EP2288891A1 - Verfahren und system zur bestimmung einer auf einen körper einwirkenden kraft - Google Patents
Verfahren und system zur bestimmung einer auf einen körper einwirkenden kraftInfo
- Publication number
- EP2288891A1 EP2288891A1 EP09779788A EP09779788A EP2288891A1 EP 2288891 A1 EP2288891 A1 EP 2288891A1 EP 09779788 A EP09779788 A EP 09779788A EP 09779788 A EP09779788 A EP 09779788A EP 2288891 A1 EP2288891 A1 EP 2288891A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- control volume
- closed control
- boundary surfaces
- boundary
- detected
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
- G01M9/065—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing dealing with flow
- G01M9/067—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing dealing with flow visualisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
- G01L5/171—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using fluid means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
- G01M9/065—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing dealing with flow
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/001—Full-field flow measurement, e.g. determining flow velocity and direction in a whole region at the same time, flow visualisation
Definitions
- these or scaled-to-scale three-dimensional models of the objects to be examined are placed in a wind tunnel or flow channel.
- models of aircraft or other vehicles are placed in a flow channel and exposed to the flow of a fluid, such as an airflow.
- a flow channel can also be used for the investigation of buildings.
- a three-dimensional model of a building for example a skyscraper or a bridge, is arranged in the wind tunnel and exposed to an air flow.
- the force measurement of the forces acting on the body takes place statically, for example by means of so-called wind tunnel scales.
- the force measurement is carried out directly by the wind tunnel scales, wherein mean values of the forces acting on the body are measured by the wind tunnel scale.
- These conventional systems for determining a body-applied force have several disadvantages.
- the wind tunnel balance only measures mean values of the force acting on the body and no time progression, ie only a static force measurement and no dynamic force measurement takes place.
- a conventional system for determining a force with a wind tunnel balance is unsuitable for some components of a body.
- a wind tunnel balance For force measurement of forces which act on a rotating body of an aircraft, for example on a propeller, a wind tunnel balance must be attached to the rotating structural component or the rotating component. This is possible only with considerable technical effort. In addition, the centrifugal forces occurring during rotation distort the measurement result.
- the invention provides a method for determining forces on a body comprising the steps of:
- Velocity fields In an embodiment of the method according to the invention, the velocity fields for the boundary surfaces of the control volume are optically detected.
- the optical detection of a velocity field offers the advantage that during the measurement, the flow acting on the body is not influenced by the measurement.
- control volume can be flexibly adapted in a simple manner to the spatial dimensions of the body to be examined.
- the body in the flow channel is exposed to a flow of a fluid containing scattering particles.
- a laser cut for detecting a particle distribution of the scattering particles at the respective boundary surface is detected by laser light for the boundary surfaces of the control volume.
- the laser light is generated by a pulsed laser.
- the particle distribution of the scattering particles is detected by means of at least two cameras.
- the particle distributions detected by the cameras are temporarily stored as images in a memory.
- the pressure distributions for the boundary surfaces of the Control volume detected by at least one pressure sensor which is freely movable in one or more of the boundary surfaces.
- a local particle offset vector is calculated by cross-correlation of the detected particle distributions.
- a velocity vector of the velocity field is calculated on the basis of the particle offset vectors.
- a force F or force distribution acting on the body is calculated as follows:
- V is a velocity vector
- S is a boundary surface of the control volume
- p is a detected pressure
- p is the density of the flow fluid.
- control volume is formed by a cube or cuboid with six boundary surfaces.
- the boundary surfaces of the control volume are mutually orthogonal. This has the advantage that the evaluation of the data recorded at the boundary surfaces can be done without the coordinates being converted.
- control volume is formed by a tetrahedron with four boundary surfaces.
- a tetrahedron as a control volume has the advantage that the number of boundary surfaces to be evaluated is minimal.
- the time profile of the force F (t) or the force distribution acting on the body is determined dynamically as a function of the instantaneous pressure distributions and speed fields.
- the invention further provides a system having the features specified in claim 16.
- the invention provides a system for determining at least one force acting on a body with:
- the first measuring device has at least one pressure sensor, which is movable in one or more boundary surfaces or boundary planes of the control volume.
