a compressor chamber and a proximity sensor (15), which is arranged at an end wall (9) of the compressor chamber (8), for detecting approach of the piston (7) to the end wall (9), characterised in that the proximity sensor (9) is adjacent to a cut-out (13) of the end wall (9) and that the piston (7) carries a projection (14) which at the top dead centre of the piston movement engages in the cut-out (13).
  2. Linear compressor according to claim 1, characterised in that the proximity sensor (15) is an inductive sensor.
  3. Linear compressor according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the cut-out (13) and projection (14) have side surfaces parallel to the axial movement direction of the piston (7).
  4. Linear compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the proximity sensor (15) is arranged on the side of the end wall (9) facing the compressor chamber (8).
  5. Linear compressor according to claim 4, characterised in that the end wall (9) is metallic.
  6. Linear compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the sensor (15) comprises a coil (15) surrounding the cut-out.
  7. Linear compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cut-out (13) lies on the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical compressor chamber (8).
  8. Linear compressor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cut-out (13) is a passage (13) for fluid circulated by the compressor.
  9. Linear compressor according to claim 8, characterised in that the passage (13) is an outlet opening (13) of the compressor chamber (8).
  10. Linear compressor according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that a valve body (11) of dielectric material is associated with the passage (13).
  11. Refrigerating appliance, particularly domestic refrigerating appliance, with at least one linear compressor according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP09765859A 2008-06-20 2009-06-17 Linear compressor Not-in-force EP2304234B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008029370A DE102008029370A1 (en) 2008-06-20 2008-06-20 linear compressor
PCT/EP2009/057513 WO2009153279A1 (en) 2008-06-20 2009-06-17 Linear compressor

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EP2304234A1 EP2304234A1 (en) 2011-04-06
EP2304234B1 true EP2304234B1 (en) 2012-05-16

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US (1) US20110164991A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2304234B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102084131A (en)
DE (1) DE102008029370A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2010154184A (en)
WO (1) WO2009153279A1 (en)

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DE102010002554A1 (en) * 2010-03-03 2011-09-08 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH linear compressor
DE102010002555A1 (en) * 2010-03-03 2011-09-08 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH linear compressor
DE102010002552A1 (en) * 2010-03-03 2011-09-08 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH linear compressor
DE102010002553A1 (en) * 2010-03-03 2011-09-08 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH linear compressor
DE102013113351A1 (en) * 2013-12-03 2015-06-03 Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh Method for calibrating a membrane vacuum pump and membrane vacuum pump
DE102014225412A1 (en) * 2014-12-10 2016-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Piston pump with a piston with profiled piston front
RU207096U1 (en) * 2021-05-25 2021-10-12 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-воздушных сил "Военно-воздушная академия имени профессора Н.Е. Жуковского и Ю.А. Гагарина" (г. Воронеж) Министерства обороны Российской Федерации PISTON DETANDER

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DE3246731A1 (en) 1982-12-17 1984-06-20 Wabco Westinghouse Steuerungstechnik GmbH & Co, 3000 Hannover Device for detecting the position of the piston of a working cylinder
BR0203724B1 (en) 2002-09-12 2011-08-09 fluid pump and fluid transfer plate and inductive sensor for fluid pump.
DE102004010403A1 (en) 2004-03-03 2005-09-22 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Reversing linear drive with means for detecting an anchor position
DE102007034293A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Lift-controlled linear compressor

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EP2304234A1 (en) 2011-04-06
RU2010154184A (en) 2012-07-27
DE102008029370A1 (en) 2009-12-24
CN102084131A (en) 2011-06-01
WO2009153279A1 (en) 2009-12-23
US20110164991A1 (en) 2011-07-07

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