EP2304103B1 - Determination of speed relations between driving groups of a paper machine - Google Patents

Determination of speed relations between driving groups of a paper machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2304103B1
EP2304103B1 EP09769084.6A EP09769084A EP2304103B1 EP 2304103 B1 EP2304103 B1 EP 2304103B1 EP 09769084 A EP09769084 A EP 09769084A EP 2304103 B1 EP2304103 B1 EP 2304103B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
pds
ads
web
moisture
drying
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EP09769084.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2304103A2 (en
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Edgar Fries
Gerd Michaelis
Johannes Reinschke
Albrecht Sieber
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G9/00—Other accessories for paper-making machines
    • D21G9/0009—Paper-making control systems
    • D21G9/0036—Paper-making control systems controlling the press or drying section
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
    • D21F5/04—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining speed relations between drive groups of a paper machine and a paper machine having at least one pre-drying section with at least one drive group, wherein the drive groups of the pre-drying section each have at least one drying cylinder for drying a paper web.
  • the invention further relates to a computer program for carrying out such a method and to a computer program product having such a computer program.
  • Such a process is used in the field of papermaking.
  • the pre-dryer section and the optional after-dryer section usually each consist of several steam-heated drying cylinders.
  • a plurality of drying cylinders lying one behind the other are typically driven together in a drive group at the same speed, e.g. the drying cylinders in the pre-drying section in m drive groups and the drying cylinders of the after-dryer section in n drive groups.
  • EP 1 795 893 A1 a method for determining the elongation property of a fibrous web is known in which the elongation property is calculated from the measured tensile force and the differential speed between two rolls.
  • the object of the invention is to automatically determine the speed relations of drive groups of a paper machine.
  • the measurement values required for the determination of the velocity relations are determined at a suitable location - e.g. in a computer program - provided. These measured values are typically already present in different parts of the system anyway. Only in the event that at least one of these required measured values should not be present in a special paper machine, does the provision of the measured values also include a measurement of the relevant measured values.
  • the relative humidity u_i of the paper web is calculated after each cylinder i of the pre-dryer section from the measured values provided.
  • the paper web moisture is in one place
  • a moisture-dependent modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity), e.g. is known from a laboratory measurement, can be calculated from a predetermined target web tension ⁇ the necessary web elongation ⁇ , from which in turn can then calculate the speed relations between the individual drive groups.
  • the target web tension ⁇ must not be constant in the entire pre-and post-dryer section, but vary between the individual drive groups, since the web in the pre-dryer section with increasing drying first obtains the required strength for a larger web tension.
  • the dry curve of the paper web over the individual drying cylinders is different after standstills or breaks than in the "steady state": After brief stoppages (eg after breaks) during which the drying cylinders generally heat up (somewhat), the subsequently produced paper web has one lower humidity profile (ie the humidity u_i at cylinder i is lower than normal). After long standstills, during which the steam pressures of the drying cylinders are reduced, the cylinders may not yet be at "operating temperature", and the moisture profile of the subsequently produced paper web is higher than normal. Thus, the system operator must adjust the speed relations when starting up to the changing conditions.
  • the solution according to the invention detects changes in the moisture profile and automatically determines the resulting changed speed relationships between the drive groups. This has the great advantage that the quality of the paper web produced no longer depends inter alia on the sophistication and attention of an operator (plant operator) is, but now guaranteed by a uniform web elongation consistent quality is reliably guaranteed.
  • the paper machine has a size press and a afterdrying section, each having at least one drive group, the drive groups of the afterdrying section having at least one drying cylinder for drying the paper web - measured values of speeds of the drive groups, of moisture measurements after the last drying cylinder Post-drying section, provided by a mass flow of the applied amount of glue as well as a water application in the size press and the web moisture between size press and afterdrying from the moisture measurement after the last drying cylinder of the pre-dryer and the water order calculated.
  • the speed relations can also be determined automatically for paper machines with a size press and after-dryer section between all drive groups.
  • the modulus of elasticity is calculated from the web moisture content, a web tension measured before and after the size press and the elongation determined from the velocities of the drive groups involved.
  • the calculation is done via another model ("E-modulus model").
  • E-modulus model This avoids uncertainties resulting from the use of a laboratory measurement for the moisture-dependent modulus of elasticity, since this implies that the property (of the modulus of elasticity) is sufficiently constant (which, however, is usually the case with, for example, newsprint machines).
  • the moisture-dependent modulus of elasticity is calculated from current measured values of the paper web, the method according to the invention also adapts automatically to changes in the modulus of elasticity in the paper web (completely adaptive).
  • the speed relations between the drive groups become automatic set.
  • the velocity relations calculated from the path expansions are specified as nominal values for the drive control.
  • the available measurement data of different and previously only separately considered parts of the plant are thus linked appropriately in order to achieve a favorable for the quality of the product and the availability of the process setting, which previously had to be set manually by the operator (approximately). Due to the process data obtained by continuous measurements, the method is automatically adaptive and has a high reliability.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a paper machine with a pre-dryer section (PDS, "Pre-Dryer Section"), a size press (SP, "Size Press”) and an after-dryer section (ADS, "After-Dryer Section”).
  • the pre-drying section PDS and the after-drying section ADS each consist of a plurality of steam-heated drying cylinders Z.
  • drying cylinders Z are driven together in a drive group PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n at the same speed, eg the drying cylinders Z in the pre-drying section PDS in m drive groups PDS_m-1, PDS_m and the drying cylinders Z of the after-dryer section ADS in n drive groups ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n.
  • a paper web PB is converted from a starting moisture to a specific one Final moisture dried. Since the web PB thereby changes its properties, such as the modulus of elasticity, which depends directly on the moisture content, the speeds of the individual dryer groups PDS, ADS must be adapted to the drying profile in order to maintain a uniform web tension ⁇ (also referred to as web tension), which is suitable for the Quality parameters of the goods is just as important for the stability of the web run (if possible, no overstretching, few breaks).
  • ⁇ also referred to as web tension
  • the target web tension ⁇ does not have to be constant in the entire pre-and post-dryer section PDS, ADS, but must vary between the individual drive groups PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n, i. adapted to the drying process, which is associated with a shrinkage.
  • the web tension ⁇ _ PDS_m after the last drive group PDS_m of the pre-drying section PDS before the size press SP is set in a control loop by specifying the speed relation v_SP / v_PDS_m - that is the ratio of the speeds of the drive groups SP and PDS_m.
  • the web moisture u_PDS_m is available as a measured value.
  • the web tension ⁇ _ADS_0 is set before the first drive group ADS_1 of the after-dryer section ADS in a control loop by the specification of the speed relation v_ADS_1 / v_SP - that is to say the ratio of the speeds of the drive groups ADS_1 and SP.
  • the web moisture u_ADS_0 can be calculated from the measured web moisture u_PDS_m and the generally known water application in the size press SP. (The water application in the size press SP can be determined, for example, from the fresh water consumption of the size press SP.)
  • FIG. 2 shows the modulus of elasticity E as a function of the web moisture u.
  • E characteristic curve
  • the web moisture u_PDS_m is measured in front of the size press SP and the web moisture u_ADS_0 after the size press SP is calculated from the generally known water application in the size press SP.
  • the web tension ⁇ is additionally measured before and after the size press SP and the elongation of the web PB is determined from the speeds of the participating drive groups PDS_m, SP, ADS_0. (Optionally, the characteristic according to this figure can also be used as a laboratory measurement if this property of the paper web PB remains sufficiently constant).
  • the characteristics run through pre-dryer section PDS, size press SP and after-dryer section ADS within the area indicated by the hatched lines, as indicated in the speech bubble.
  • the condition of the paper web PB in the E (u) diagram initially runs during the pre-drying section PDS from the point B to the point A, since the associated web moisture u_PDS decreases continuously.
  • the corresponding web moisture u_SP increases again and finally the web moisture u_ADS_0 in the after-dryer section ADS decreases again - corresponding to a state movement from A to B and back again.
  • FIG. 3 shows the web tension ⁇ as a function of the web elongation ⁇ for different web moisture u.
  • the half-lines corresponding to the different railway moistures u start only in the case of a dry paper web PB with the web moisture u1 at the origin.
  • the length of the paper web PB increases when - starting from an "absolutely dry (atro)" paper web PB moisture is supplied, as is the case, for example, with the size press SP.
  • the web strain ⁇ associated with the target web tension ⁇ must now only be determined for the respective web moisture u, as shown by the dotted arrows in the FIGURE.
  • the speed relationships between the individual drive groups PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n can be calculated from these respective line expansions ⁇ and the drive control can be specified as setpoint values. In this way, the speed relations between the drive groups PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n can be set automatically so that the web tension ⁇ of the paper web PB is neither too high (risk of web break) nor too low (risk of web flutter) ,
  • the changed speed relationships between the drive groups resulting from changes in the moisture profile are automatically determined for uniform web elongation.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Geschwindigkeitsrelationen zwischen Antriebsgruppen einer Papiermaschine sowie eine Papiermaschine mit zumindest einer Vortrockenpartie mit zumindest einer Antriebsgruppe, wobei die Antriebsgruppen der Vortrockenpartie jeweils zumindest einen Trockenzylinder zum Trocknen einer Papierbahn aufweisen.The invention relates to a method for determining speed relations between drive groups of a paper machine and a paper machine having at least one pre-drying section with at least one drive group, wherein the drive groups of the pre-drying section each have at least one drying cylinder for drying a paper web.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiter ein Computerprogramm zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens sowie ein Computerprogrammprodukt mit einem derartigen Computerprogramm.The invention further relates to a computer program for carrying out such a method and to a computer program product having such a computer program.

