EP2304207A1 - Verfahren zum betreiben einer brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben einer brennkraftmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2304207A1 EP2304207A1 EP09780330A EP09780330A EP2304207A1 EP 2304207 A1 EP2304207 A1 EP 2304207A1 EP 09780330 A EP09780330 A EP 09780330A EP 09780330 A EP09780330 A EP 09780330A EP 2304207 A1 EP2304207 A1 EP 2304207A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- injection
- pressure
- characterizes
- combustion chamber
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
- F02D35/024—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure using an estimation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
- F02D41/403—Multiple injections with pilot injections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to a computer program, an electrical storage medium and a control and / or regulating device.
- the opening behavior of the fuel injection device depends on the equilibrium of forces in the region of a valve element of the fuel injection device. This equilibrium of forces also depends on the prevailing pressure, since this pressure acts on the valve element from the outside when the fuel injection device is closed.
- a high pressure in the combustion chamber usually supports opening of the fuel injection device, with the result that the injection at the same electrical control at a high pressure in the combustion chamber begins earlier than at a low pressure in the combustion chamber.
- the injection rate also depends on the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber. At a high pressure in the combustion chamber, the injection rate is reduced, since the difference between the pressure, for example, in the common rail and the pressure in the combustion chamber is smaller.
- Object of the present invention is to develop a method of the type mentioned so that the fuel injected into a combustion chamber corresponds in time and quantitatively as precisely as possible to the setpoints.
- This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.
- Advantageous developments are specified in subclaims. Further solutions to the problem can be found, moreover, in the independent claims.
- important features are also given in the following description and in the drawing or illustrated, wherein the features of the invention may be important both alone and in different combinations, without being explicitly pointed out.
- An advantage of the invention is that it is possible, with a simple model whose data can be determined on an engine test bench, to determine a quantity which characterizes the pressure which prevails immediately before a first injection. Knowing this pressure, a control variable of a fuel injection device can be adjusted so that the actual amount of fuel injected corresponds very precisely to the desired amount of fuel and that the time corresponds to a desired time. Changes in the operating point of the internal combustion engine, to which the first injection takes place, are taken into account.
- a first particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention also makes it possible to determine a variable which characterizes the pressure which prevails immediately before a further injection, ie after the first injection and combustion. This takes into account the pressure increase caused by the combustion of the previous injection.
- the method steps specified according to the invention are simply repeated for each injection or group of injections, so that it is possible to determine a variable up to a time immediately before a (last) post-injection which determines the then prevailing pressure in the combustion chamber characterized. Just such post-injections take place at very different pressures in the combustion chamber, so that here the invention can be applied particularly meaningful. But also pre-injections and main injections take place at different pressures in the combustion chamber, so that here makes the application of the method according to the invention also makes sense.
- a known difference between a desired injection quantity and an actual injection quantity can be taken into account. Such differences occur, for example, when the actual injection quantity is always smaller than the injection quantity defined by the control and / or regulating device. This difference can then be taken into account in the determination of the quantity which characterizes a pressure increase due to combustion (step (d)).
- the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber is also influenced by the current temperature of the internal combustion engine. For example, a comparatively low temperature of the internal combustion engine leads to a lower heat release during the combustion of the injected fuel, which leads to a lower pressure increase. If, as proposed in a further development of the method according to the invention, a current temperature of the internal combustion engine is taken into account in step (d), the precision in determining the parameter characterizing the pressure is further improved.
- step (d) An easy way to characterize the pressure increase in step (d) is to use a simplified thermodynamic formula from the
- step (d) the quantity that characterizes the pressure increase in step (d) can be determined using empirical
- Relationships are determined, with a speed of the internal combustion engine and a desired injection quantity or equivalent sizes are used as input variables.
- Such empirical relationships can be expressed, for example, in the form of a characteristic map or in the form of characteristic curves which are created on the test bench of a typical internal combustion engine. This is easily possible and allows a reliable determination of the pressure development even over a prolonged combustion away, for example, over the combustion of a total main injection. This method thus provides particularly precise results when the pressure at the time of starting a post-injection is to be determined.