- the second measuring device generates for each boundary surface of the control volume a laser cut for detecting a particle distribution of scattering particles in the boundary surface.
- the second measuring device has at least one pulsed laser and at least two cameras.
- the camera is a CCD camera or a CMOS camera.
- the body is a three-dimensional model whose body volume is smaller than the control volume.
- the invention further provides a computer program with program instructions for carrying out a method for determining at least one force acting on a body, which is mounted in a flow channel and is supplied with a fluid, the computer program comprising the following steps: Detecting a pressure distribution and a speed field of the boundary surface delimiting the control volume; and
- the invention also provides a data carrier for storing such a computer program.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a possible embodiment of a system according to the invention for determining a force acting on a body
- Fig. 2a, 2b are diagrams for explaining the inventive
- Fig. 3 is a simple flowchart for illustrating a possible imple mentation of the method according to the invention for determining a force acting on a body.
- a body 2 is located within a measuring system 1 according to the invention Control volume 3, which is provided in a flow or wind tunnel.
- the body 2 may be any body, in particular a three-dimensional model.
- the three-dimensional model models, for example, an aircraft or a component of an aircraft.
- the body 2 can also be other bodies to be examined, for example a motor vehicle or the model of a building to be examined.
- the body 2 to be examined is located in a control volume, ie the volume or the size of the body 2 is smaller than the control volume 3.
- the control volume 3 within the flow channel is a closed volume and has a plurality of boundary surfaces.
- the geometry of the control volume 3 can be selected as a function of the geometry of the body 2 to be examined.
- control volume 3 is formed by a cube or cuboid, the boundary surfaces of which are oriented orthogonally to each other.
- control volume 3 is formed by a tetrahedron with four boundary surfaces. The geometry and dimensions of the control volume 3 are flexibly adaptable to the shape and size of the body 2 to be examined.
- the body 2 to be examined located in the control volume 3 is exposed to the flow of any fluid 4 in the flow channel.
- the fluid 4 may be, for example, a gas or a liquid.
- the flow fluid 4 is formed by air.
- one or more blower generates an air flow which is directed to the body 2.
- scattering particles are added to the fluid 4 Light, especially laser light, reflect.
- the size or the diameter of the scattering particles can be changed.
- a laser 5 is provided for each boundary surface of the control volume 3, which generates a pulsed laser light with adjustable light intensity.
- a laser cut for detecting a particle distribution of the scattering particles in the respective boundary surface is detected in each case for each boundary surface of the control volume 3.
- the number of laser light sources or the laser 5 is less than the number of control surfaces 3 enclosing boundary surfaces.
- a laser cut is produced for each boundary surface by means of optical devices, for example by means of lenses and mirrors, the laser light being generated by a common laser 5.
- the time period or the frequency of the pulsed laser light is adjustable.
- the measuring system 1 also has at least two cameras 6A, 6B which optically detect the particle distribution of the scattering particles for each boundary surface.
- the cameras 6A, 6B may, for example, be CCD (charge coupled device) cameras or CMOS cameras.
- the particle distributions for the respective boundary surface of the control volume 3 detected by the cameras 6A, 6B can be temporarily stored as images in a memory 7 of a data processing device 8.
- the control of the laser 5 and the cameras 6A, 6B is performed by a synchronization controller or a synchronizer 9.
- the cameras ⁇ a, 6b becomes a local Offset of many scattering particles, which follow the flow of the fluid 4 slip-free, recorded by a boundary surface of the control volume in the flow is illuminated with two very short light pulses through the laser 5.
- the duration of the light pulses can range from a few nanoseconds to a few microseconds.
- the particle distributions detected by the cameras 6A, 6B are temporarily stored as images in the memory 7 and subsequently evaluated by a calculation unit 10. By cross-correlation of the detected particle distributions, a local particle offset vector is calculated by the calculation unit 10.
- velocity vectors V of a velocity field are calculated for each bounding surface enclosing the control volume 3.
- the calculation unit 10 receives data or measurement signals from a pressure sensor 11.
- the pressure sensor 11 is movable in one or more of the boundary surfaces of the control volume 3 and detects a pressure distribution in the respective boundary surfaces of the control volume 3
- the pressure sensor 11 is moved in a plane corresponding to the stored coordinates of the boundary surfaces of the control volume 3 by a driven motor.
- the pressure sensor 11 measures a static pressure distribution in the boundary surface in a predetermined grid of measuring points.
- the pressure sensor 11 forms a first measuring device for detecting a pressure distribution for each control surface 3 limiting boundary surface.
- the laser 5 and the associated cameras 6A, 6B form a second measuring device for detecting a velocity field for each boundary surface of the control volume 3.
- the second measuring device generates for each boundary surface of the control volume 3 a laser cut for detecting the particle distribution of scattering particles on the boundary surface.
- the resolution or the grid of the measuring points for determining the pressure distribution and the speed field is preferably adjustable.
- the calculation unit 10 calculates the force F acting on the body 2 dynamically as a function of the pressure distributions detected for the boundary surfaces of the control volume 3 and as a function of the velocity vectors V at the different boundary surfaces of the control volume 3.
- the calculation of a force F (t) acting on the body 2 is effected by means of the following equation:
- V is a velocity vector
- S is a boundary surface of the control volume 3
- p is a pressure detected at the boundary surface
- p is the density of the fluid flow 4.
- the calculation unit 10 can be formed for example by one or more microprocessors, which evaluate the data supplied by the measuring devices in real time and output the results via a user interface.
- FIG. 2a shows a simple example for explaining the method according to the invention for determining a force F acting on a body 2.
- the example shown in FIG. 2a is a rotating body 2, in particular a propeller.
- This propeller 2 is located in a cube which forms the control volume 3. at
- the body 2 can either be the body to be examined itself or a three-dimensional model of the body to be examined. In any case, the volume of the body 2 is smaller or smaller than the volume of the control volume 3.
- FIG. 2 b indicates the laser cuts produced for the control volume 3 by a laser 5.
- the propeller 2 located in the control volume 3 is driven, for example, by a motor and is impinged by air 4, to which scattering particles are added.
- the setting angle of the propeller blades or the rotational speed of the rotating propeller can be changed.
- the flow rate of the inflowing fluid 4 can be varied to examine the behavior of the body 2 for different wind speeds.
- FIG. 3 shows a simple flow chart of a possible embodiment of the method according to the invention for determining a force F acting on a body 2.
- the body 2 to be examined is first arranged in a predetermined control volume 3 of a flow channel.
- the pressure sensor 11 detects a pressure distribution p (x, y) for each boundary surface bounding the control volume 3.
- p a pressure distribution for each boundary surface bounding the control volume 3.
- Step S2 detected.
- the force acting on the body 2 is calculated by the calculation unit 10 as a function of the pressure distributions and speed vectors detected for the boundary surfaces of the control volume and output to a user via an interface.
- the size or the volume of the control volume 3 is adjustable in a possible execution form of the method according to the invention. The larger the control volume 3, the lower the contribution of the forces detected by the pressure sensor 11, so that rapidly changing unstable forces, such as, for example, turbulences, can be detected more easily.
- symmetries of the body 2 can also be taken into account in order to reduce the number of boundary surfaces of the control volume 3 to be evaluated or the amount of data to be evaluated. For example, in order to investigate the behavior of a single propeller, which is flowed symmetrically, only the data of the downstream side of the propeller arranged boundary surface and the data of a side surface. In addition, the data of the front of the propeller arranged boundary surface can be evaluated. Taking into account the symmetry, the extent of the data to be evaluated can thus be halved.
- the system 1 according to the invention makes it possible to examine the body 2 subjected to it with regard to its forces F (t) by indirect measurement at boundary surfaces of a control volume 3. Since the control volume 3 spans the body 2 at a certain distance and the measurement takes place indirectly, the forces acting on the body 2 are not influenced by the measurement itself, ie with the measuring system 1 according to the invention it is possible to measure the real distribution of forces on the body 2 accurately without adulteration. In addition, in the case of the invention In accordance with the measurement system 1, no sensors are attached to the body 2 itself, so that the technical outlay for obtaining measured data, in particular in the case of rapidly rotating bodies 2, in the measuring system 1 according to the invention is low. As a result of the measuring system 1 according to the invention, as shown in FIG.
- the measuring system 1 for example, it is possible not only to visualize the forces and torques acting on the body 2 to be examined, but also to visualize the influence of the flow thereon.
- the measurement system 1 according to the invention also makes it possible to investigate temporal changes in the forces and torque distributions, ie it is also possible to detect dynamic force changes F (t) or torque changes when parameters, such as the approach velocity, are changed.
- the inventive measuring system 1 is extremely flexible because the control volume 3 is virtual and the coordinates of its boundary surfaces can be easily adapted to the shape and size of the body 2 to be examined.
- further measurement parameters can be set, such.
- the frequency of the laser light and the resolution of the cameras 6A, 6B are adjustable.
- the density or type of fluid 4 is selectable.
- the measurement parameters allow the measurement to be optimally adapted to the body 2 to be examined and the selected analysis. Reference list
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
- Indicating Or Recording The Presence, Absence, Or Direction Of Movement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13217508P | 2008-06-16 | 2008-06-16 | |
| DE102008002448A DE102008002448A1 (de) | 2008-06-16 | 2008-06-16 | Verfahren und System zur Bestimmung einer auf einen Körper einwirkenden Kraft |
| PCT/EP2009/057442 WO2010003779A1 (de) | 2008-06-16 | 2009-06-16 | Verfahren und system zur bestimmung einer auf einen körper einwirkenden kraft |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2288891A1 true EP2288891A1 (de) | 2011-03-02 |
Family
ID=41334630
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09779788A Withdrawn EP2288891A1 (de) | 2008-06-16 | 2009-06-16 | Verfahren und system zur bestimmung einer auf einen körper einwirkenden kraft |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8977508B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2288891A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102066890B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008002448A1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2010149269A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010003779A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140303907A1 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-09 | Kevin M. Roughen | Systems and methods for dynamic force measurement |
| CN103308274A (zh) * | 2013-06-22 | 2013-09-18 | 中南大学 | 铁路货车篷布气动性能测试系统 |
| CN103969023B (zh) * | 2014-03-27 | 2016-12-07 | 东华大学 | 一种动边界的产生装置 |
| CN109238633B (zh) * | 2018-11-02 | 2020-06-09 | 北京航天益森风洞工程技术有限公司 | 一种流场显示装置 |
| CN115166296B (zh) * | 2022-06-28 | 2025-08-08 | 煤科通安(北京)智控科技有限公司 | 适用于多种通道全断面式扫描测风方法、系统及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19963393C1 (de) * | 1999-12-28 | 2001-07-26 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Analyse von Strömungen |
| CN1252451C (zh) * | 2002-06-05 | 2006-04-19 | 中国科学技术大学 | 基于激光片光成像的粒子场全场测量方法及其装置 |
| CN100529711C (zh) * | 2004-11-11 | 2009-08-19 | 西安交通大学 | 一种微尺度迷宫型单元流道水力性能测试方法 |
-
2008
- 2008-06-16 DE DE102008002448A patent/DE102008002448A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2009
- 2009-06-16 EP EP09779788A patent/EP2288891A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-06-16 RU RU2010149269/28A patent/RU2010149269A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-06-16 WO PCT/EP2009/057442 patent/WO2010003779A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-06-16 CN CN2009801226765A patent/CN102066890B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-12-10 US US12/965,325 patent/US8977508B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2010003779A1 * |
| VAN OUDHEUSDEN B W ET AL: "Non-intrusive load characterization of an airfoil using PIV", EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS ; EXPERIMENTAL METHODS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO FLUID FLOW, SPRINGER, BERLIN, DE, vol. 40, no. 6, 29 April 2006 (2006-04-29), pages 988 - 992, XP019424828, ISSN: 1432-1114, DOI: 10.1007/S00348-005-0093-6 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102008002448A1 (de) | 2009-12-24 |
| CN102066890A (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
| US20110172935A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
| US8977508B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
| RU2010149269A (ru) | 2012-07-27 |
| WO2010003779A4 (de) | 2010-03-11 |
| CN102066890B (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
| WO2010003779A1 (de) | 2010-01-14 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: ROOSENBOOM, ERIC WILHELMUS MARIA Inventor name: NEITZKE, KLAUS-PETER Inventor name: SCHROEDER, ANDREAS Inventor name: KUEHN, WINFRIED |
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Owner name: DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUER LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT E.V. Owner name: AIRBUS OPERATIONS GMBH |
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