Ein derartiges Verfahren kommt auf dem Gebiet der Papierherstellung zum Einsatz. In oft vorkommenden Konstellationen einer Papiermaschine befindet sich nach einer Vortrockenpartie eine Leimpresse und danach eine Nachtrockenpartie. In einigen Fällen - wie z.B. in Newsprintmaschinen - existiert allerdings auch lediglich eine Vortrockenpartie ohne Leimpresse und Nachtrockenpartie. Die Vortrockenpartie und die optionale Nachtrockenpartie bestehen üblicherweise jeweils aus mehreren dampfbeheizten Trockenzylindern. Dabei werden typischerweise jeweils mehrere hintereinander liegende Trockenzylinder zusammen in einer Antriebsgruppe mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit angetrieben, also z.B. die Trockenzylinder in der Vortrockenpartie in m Antriebsgruppen und die Trockenzylinder der Nachtrockenpartie in n Antriebsgruppen.Such a process is used in the field of papermaking. In often occurring constellations of a paper machine, there is a size press after a pre-dryer section and then a post-dryer section. In some cases - such as e.g. in Newsprint machines - however, there is only one pre-drying section without size press and after-dryer section. The pre-dryer section and the optional after-dryer section usually each consist of several steam-heated drying cylinders. In this case, in each case a plurality of drying cylinders lying one behind the other are typically driven together in a drive group at the same speed, e.g. the drying cylinders in the pre-drying section in m drive groups and the drying cylinders of the after-dryer section in n drive groups.

In diesen Trockengruppen einer Papiermaschine wird eine Papierbahn - ausgehend von einer Anfangsfeuchte - auf eine bestimmte Endfeuchte getrocknet. Die Bahn ändert dabei ihre Eigenschaften, unter anderem auch das Elastizitätsmodul, welches über eine Funktion direkt vom Feuchtegehalt abhängt. Um eine gleichmäßige Bahnspannung (auch als Bahnzug bezeichnet) aufrechtzuerhalten, die für die Qualitätsparameter der Ware ebenso wichtig ist wie für die Stabilität des Bahnlaufs (möglichst keine Überdehnung, wenige Abrisse; es wird aber auch ein gewisser Mindestzug benötigt, damit die Führung der Bahn an den umschlungenen Walzen gewährleistet ist und Falten vermieden werden), müssen die Geschwindigkeiten der einzelnen Trockengruppen dem Trocknungsprofil angepasst werden.In these dryer groups of a paper machine, a paper web-starting from an initial moisture-is dried to a certain final moisture content. The web changes its properties, including the modulus of elasticity, which depends on a function directly on the moisture content. To provide a uniform web tension (also called web tension) which is as important for the quality parameters of the product as it is for the stability of the web (preferably no overstretching, few breaks, but also some minimum tension is needed to ensure that the web is guided around the looped rollers and wrinkles are avoided) , the speeds of the individual dryer groups must be adapted to the drying profile.

Das technische Problem besteht nun darin, wie die Geschwindigkeits-Sollwerte, insbesondere die Differenz- oder Relations-Sollwerte, der Antriebsgruppen der Vortrockenpartie (und ggf. auch der Nachtrockenpartie) einzustellen sind. Nach gegenwärtigem Stand der Technik müssen Abweichungen im Bahnzug vom Bediener nach Sicht oder durch Befühlen erkannt und von Hand über die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen der Antriebsgruppen nachgestellt werden.The technical problem now is how to set the speed setpoints, in particular the difference or relation setpoints, of the drive groups of the pre-dryer section (and possibly also the after-dryer section). According to the current state of the art, deviations in the web tension must be recognized by the operator after sight or by feeling and readjusted by hand via the speed relations of the drive groups.

Aus US 2003/0155395 A1 ist allerdings auch schon eine Lösung beschrieben, bei der eine Bahnfeuchte oder eine Bahnspannung gemessen wird und aus einem Minimal- und Maximalwert eines über die Breite der Papierbahn gemessenen Feuchtigkeitsprofils ein Fenster für die erlaubte Bahnspannung abgeleitet wird, wobei die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen so angepasst werden, dass die Bahnspannung innerhalb des erlaubten Fensters liegt.Out US 2003/0155395 A1 However, a solution is already described in which a web moisture or a web tension is measured and a window for the permitted web tension is derived from a minimum and maximum value of a moisture profile measured across the width of the paper web, wherein the speed relations are adjusted so that the Web tension is within the allowed window.

Nebenbei ist aus EP 1 795 893 A1 ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Dehnungseigenschaft einer Faserstoffbahn bekannt, bei dem die Dehnungseigenschaft aus der gemessenen Zugkraft und der Differenzgeschwindigkeit zwischen zwei Walzen berechnet wird.By the way is out EP 1 795 893 A1 a method for determining the elongation property of a fibrous web is known in which the elongation property is calculated from the measured tensile force and the differential speed between two rolls.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen von Antriebsgruppen einer Papiermaschine automatisch zu bestimmen.The object of the invention is to automatically determine the speed relations of drive groups of a paper machine.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Geschwindigkeitsrelationen zwischen Antriebsgruppen einer Papiermaschine, wobei die Papiermaschine zumindest eine Vor trockenpartie mit zumindest einer Antriebsgruppe aufweist und wobei die Antriebsgruppen der Vortrockenpartie jeweils zumindest einen Trockenzylinder zum Trocknen einer Papierbahn aufweisen, mit den folgenden Schritten:

  • Bereitstellung von Messwerten wie insbesondere von Geschwindigkeiten der Antriebsgruppen, einer flächebezogenen Masse der Papierbahn, von Feuchtemessungen nach dem letzten Trockenzylinder der Vortrockenpartie und/oder von Dampfdrücken in den Trockenzylindern,
  • Berechnung von Bahnfeuchten der Papierbahn nach jedem Trockenzylinder aus den Messwerten,
  • Berechnung zumindest einer Bahndehnung aus einem Elastizitätsmodul und zumindest einer vorgebbaren Soll-Bahnspannung und
This object is achieved by a method for determining speed relations between drive groups of a paper machine, wherein the paper machine at least one Vor Drying section having at least one drive group and wherein the drive groups of the pre-dryer section each have at least one drying cylinder for drying a paper web, comprising the following steps:
  • Provision of measured values, in particular of speeds of the drive groups, of a surface-related mass of the paper web, of moisture measurements after the last drying cylinder of the pre-dryer section and / or of vapor pressures in the drying cylinders,
  • Calculation of web moisture of the paper web after each drying cylinder from the measured values,
  • Calculation of at least one web elongation of a modulus of elasticity and at least one predetermined target web tension and

trockenpartie mit zumindest einer Antriebsgruppe aufweist und wobei die Antriebsgruppen der Vortrockenpartie jeweils zumindest einen Trockenzylinder zum Trocknen einer Papierbahn aufweisen, mit den folgenden Schritten:

  • Bereitstellung von Messwerten von Geschwindigkeiten der Antriebsgruppen, einer flächebezogenen Masse der Papierbahn, von Feuchtemessungen nach dem letzten Trockenzylinder der Vortrockenpartie und/oder von Dampfdrücken in den Trockenzylindern,
  • Berechnung von Bahnfeuchten der Papierbahn nach jedem Trockenzylinder aus den Messwerten,
  • Berechnung zumindest einer Bahndehnung aus einem Elastizitätsmodul und zumindest einer vorgebbaren Soll-Bahnspannung und
  • Berechnung der Geschwindigkeitsrelationen aus der zumindest einen Bahndehnung.
Drying section having at least one drive group and wherein the drive groups of the pre-dryer section each have at least one drying cylinder for drying a paper web, comprising the following steps:
  • Provision of measured values of speeds of the drive groups, a surface-related mass of the paper web, of moisture measurements after the last drying cylinder of the pre-dryer section and / or of vapor pressures in the drying cylinders,
  • Calculation of web moisture of the paper web after each drying cylinder from the measured values,
  • Calculation of at least one web elongation of a modulus of elasticity and at least one predetermined target web tension and
  • Calculation of the velocity relations from the at least one web stretch.

Die Aufgabe wird weiter gelöst durch eine Papiermaschine, ein Computerprogramm sowie ein Computerprogrammprodukt mit den in Anspruch 5, 6 bzw. 7 angegebenen Merkmalen.The object is further achieved by a paper machine, a computer program and a computer program product having the features specified in claims 5, 6 and 7, respectively.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Bereitstellung von Messwerten von aktuellen Prozessgrößen wie Bahnfeuchten, Flächengewicht, Materialgeschwindigkeit, Verdampfungsfläche, Dampfdruck und -menge, Anlagengeometrie usw. werden die für die Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeitsrelationen benötigten Messwerte an geeigneter Stelle - wie z.B. in einem Computerprogramm - zur Verfügung gestellt. Dabei liegen diese Messwerte typischerweise bereits ohnehin in verschiedenen Teilen der Anlage vor. Nur für den Fall, dass in einer speziellen Papiermaschine zumindest einer dieser benötigten Messwerte nicht vorliegen sollte, schließt die Bereitstellung der Messwerte auch eine Messung der betreffenden Messwerte ein.By the provision according to the invention of measured values of actual process variables such as web moisture, basis weight, material velocity, evaporation surface, vapor pressure and quantity, plant geometry, etc., the measurement values required for the determination of the velocity relations are determined at a suitable location - e.g. in a computer program - provided. These measured values are typically already present in different parts of the system anyway. Only in the event that at least one of these required measured values should not be present in a special paper machine, does the provision of the measured values also include a measurement of the relevant measured values.

Erfindungsgemäß wird in einem so genannten "Trocknungsmodell" aus den bereitgestellten Messwerten die relative Feuchte u_i der Papierbahn nach jedem Zylinder i der Vortrockenpartie berechnet. Dabei ist die Papierbahnfeuchte an einem OrtAccording to the invention, in a so-called "drying model", the relative humidity u_i of the paper web is calculated after each cylinder i of the pre-dryer section from the measured values provided. The paper web moisture is in one place

Über ein feuchteabhängiges Elastizitätsmodul (E-Modul), das z.B. aus einer Labormessung bekannt ist, kann aus einer vorgegebenen Soll-Bahnspannung σ die notwendige Bahndehnung ε berechnet werden, aus der sich dann wiederum die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen zwischen den einzelnen Antriebsgruppen berechnen lassen. Dabei muss die Soll-Bahnspannung σ nicht in der gesamten Vor- und Nachtrockenpartie konstant sein, sondern zwischen den einzelnen Antriebsgruppen variieren, da die Bahn in der Vortrockenpartie mit zunehmender Trocknung erst die für eine größere Bahnspannung erforderliche Festigkeit erlangt.Via a moisture-dependent modulus of elasticity (modulus of elasticity), e.g. is known from a laboratory measurement, can be calculated from a predetermined target web tension σ the necessary web elongation ε, from which in turn can then calculate the speed relations between the individual drive groups. In this case, the target web tension σ must not be constant in the entire pre-and post-dryer section, but vary between the individual drive groups, since the web in the pre-dryer section with increasing drying first obtains the required strength for a larger web tension.

Die Trockenkurve der Papierbahn über die einzelnen Trockenzylinder ist insbesondere nach Stillständen oder Abrissen anders als im "eingeschwungenen Zustand": Nach kurzen Stillständen (z.B. nach Abrissen), während derer sich die Trockenzylinder in der Regel (etwas) aufheizen, weist die nachfolgend produzierte Papierbahn ein niedrigeres Feuchteprofil auf (das heißt die Feuchte u_i am Zylinder i ist niedriger als normal). Nach langen Stillständen, in denen die Dampfdrücke der Trockenzylinder heruntergefahren werden, sind unter Umständen die Zylinder noch nicht auf "Betriebstemperatur", und das Feuchteprofil der nachfolgend produzierten Papierbahn ist höher als normal. So muss der Anlagenfahrer die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen beim Anfahren an die sich ändernden Verhältnisse anpassen.The dry curve of the paper web over the individual drying cylinders is different after standstills or breaks than in the "steady state": After brief stoppages (eg after breaks) during which the drying cylinders generally heat up (somewhat), the subsequently produced paper web has one lower humidity profile (ie the humidity u_i at cylinder i is lower than normal). After long standstills, during which the steam pressures of the drying cylinders are reduced, the cylinders may not yet be at "operating temperature", and the moisture profile of the subsequently produced paper web is higher than normal. Thus, the system operator must adjust the speed relations when starting up to the changing conditions.

Wenn die Bahndehnung (bzw. die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen) falsch eingestellt ist, kann dies bei zu starker Dehnung zu Bahnabrissen führen und bei zu niedriger Dehnung zu Bahnflattern, das eine schlechte Papierqualität und unter Umständen auch Abrisse zur Folge haben kann. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung werden Änderungen im Feuchteprofil erkannt und die daraus resultierenden veränderten Geschwindigkeitsrelationen zwischen den Antriebsgruppen automatisch bestimmt. Dies bringt den großen Vorteil mit sich, dass die Qualität der erzeugten Papierbahn nicht mehr unter anderem von der Erfahrenheit und Aufmerksamkeit eines Bedieners (Anlagenfahrers) abhängig ist, sondern nunmehr eine durch eine gleichmäßige Bahndehnung bedingte gleich bleibende Qualität zuverlässig gewährleistet ist.If the web stretch (or speed ratios) is set incorrectly, too much stretch can cause web breaks and too low stretch can cause web flutter which can result in poor paper quality and possibly even breaks. The solution according to the invention detects changes in the moisture profile and automatically determines the resulting changed speed relationships between the drive groups. This has the great advantage that the quality of the paper web produced no longer depends inter alia on the sophistication and attention of an operator (plant operator) is, but now guaranteed by a uniform web elongation consistent quality is reliably guaranteed.

In einer vorteilhaften Form der Ausgestaltung werden - wobei die Papiermaschine eine Leimpresse und eine Nachtrockenpartie mit jeweils zumindest einer Antriebsgruppe aufweist, wobei die Antriebsgruppen der Nachtrockenpartie zumindest einen Trockenzylinder zum Trocknen der Papierbahn aufweisen - Messwerte von Geschwindigkeiten der Antriebsgruppen, von Feuchtemessungen nach dem letzten Trockenzylinder der Nachtrockenpartie, von einem Massenfluss der aufgetragenen Leimmenge sowie von einem Wasserauftrag in der Leimpresse bereitgestellt und die Bahnfeuchte zwischen Leimpresse und Nachtrockenpartie aus der Feuchtemessung nach dem letzten Trockenzylinder der Vortrockenpartie und dem Wasserauftrag berechnet. Auf diese Weise können die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen auch für Papiermaschinen mit Leimpresse und Nachtrockenpartie zwischen sämtlichen Antriebsgruppen automatisch bestimmt werden.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, wherein the paper machine has a size press and a afterdrying section, each having at least one drive group, the drive groups of the afterdrying section having at least one drying cylinder for drying the paper web - measured values of speeds of the drive groups, of moisture measurements after the last drying cylinder Post-drying section, provided by a mass flow of the applied amount of glue as well as a water application in the size press and the web moisture between size press and afterdrying from the moisture measurement after the last drying cylinder of the pre-dryer and the water order calculated. In this way, the speed relations can also be determined automatically for paper machines with a size press and after-dryer section between all drive groups.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform wird das Elastizitätsmodul aus den Bahnfeuchten, je einer vor und nach der Leimpresse gemessenen Bahnspannung und der aus den Geschwindigkeiten der beteiligten Antriebsgruppen bestimmten Dehnung berechnet. Die Berechnung erfolgt dabei über ein weiteres Modell ("E-Modul-Modell"). Hierdurch werden Unsicherheiten vermieden, die aus der Verwendung einer Labormessung für das feuchteabhängige Elastizitätsmodul resultieren, da dies voraussetzt, dass die Eigenschaft (des E-Moduls) hinreichend konstant ist (was allerdings bei z.B. Newsprintmaschinen gewöhnlich der Fall ist). Da bei dieser Ausführungsform das feuchteabhängige E-Modul aus laufenden Messwerten der Papierbahn berechnet wird, passt sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch Veränderungen des E-Moduls in der Papierbahn automatisch an (vollständig adaptiv).In a further advantageous embodiment, the modulus of elasticity is calculated from the web moisture content, a web tension measured before and after the size press and the elongation determined from the velocities of the drive groups involved. The calculation is done via another model ("E-modulus model"). This avoids uncertainties resulting from the use of a laboratory measurement for the moisture-dependent modulus of elasticity, since this implies that the property (of the modulus of elasticity) is sufficiently constant (which, however, is usually the case with, for example, newsprint machines). Since, in this embodiment, the moisture-dependent modulus of elasticity is calculated from current measured values of the paper web, the method according to the invention also adapts automatically to changes in the modulus of elasticity in the paper web (completely adaptive).

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform werden die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen zwischen den Antriebsgruppen automatisch eingestellt. Das heißt, die aus den Bahndehnungen berechneten Geschwindigkeitsrelationen werden der Antriebsregelung als Sollwerte vorgegeben. Die verfügbaren Messdaten unterschiedlicher und bisher nur getrennt betrachteten Teile der Anlage werden somit geeignet verknüpft, um eine für die Qualität des Produkts und die Verfügbarkeit des Prozesses vorteilhafte Einstellung zu erreichen, die bisher vom Bediener manuell (näherungsweise) eingestellt werden musste. Aufgrund der durch kontinuierliche Messungen erhaltenen Prozessdaten ist das Verfahren automatisch adaptiv und hat eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit.In a further advantageous embodiment, the speed relations between the drive groups become automatic set. This means that the velocity relations calculated from the path expansions are specified as nominal values for the drive control. The available measurement data of different and previously only separately considered parts of the plant are thus linked appropriately in order to achieve a favorable for the quality of the product and the availability of the process setting, which previously had to be set manually by the operator (approximately). Due to the process data obtained by continuous measurements, the method is automatically adaptive and has a high reliability.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der in den FIGuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher beschrieben und erläutert. Es zeigen:

FIG 1
eine schematische Darstellung von Antriebsgruppen einer Papiermaschine,
FIG 2
das Elastizitätsmodul in Abhängigkeit von der Bahnfeuchte,
FIG 3
die Bahnspannung in Abhängigkeit von der Bahndehnung.
In the following, the invention will be described and explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures. Show it:
FIG. 1
a schematic representation of drive groups of a paper machine,
FIG. 2
the modulus of elasticity as a function of the moisture content,
FIG. 3
the web tension as a function of the web elongation.

FIG 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Papiermaschine mit einer Vortrockenpartie (PDS, "Pre-Dryer Section"), einer Leimpresse (SP, "Size Press") und einer Nachtrockenpartie (ADS, "After-Dryer Section"). Die Vortrockenpartie PDS und die Nachtrockenpartie ADS bestehen jeweils aus mehreren dampfbeheizten Trockenzylindern Z. Jeweils mehrere hintereinander liegende Trockenzylinder Z werden zusammen in einer Antriebsgruppe PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit angetrieben, also z.B. die Trockenzylinder Z in der Vortrockenpartie PDS in m Antriebsgruppen PDS_m-1, PDS_m und die Trockenzylinder Z der Nachtrockenpartie ADS in n Antriebsgruppen ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a paper machine with a pre-dryer section (PDS, "Pre-Dryer Section"), a size press (SP, "Size Press") and an after-dryer section (ADS, "After-Dryer Section"). The pre-drying section PDS and the after-drying section ADS each consist of a plurality of steam-heated drying cylinders Z. Several consecutive drying cylinders Z are driven together in a drive group PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n at the same speed, eg the drying cylinders Z in the pre-drying section PDS in m drive groups PDS_m-1, PDS_m and the drying cylinders Z of the after-dryer section ADS in n drive groups ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n.

In Trockengruppen PDS, ADS einer Papiermaschine wird eine Papierbahn PB ausgehend von einer Anfangsfeuchte auf eine bestimmte Endfeuchte getrocknet. Da die Bahn PB dabei ihre Eigenschaften wie z.B. das Elastizitätsmodul, das direkt vom Feuchtegehalt abhängt, ändert, müssen die Geschwindigkeiten der einzelnen Trockengruppen PDS, ADS dem Trocknungsprofil angepasst werden, um eine gleichmäßige Bahnspannung σ (auch als Bahnzug bezeichnet) aufrechtzuerhalten, die für die Qualitätsparameter der Ware ebenso wichtig ist für die Stabilität des Bahnlaufs (möglichst keine Überdehnung, wenige Abrisse).In dryer groups PDS, ADS of a paper machine, a paper web PB is converted from a starting moisture to a specific one Final moisture dried. Since the web PB thereby changes its properties, such as the modulus of elasticity, which depends directly on the moisture content, the speeds of the individual dryer groups PDS, ADS must be adapted to the drying profile in order to maintain a uniform web tension σ (also referred to as web tension), which is suitable for the Quality parameters of the goods is just as important for the stability of the web run (if possible, no overstretching, few breaks).

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung werden die für zumindest eine vorgegebene Soll-Bahnspannung σ zur Einstellung notwendigen Geschwindigkeitsrelationen berechnet. Dabei muss die Soll-Bahnspannung σ nicht in der gesamten Vor- und Nachtrockenpartie PDS, ADS konstant sein, sondern muss zwischen den einzelnen Antriebsgruppen PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n variieren, d.h. dem Trocknungsverlauf angepasst werden, welcher mit einer Schrumpfung einhergeht.By means of the solution according to the invention, the speed relations necessary for the adjustment for at least one predetermined setpoint web tension σ are calculated. The target web tension σ does not have to be constant in the entire pre-and post-dryer section PDS, ADS, but must vary between the individual drive groups PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n, i. adapted to the drying process, which is associated with a shrinkage.

Der Bahnzug σ_ PDS_m nach der letzten Antriebsgruppe PDS_m der Vortrockenpartie PDS vor der Leimpresse SP wird in einem Regelkreis durch die Vorgabe der Geschwindigkeitsrelation v_SP / v_PDS_m - das heißt dem Verhältnis der Geschwindigkeiten der Antriebsgruppen SP und PDS_m - eingestellt. Die Bahnfeuchte u_PDS_m liegt als Messwert vor. Analog wird der Bahnzug σ_ADS_0 vor der ersten Antriebsgruppe ADS_1 der Nachtrockenpartie ADS in einem Regelkreis durch die Vorgabe der Geschwindigkeitsrelation v_ADS_1 / v_SP - das heißt dem Verhältnis der Geschwindigkeiten der Antriebsgruppen ADS_1 und SP - eingestellt. Die Bahnfeuchte u_ADS_0 lässt sich aus der gemessenen Bahnfeuchte u_PDS_m und dem in der Regel bekannten Wasserauftrag in der Leimpresse SP berechnen. (Der Wasserauftrag in der Leimpresse SP lässt sich z.B. aus dem Frischwasserverbrauch der Leimpresse SP ermitteln.)The web tension σ_ PDS_m after the last drive group PDS_m of the pre-drying section PDS before the size press SP is set in a control loop by specifying the speed relation v_SP / v_PDS_m - that is the ratio of the speeds of the drive groups SP and PDS_m. The web moisture u_PDS_m is available as a measured value. Analogously, the web tension σ_ADS_0 is set before the first drive group ADS_1 of the after-dryer section ADS in a control loop by the specification of the speed relation v_ADS_1 / v_SP - that is to say the ratio of the speeds of the drive groups ADS_1 and SP. The web moisture u_ADS_0 can be calculated from the measured web moisture u_PDS_m and the generally known water application in the size press SP. (The water application in the size press SP can be determined, for example, from the fresh water consumption of the size press SP.)

Analog werden die über die mit dem Trocknungsmodell berechneten Bahnfeuchten bestimmten Geschwindigkeitsrelationen zwischen allen Antriebsgruppen PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n eingestellt, so dass die Geschwindigkeiten der einzelnen Antriebsgruppen PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n vorteilhafterweise automatisch an Veränderungen im Trocknungsprofil einer Papierbahn PB angepasst werden. Hierdurch werden Bahnabrisse und Bahnflattern verhindert und somit die Zuverlässigkeit der Papiermaschine bei gleichbleibend guter Papierqualität erhöht.Analogously, the speed relations between all drive groups PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, which are determined via the rail moisture calculated using the drying model, ADS_n set so that the speeds of the individual drive groups PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n are advantageously automatically adapted to changes in the drying profile of a paper web PB. As a result, web breaks and web flutter are prevented and thus increases the reliability of the paper machine with consistently good paper quality.

FIG 2 zeigt das Elastizitätsmodul E in Abhängigkeit von der Bahnfeuchte u. Zur Ermittlung der Kennlinie E(u) mittels eines so genannten "E-Modul-Modells" werden die Punkte A und B ermittelt, wobei A die Feuchte und Bahnelastizität unmittelbar vor der Leimpresse SP repräsentiert (= trocken) und B dasselbe unmittelbar nach der Leimpresse SP (= feucht). Dabei wird die Bahnfeuchte u_PDS_m vor der Leimpresse SP gemessen und die Bahnfeuchte u_ADS_0 nach der Leimpresse SP aus dem in der Regel bekannten Wasserauftrag in der Leimpresse SP berechnet. Um die zugehörigen E-Werte zu bestimmen, wird zudem vor und nach der Leimpresse SP die Bahnspannung σ gemessen und die Dehnung der Bahn PB aus den Geschwindigkeiten der beteiligten Antriebsgruppen PDS_m, SP, ADS_0 bestimmt. (Optional kann die Kennlinie gemäß dieser Figur auch als Labormessung verwendet werden, falls diese Eigenschaft der Papierbahn PB hinreichend konstant bleibt). FIG. 2 shows the modulus of elasticity E as a function of the web moisture u. To determine the characteristic curve E (u) by means of a so-called "modulus of elasticity model", the points A and B are determined, where A represents the moisture and the web elasticity immediately before the size press SP (= dry) and B the same immediately after the size press SP (= wet). The web moisture u_PDS_m is measured in front of the size press SP and the web moisture u_ADS_0 after the size press SP is calculated from the generally known water application in the size press SP. In order to determine the associated E values, the web tension σ is additionally measured before and after the size press SP and the elongation of the web PB is determined from the speeds of the participating drive groups PDS_m, SP, ADS_0. (Optionally, the characteristic according to this figure can also be used as a laboratory measurement if this property of the paper web PB remains sufficiently constant).

Gemäß dem E-Modul-Modell verlaufen die Kennlinien während des Verlaufs der Papierbahn PB durch Vortrockenpartie PDS, Leimpresse SP und Nachtrockenpartie ADS innerhalb des durch die schraffierten Linien gekennzeichneten Bereichs, wie in der Sprechblase angedeutet. Der Zustand der Papierbahn PB im E(u)-Diagramm verläuft zunächst während der Vortrockenpartie PDS vom Punkt B zum Punkt A, da die zugehörige Bahnfeuchte u_PDS kontinuierlich abnimmt. Während des Durchgangs durch die Leimpresse SP nimmt die entsprechende Bahnfeuchte u_SP wieder zu und schließlich die Bahnfeuchte u_ADS_0 in der Nachtrockenpartie ADS wieder ab - entsprechend einer Zustandsbewegung von A nach B und wieder zurück.According to the E-modulus model, during the course of the paper web PB, the characteristics run through pre-dryer section PDS, size press SP and after-dryer section ADS within the area indicated by the hatched lines, as indicated in the speech bubble. The condition of the paper web PB in the E (u) diagram initially runs during the pre-drying section PDS from the point B to the point A, since the associated web moisture u_PDS decreases continuously. During the passage through the size press SP, the corresponding web moisture u_SP increases again and finally the web moisture u_ADS_0 in the after-dryer section ADS decreases again - corresponding to a state movement from A to B and back again.

Anhand des mittels des besagten Modells bestimmten Elastizitätsmoduls E in Abhängigkeit von der Bahnfeuchte u (oder optional mittels einer Laborkennlinie) kann nun in einem nächsten Schritt die Bahndehnung ε zu einer vorgegebenen Soll-Bahnspannung σ errechnet werden, wie in der nächsten Figur gezeigt ist.Based on the determined by means of said model elastic modulus E as a function of the web moisture u (or optionally by means of a laboratory characteristic) can now be calculated in a next step, the web elongation ε to a predetermined target web tension σ, as shown in the next figure.

FIG 3 zeigt die Bahnspannung σ in Abhängigkeit von der Bahndehnung ε für verschiedene Bahnfeuchten u. Dabei beginnen die den verschiedenen Bahnfeuchten u entsprechenden Halbgeraden nur für den Fall einer trockenen Papierbahn PB mit der Bahnfeuchte u1 im Ursprung. Es ist bekannt, dass sich die Papierbahn PB im spannungslosen Zustand (σ = 0) in Länge und Breite verändert, wenn die Feuchte u verändert wird. In MaschinenRichtung nimmt die Länge der Papierbahn PB zu, wenn - ausgehend von einer "absolut trockenen (atro)" Papierbahn PB - Feuchte zugeführt wird, wie es z.B. bei der Leimpresse SP der Fall ist. Dies ist in der FIGur durch die feuchteabhängigen Bahndehnungen ε im zugfreien Zustand - ε(σ = 0, u1), ε(σ = 0, u2),... - dargestellt, wobei u4 > u3 > u2 > u1 gilt. Die gestrichelten Linien sind die Halbgeraden für die Bahnfeuchten u_PDS_m im Punkt A und u_ADS_0 im Punkt B der FIG. 2. FIG. 3 shows the web tension σ as a function of the web elongation ε for different web moisture u. In this case, the half-lines corresponding to the different railway moistures u start only in the case of a dry paper web PB with the web moisture u1 at the origin. It is known that the paper web PB in its de-energized state (σ = 0) changes in length and width when the humidity u is changed. In the machine direction, the length of the paper web PB increases when - starting from an "absolutely dry (atro)" paper web PB moisture is supplied, as is the case, for example, with the size press SP. This is shown in the figure by the moisture-dependent trajectory strains ε in the tension-free state - ε (σ = 0, u1), ε (σ = 0, u2), ... - where u4>u3>u2> u1. The dashed lines are the half-lines for the railway moisture u_PDS_m at point A and u_ADS_0 at point B of FIG. 2 ,

Um die Bahndehnung ε zu einer vorgegebenen Soll-Bahnspannung σ zu ermitteln, muss nun nur noch für die jeweilige Bahnfeuchte u die zu der Soll-Bahnspannung σ gehörende Bahndehnung ε bestimmt werden, wie dies in der FIGur durch die gepunkteten Pfeile gezeigt ist. Aus diesen jeweiligen Bahndehnungen ε können die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen zwischen den einzelnen Antriebsgruppen PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n berechnet werden und der Antriebsregelung als Sollwerte vorgegeben werden. Auf diese Weise können die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen zwischen den Antriebsgruppen PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n automatisch so eingestellt werden, dass die Bahnspannung σ der Papierbahn PB weder zu hoch ist (Gefahr des Bahnabrisses) noch zu niedrig ist (Gefahr des Bahnflatterns).In order to determine the web strain ε to a given target web tension σ, the web strain ε associated with the target web tension σ must now only be determined for the respective web moisture u, as shown by the dotted arrows in the FIGURE. The speed relationships between the individual drive groups PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n can be calculated from these respective line expansions ε and the drive control can be specified as setpoint values. In this way, the speed relations between the drive groups PDS_m-1, PDS_m, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n can be set automatically so that the web tension σ of the paper web PB is neither too high (risk of web break) nor too low (risk of web flutter) ,

Zusammenfassend betrifft die Erfindung eine Papiermaschine mit zumindest einer Vortrockenpartie mit zumindest einer Antriebsgruppe, wobei die Antriebsgruppen zumindest einen Trockenzylinder zum Trocknen einer Papierbahn aufweisen. Um die Geschwindigkeitsrelationen zwischen den Antriebsgruppen automatisch zu bestimmen, wird ein Verfahren mit den folgenden Schritten vorgeschlagen:

  • Bereitstellung von Messwerten wie insbesondere von Geschwindigkeiten der Antriebsgruppen, einer flächebezogenen Masse der Papierbahn, von Feuchtemessungen nach dem letzten Trockenzylinder der Vortrockenpartie und/oder von Dampfdrücken in den Trockenzylindern,
  • Berechnung von Bahnfeuchten der Papierbahn nach jedem Trockenzylinder aus den Messwerten,
  • Berechnung zumindest einer Bahndehnung aus einem feuchteabhängigen Elastizitätsmodul und zumindest einer vorgebbaren Soll-Bahnspannung und
  • Berechnung der Geschwindigkeitsrelationen aus der zumindest einen Bahndehnung.
In summary, the invention relates to a paper machine having at least one pre-drying section with at least one drive group, wherein the drive groups have at least one drying cylinder for drying a paper web. In order to automatically determine the speed relations between the drive groups, a method is proposed with the following steps:
  • Provision of measured values, in particular of speeds of the drive groups, of a surface-related mass of the paper web, of moisture measurements after the last drying cylinder of the pre-dryer section and / or of vapor pressures in the drying cylinders,
  • Calculation of web moisture of the paper web after each drying cylinder from the measured values,
  • Calculation of at least one web elongation of a moisture-dependent modulus of elasticity and at least one predetermined target web tension and
  • Calculation of the velocity relations from the at least one web stretch.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung werden die aus Änderungen im Feuchteprofil resultierenden veränderten Geschwindigkeitsrelationen zwischen den Antriebsgruppen für eine gleichmäßige Bahndehnung automatisch bestimmt.By means of the solution according to the invention, the changed speed relationships between the drive groups resulting from changes in the moisture profile are automatically determined for uniform web elongation.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for determining speed ratios between drive groups (PDS_m-1, PDS_m) of a paper machine, wherein the paper machine has at least one predryer section (PDS) with at least one drive group (PDS_m-1, PDS_m) and wherein the drive groups (PDS_m-1, PDS_m) of the predryer section (PDS) each have at least one drying cylinder (Z) for drying a paper web (PB), having the following steps:
    - providing measured values of speeds of the drive groups (PDS_m-1, PDS_m), of a area density of the paper web (PB), of moisture measurements following the last drying cylinder (Z) of the predryer section (PDS) and/or of vapour pressures in the drying cylinders (Z),
    - calculating web moisture (u) in the paper web (PB) following each drying cylinder (Z) from the measured values,
    - calculating at least one web expansion (ε) from a moisture-dependent elasticity module (E) and at least one predeterminable target web tension (σ) and
    - calculating the speed ratios from the at least one web expansion (ε).
  2. Method according to claim 1,
    wherein the paper machine has a size press (SP) and a final dryer section (ADS) with in each case at least one drive group (SP, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n), wherein the drive groups (ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n) of the final dryer section (ADS) have at least one drying cylinder (Z) for drying the paper web (PB), and
    - wherein measured values of speeds of the drive groups (SP, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n) of the size press (SP) and of the final dryer section (ADS), of moisture measurements following the last drying cylinder (Z) of the final dryer section (ADS), of a mass flow of the amount of glue applied and of an application of water in the size press (SP) are provided and
    - wherein the web moisture (u_ADS_0) between the size press (SP) and final dryer section (ADS) is calculated from the moisture measurement following the last drying cylinder (Z) of the predryer section (PDS) and the application of water.
  3. Method according to claim 2,
    wherein the elasticity module (E) is calculated from the web moisture (u), from each web tension (σ) measured before and after the size press (SP) and the expansion (ε) determined from the speeds of the drive groups (PDS_m, SP, ADS_1) involved.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the speed ratios between the drive groups (PDS_m-1, PDS_m, SP, ADS_1, ADS_2, ADS_n) are adjusted automatically.
  5. Paper machine with at least one predryer section (PDS) having at least one drive group (PDS_m-1, PDS_m), wherein the drive groups (PDS_m-1, PDS_m) have at least one drying cylinder (Z) for drying a paper web (PB), and having means for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 4.
  6. Computer program for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 4 on a paper machine according to claim 5.
  7. Computer program product with a computer program according to claim 6.
EP09769084.6A 2008-06-26 2009-05-22 Determination of speed relations between driving groups of a paper machine Active EP2304103B1 (en)

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DE102008030340A1 (en) 2009-12-31
WO2009156235A2 (en) 2009-12-30
EP2304103A2 (en) 2011-04-06
DE102008030340B4 (en) 2017-06-08

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