- a simple and computationally-conservative possibility for carrying out the method according to the invention is to use characteristic fields and / or characteristic curves for specific calculations. These are usually created on an engine test bench for a reference operating condition. In real operation of the internal combustion engine, however, this can also have an operating state which differs from the reference operating state. Therefore, if a correction is carried out when determining a quantity on the basis of a characteristic curve and / or a map which takes into account at least one difference between the reference operating state and the actual operating state, the result of the method according to the invention is improved once again.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a portion of an internal combustion engine
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram in which a control quantity of a fuel
- Injector of Figure 1 is plotted over time at different combustion chamber pressures
- FIG. 4 shows a functional diagram of a first part of a method for operating the
- FIG. 5 is a functional diagram similar to FIG. 4 of a second part of the method.
- a diesel internal combustion engine bears the reference numeral 10 as a whole. It comprises a plurality of cylinders, of which only one is shown in FIG. 1 with the reference numeral 12.
- the cylinder 12 comprises a combustion chamber 14, which is bounded by a combustion chamber wall 16 and a piston 18. By a reciprocating movement of the piston 18, a crankshaft 20 is rotated.
- Fuel 25 is injected into the combustion chamber 14 directly from a fuel injector 26. This is connected to a fuel pressure accumulator 28, also called “common rail” connected. In this the fuel is stored under high pressure.
- Combustion exhaust gases are discharged from the combustion chamber 14 via an exhaust valve 30 and an exhaust pipe 32.
- the operation of the internal combustion engine 10 is controlled and regulated by a control and regulating device 34.
- the fuel injection device 26 is controlled by the control and regulating device 34 with a corresponding control variable.
- the pressure in the common rail 28 is influenced by the control and regulating device 34, inter alia by controlling a high-pressure conveyor, not shown. Signals receive the control and regulating device 34 from various sensors. This includes a pressure sensor 36, which detects the fuel pressure prevailing in the common rail 28, a boost pressure sensor 38, which detects the pressure prevailing in the intake manifold 22 air pressure, a temperature sensor 40, the current operating temperature of
- crankshaft sensor 42 which detects the current position and the rotational speed of the crankshaft 20.
- Fuel quantity dq / dt (injection rate") of the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber 14 pressure.
- An arrow 44 in Figure 3 means a rather low pressure in the combustion chamber 14, an arrow 46 a rather high pressure.
- the injection rate is lower at low pressure and the injection duration is shorter than at high pressure.
- FIG. 3 shows the case of a pilot injection in which comparatively small quantities are injected.
- the valve element of the fuel injector 26 remains in the so-called "seat throttle area", in which the injection rate primarily from the stroke of the valve element depends.
- a high pressure in the combustion chamber accelerates the opening of the valve element. This is followed by a long movement of the valve element with a high "flight curve” and a late closing. This leads to a comparatively high injection quantity.
- At low combustion chamber pressure results in such a pilot injection, a comparatively small injection quantity.
- the case is considered that initially three pilot injections, followed by a main injection and finally a post-injection take place.
- a method is explained with which a quantity characterizing the pressure immediately after the end of the pilot injections and a variable characterizing the pressure immediately before the main injection can be determined.
- Input variables are the crank angles A1, A2 and A3, to which the first, the second and the third pilot injection occur in chronological order. Input variables are also the injection quantities qi, q 2 and q 3 of the three pilot injections, the boost pressure p 22 detected by the boost pressure sensor 38 at the time at which the intake valve 24 closes at the beginning of a compression stroke, and finally the crank angle A4 at the beginning of the main injection.
- crank angles Al - A3 are each fed to a characteristic curve 48, by which the polytropic compression due to the volume change of the combustion chamber 14, which is caused by the compression movement of the piston 18, is taken into account.
- the characteristic curve 48 implicitly follows the following physical formula:
- V 2 combustion chamber volume at the time of pi
- p 2 kappa 1.37 (polytropic coefficient).
- the characteristic 48 is determined by measurement on an engine test bench with cylinder pressure sensors.
