EP2295648B1 - Excavating machine including at least one wheel covered with a deflector - Google Patents

Excavating machine including at least one wheel covered with a deflector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2295648B1
EP2295648B1 EP10176443.9A EP10176443A EP2295648B1 EP 2295648 B1 EP2295648 B1 EP 2295648B1 EP 10176443 A EP10176443 A EP 10176443A EP 2295648 B1 EP2295648 B1 EP 2295648B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deflector
drums
excavation
excavation machine
assemblies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP10176443.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2295648A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Hamelin
Daniel Perpezat
Serge Borel
Philippe Chagnot
Hedi Sellami
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Publication of EP2295648A1 publication Critical patent/EP2295648A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels
    • E02F3/205—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels with a pair of digging wheels, e.g. slotting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/22—Component parts

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is the field of machines for excavating and cutting soil with rotary cutters, making it possible in particular to produce walls molded in the ground, such as in JP 7 310322 A .
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an excavation assembly 9, similar to that described in FR 2 806 111 which comprises a carrier 10 provided with an arrow 12. On the end 14 of the arrow 12, run lift cables 16 at the end 18 of which is mounted the excavation machine 20 proper.
  • This machine 20 comprises a vertical frame 22 at the lower end of which is mounted a cutting head 24.
  • the cutting head is essentially constituted by two rotary cutting assemblies 26 and 28 with horizontal axes of rotation, XX 'parallel to each other.
  • each rotary cutting assembly is constituted by two cutters or drums mounted symmetrically on the chassis.
  • the excavation machine also comprises, to allow the removal of the cuttings, a suction mouth 30 disposed at the lower end of the frame between the two rotary cutting assemblies 26 and 28, a suction pipe 32 connecting the mouth d suction 30 to a suction device 34, for example a pump, and a conduit 36 which makes it possible to suction the drilling liquid containing the cuttings with a view to evacuating it to a recovery installation.
  • a suction device 34 for example a pump
  • a conduit 36 which makes it possible to suction the drilling liquid containing the cuttings with a view to evacuating it to a recovery installation.
  • another pipe is also provided to fill the trench with drilling fluid.
  • the cylindrical drums rotate inside a volume of mud consisting in the lower part of two half cylinders created by the cut made by the excavation tools mounted on the drums, this volume s' extending essentially to the bottom edge of the chassis.
  • An object of the invention is to provide an excavation machine having an improved excavation efficiency.
  • the invention therefore relates to an excavation machine according to claim 1.
  • the flow of drilling fluid is guided around the rotary cutting assemblies, which allows more cuttings to be eliminated insofar as the drilling fluid is forced to circulate between the drilling tools. cut and field.
  • the drilling fluid is prevented from immediately flowing into the suction mouth before it has been able to load a sufficient quantity of cuttings.
  • the cuttings are therefore evacuated more quickly and, consequently, do not tend to sediment.
  • the deflector according to the invention makes it possible to substantially improve the efficiency of removal of the cuttings, as a result of which, the excavation efficiency of the machine is also significantly improved.
  • the deflector is mounted above the suction mouth.
  • the dimensions of the chassis are less than the horizontal dimensions of the rotary cutting assemblies.
  • the transverse dimensions of the deflector are slightly smaller than the transverse dimensions of the rotary cutting assemblies.
  • Such a configuration of the deflector further improves the guiding of the drilling liquid towards the outside of the drums.
  • the deflector has at least one curved portion which extends tangentially with respect to the drums of one of the rotary assemblies.
  • the drums carry cutting teeth and the curved portion is advantageously disposed slightly above the radial end of the cutting teeth.
  • the shape of the deflector is advantageously chosen so that the latter matches the cylindrical shape of the drums.
  • the angular extent of the curved portion, towards the outside of the rotary cutting assemblies is between 30 and 80 °, preferably between 30 ° and 60 °, this angular extent being considered between two intersecting planes containing l 'axis of rotation of the associated rotary assembly, one of the two planes being vertical, or at least parallel to the longitudinal direction of the chassis.
  • the curved portion also extends towards an interior zone comprised between the two rotary cutting assemblies, preferably while covering the suction mouth.
  • the cutting head comprises a support plate carrying the rotary assemblies, and the deflector is fixed to this plate, preferably in a removable manner.
  • the deflector is therefore a separate element from the support plate.
  • the rotary assemblies of the machine are advantageously counter-rotating, preferably so as to bring the cuttings up between the two rotary assemblies towards the suction mouth.
  • the deflector can be made up of one or more parts.
  • chassis is also meant a kelly type bar at the lower end of which are mounted the rotary cutting assemblies.
  • the means for moving the excavation machine in a vertical direction comprise an arrow fixed to a carrier, the excavation machine being suspended vertically at the end of said arrow.
  • the means for moving the excavation machine in a vertical direction comprise a mast (preferably vertical) fixed to a carrier, the chassis being constituted by a bar (kelly) at the lower end of which is fixed the excavation machine, said means further comprising a carriage mounted sliding along the mast while being intended to be fixed to said bar.
  • the movement of the carriage causes the displacement of the excavation machine.
  • the bar constituting the chassis has a length, a width and a vertical height chosen so that the length (considered in a horizontal plane) is much less than the longitudinal span of the cutting assemblies.
  • the drilling fluid is forced to circulate between the cutting tools and the ground before being sucked in through the suction mouth, which improves the load of cuttings and the performance of the excavation assembly.
  • the drilling fluid is a drilling mud.
  • This machine 100 comprises a chassis 22 whose length, considered in a horizontal plane, is referenced Le on the figure 3 .
  • Le the longitudinal span E1 of the cutting assemblies, which corresponds substantially to the length of the trench, is strictly greater than the length Le of the chassis. Consequently, the excavation machine according to the invention is intended to excavate a trench whose length is greater than that of the chassis.
  • the excavation machine 100 differs from that of the figure 2 in that it further comprises a deflector 200 mounted at the lower end 22a of the frame 22 covering, in this case, the drums 26a, 26b, 28a, 28b of the cutting head.
  • the deflector is arranged below the chassis.
  • the cutting head comprises a support plate 40 fixed below the chassis 22, preferably by an articulated device 42.
  • This support plate 40 carries the rotary assemblies 26, 28 as well as the mouth of suction 30.
  • the support plate 40 is located below the chassis.
  • the deflector 200 is fixed to this support plate 40 so as to form a skirt projecting laterally around the entire periphery of the support plate 40 so as to cover the drums 26a, 26b, 28a, 28b.
  • the deflector has a length L and a width l which are slightly less than the transverse dimensions of the cutting head, that is to say that the width l of the deflector 200 is slightly less than the axial length (E2) (c (i.e. the transverse span) of the rotary assemblies 26,28 and that the length L of the deflector is less than the longitudinal span E1 of the rotary assemblies, it being understood that these dimensions are considered in a plane orthogonal to the direction longitudinal P of the chassis 22, or in a plane parallel to a plane containing the axes of rotation of the rotary cutting assemblies 26,28. It is further understood that the length and width of the cutting head E1, E2 correspond substantially to the transverse dimensions Tx, Ty of the trench T.
  • the dimensions of the deflector can be adapted to each size of drum.
  • the deflector 200 also has several curved portions 210 which extend tangentially with respect to the drums 26a, 26b, 28a, 28b. In addition, these curved portions are disposed slightly above the cutting teeth 31 which project radially at the periphery of the drums. As seen on the figure 3 , the angular extent ⁇ of these portions curved towards the outside of the rotary cutting assemblies, is, in this example, 45 °. For each rotary assembly, this angular extent is considered between two planes Q1, Q2 containing the axis of rotation X of said rotary assembly, one of the two planes, here the plane Q1, being orthogonal to the support plate 40.
  • the curved portions 210 also extend towards an interior zone, comprised between the two rotary cutting assemblies 26, 28, while covering the suction mouth 30.
  • the portion of the trench already formed is filled with a drilling liquid, in this case a drilling mud which makes it possible in particular to evacuate the cuttings out of the trench.
  • a drilling liquid in this case a drilling mud which makes it possible in particular to evacuate the cuttings out of the trench.
  • This drilling mud also makes it possible to prevent the part of the already excavated trench from collapsing by maintaining a hydrostatic pressure on the walls of the trench T.
  • the trench is kept filled by the drilling mud throughout the excavation operation, the said mud being sucked by the suction mouth 30 in order to be evacuated via the pipe 36.
  • the flow of drilling mud flowing from the top to the bottom of the trench T is illustrated by the arrows F, while the flow of discharged drilling mud is illustrated by the arrows G.
  • the flow of descending drilling mud F is deflected to be brought tangentially to the level of the drums 26a, 26b on the one hand, and 28a, 28b on the other hand.
  • the arrows F1 and F2 represent the secondary flows of drilling mud deflected by the deflector which then flow around the drums of each of the two rotary assemblies 26,28. It is specified that the flows F1 and F2 of drilling mud go in the same direction as the direction of rotation of each of the rotary cutting assemblies.
  • the deflector makes it possible to force the drilling mud to circulate between the cutting teeth 31 and the ground, and this before reaching the suction mouth 30. In fact, the latter being disposed below the deflector 200, the drilling mud cannot reach it before having circulated around the drums.
  • the length E1 (considered in a horizontal plane) of the rotary cutting assemblies is approximately 2800 mm, while the width or thickness (also considered in a horizontal plane) E2 of the rotary cutting assemblies is between 500 and 2000 mm.
  • the deflector for its part, has dimensions L, l in a horizontal plane chosen so that its lateral edges are slightly recessed with respect to the horizontal dimensions of the rotary cutting assemblies.
  • the shrinkage could be of the order of 20 mm so that the length L of the deflector will be equal to approximately 2760 mm.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet le domaine des machines d'excavation et de découpe de sol à fraises rotatives permettant notamment de réaliser des parois moulées dans le sol, tel que dans JP 7 310322 A .The subject of the present invention is the field of machines for excavating and cutting soil with rotary cutters, making it possible in particular to produce walls molded in the ground, such as in JP 7 310322 A .

Pour réaliser de telles parois moulées, il est tout d'abord nécessaire de creuser une tranchée dont la géométrie correspond à la paroi à réaliser. Ensuite, on remplit la tranchée avec un coulis ou un béton éventuellement muni d'armatures pour obtenir la paroi moulée.To make such diaphragm walls, it is first necessary to dig a trench whose geometry corresponds to the wall to be made. Then, the trench is filled with a grout or a concrete possibly provided with reinforcements to obtain the diaphragm wall.

Lorsque la paroi présente une certaine profondeur et qu'elle doit être réalisée avec une grande précision, on utilise le plus souvent des machines d'excavation du type fraise dans les lesquelles la tête de coupe est équipée de deux ensembles rotatifs munis d'outils d'excavation. Ces outils, sous l'effet de la poussée verticale, désagrègent le terrain ou la roche, ce qui produit d'importantes quantités de déblais. Lors de l'opération de forage, la tranchée est maintenue remplie de liquide de forage. Les déblais de forage présents dans le liquide de forage sont ensuite évacués hors de la tranchée par pompage.When the wall has a certain depth and it must be produced with great precision, one most often uses excavation machines of the milling type in which the cutting head is equipped with two rotary assemblies provided with tools. 'excavation. These tools, under the effect of the vertical thrust, disintegrate the ground or the rock, which produces significant quantities of cuttings. During the drilling operation, the trench is kept filled with drilling liquid. The drill cuttings present in the drilling fluid are then pumped out of the trench.

En se référant aux figures annexées 1 et 2, on va décrire un exemple de réalisation de machine d'excavation de type connu.Referring to the appended figures 1 and 2, an embodiment of a known type of excavation machine will be described.

Sur la figure 1 , on a représenté un ensemble d'excavation 9, similaire à celui décrit dans FR 2 806 111 qui comprend un porteur 10 muni d'une flèche 12. Sur l'extrémité 14 de la flèche 12, passent des câbles de sustentation 16 à l'extrémité 18 desquels est montée la machine d'excavation 20 proprement dite. Cette machine 20 comprend un châssis vertical 22 à l'extrémité inférieure duquel est montée une tête de coupe 24. La tête de coupe est essentiellement constituée par deux ensembles rotatifs de coupe 26 et 28 à axes de rotation horizontaux, X-X' parallèles entre eux. De préférence, chaque ensemble rotatif de coupe est constitué par deux fraises ou tambours montés symétriquement sur le châssis. La machine d'excavation comporte également, pour permettre la remontée des déblais, une bouche d'aspiration 30 disposée à l'extrémité inférieure du châssis entre les deux ensembles rotatifs de coupe 26 et 28, une conduite d'aspiration 32 reliant la bouche d'aspiration 30 à un dispositif d'aspiration 34, par exemple une pompe, et un conduit 36 qui permet d'aspirer le liquide de forage contenant les déblais en vue de l'évacuer vers une installation de récupération. En surface, une autre conduite est également prévue pour remplir la tranchée avec le liquide de forage.On the figure 1 , there is shown an excavation assembly 9, similar to that described in FR 2 806 111 which comprises a carrier 10 provided with an arrow 12. On the end 14 of the arrow 12, run lift cables 16 at the end 18 of which is mounted the excavation machine 20 proper. This machine 20 comprises a vertical frame 22 at the lower end of which is mounted a cutting head 24. The cutting head is essentially constituted by two rotary cutting assemblies 26 and 28 with horizontal axes of rotation, XX 'parallel to each other. Preferably, each rotary cutting assembly is constituted by two cutters or drums mounted symmetrically on the chassis. The excavation machine also comprises, to allow the removal of the cuttings, a suction mouth 30 disposed at the lower end of the frame between the two rotary cutting assemblies 26 and 28, a suction pipe 32 connecting the mouth d suction 30 to a suction device 34, for example a pump, and a conduit 36 which makes it possible to suction the drilling liquid containing the cuttings with a view to evacuating it to a recovery installation. On the surface, another pipe is also provided to fill the trench with drilling fluid.

Dans les machines d'excavation connues, les tambours cylindriques tournent à l'intérieur d'un volume de boue constitué en partie basse de deux demi cylindres créés par la découpe réalisée par les outils d'excavation montés sur les tambours, ce volume s'étendant essentiellement jusqu'au bord inférieur du châssis.In known excavation machines, the cylindrical drums rotate inside a volume of mud consisting in the lower part of two half cylinders created by the cut made by the excavation tools mounted on the drums, this volume s' extending essentially to the bottom edge of the chassis.

On comprend donc que les déblais sont transportés par le mouvement de rotation des tambours et par le flux de liquide de forage aspiré par la bouche d'aspiration.It is therefore understood that the cuttings are transported by the rotational movement of the drums and by the flow of drilling liquid sucked in by the suction mouth.

Il a cependant été constaté que les particules excavées, les déblais, ont tendance à stagner dans une zone de stagnation Z,Z' située au-dessus des tambours. En outre, les déblais ont tendance à sédimenter entre les tambours et le terrain, gênant ainsi considérablement l'action des outils de coupe, ce qui a pour conséquence de réduire fortement le rendement de l'excavation.However, it has been observed that the excavated particles, the cuttings, tend to stagnate in a stagnation zone Z, Z ′ situated above the drums. In addition, the cuttings tend to sediment between the drums and the ground, thus considerably hampering the action of the cutting tools, which has the consequence of greatly reducing the yield of the excavation.

Un objet de l'invention est de proposer une machine d'excavation ayant un rendement d'excavation amélioré.An object of the invention is to provide an excavation machine having an improved excavation efficiency.

L'invention concerne donc une machine d'excavation selon la revendication 1.The invention therefore relates to an excavation machine according to claim 1.

Grâce à ce déflecteur, on élimine les zones de stagnation en partie haute du volume de boue s'étendant autour des tambours.Thanks to this deflector, the stagnation zones in the upper part of the volume of mud extending around the drums are eliminated.

De plus, grâce au déflecteur, l'écoulement du liquide de forage est guidé autour des ensembles rotatifs de coupe, ce qui permet d'éliminer davantage de déblais dans la mesure où l'on contraint le liquide de forage à circuler entre les outils de coupe et le terrain. Autrement dit, on empêche le liquide de forage de s'écouler immédiatement dans la bouche d'aspiration avant d'avoir pu charrier une quantité suffisante de déblais.In addition, thanks to the deflector, the flow of drilling fluid is guided around the rotary cutting assemblies, which allows more cuttings to be eliminated insofar as the drilling fluid is forced to circulate between the drilling tools. cut and field. In other words, the drilling fluid is prevented from immediately flowing into the suction mouth before it has been able to load a sufficient quantity of cuttings.

Grâce à l'invention, les déblais sont donc plus rapidement évacués et, par voie de conséquence, n'ont pas tendance à sédimenter.Thanks to the invention, the cuttings are therefore evacuated more quickly and, consequently, do not tend to sediment.

On comprend donc que le déflecteur selon l'invention permet d'améliorer sensiblement le rendement d'évacuation des déblais, en conséquence de quoi, le rendement d'excavation de la machine est également sensiblement amélioré.It is therefore understood that the deflector according to the invention makes it possible to substantially improve the efficiency of removal of the cuttings, as a result of which, the excavation efficiency of the machine is also significantly improved.

Par ailleurs, pour améliorer la circulation du liquide de forage sous les tambours avant son aspiration par la bouche d'aspiration, le déflecteur est monté au dessus de la bouche d'aspiration.Furthermore, to improve the circulation of the drilling liquid under the drums before its suction by the suction mouth, the deflector is mounted above the suction mouth.

De plus, les dimensions du châssis, considérées dans un plan horizontal, sont inférieures aux dimensions horizontales des ensembles rotatifs de coupe.In addition, the dimensions of the chassis, considered in a horizontal plane, are less than the horizontal dimensions of the rotary cutting assemblies.

De plus, les dimensions transversales du déflecteur sont légèrement inférieures aux dimensions transversales des ensembles rotatifs de coupe.In addition, the transverse dimensions of the deflector are slightly smaller than the transverse dimensions of the rotary cutting assemblies.

Une telle conformation du déflecteur améliore encore le guidage du liquide de forage vers l'extérieur des tambours.Such a configuration of the deflector further improves the guiding of the drilling liquid towards the outside of the drums.

Selon une mode de réalisation préféré, le déflecteur présente au moins une portion courbée qui s'étend tangentiellement par rapport aux tambours de l'un des ensembles rotatifs. Dans ce mode de réalisation, les tambours portent des dents de coupe et la portion courbée est avantageusement disposée légèrement au dessus de l'extrémité radiale des dents de coupe. Autrement dit, la forme du déflecteur est avantageusement choisie pour que ce dernier épouse la forme cylindrique des tambours.According to a preferred embodiment, the deflector has at least one curved portion which extends tangentially with respect to the drums of one of the rotary assemblies. In this embodiment, the drums carry cutting teeth and the curved portion is advantageously disposed slightly above the radial end of the cutting teeth. In other words, the shape of the deflector is advantageously chosen so that the latter matches the cylindrical shape of the drums.

De préférence, l'étendue angulaire de la portion courbée, vers l'extérieur des ensembles rotatifs de coupe, est comprise entre 30 et 80°, de préférence entre 30° et 60°, cette étendue angulaire étant considérée entre deux plans sécants contenant l'axe de rotation de l'ensemble rotatif associé, l'un des deux plans étant vertical, ou à tout le moins parallèle à la direction longitudinale du châssis.Preferably, the angular extent of the curved portion, towards the outside of the rotary cutting assemblies, is between 30 and 80 °, preferably between 30 ° and 60 °, this angular extent being considered between two intersecting planes containing l 'axis of rotation of the associated rotary assembly, one of the two planes being vertical, or at least parallel to the longitudinal direction of the chassis.

La valeur de cette étendue sera choisie de manière à ne pas gêner l'action des tambours.The value of this range will be chosen so as not to hinder the action of the drums.

De préférence, la portion courbée s'étend aussi vers une zone intérieure comprise entre les deux ensembles rotatifs de coupe, de préférence tout en couvrant la bouche d'aspiration.Preferably, the curved portion also extends towards an interior zone comprised between the two rotary cutting assemblies, preferably while covering the suction mouth.

Selon une variante, la tête de coupe comporte une plaque de support portant les ensembles rotatifs, et le déflecteur est fixé à cette plaque, de préférence de manière démontable.According to a variant, the cutting head comprises a support plate carrying the rotary assemblies, and the deflector is fixed to this plate, preferably in a removable manner.

Dans ce cas, le déflecteur est donc un élément distinct de la plaque de support.In this case, the deflector is therefore a separate element from the support plate.

On précise que les ensembles rotatifs de la machine sont avantageusement contrarotatifs, de préférence de manière à faire remonter les déblais entre les deux ensembles rotatifs vers la bouche d'aspiration.It is specified that the rotary assemblies of the machine are advantageously counter-rotating, preferably so as to bring the cuttings up between the two rotary assemblies towards the suction mouth.

On précise également que le déflecteur peut être constitué en une ou plusieurs parties.It is also specified that the deflector can be made up of one or more parts.

Au sens de l'invention, par châssis, on entend également une barre de type kelly à l'extrémité inférieure de laquelle sont montés les ensembles rotatifs de coupe.Within the meaning of the invention, by chassis is also meant a kelly type bar at the lower end of which are mounted the rotary cutting assemblies.

La présente invention porte également sur un ensemble d'excavation pour le forage d'une tranchée dans un sol, comportant :

  • une machine d'excavation selon l'invention ;
  • des moyens pour déplacer la machine d'excavation selon une direction verticale ;
des moyens pour alimenter la tranchée en liquide de forage pendant le forage, le déflecteur étant arrangé de manière à guider le liquide tangentiellement dans le sens de rotation des tambours.The present invention also relates to an excavation assembly for drilling a trench in a ground, comprising:
  • an excavation machine according to the invention;
  • means for moving the excavating machine in a vertical direction;
means for supplying the trench with drilling liquid during drilling, the deflector being arranged so as to guide the liquid tangentially in the direction of rotation of the drums.

Selon une première variante, les moyens pour déplacer la machine d'excavation selon une direction verticale comprennent une flèche fixée à un porteur, la machine d'excavation étant suspendue verticalement à l'extrémité de ladite flèche.According to a first variant, the means for moving the excavation machine in a vertical direction comprise an arrow fixed to a carrier, the excavation machine being suspended vertically at the end of said arrow.

Selon une autre variante, les moyens pour déplacer la machine d'excavation selon une direction verticale comprennent un mât (de préférence vertical) fixé à un porteur, le châssis étant constitué par une barre (kelly) à l'extrémité inférieure de laquelle est fixée la machine d'excavation, lesdits moyens comprenant en outre un chariot monté coulissant le long du mât tout en étant destiné à être fixé à ladite barre. Dans cette variante, le déplacement du chariot entraine le déplacement de la machine d'excavation.According to another variant, the means for moving the excavation machine in a vertical direction comprise a mast (preferably vertical) fixed to a carrier, the chassis being constituted by a bar (kelly) at the lower end of which is fixed the excavation machine, said means further comprising a carriage mounted sliding along the mast while being intended to be fixed to said bar. In this variant, the movement of the carriage causes the displacement of the excavation machine.

Dans ce mode de réalisation, la barre constituant le châssis présente une longueur, une largeur et une hauteur verticale choisies de telle sorte que la longueur (considérée dans un plan horizontal) soit très inférieure à l'envergure longitudinale des ensembles de coupe.In this embodiment, the bar constituting the chassis has a length, a width and a vertical height chosen so that the length (considered in a horizontal plane) is much less than the longitudinal span of the cutting assemblies.

Ainsi, dans ces deux variantes de réalisation, on force le liquide de forage à circuler entre les outils de coupe et le terrain avant d'être aspiré par la bouche d'aspiration, grâce à quoi on améliore le charriage des déblais et le rendement de l'ensemble d'excavation.Thus, in these two alternative embodiments, the drilling fluid is forced to circulate between the cutting tools and the ground before being sucked in through the suction mouth, which improves the load of cuttings and the performance of the excavation assembly.

De préférence, le liquide de forage est une boue de forage.Preferably, the drilling fluid is a drilling mud.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the following description of an embodiment of the invention given by way of non-limiting example.

La description se réfère aux figures annexées, sur lesquelles :

  • les figures 1 et 2 déjà décrites montrent un ensemble d'excavation de type connu ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de face d'une machine d'excavation selon l'invention comportant un déflecteur;
  • la figure 4 est une vue de côté de la machine d'excavation de la figure 3 ; et
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe de la machine d'excavation prise selon le plan V-V de la figure 3 .
The description refers to the appended figures, in which:
  • the Figures 1 and 2 already described show a known type of excavation assembly;
  • the figure 3 is a front view of an excavation machine according to the invention comprising a deflector;
  • the figure 4 is a side view of the excavation machine of the figure 3 ; and
  • the figure 5 is a sectional view of the excavation machine taken according to the VV plan of the figure 3 .

Sur les figures 3 et 4 on a représenté un exemple d'une machine d'excavation 100 selon l'invention destinée à remplacer la machine d'excavation 20 de l'ensemble d'excavation des figures 1 et 2 . On the figures 3 and 4 there is shown an example of an excavation machine 100 according to the invention intended to replace the excavation machine 20 of the excavation assembly of Figures 1 and 2 .

Cette machine 100 comporte un châssis 22 dont la longueur, considérée dans un plan horizontal, est référencée Le sur la figure 3. Comme on le voit sur la figure 3 , l'envergure longitudinale E1 des ensembles de coupe, qui correspond sensiblement à la longueur de la tranchée, est strictement supérieure à la longueur Le du châssis. Par conséquent, la machine d'excavation selon l'invention est destinée à excaver une tranchée dont la longueur est supérieure à celle du châssis.This machine 100 comprises a chassis 22 whose length, considered in a horizontal plane, is referenced Le on the figure 3 . As seen on the figure 3 , the longitudinal span E1 of the cutting assemblies, which corresponds substantially to the length of the trench, is strictly greater than the length Le of the chassis. Consequently, the excavation machine according to the invention is intended to excavate a trench whose length is greater than that of the chassis.

Conformément à la présente invention, la machine d'excavation 100 se distingue de celle de la figure 2 en ce qu'elle comporte en outre un déflecteur 200 monté à l'extrémité inférieure 22a du châssis 22 couvrant, en l'espèce, les tambours 26a,26b,28a,28b de la tête de coupe. Comme on le voit sur la figure 3 , le déflecteur est disposé en dessous du châssis.In accordance with the present invention, the excavation machine 100 differs from that of the figure 2 in that it further comprises a deflector 200 mounted at the lower end 22a of the frame 22 covering, in this case, the drums 26a, 26b, 28a, 28b of the cutting head. As seen on the figure 3 , the deflector is arranged below the chassis.

Comme on le voit sur ces figures, la tête de coupe comporte une plaque de support 40 fixée en dessous du châssis 22, de préférence par un dispositif articulé 42. Cette plaque de support 40 porte les ensembles rotatifs 26,28 ainsi que la bouche d'aspiration 30. En outre, la plaque de support 40 est située en dessous du châssis.As can be seen in these figures, the cutting head comprises a support plate 40 fixed below the chassis 22, preferably by an articulated device 42. This support plate 40 carries the rotary assemblies 26, 28 as well as the mouth of suction 30. In addition, the support plate 40 is located below the chassis.

Dans cet exemple, le déflecteur 200 est fixée à cette plaque de support 40 de manière à former une jupe débordant latéralement sur tout le pourtour de la plaque de support 40 de manière à couvrir les tambours 26a,26b,28a,28b. In this example, the deflector 200 is fixed to this support plate 40 so as to form a skirt projecting laterally around the entire periphery of the support plate 40 so as to cover the drums 26a, 26b, 28a, 28b.

En outre, on constate sur la figure 3 que le déflecteur 200 est disposé au dessus de la bouche d'aspiration 30. Un intérêt d'une telle disposition sera explicité ci-après.In addition, we can see on the figure 3 that the deflector 200 is disposed above the suction mouth 30. An advantage of such an arrangement will be explained below.

Comme on le voit mieux sur la figure 5 , le déflecteur présente une longueur L et une largeur l qui sont légèrement inférieures aux dimensions transversales de la tête de coupe, c'est-à-dire que la largeur l du déflecteur 200 est légèrement inférieure à la longueur axiale (E2) (c'est-à-dire l'envergure transversale) des ensembles rotatifs 26,28 et que la longueur L du déflecteur est inférieure à l'envergure longitudinale E1 des ensembles rotatifs, étant entendu que ces dimensions sont considérées dans un plan orthogonal à la direction longitudinale P du châssis 22, ou encore dans un plan parallèle à un plan contenant les axes de rotation des ensembles rotatifs de coupe 26,28. On comprend par ailleurs que la longueur et la largeur de la tête de coupe E1, E2 correspondent sensiblement aux dimensions transversales Tx, Ty de la tranchée T. As we can see better on the figure 5 , the deflector has a length L and a width l which are slightly less than the transverse dimensions of the cutting head, that is to say that the width l of the deflector 200 is slightly less than the axial length (E2) (c (i.e. the transverse span) of the rotary assemblies 26,28 and that the length L of the deflector is less than the longitudinal span E1 of the rotary assemblies, it being understood that these dimensions are considered in a plane orthogonal to the direction longitudinal P of the chassis 22, or in a plane parallel to a plane containing the axes of rotation of the rotary cutting assemblies 26,28. It is further understood that the length and width of the cutting head E1, E2 correspond substantially to the transverse dimensions Tx, Ty of the trench T.

Bien évidemment, les dimensions du déflecteur peuvent être adaptées à chaque taille de tambours.Obviously, the dimensions of the deflector can be adapted to each size of drum.

Le déflecteur 200 présente par ailleurs plusieurs portions courbées 210 qui s'étendent tangentiellement par rapport aux tambours 26a,26b,28a,28b. En outre ces portions courbées sont disposées légèrement au-dessus de dents de coupe 31 qui font radialement saillie à la périphérie des tambours. Comme on le voit sur la figure 3, l'étendue angulaire β de ces portions courbées vers l'extérieur des ensembles rotatifs de coupe, est, dans cet exemple, de 45°. Pour chaque ensemble rotatif, cette étendue angulaire est considérée entre deux plans Q1, Q2 contenant l'axe de rotation X dudit ensemble rotatif, l'un des deux plans, ici le plan Q1, étant orthogonal à la plaque de support 40. The deflector 200 also has several curved portions 210 which extend tangentially with respect to the drums 26a, 26b, 28a, 28b. In addition, these curved portions are disposed slightly above the cutting teeth 31 which project radially at the periphery of the drums. As seen on the figure 3 , the angular extent β of these portions curved towards the outside of the rotary cutting assemblies, is, in this example, 45 °. For each rotary assembly, this angular extent is considered between two planes Q1, Q2 containing the axis of rotation X of said rotary assembly, one of the two planes, here the plane Q1, being orthogonal to the support plate 40.

Les portions courbées 210 s'étendent également vers une zone intérieure, comprise entre les deux ensembles rotatifs de coupe 26, 28, tout en couvrant la bouche d'aspiration 30. The curved portions 210 also extend towards an interior zone, comprised between the two rotary cutting assemblies 26, 28, while covering the suction mouth 30.

A l'aide de la figure 3 , on va maintenant expliquer plus en détail un intérêt principal du déflecteur 200. Using the figure 3 , we will now explain in more detail a main interest of the deflector 200.

Comme on l'a mentionné ci-dessus, lors de la réalisation de la tranchée T, on remplit la partie de la tranchée déjà formée d'un liquide de forage, en l'espèce une boue de forage qui permet notamment d'évacuer les déblais hors de la tranchée.As mentioned above, during the construction of the trench T, the portion of the trench already formed is filled with a drilling liquid, in this case a drilling mud which makes it possible in particular to evacuate the cuttings out of the trench.

Cette boue de forage permet également d'éviter que la partie de la tranchée déjà excavée ne s'effondre en maintenant une pression hydrostatique sur les parois de la tranchée T. This drilling mud also makes it possible to prevent the part of the already excavated trench from collapsing by maintaining a hydrostatic pressure on the walls of the trench T.

On comprend donc que la tranchée est maintenue remplie par la boue de forage tout au long de l'opération d'excavation, la dite boue étant aspirée par la bouche d'aspiration 30 en vue d'être évacuée par la conduite 36. Le flux de boue de forage s'écoulant depuis le haut vers le bas de la tranchée T est illustré par les flèches F, tandis que le flux de boue de forage refoulé est illustré par les flèches G. It is therefore understood that the trench is kept filled by the drilling mud throughout the excavation operation, the said mud being sucked by the suction mouth 30 in order to be evacuated via the pipe 36. The flow of drilling mud flowing from the top to the bottom of the trench T is illustrated by the arrows F, while the flow of discharged drilling mud is illustrated by the arrows G.

Grâce au déflecteur 200, le flux de boue de forage descendant F est dévié pour être amené tangentiellement au niveau des tambours 26a,26b d'une part, et 28a,28b d'autre part. Les flèches F1 et F2 représentent les flux secondaires de boue de forage déviés par le déflecteur qui s'écoulent ensuite autour des tambours de chacun des deux ensembles rotatifs 26,28. On précise que les flux F1 et F2 de boue de forage vont dans le même sens que le sens de rotation de chacun des ensembles rotatifs de coupe.Thanks to the deflector 200, the flow of descending drilling mud F is deflected to be brought tangentially to the level of the drums 26a, 26b on the one hand, and 28a, 28b on the other hand. The arrows F1 and F2 represent the secondary flows of drilling mud deflected by the deflector which then flow around the drums of each of the two rotary assemblies 26,28. It is specified that the flows F1 and F2 of drilling mud go in the same direction as the direction of rotation of each of the rotary cutting assemblies.

Ces flux secondaires de boue de forage F1, F2 s'écoulant au dessus du déflecteur 200 empêchent avantageusement les déblais de stagner au dessus des tambours.These secondary flows of drilling mud F1, F2 flowing above the deflector 200 advantageously prevent the cuttings from stagnating above the drums.

Comme on le voit, le déflecteur permet de forcer la boue de forage à circuler entre les dents de coupe 31 et le terrain, et ce avant d'atteindre la bouche d'aspiration 30. En effet, cette dernière étant disposée en dessous du déflecteur 200, la boue de forage ne peut l'atteindre avant d'avoir circulé autour des tambours.As can be seen, the deflector makes it possible to force the drilling mud to circulate between the cutting teeth 31 and the ground, and this before reaching the suction mouth 30. In fact, the latter being disposed below the deflector 200, the drilling mud cannot reach it before having circulated around the drums.

Un tel guidage permet donc d'entrainer de façon optimale les déblais afin de les évacuer rapidement hors de la tranchée.Such guidance therefore makes it possible to optimally drive the cuttings in order to quickly evacuate them from the trench.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, la longueur E1 (considérée dans un plan horizontal) des ensembles rotatifs de coupe est d'environ 2800 mm, tandis que la largeur ou épaisseur (également considérée dans un plan horizontal) E2 des ensembles rotatifs de coupe est comprise entre 500 et 2000 mm. Le déflecteur quant à lui présente des dimensions L, l dans un plan horizontal choisies de sorte que ses bords latéraux soient légèrement en retrait par rapport aux dimensions horizontales des ensembles rotatifs de coupe. Par exemple, le retrait pourra être de l'ordre de 20 mm de sorte que la longueur L du déflecteur sera égale à environ 2760 mm.By way of nonlimiting example, the length E1 (considered in a horizontal plane) of the rotary cutting assemblies is approximately 2800 mm, while the width or thickness (also considered in a horizontal plane) E2 of the rotary cutting assemblies is between 500 and 2000 mm. The deflector, for its part, has dimensions L, l in a horizontal plane chosen so that its lateral edges are slightly recessed with respect to the horizontal dimensions of the rotary cutting assemblies. For example, the shrinkage could be of the order of 20 mm so that the length L of the deflector will be equal to approximately 2760 mm.

Claims (9)

  1. An excavation machine (100) including:
    - a vertical frame (22) having a lower end (22a);
    - a cutting head (24) mounted at said lower end of the frame, said cutting head comprising a support plate (40) carrying two rotary cutting assemblies (26, 28) having parallel axes of rotation (X, X'), each rotary cutting assembly comprising two drums (26a, 26b, 28a, 28b);
    - at least one suction mouth (30) fixed to the cutting head between the two rotary cutting assemblies;
    - a suction device (34) connected to the suction mouth for the removal of spoil excavated by the drums;
    - a deflector (200) disposed above the suction mouth, and fixed to the support plate (40) so as to form a skirt extending laterally on the periphery of the support plate in order to cover at least one of the drums, the excavation machine being characterized in that the transverse dimensions (I, L) of the deflector (200) are slightly smaller than the transverse dimensions (E1, E2) of the rotary cutting assemblies (26, 28).
  2. The excavation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the deflector (200) has at least one curved portion (210) which extends tangentially relative to the drums of one of the rotary assemblies.
  3. The excavation machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the drums (26a, 26b, 28a, 28b) carry cutting teeth (31), and in that the curved portion is disposed slightly above the radial end of the cutting teeth.
  4. The excavation machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the angular extent (β) of the curved portion (210) is comprised between 30 and 80°, this angular extent being considered between the two intersecting planes (Q1, Q2) containing the axis of rotation of one of the cutting assemblies, one of these planes being vertical.
  5. The excavation machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the deflector (200) is fixed in a detachable manner to said plate.
  6. The excavation machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the rotary assemblies (26, 28) are contra-rotating.
  7. An excavation assembly (9) for drilling a trench (T) in a soil, including:
    - an excavation machine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
    - means (12, 16) for moving the excavation machine along a vertical direction (P); and
    - means for supplying the trench (T) with drilling liquid during the drilling, the flow of drilling liquid flowing from top to bottom of the trench, the deflector (200) being arranged so as to guide the drilling liquid tangentially in the direction of rotation of the drums (26, 28) of the excavation machine.
  8. The excavation assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that the deflector is arranged so as to force the drilling liquid to circulate between the drums and the soil.
  9. The excavation assembly according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the deflector is arranged so as to divert the flow of drilling liquid into secondary flows flowing above the deflector and guide the secondary flows tangentially between the drums and the soil.
EP10176443.9A 2009-09-15 2010-09-13 Excavating machine including at least one wheel covered with a deflector Active EP2295648B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0956334A FR2950086B1 (en) 2009-09-15 2009-09-15 EXCAVATION MACHINE WITH AT LEAST ONE DRUM COVERED BY A DEFLECTOR

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EP2295648A1 EP2295648A1 (en) 2011-03-16
EP2295648B1 true EP2295648B1 (en) 2020-04-22

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5351826B2 (en) * 2010-05-10 2013-11-27 三菱重工業株式会社 Cutter head for underwater mining machine
ITTO20110961A1 (en) * 2011-10-24 2013-04-25 Soilmec Spa EXCAVATION MUD EVACUATION SYSTEM.
FR3041023B1 (en) * 2015-09-10 2017-09-29 Soletanche Freyssinet DRILLING MACHINE COMPRISING A SHOCK ABSORBER
FR3041976B1 (en) 2015-10-06 2017-11-24 Soletanche Freyssinet PORT QUARTET CONSISTS OF VOUTED WALLS AND PLANT TILES
CN108824523B (en) * 2018-07-25 2023-10-20 上海工程机械厂有限公司 Chain saw type cutting box
EP4086390B1 (en) * 2021-05-06 2024-04-03 BAUER Maschinen GmbH Trench wall cutter and method for creating a milled slit in the ground

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JPS4919129B1 (en) * 1968-11-11 1974-05-15
JPS495402B1 (en) * 1969-12-13 1974-02-07
DD113159A3 (en) * 1970-11-06 1975-05-20
JP2822872B2 (en) * 1994-02-04 1998-11-11 株式会社大林組 Rotary excavator
JP2737826B2 (en) * 1994-05-18 1998-04-08 鹿島建設株式会社 Face-limited underground wall excavator
FR2806111B1 (en) * 2000-03-13 2002-06-14 Cie Du Sol HARD GROUND DRILLING APPARATUS
FR2883893B1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2007-06-22 Cie Du Sol Soc Civ Ile SUCTION MOUTH FOR TRANCHE EXCAVATION MACHINE

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FR2950086A1 (en) 2011-03-18
EP2295648A1 (en) 2011-03-16
FR2950086B1 (en) 2021-05-14

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