Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/12—Powders or granules
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
  • A01N25/006—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits insecticidal
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of agriculture, and more particularly to the use in landfill of a pyrethrum-based composition, with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin.
• pesticide derived from the English word pest (“pests”), refers to substances or preparations used for the prevention, control or elimination of organisms considered to be undesirable, be they plants, animals or animals. , fungi or bacteria. In common parlance the term pesticide is generally associated with an agricultural use of these substances, but the generic term also includes domestic uses, urban, road ...
• pesticide means both the active substance, that is to say responsible for the intended action that the composition containing the active substance and sold to the user.
• plant protection products or phytosanitary products.
• herbicides to control weeds
• fungicides to control fungi
• insecticides to control insects
• Other products exist having an action on the rodents (rodonticides), on the snails and the slugs (molluscicides).
• the use of pesticides in agriculture dates back to antiquity. The use of sulfur seems to date back to 1000 years before J.
• arsenic was recommended by Pliny and arsenical products are known in China from the sixteenth century; it is also around this time that the insecticidal properties of tobacco and the roots of Derris and Lonchocarpus are reported. The more widespread use of pesticides has followed the progress of mineral chemistry. In the nineteenth century, fungicidal treatments are based on copper sulphate (the famous Bordeaux mixture) or mercury; insecticides such as copper arsenite, copper acetoarsenite and arsenate of lead are also emerging. Pyrethrum A powder from flowers of the genus Chrysanthemum is introduced as an insecticide at this time.
• insecticides such as DDD and DDT were used in large quantities in preventive medicine to destroy the mosquito responsible for malaria and in agriculture for the elimination of the Colorado potato beetle.
• the use of these products has undergone a very strong development in past decades, making them almost indispensable for most agricultural practices, regardless of the level of economic development of the countries.
• pesticide consumption doubled every ten years.
• insecticides are active substances or preparations with the property of killing insects, their larvae and / or their eggs.
• the generic term insecticide also includes pesticides intended to control arthropods that are not insects (eg mites, spiders or ticks) as well as repellents.
• insecticides There are different chemical families of insecticides, which are related to their mode of action which may be based on disruption of the nervous system, cellular respiration, cuticle placement, or disruption of the moult. . These main families are organophosphorus compounds, carbamates, pyrethroids, natural or synthetic, organochlorines and benzoyl ureas.
• organophosphorus compounds carbamates, pyrethroids, natural or synthetic, organochlorines and benzoyl ureas.
• the protection of seedlings against soil insects remains crucial for some crops.
• the year 2006 marks the upsurge of the damage caused by underground pests, for example the gray fly, and the click beetles. The latter were strongly manifested in autumn 2005 everywhere and more particularly in the West of France. against these pests, only seed protection provides an effective response.
• Wireworms are a family of insects particularly harmful to these crops, and their harmfulness is all the more marked as the forms to wireworms can remain for very long periods in the soil, up to 5 years.
• Contamination by pesticides has been detected in all compartments of the environment: in the waters of rivers and groundwater, in the air and in rainwater. They are also found in fruits, vegetables, cereals and products of animal origin (eggs, milk, meat, fish..). They exist in their original form but they can also be degraded, we then speak of residues or metabolites
• Surfactants dodecylbenzene, Ca, Al or Na lignosulfonate
• dilution charges kaolin, talc, chalk, aluminum silicate and magnesium or Ca carbonate
• Stabilizers anti-oxygen and pH buffer
• granules to be dispersed granules obtained by agglomeration with a little water, active material, filler and binding and dispersing agents, followed by drying. These granules must be dispersed in water at the time of use;
• MG microgranules
• granules-baits granules obtained by the agglomeration of active material, filler and binding and dispersing agents, followed by drying.
• the bait granules are formulated ready for use. They are calibrated and have a uniform size to allow regular spreading of the active ingredient.
• the load is a flour (wheat, durum, etc.).
• soluble concentrates it is a solution of active ingredient to be diluted in water, added with surfactants
• concentrated suspensions solid, water-insoluble active substances are kept in concentrated suspension in water, in the presence of wetting agents, dispersants, thickeners (xanthan gum, bentonite, silica) or anti-redeposition agent, antifreeze (ethylene glycol, urea) antifoamants and sometimes bactericidal (1, 2-Benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -one, methanal or formaldehyde).
• wetting agents dispersants
• thickeners xanthan gum, bentonite, silica
• antifreeze ethylene glycol, urea
• bactericidal 1, 2-Benzisothiazol-3 (2H) -one, methanal or formaldehyde
• emulsifiable concentrates the active ingredients are placed in concentrated solution in an organic solvent and added with emulsifiers responsible for stabilizing the emulsions obtained at the time of use by dilution in water;
• EW concentrated emulsions
• the active ingredient is dissolved in an organic solvent.
• the added solution of emulsifying agents is dispersed in a large amount of water. This presentation is less toxic and less flammable than emulsifiable concentrates. It is diluted in water at the time of use.
• Pesticides can be sold as powders or concentrates to be diluted with water, aerosol, granules or bait. They are applied in different ways; they may be sprayed from an aircraft or a tractor-drawn spray, dissolved in irrigation water, buried in the ground, scattered in pellets or pellets on the ground near the plants, applied as a treatment of seeds, inserted into the collar of cattle or presented in the form of baits.
• these substances are not used in pure form: they are either diluted in water or in another solvent (hydrocarbon), or mixed with an inert solid material (clay, talc, coal, etc.) and presented under form of powder or granules, or associated with a commodity used as bait (wheat for rodents, sound for snails and slugs).
• a process to try to protect the seed is the application of insecticide granules or surface-spreading bait at the time of sowing. But current modes of application do not allow optimal protection. Indeed, they are not placed all around the seed, and harmful insects can reach the seed and damage it. In addition, these formulas are not very active at low doses.
• Another mode of application is the placing of insecticide granules or bait in the bottom of the furrow at the time of sowing.
• the advantage of this mode of application is that the contact of the product with the seed is improved since the product is closer to the seed, in comparison with a surface application application.
• pyrethroids are one of the few families of insecticidal compounds whose use is still allowed on the market, and especially to protect seeds.
• pyrethrinoid is meant according to the invention, unless otherwise indicated, both natural pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroids, cypermethrin in particular.
• Pyrethrum or pyrethrum of Dalmatia is a perennial herb of the family Asteraceae (Compounds). It is a species native to southeastern Europe (Croatia, Montenegro, Bulgaria). It is a perennial plant 40 to 60 cm high, growing in tufts with many stems each carrying a terminal capitulum. It has been widely spread by culture, especially in Europe (Italy, Spain), Japan, North Africa, Kenya, Philippine. This plant is grown for its flowers from which an insecticidal powder is drawn.
• the term "pyrethrum” refers to the powder made from dried flowers of chrysanthemum while the term “pyrethrin (s)” refers to the six insecticidal compounds naturally contained in this powder. These six pyrethrins make up 0.9 to 1.3% of the dried flowers.
• Additives can be added ⁇ to increase the effectiveness of pyrethrum or surfactants, or antioxidants.
• Synthetic pyrethroids are so-called "third generation” insecticides, they are derived from natural pyrethrins, seeking to increase their toxicity and photostability. Endowed with a considerable toxicity and acting by contact, they almost instantaneously kill insects by neurotoxic shock effect, allowing to use them at very reduced doses (10 to 40 g of active ingredient per ha). They kill the insect by blocking the functioning of sodium channels essential for the transmission of nerve impulses.
• Examples of synthetic pyrethroids are: bifenthrin, bioresmethrin, deltamethrin, depallethrin, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, cyfluthrin, alphametrine, betacypermethrin, tralomethrin, fluvalinate, permethrin, lambda-cyalothrin, flucythrinate, tefluthrin, tralomethrin, zetacypermethrin, betacyfluthrin.
• the inventors had the idea of improving the usual mode of application of pyrethrum-based formulations, with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin.
• the inventors have demonstrated that by applying pyrethrum-based compositions with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin, in the form of granules or microgranules, they significantly increase the effectiveness of these compounds for seed protection.
• the use of pyrethrum in burial allows to constitute a barrier around the seed preventing the pests from reaching this one.
• the active ingredient is in the best conditions because it is close to the seed and can prevent its biochemical target from reaching the seed. For this purpose we increase their chances of contact with the target pest through the formation of this barrier.
• pyrethrum in the form of granules or microgranules was greatly increased when they are applied to burial over the entire width of the seed line in which the seed is placed whether it is a furrow culture or a ridge culture.
• these compounds are a barrier to soil insects, which can less easily attack and denature the seed, as well as the buried part of the plant, once the seed has germinated and the seedling has begun to grow.
• a higher effect of the pyrethrum derivatives is thus obtained by this mode of use, in comparison with a conventional means of application, particularly when the insecticides are applied in liquid form.
• Pyrethrins being compounds acting by contact, and not by vapor effect, are usually used in liquid formulation. They are not used in granular or microgranular formulation because applied conventionally, that is to say only in the bottom of the furrow, their effect is very localized and very limited.
• the use in burial of pyrethrum with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin in the form of granules or microgranules over the entire width of the seedling line is advantageous because the product, present in the soil all around the seed, can have an effect all around the seed.
• the effectiveness of the products is increased compared to liquid formulations.
• Another advantage is that it can thus reduce the doses of the product applied, and consequently reduce their toxicity, both for the environment and for the person who applies the product.
• microgranules because they are not captured by soil colloids (such as clay), presents less environmental risks. Indeed, the products used in liquid form for example, they can be captured by these colloids soil. Then there is a risk of runoff in heavy rain that takes the colloids and therefore the product to the rivers. In addition, their sequestration makes them less bio-available (contact between the product and the pest obstructed by the layers of the colloid). Which is not the case of microgranules.
• pyrethrum means pyrethrum as such, pyrethrins and / or pyrethroids, 7 whether natural or synthetic, and all their isomers or isomeric mixtures .
• the invention relates to the use in burial in the soil of a composition comprising at least pyrethrum with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin, in the form of granules or microgranules.
• the invention relates to the use in burial in the soil of a composition comprising at least pyrethrum, with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin, in the form of microgranules.
• the synthetic pyrethrum is chosen from bioresmethrin, deltamethrin, depallethrin, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, cyfluthrin, alphametrine, betacypermethrin, tralomethrin, fluvalinate, permethrin, lambda-cyalothrin, flucythrinate, tralomethrin, zetacypermethrin, betacyfluthrin.
• cypermethrin and natural pyrethrum particular mention is made of cypermethrin and natural pyrethrum.
• the pyrethrum can be used alone or in mixture with each other or with other pesticidal compounds.
• the composition When according to the invention the composition will be in the form of microgranules, then they may have a size between 0.1 and 1 mm in diameter, preferably between 0.25 and 0.8 mm.
• the apparent density of the microgranules is important because it conditions the good spreading of these.
• compositions when the composition will be in the form of microgranules, then they may have an apparent density of between 1 and 2, preferably between 1.35 and 1.65.
• the number of grains per gram of microgranules is important because it determines the effectiveness of these. In fact, the higher the number of grains per gram of the microgranules, the greater the chances of contact between the microgranules and the pest, and therefore the better the efficiency of the microgranules.
• the composition when according to the invention will be in the form of microgranules, they may have a number of grains per gram between 1500 and 4000, preferably between 2200 and 3400.
• the application dose of the compositions varies according to the compound used.
• the amount of active material used in the composition may be in a proportion corresponding to 2 to 12 grams of active ingredient per kilogram of composition, preferably from 6 to 10 g / kg, and very preferably from 7 to 9 g / kg.
• the composition may be used at a dose ranging from 2 to 20 kg / ha, preferably from 9 to 15 kg / ha, and very preferably from 12 kg / ha.
• the invention relates to the aforementioned use, in a method of protecting a furrow culture against soil insects which comprises the following steps: a) furrowing into the soil; b) the seed is placed in the soil in the bottom of the seedling line formed by the furrow; c) a composition comprising at least pyrethrum, with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin, is spread over the entire width of the seed line in which the seed has been placed; and d) closing the furrow with the soil prepared in step c).
• the second and third steps of the process may be reversed.
• the second and third steps can be simultaneous.
• the pyrethrum preparation is first deposited, followed by the seed.
• an excavation in the form of a half cylinder is formed in the ground.
• the application of the composition comprising at least one pyrethrum over the entire surface of the excavation, before or after or at the time of the removal of the seed makes it possible, during the closure of the furrow, to create an insecticidal barrier all around the seed, which is encapsulated in a network of insecticide, which protects it from soil insects that can not reach it.
• the invention is also applicable in billon crops.
• the pyrethrum composition with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin, is applied to a soil surface greater than the area occupied by the seed, before or after or at the time of deposit of the seed, and when the ridge is formed, the seed is enclosed in soil mixed with insecticidal composition, all around it, which effectively protects it against soil pests.
• the seed is thus completely surrounded by the formulation comprising the active ingredient.
• the invention also relates to a method for protecting a cultivation of ridges against soil insects which comprises the following steps: a) placing the seed on the ground, b) then spreading a composition comprising at least pyrethrum to the soil; except for tefluthrin and bifenthrin, on a surface equivalent to the largest circumference of the seed, c) a ridge is formed by covering the seed placed in a) with the soil prepared in the previous step.
• the first and second steps of the logging process may be reversed.
• the first and the second step of the cultivation method in billon can be simultaneous.
• the pyrethrum-based preparation is first deposited and then the seed.
• the present invention thus relates to a method for the protection of seeds which has the following advantages: the microgranular compounds are well distributed in the seedling line over the entire profile of the furrow. Thus during the closing of the furrow or the creation of the ridge, the active compound is distributed all around the seed. The seed is thus protected against insects from the soil. These are more difficult to reach the seed.
• the use of a composition based on pyrethrum, with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin, in burial according to the invention is more effective closer to the seed, without being on the seed.
• the method according to the invention therefore optimizes the protection of the seed without having the disadvantages of the coated seeds. It is understandable that the insecticide barrier, it kills a significant amount of soil insects wanting to reach the seed. Due to this increased efficacy of the insecticide compared to the usual modes of application, the method is particularly advantageous in that it allows the use of lower doses of active product.
• the process according to the invention protects the seed, but also the parts buried in the soil of the plant resulting from the germination of the seed,
• the method according to the invention is, moreover, easy and quick to implement.
• the insecticide dispersion is also limited in the environment.
• the method of application of the insecticide does not cause any propagation or pollution on the soil surface, which avoids contaminating animals other than animals living in the soil.
• the process according to the invention can be used for any agricultural crop (cereals, market garden plants, horticultural plants, etc.). It is understood that the seeds and then the plant resulting from the seed, are protected by the process according to the invention.
• the use is for corn, rapeseed, sorghum, sunflower, potato, beet, carrot, cereal, cabbage, bean, melon and tomato crops. ornamental crops or tobacco. Even more preferably, the invention applies to corn.
• a composition comprising at least cypermethrin and / or natural pyrethrum may be used.
• furrow we mean a trench dug in the ground.
• the characteristics of the furrow are those usually used in agriculture, and vary according to the seeds used, which the farmer will be able to adapt.
• the insecticides regularly to a depth of at least greater than 1.5 cm, preferably greater than 2 cm.
• the width of the spreading surface of the pyrethrum-based composition in the furrow or in the ridge must be at least greater than the largest circumference occupied by the seed.
• the method according to the invention can be used against any insect or soil parasites as long as it is sensitive to pyrethrum.
• any insect or soil parasites for example: wireworms, cutworms, cutworms, moths, scutigérelles, cranes, grapevines, flies such as seedling maggots and onion maggots, corn rootworm.
• the invention is directed to the control of wireworms.
• solid formulation applicators or powder applicators can be used.
• the solid formulation applicator can be used granule spreaders or small hand-held granule dispersing equipments such as push rotary spreaders for treating smaller areas.
• powder applicator is meant, for example, manual dusting devices or tractor dusting machines.
• an application with a diffuser will be carried out, the diffuser being able to be installed at the end of the output tubes of a microgranulator.
• the invention also relates to a diffuser, which can be adapted to the end of the microgranulator outlet tubes, particularly on disk drills, also on seed drills with the aid of an installation kit, characterized in that it comprises a hollow cylindrical or frustoconical body open at both ends, one of said ends serving to fix said diffuser to said outlet tubes of the microgranulator, and the other end being open on an inclined plane, of any shape, preferably of circular or oval shape, integral with said diffuser and having with said diffuser an angle of between 35 ° and 55 °, preferably between 40 ° and 50 °.
• said diffuser may further comprise a means of attachment to the output tube of the microgranulator.
• said fixing means may be a screw positioned perpendicularly to the central axis of the cylinder or truncated cone forming said diffuser and passing through the wall of said cylinder or truncated cone.
• a diffuser can allow precise positioning of granules, granules or microgranules of insecticide over the entire width of the furrow.
• the landfill uses of microgranules in the soil according to the invention may be carried out with this diffuser.
• the subject of the invention is also a method for treating crops at the time of sowing, characterized in that a composition comprising at least pyrethrum, with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin, is used in landfill soil. , in the form of granules or microgranules, preferably in the form of microgranules, preferably according to one of the uses according to the invention.
• the invention also relates to the use of a diffuser as described above for the burial of insecticide, preferably solid insecticide.
• insecticide preferably solid insecticide.
• FIG. 1 in which a diffuser according to the invention can be seen, comprising a cylindrical body (1) having an open end (2), and another end (3) open on an inclined plane (4) of oval shape positioned at 45 ° with respect to the sagittal plane of the cylindrical body.
• the face (6) of said inclined plane (4), oriented towards the end (3) of the diffuser, open on said inclined plane (4) may advantageously not be flat. It may include a ridge positioned along its longitudinal axis, said ridge thus defining for each of the surfaces on each of its sides a slight slope inclined outwardly of said inclined plane. This arrangement promotes the spreading of the composition according to the invention.
• the diffuser further includes a housing (5) for receiving a screw for attaching said diffuser to the end of the microgranulator outlet tubes.
• the subject of the invention is also a method for treating crops at the time of sowing, characterized in that a composition comprising at least pyrethrum, with the exception of tefluthrin and bifenthrin, preferably according to one of the uses described above.
• the objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of cypermethrin insecticide used as microgranules against wireworms.
• the trial was set up in LARREULE (64), a site characterized by a strong presence of wireworms (almost exclusive species Agriotes sordidus).
• Seeding was carried out on 10/01/07 at a conventional depth (3-4 cm). Targeted seeding density is 78000 plants / ha; the variety used is RIXXER ® The soil is loam-clay (type touyas) with a high level of organic matter (greater than 4%).
• the site is not irrigated.
• the meteorological conditions are particularly favorable for the surface activity of wireworms: temperatures are regularly above seasonal norms and regular, heavy rains during the first three months of the corn cycle promote the maintenance of moisture at the soil surface. Factors studied and modes of application
• cypermethrin was tested as microgranules at 12 kg PF / ha.
• Control E2 CURATER ® at 12 kg / ha (50 g active substance / kg) - in-row
• E4 Cypermethrin microgranules at 12 kg PF / ha (8g active substance / kg- (RDS) with diffuser.
• Conditions for setting up the test Seeding is carried out with a NODET drill with 3 rows spaced 0.80 m apart.
• the elementary parcel comprises 3 rows over 20 m.
• the experiment implements a block device with 4 repetitions.
• the distribution of parcels is done, within each block, randomly using the SILENA software.
• the central row of 20 m is the subject of observations.
• the weeding and fertilization of the plot are done by the farmer in his usual working conditions (pre-emergence weed control and nitrogen supply in localized inter-row at the 5-6 leaf stage).
• the plots are followed up to the 11-leaf stage, for observations on the vegetation at the beginning of the crop (rate of attack by the click beetles), and are followed at harvest ( plants with spike).
• This site is characterized by a strong presence of wireworms (species Agriotes sordidus almost exclusive).
• Seeding was carried out on 10/01/07 at a conventional depth (3-4 cm). The seeding density retained is 78000 vines / ha; the variety used is RIXXER ® . The soil is loam-clay (touyas type) with a high level of organic matter (greater than 4%).
• the plot is not irrigated.
• the meteorological conditions are particularly favorable for the surface activity of wireworms: temperatures are regularly above seasonal norms and regular, heavy rains during the first three months of the corn cycle promote the maintenance of moisture at the soil surface.
• Cypermethrin was tested as microgranules at 12 kg PF / ha compared to a microgranular carbamate reference (CURATER ® ), a microgranular pyrethroid reference (tefluthrin) (FORCE 1.5G ® ) and an untreated control. All these arrangements have been applied with a broadcaster (with the exception of
• T2 control CURATER ® reference at 12 kg / ha (50 g active substance / kg) in seeding control (RDS)
• T3 FORCE 1.5 G ® at 11.7 kg PF / ha ( 15g active substance / kg -RDS) with diffuser
• T4 Microgranulated Cypermethrin 12 kg PF / ha (8 g active substance / kg) (RDS) with diffuser
• Seeding is carried out with a NODET drill with 3 rows spaced 0.80 m apart.
• the elementary parcel includes 3 rows over 20m.
• the experiment uses a block device with 4 repetitions.
• the distribution of parcels is done, within each block, randomly using the SILENA software.
• the central row of 20 m is the subject of observations.
• the weeding and fertilization of the plot are done by the farmer in his usual working conditions (pre-emergence weed control and nitrogen supply in localized inter-row at the 5-6 leaf stage). After the trial is set up, the plots are followed up to the 11-leaf stage for observations on early crop vegetation and then at harvest.
• the schedule of interventions and observations is as follows:
• the level of attacks observed on the control (T1) is high (60.7% to 11 leaves).
• the carbofuran reference product (CURATER ® , T2) shows a medium level of protection (21% of attacked plants).
• the microgranule (T4) based on cypermethrin has an attack rate of 4.3%.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

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