- the fuel quantity injected during the three pilot injections (sum of qi, q 2 and q 3 ) burns abruptly and at the same time. Therefore, the injected fuel quantities qi, q 2 and q 3 are summed up in FIGS. 56 and 58.
- the sum result is fed into a characteristic curve 60, which contains an empirical conversion between fuel quantity and heat energy released during the combustion. Normally, for commercial European diesel fuel for a fuel quantity of 1 mm 3, a heat energy of 25 joules can be assumed. Instead of a characteristic curve, a multiplication by this factor would also be possible.
- a quantity of heat Q released during the combustion of the fuel quantities qi + q 2 + q 3 is obtained .
- this variable is multiplied by the output of a characteristic curve 64, which receives as input quantity a temperature T of the internal combustion engine 10 provided by the temperature sensor 40.
- the characteristic curve 64 takes into account that lower energy is released by the pilot injections when the internal combustion engine 10 is cold. It is empirically constructed by measuring the heat release at various temperatures of a test bed internal combustion engine.
- the quantity of heat released corrected by the multiplication in 62 is multiplied in 66 by the output of a characteristic curve 68 which receives as input the crank angle A3 to which the last pilot injection takes place in chronological order.
- the factor provided at the output of the characteristic 64 converts the corrected amount of heat released into a pressure increase dp 2 caused by combustion of the pre-injected fuel quantities qi, q 2 and q 3 .
- the characteristic curve 68 is based on a simplified equation from the heat history calculation in thermodynamics, in which It is assumed that the entire pre-combustion takes place at the time or at the crank angle A3 of the last pilot injection, and that the volume change during combustion is equal to zero. This results in the pressure change dp 2 according to the following formula:
- K polytropic exponent
- V volume of combustion chamber 14 at the time of pre-combustion
- ⁇ Q heat released by the combustion of pilot injections.
- This result is used to determine the pressure in the combustion chamber 14 at the time of the main injection as follows: First, the crank angle A3 of the last pilot injection is fed to a characteristic curve 72 at the output of which the volume of the combustion chamber 14 at the time of the last pilot injection is obtained. The crank angle A4 to which the main injection is made is also fed to the characteristic curve 72, thereby obtaining the volume of the combustion chamber 14 at the time of the main injection. By dividing into 74, one obtains the ratio of the combustion chamber volume at the time of the main injection to the combustion chamber volume at the time of the last pilot injection. This ratio is fed to a characteristic curve 76, which takes into account the physical relationships of a polytropic compression already mentioned above in connection with the characteristic 48, which is multiplied in FIG. 78 by the pressure p 3 at the end of the pilot injections. The result is a pressure p 4 , which prevails at the beginning of the main injection.
- differences between the desired injection quantity predetermined by the control and regulating device 34 and the actual injection quantity can also be taken into account. Such differences occur, for example, when the actual injection quantity is generally smaller than the injection quantity predetermined by the control and regulating device 34. This difference can then be applied in the characteristic curve 60. If the individual pilot injections have different quantity deviations, this can possibly be taken into account by means of individual characteristic curves.
- the speed n and the target fuel quantity q4 so n are fed into a map 80, which was determined on an engine test bench at certain reference conditions, and which provides as output a crank angle A6, to which the combustion of the main injection ends.
- the crank angle A6 is fed to the characteristic curve 72, which outputs a volume of the combustion chamber 14 at the crank angle A6, ie at the end of the main injection.
- the crank angle A5 at the start of the post-injection is also fed to the map 72, which outputs a volume of the combustion chamber 14 at the time point or at the crank angle of the post-injection.
- the two volumes are set in relation.
- the ratio is fed to the characteristic line 76, which takes into account the polytropic expansion between main injection and post-injection and outputs a corresponding scalar expansion factor.
- the speed n and the target injection quantity q4 so n of the main injection are also fed to a map 84, by which the heat release during combustion of taken into account injected fuel quantity at the current speed and the corresponding pressure change dp3 at the crank angle A6 is output to the end of the main injection.
- the speed n and the target injection quantity q4 so n of the main injection are fed into a map 86, which outputs a pressure difference dp4.
- a difference of the current pressure in the combustion chamber 14 is taken into account by the pressure detected in the map of the characteristic field 80 on the engine test bench.
- a difference between the current crank angle A4 so n and the crank angle A4 ref present on the engine test bench during the generation of the map 84 is determined by feeding the rotational speed n and the desired fuel quantity q4 so n of the main injection into a map 88.
- the difference between A4 ref and A4 is formed SO ⁇ , and this difference is fed to a characteristic curve 92 which outputs a weighting factor, which in turn is multiplied in 94 with the pressure difference dp4. The result is added in 96 to the pressure difference dp3.
- a temperature correction is made: For this purpose, rotation speed n and set injection quantity q4 SO ⁇ the main injection in a map 98 is fed, which outputs a pressure difference dp5.
- the map 98 takes into account the influence of the temperature of the internal combustion engine 10 at a certain speed and a certain main injection quantity on the heat transfer.
- the speed n and the SoII fuel quantity q4 so n of the main injection are also fed to a map 100, which outputs a reference temperature T ref , the temperature prevailing at the engine dynamometer in the determination of the map 84 at the corresponding speed and the corresponding target injection quantity equivalent.
- the difference between the temperature T detected by the temperature sensor 40 and the temperature T ref is formed, and this difference is fed to a characteristic 104, which in turn generates a weighting factor. This is multiplied in 106 by the pressure difference dp5 and the result is also added in 108 to the pressure difference dp3. The result is added in 110 to the pressure p4, which gives a pressure p5 at the end of the main injection.
- the characteristic curves 92 and 104 are therefore weighting characteristics by which the deviations dp4 and dp5 are scaled.
- the maps 86 and 98 express the sensitivity of the quantities at the respective operating point.
- Another model, not shown, for calculating the pressure in the combustion chamber 14 after a main injection can be embodied as follows: In such a model, it can be assumed that the injected fuel mass is reacted completely and independently of its angular position. In this case, assuming the above polytropic state change, it is possible to calculate a "theoretical pressure in the combustion chamber 14" at the start of the main injection, again assuming that the combustion takes place abruptly, ie the end of the combustion is at the beginning of the main injection.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008040323A DE102008040323A1 (de) | 2008-07-10 | 2008-07-10 | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| PCT/EP2009/058685 WO2010003985A1 (de) | 2008-07-10 | 2009-07-08 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer brennkraftmaschine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2304207A1 true EP2304207A1 (de) | 2011-04-06 |
Family
ID=40933535
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09780330A Withdrawn EP2304207A1 (de) | 2008-07-10 | 2009-07-08 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer brennkraftmaschine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2304207A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102089510B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008040323A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010003985A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3817977B2 (ja) * | 1999-07-06 | 2006-09-06 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 圧縮着火式エンジンの制御方法 |
| DE10354658A1 (de) * | 2003-11-22 | 2005-06-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Voreinspritzmenge in einem eine Mengenausgleichsregelung aufweisenden Einspritzsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| US7117830B1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2006-10-10 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | System and method for direct injection of gaseous fuel into internal combustion engine |
| DE102005059909B4 (de) * | 2005-12-15 | 2016-10-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Verbrennungsmotors |
| CA2538984C (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-11-06 | Westport Research Inc. | Method of accurately metering a gaseous fuel that is injected directly into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine |
| US7506535B2 (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2009-03-24 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining a combustion parameter for an internal combustion engine |
-
2008
- 2008-07-10 DE DE102008040323A patent/DE102008040323A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-07-08 WO PCT/EP2009/058685 patent/WO2010003985A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-07-08 CN CN200980126570.2A patent/CN102089510B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-08 EP EP09780330A patent/EP2304207A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2010003985A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102089510B (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
| CN102089510A (zh) | 2011-06-08 |
| WO2010003985A1 (de) | 2010-01-14 |
| DE102008040323A1 (de) | 2010-01-14 |
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Owner name: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH |