EP2288633A1 - Procede de preparation multi-etapes d'un latex composite halogene porteur de groupes associatifs - Google Patents
Procede de preparation multi-etapes d'un latex composite halogene porteur de groupes associatifsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2288633A1 EP2288633A1 EP09769469A EP09769469A EP2288633A1 EP 2288633 A1 EP2288633 A1 EP 2288633A1 EP 09769469 A EP09769469 A EP 09769469A EP 09769469 A EP09769469 A EP 09769469A EP 2288633 A1 EP2288633 A1 EP 2288633A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- latex
- monomer
- associative
- vinyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F259/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of halogen containing monomers as defined in group C08F14/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F14/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F14/06—Vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/20—Aqueous medium with the aid of macromolecular dispersing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F259/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of halogen containing monomers as defined in group C08F14/00
- C08F259/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of halogen containing monomers as defined in group C08F14/00 on to polymers containing chlorine
- C08F259/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of halogen containing monomers as defined in group C08F14/00 on to polymers containing chlorine on to polymers of vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F259/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of halogen containing monomers as defined in group C08F14/00
- C08F259/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of halogen containing monomers as defined in group C08F14/00 on to polymers containing fluorine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/003—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing a composite latex containing both a halogenated vinyl polymer and an associative copolymer, preferably compatible therewith, said copolymer containing both units derived from a first acrylic monomer or vinylic material (A) and units derived from a second monomer (B) bearing at least one associative group.
- the two constituent polymers of the latex are prepared during two successive radical polymerization steps in dispersed medium, the second step being carried out in the presence of the product of the first step.
- the present invention also relates to a composite latex or a polymer suspension obtained according to this process, a polymeric composition prepared from such a latex or such a suspension and various uses thereof.
- the so-called supramolecular materials are materials consisting of compounds associated with each other by a plurality of non-covalent bonds, such as hydrogen, ionic bonds and / or hydrophobic interactions. It may be in particular polymers on which are grafted associative groups, likely to unite by cooperative hydrogen bonds.
- An advantage of these materials lies in the fact that these non-covalent bonds lead to reversible bonds, in particular under the influence of temperature or by the action of a selective solvent.
- the ease of use and / or the properties of the polymers, such as the mechanical, rheological, thermal, optical, chemical, physicochemical properties, can be improved by the presence of these associative groups.
- the latter in particular make it possible to confer on polymers of low mass, generally easy to prepare in a controlled manner, certain properties of high mass polymers without the disadvantages thereof such as a high viscosity in the molten state.
- WO 2006/016041 thus discloses polymers containing grafted associative groups which give them a higher elastic modulus and better resistance to solvents.
- US Pat. No. 2,980,652 discloses a product resulting from the reaction of a unit carrying imidazolidone associative groups on a copolymer resulting from the copolymerization of certain anhydride functional monomers, such as maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride. or citraconic anhydride, with at least one unsaturated ethylenic comonomer.
- This product is said to have good adhesion to metals, glass and plastics.
- Example 9 of this document discloses more particularly the product of the reaction of the 1-
- the Applicant has investigated the means for modifying halogenated vinyl polymers such as PVC to make them supramolecular materials and thus improve their properties.
- Various attempts have been made to graft imidazolidone associative groups on PVC by reacting the latter with 1- (2-aminoethyl) imidazolidin-2-one (UDETA).
- UDETA 1- (2-aminoethyl) imidazolidin-2-one
- PVC processing equipment such as calenders, extruders or presses.
- the polymer carrying associative groups makes it possible to considerably improve the properties of adhesion to metals and creep resistance of the halogenated vinyl polymer, such as PVC, and could possibly also provide it with interesting rheological, mechanical or thermal properties, in particular greater elongation at break, better thermal stability, higher softening temperature and better resistance to low shear rate melting.
- the two polymers In order for the modification of the properties of the halogenated polymer by incorporation of the associative group-bearing polymer to be effective, the two polymers must be intimately mixed with one another and are preferably at least partially compatible with each other.
- the present invention relates to an interesting way to obtain an intimate mixture of two polymers, one being a halogenated vinyl polymer and the other a polymer carrying associative groups. According to the present invention, these two polymers are closely associated with one another inside latex particles, thanks to the implementation of two successive stages of radical polymerization in dispersed medium.
- the method for obtaining the intimate mixture of two polymers of the present invention makes that the A condition of complete miscibility between the halogenated vinyl polymer and the associative group-bearing polymer, necessary for good mixing in the Applicants' prior art, becomes a preferred embodiment in the present invention.
- the subject of the present invention is a process for preparing a composite latex comprising
- the first polymer forming the latex obtained in step (a) is a halogenated vinyl polymer and the polymer formed in step (b) is then an associative copolymer, preferably compatible with the halogenated vinyl polymer, containing at least one motifs derived from a first acrylic or vinyl monomer (A) and units derived from a second monomer (B) carrying at least one associative group, ie the polymer formed in step (b) is a polymer halogenated vinyl and the first polymer forming the latex obtained in step (a) is then an associative copolymer, preferably compatible with the halogenated vinyl polymer, containing at the same time units derived from a first acrylic or vinyl monomer (A) and patterns from a second monomer (B) carrying at least one associative group.
- the present invention also relates to a polymer composite latex or a polymer suspension prepared according to such a method and a polymeric composition obtained from such a latex or such a suspension.
- the method of the present invention thus makes it possible to obtain a polymer composition in which two polymers are intimately associated with each other. It has the advantage of not requiring the dissolution of these polymers in an organic solvent, or mixing step and / or melt kneading polymers. Due to the fact that the second polymerization step is carried out in the presence of the latex obtained at the end of the first step of the process, the two polymers are associated with each other within the latex particles themselves and even when they are not compatible with each other.
- the suspension polymerization utilizes a monomer-soluble free-radical initiator (dispersed phase) and the size of the particles or polymer grains obtained is relatively large, generally greater than about 30 micrometers.
- the dispersion is generally stabilized by so-called protective colloids, dispersing agents or suspending agents (cellulose ethers, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, etc.). The separation of the particles from the aqueous phase is easily done by centrifugation or filtration.
- Emulsion polymerization uses free-radical initiators in water (continuous phase).
- the monomer droplets and the latex particles are stabilized by emulsifying agents, generally anionic or nonionic surfactants.
- the latex particles obtained are generally less than 1 micrometer in size. Because of this small size, these particles can not be separated from the aqueous phase by centrifugation or filtration.
- Microsuspension polymerization like suspension polymerization, uses monomer-soluble initiators (dispersed phase) but results in smaller particles, generally less than 2 microns but sometimes up to 20 microns, and can not be separated from the aqueous continuous phase by simple centrifugation or filtration.
- the mini-emulsion polymerization is similar to the microsuspension in that it is necessary to prepare in advance small monomer droplets where the polymerization takes place.
- the Primers are also generally soluble in the monomer phase, but may in some cases be soluble in the continuous phase, and the final average particle size is generally between 0.2 and 1 micron.
- the Applicant associates a first stage of radical polymerization in emulsion, in microsuspension or in mini-emulsion, that is to say a first stage which results in a latex with particles of small size, in a second step which is either a polymerization step also resulting in small particle sizes (emulsion / micro-suspension / mini-emulsion) or a suspension polymerization step resulting in larger particle sizes.
- the final latex is typically composed of particles having an average size, measured by diffraction and scattering laser particle size distribution.
- the particles of the final latex typically have a mean size of between 30 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m.
- the vinyl polymer is radically polymerized during the first or second process step from the appropriate monomers or comonomer mixtures.
- halogenated vinyl polymers are chlorinated homopolymers or copolymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
- polyvinylidene chloride copolymers of vinyl chloride and at least one comonomer chosen from acrylonitrile, ethylene, propylene and vinyl acetate, and
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- copolymers of vinylidene fluoride with a halogenated comonomer chosen preferably from
- Hexafluoropropylene HFP
- chlorotrifluoroethylene CFE
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- VF3 trifluoroethylene
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- VF3 trifluoroethylene
- copolymers of ethylene with fluoroethylene / propylene FEP
- fluoroethylene / propylene FEP
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene
- PFMVE perfluoromethylvinylether
- CFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene fluoride are particularly preferred because of their many interesting industrial applications.
- the proportion of vinyl chloride units is greater than 25% and advantageously not more than 99% of the total weight of the copolymer.
- the halogenated vinyl polymer described above is associated, in the present invention, with a second polymer intended to improve the properties of the polymeric compositions obtained, in particular the mechanical properties.
- the Applicant has found that the modification of the properties of the halogenated vinyl polymer by the presence of the associative copolymer was particularly effective and durable when the two polymers were at least partially compatible with each other.
- the polymers are partially compatible when two or three glass transition temperatures can be detected, at least one of which is different from the Tg of the halogenated vinyl polymer and the Tg of the associative copolymer.
- Methods for measuring the Tg of polymers and polymer blends are known to those skilled in the art and include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), volumetry or dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- DMA dynamic mechanical analysis
- the compatibility of the associative copolymer with the halogenated vinyl polymer is in principle provided by the comonomers (A) which are preferably chosen from those whose corresponding homopolymers are compatible with the halogenated vinyl polymer.
- Non-exclusive examples of acrylic or vinyl monomers (A) include styrene and its derivatives, in particular styrene-4-sulphonate, acrylic acid, alkyl acrylates and hydroxyalkyl acrylates, sodium, potassium or ammonium, methacrylic acid, alkyl and hydroxyalkyl methacrylates, sodium, potassium or ammonium methacrylate, (methoxy) polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, itaconic acid, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride and acrylonitrile. Of these, methyl methacrylate, (meth) acrylate,
- the monomer (A) is copolymerized with at least one second monomer (monomer (B)) bearing at least one associative group.
- association groups means organic groups capable of associating with each other by multiple hydrogen bonds, advantageously by 2 to 6 hydrogen bonds.
- These are preferably groups comprising a nitrogenous heterocycle, preferably diazotized, with 5 or 6 members.
- associative groups examples include the imidazolidinyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, bis-ureyl and ureido-pyrimidyl groups, the imidazolidinyl groups being preferred.
- Examples of monomers (B) allowing the introduction of imidazolidinyl groups include ethylimidazolidone methacrylate and ethylimidazolidone methacrylamide.
- the units derived from the monomer (A) preferably represent from 20% to 99% by weight of the associative copolymer, in particular from 50% to 98% of the associative copolymer.
- both the halogenated vinyl polymer and the associative copolymer may contain a small fraction of units derived from a comonomer comprising at least two non-conjugated double bonds, radically polymerizable.
- the copolymerization of such comonomers leads in a known manner to crosslinked polymers.
- divinyl acid diesters polycarboxylic such as divinyl adipate, diallyl esters of polycarboxylic acids such as diallyl phthalate and diallyl fumarate
- divinyl ethers of polyols such as ethylene glycol divinyl ether
- divinyl aromatic compounds such as divinylbenzene
- di- or triacrylates of monocarboxylic acids containing ethylenic unsaturation such as allyl methacrylate, triallyl cyanurates
- polyol di- or triacrylates such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, propylene glycol dimethacrylate, diacrylate diethylene glycol (DEGDA), diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA), glycerol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA), and polyol tetraacrylates such as pentaeryth
- This crosslinking comonomer is preferably used in a proportion of 0.1 to 1% by weight.
- the four types of radical polymerization in a dispersed medium used in the present invention are known and described in general and specialized works, as, for example, in Chapter 7 of the book “Synthetic Latexes: Elaboration, Properties, Applications”, coordinated by C. Pichot and JC Daniel (TEC & DOC Editions of Lavoisier, France, 2006).
- the emulsion polymerization uses water-soluble radical polymerization initiators.
- Different radical generation mechanisms can be implemented such as, for example, thermal decomposition, oxidation-reduction reactions, decomposition caused by electromagnetic radiation and, in particular, radiation in the ultraviolet.
- Non-exclusive examples of water-soluble initiators include hydroperoxides such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide, water-soluble azo compounds such as 2,2'-Azobis- (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, and organic or inorganic salts of 4,4'-azobis (4-cyano valeric acid), inorganic oxidants such as sodium, potassium or ammonium persulfates, hydrogen peroxide, perchlorates, percarbonates and ferric salts. These oxidants may be used alone or in combination with inorganic or organic reducers such as sodium or potassium bisulfite or metabisulfite, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), sodium or potassium hypophosphites.
- hydroperoxides such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide
- water-soluble azo compounds such as 2,2'-Azobis- (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride
- organic or inorganic reducing agents can also be used alone, that is to say in the absence of inorganic oxidants.
- the initiators soluble in the aqueous phase are used in a proportion of 0.01 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the monomers.
- alkyl mercaptans such as methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, n-propyl mercaptan, isopropyl mercaptan, n-butyl mercaptan, tert-butyl mercaptan and cyclohexyl mercaptan.
- the chain transfer agents are generally used in proportions of between 0.01 and 10%, and preferably between 0.5 and 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the monomers.
- additives such as antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), biocides and / or activators of polymerization initiators.
- BHT butylated hydroxytoluene
- additives are generally used in proportions of between 0.01% and 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the monomers.
- surfactants that can be used as emulsifying and / or stabilizing agents, there may be mentioned, for example, the following three families:
- surfactant molecules of natural or synthetic origin having a dispersing and stabilizing effect by electrostatic repulsion and comprising positively or negatively charged amphiphilic molecules, or forming zwitterions
- sodium or potassium alkyl sulphates or sulphonates in particular sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium or potassium alkyl aryl sulphates or sulphonates, in particular sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate potassium
- sodium or ammonium salts of fatty acids in particular sodium stearate, alkylated diphenyl oxides and disulfonated, in particular surfactants
- (R) commercial Dowfax products, such as Dowfax 2Al, suifosuccinates and, in particular, commercial surfactants from the Aerosol ® range such as Aerosol ® MA 80 which is sodium dihexyl suifosuccinate or Aerosol ® OT-75 which is sodium di-octyl sulfosuccinate, phosphoric esters, fatty amines, polyamines and their salts, quaternary ammonium salts, such as alkyl trimethyl chlorides or ammonium bromides, betaines as well as N- alkyl betaines or sulfobetaines, imidazolines carboxylates, as well as the ethoxylated derivatives of all these compounds; 2) surfactant molecules having a dispersing and stabilizing effect by steric repulsion, uncharged or nonionic, among which may be mentioned, by way of non-exclusive examples: ethoxylated alkyl phenols, ethoxylated fatty acids,
- Pluronic ® esters of fatty acids, alkyl polyglycosides
- amphiphilic or hydrophilic polymeric molecules which may or may not be charged, among which may be mentioned, by way of non-exclusive examples: polymers of natural or synthetic origin that are soluble in water, such as polymers and copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and their salts, polymers and copolymers of acrylamide and its derivatives, polymers based on vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate, hydroxyethylcellulose and hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinylcaprolactam and poly (vinylpyrrolidone).
- polymers of natural or synthetic origin that are soluble in water such as polymers and copolymers of (meth) acrylic acid and their salts, polymers and copolymers of acrylamide and its derivatives, polymers based on vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate, hydroxyethylcellulose and hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose, polyvinylcaprolactam and poly (vinylpyrrolidone).
- surfactants are generally present in a proportion of 0.1 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the monomers. It is also possible to carry out the emulsion polymerization in the absence of surfactants or stabilizing or dispersing agents. In this case, the solids content of the latex obtained (determined by evaporation of the volatile compounds and, in particular, water) must however be less than 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the latex resulting from the polymerization. emulsion.
- the emulsion polymerization of the associative copolymer can be carried out at atmospheric pressure or under pressure and at polymerization temperatures of between 5 ° C. and 180 ° C.
- the copolymer is obtained at atmospheric pressure and at polymerization temperatures included. between 50 and 95 ° C.
- the emulsion or suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride or of its copolymers is carried out under pressure, typically between 5 and 15 bars, and at temperatures generally between 40 and 80 ° C.
- the aqueous microsuspension polymerization may advantageously be carried out in the presence of one or more preformed latex populations, optionally containing polymerization initiators. This is called “seeded" microsuspension polymerization.
- Patent applications FR 2 309 569 and FR 2 752 844 describe methods for polymerizing polyvinyl chloride in microsuspension inoculated with polyvinyl chloride latices.
- the latexes obtained contain at least two populations of particles that vary by the average particle diameter.
- Suspension radical polymerization is also a known technique for a long time.
- a latex prepared beforehand by emulsion polymerization said latex is pre-coagulated by addition of a precipitation agent of the emulsifying agent present in the latex ( see US 4,981,907 and US 5,185,406).
- a protective colloid such as, for example, a polyvinyl acetate of which at least 50% of the acetate functions have been hydrolysed.
- radical initiators soluble in the monomer or comonomers to be polymerized are diacyl peroxides, peroxycarbonates, dialkyl peroxides and peresters, such as those listed above.
- halogenated vinyl polymer content of the latex and the polymeric composition of the present invention is preferably from 50 to 99% by weight, particularly preferably from 60 to 95% by weight.
- the subject of the present invention is also a polymeric composition obtained from the composite latex or polymer suspension of the present invention.
- This polymeric composition can be obtained by means of different separation and latex treatment techniques which make it possible to at least partially remove the aqueous phase.
- Spray drying involves injecting the latex, generally via a spray nozzle, into a stream of hot air. More specifically, the mixture is atomized using a conventional atomizer known to those skilled in the art, such as a MINOR PRODUCTION ® device from the company NIRO.
- the air inlet temperature is preferably between 300 and 120 ° C. and the flow rate of latex is chosen so that the exit temperatures of the air and of the atomized product are between 100 ° C. and 50 ° C. 0 C.
- the coagulation of the composite latexes obtained at the end of a second emulsion, microsuspension or mini-emulsion polymerization stage is generally carried out by mixing the latex with adequate stirring with a divalent or trivalent metal salt coagulation agent.
- a divalent or trivalent metal salt coagulation agent such as chlorides, sulphates, nitrates or acetates of calcium, aluminum, iron, magnesium, strontium, barium, tin or zinc.
- Other types of coagulation agents may be used, such as monovalent salts such as sodium sulphate, ammonium carbonate, organic compounds of methylisobutylcarbinol type (described for example in patent application GB659722) or phthalate phthalate.
- dioctyl described for example in the patent application JP7268021
- cationic or anionic polymers described for example in the patent application FR 2373564.
- the suspensions obtained by a second suspension polymerization stage contain sufficiently large particles or polymer grains and do not require an atomization or coagulation step. They can be dewatered, filtered and / or dried directly according to the different technologies described in the prior art (see for example "Encyclopedia of PVC", second edition, volume 1, publication director Leonard I. Nass and Charles A. Heiberger Marcel Dekker, Inc.).
- the amount of coagulation agent used is usually between 100 and 50,000 ppm and preferably between 500 and 6000 ppm, based on the amount of polymer or polymer.
- a coagulation additive such as a modified polyamine, may be added to facilitate filtration and to increase the solids level in the coagulated product after filtration.
- the pH of the medium can be adjusted to a value of between 2 and 7 by introducing a dilute acid, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, to obtain a coagulate in the form of friable agglomerates, which are easier to filter.
- a dilute acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid
- the coagulation of the latices may also be obtained by addition, under appropriate agitation, of a strong mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, with or without the addition of a coagulation agent as described above. quantities of acid being fixed so as to obtain a pH close to 1.
- a strong mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid
- coagulation techniques may be used. These involve either a heating of the latex under strong stirring via steam injection, with or without the addition of coagulation agent, as described in patent application DE954920, that is to say specific stirring at very high mechanical shear, such as turbine coagulators requiring or not the use of a coagulation agent (as described in patent application JP4106106), ie a freezing of the latex in thin layer according to a continuous process, as described in the patent application FR2531716).
- this mixture When this mixture has been obtained by spray drying, it is generally a powder consisting of particles having a mean diameter of between 10 and 150 ⁇ m. When it has been obtained by coagulation and then drying, it is generally a powder consisting of particles having a mean diameter of between 10 and 300 ⁇ m.
- the particle size measurements of the powder are made by diffraction and diffusion using, for example, a MASTERSIZER 2000 ® apparatus from the company MALVERN or using a laser detection sedimentometer (BI-DCP apparatus from Brookhaven).
- composition according to the invention may further contain various additives including one or more plasticizers.
- polymeric plasticizers such as polyphthalates and polyadipates
- monomeric plasticizers such as azelates, trimellitates (TOTM, TEHTM), sebacates (DIOS, DINS, DIDS), adipates (DOA, DEHA, DINA, DIPA), phthalates (DOP, DEHP, DIDP, DINP), citrates, benzoates, tallates, glutarates, fumarates, maleates, oleates, palmitates, acetates such as acetylated monoglycerides; and their mixtures.
- polymeric plasticizers such as polyphthalates and polyadipates
- monomeric plasticizers such as azelates, trimellitates (TOTM, TEHTM), sebacates (DIOS, DINS, DIDS), adipates (DOA, DEHA, DINA, DIPA), phthalates (DOP, DEHP, DIDP, DINP), citrates, benzoates, tallates, glutarates, fuma
- Phthalates such as dioctyl phthalate, dialkyl adipates such as di-tridecyl adipate (DTDA), di-acetylated monoglycerides such as glycerol monolaurate di-acetate and sodium sebacates.
- dialkyl such as diisodecyl sebacate (DIDS) are preferred for use in the present invention.
- the amount of plasticizer may for example be from 60 to 100% by weight, based on the weight of the halogenated vinyl polymer.
- composition according to the invention may furthermore contain:
- stearic acid and its esters such as stearic acid and its esters (the Loxiol G12 ® Cognis), wax esters (the Loxiol G70 S ® Cognis), polyethylene waxes, paraffin wax or acrylic lubricants (including Plastistrength ® , in particular LlOOO, from ARKEMA),
- inorganic or organic pigments such as carbon black or titanium dioxide, thermal and / or UV stabilizers, such as stearates of tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, barium or sodium , including the Thermolite ARKEMA,
- epoxidized natural oils especially soybean oils such as epoxidized Ecepox ® PB3 from Arkema,
- antioxidants for example phenolic, sulfuric or phosphitic,
- fillers or reinforcements in particular cellulosic fillers, talc, calcium carbonate, mica or wollastonite, glass or metal oxides or hydrates,
- - anti-shock agents such as copolymers of MBS, which Clearstrength ® C303H from Arkema, and acrylic modifiers of core-shell type such as Durastrength ® from Arkema, blowing agents such as azodicarbonamides, azobisobutyronitrile, diethyl azobisisobutyrate,
- flameproofing agents including antimony trioxide, zinc borate and brominated or chlorinated phosphate esters,
- additives may for example represent from 0.1 to 50% of the total weight of the composition.
- the polymer latex, the polymer suspension and the composition according to the invention can be used for the manufacture of materials that are either rigid or plasticized. To do this, they can be implemented by any means, including calendering, extrusion, extrusion blow molding, injection molding, rotational molding, thermoforming, etc.
- coatings in particular floor and wall coverings, furniture, mesh parts or parts of the passenger compartment of motor vehicles (such as skins for dashboards, steering wheels and skirts). doors); clothing ; joints, particularly in the building or automobile industry; self-adhesive film, food, agricultural, stationery; sheets and roof plates, as well as cladding boards; profiles, including shower and window; shutters, doors, skirting boards, angles; cables; and devices for transporting or storing fluids, in particular tubes, ducts, pumps, valves or fittings; electrical boxes; garden hoses; bottles and flasks, foil, especially for packaging; stretch films; of blood or solute bags; transfusion tubes; microgroove records; of toys ; panels; helmets; shoes ; draperies, curtains or tablecloths; buoys; gloves; blinds; fiber; glues and adhesives; of membranes.
- the invention therefore also relates to the aforementioned uses.
- an aqueous solution of potassium persulfate at 2 g / liter is injected at a flow rate of 200 ml / hour for 1 hour and then at 150 ml / hour for 3 hours.
- a solution of sodium lauryl sulphate at 100 g / liter is injected at a flow rate of 250 ml / hour for 3.5 hours.
- the reaction is completed by treatment for one hour at 80 ° C. with stirring, the autoclave is then cooled to 20 ° C. by injection of water at room temperature.
- the total reaction time since the end of heating ramp until the end of treatment at 80 0 C is about 5 hours. 18.7 kg of 38.4% latex of dry extract are thus recovered.
- the diameter of the elementary particles, measured with the Brookhaven granulometer, is 132 nm.
- the temperature of the reaction medium is then increased to 66 ° C. by heating the autoclave via its double jacket at a rate of 2 ° C./minute.
- an aqueous solution of potassium persulfate (2 g / liter) is injected at a rate of 270 ml / hour for 1 hour and then at a rate of 180 ml / hour for 4 hours.
- the reaction is continued for a further 30 minutes at 66 ° C., and then an aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulphate (80 g / liter) is injected at a rate of 250 ml / hour for 4 hours.
- the reaction is continued until the pressure has decreased by 1 bar relative to the initial pressure.
- the reaction medium is then cooled to a temperature of 50 ° C. by circulating water at 18 ° C. in the jacket.
- the total duration of the reaction since the end of the rise in temperature until a pressure drop of 1 bar is about 5 hours.
- the reaction mixture is then degassed by suction of vinyl chloride under reduced pressure and the autoclave is then placed under dynamic vacuum for 4 hours in order to remove the residual vinyl chloride.
- the average diameter of particles, measured by the Brookhaven granulometer, is 168 nm.
- the temperature is increased at a rate of 2 ° C./minute to a value of 55 ° C.
- a solution of ammonium persulfate in water (4 g / liter) is injected a flow rate of 200 ml / hour for 5 hours.
- the reaction is continued for a further 30 minutes at a temperature of 55 ° C., and then a solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (88 g / liter) is injected at a rate of 250 ml / hour for 4 hours.
- the reaction is continued until a pressure drop of 1 bar has been reached relative to the initial pressure.
- the autoclave is then cooled to 40 ° C. by circulating water at 18 ° C.
- Emulsion polymerization of an associative copolymer in the presence of the latex prepared in the first step In a 30-liter autoclave equipped with an anchor-type stirring device, a reflux condensing system and nozzles for the introduction of the reagents, 4.6 kg of the PVC latex (content 39.3% by weight) obtained in the manner described above and 11.5 liters of deionized water. 2.2 g of sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, 2.2 g of disodium salt of ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid and 0.24 g of iron sulfate are added. The autoclave is closed, the stirring is started at 80 revolutions / minute and the medium is purged by bubbling nitrogen for 30 minutes.
- an aqueous solution of potassium persulfate at 2 g / liter is injected at a flow rate of 200 ml / hour for 1 hour and then at 150 ml / hour for 3 hours.
- a solution of sodium lauryl sulphate at 100 g / liter is injected at a flow rate of 250 ml / hour for 3.5 hours.
- the reaction is completed by treatment for one hour at 80 ° C. with stirring, the autoclave is then cooled to 20 ° C. by injection of water at room temperature.
- the total reaction time since the end of the heating phase until the end of the treatment at 80 ° C. is approximately 5 hours. 25.4 kg of latex is thus recovered at 34.3% solids.
- the diameter of the elementary particles, measured with the Brookhaven granulometer, is 155 nm.
- Example 3 Process for the Preparation of a Composite Latex Comprising a First Stage of Radical Emulsion Polymerization and a Second Stage of Radical Suspension Polymerization
- An associative copolymer latex having a solids content of 38.4% and a mean particle diameter of 132 nm was prepared as described in the first step of Example 1.
- Second step Preparation of a composite latex by polymerization of vinyl chloride in suspension in the presence of an associative copolymer latex
- the reaction is then continued at this temperature until a pressure drop of 1 bar is obtained relative to the initial pressure.
- the autoclave is cooled to a temperature of 30 ° C. by circulating in the jacket of the autoclave water at 18 ° C.
- the total reaction time, from the end of the rise in temperature to the pressure drop of 1 bar, is about 4 hours.
- the vinyl chloride is removed under reduced pressure and the autoclave is then placed under dynamic vacuum for 4 hours to remove the residual vinyl chloride.
- the average particle diameter, measured using a MALVERN granulometer, is 160 micrometers.
- a polyvinylchloride latex is prepared as described in the first step of Example 2, having a solids content of 39.3% and a mean particle diameter, measured with a Brookhaven particle size analyzer, of 115. nm.
- the medium is then purged by bubbling nitrogen for 30 minutes, and then 6.3 kg of methyl methacrylate, 0.54 kg of ethyl acrylate and 2.16 kg of Norsocryl N102 from Arkema ( mixture of 25% by weight of ethylimidazolidone methacrylate (MEIO), and 75% by weight of methyl methacrylate) and 36.5 g of n-dodecylmercaptan from Arkema.
- Stirring is maintained at ambient temperature for 60 minutes, and then the reaction mixture is heated to a temperature of 60 ° C. at a rate of 2 ° C./minute. The reaction is then continued at this temperature for 4 hours with an additional step of 30 minutes at 70 ° C.
- the autoclave is then cooled to a temperature of 20 ° C. by circulating in the double jacket of the autoclave.
- the water at 18 ° C. is thus obtained 30.7 kg of a suspension containing 9.95 kg of polymer (dry extract).
- the average particle diameter, measured using a MALVERN granulometer, is 172 micrometers.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0853666A FR2931826B1 (fr) | 2008-06-03 | 2008-06-03 | Procede de preparation multi-etapes d'un latex composite halogene porteur de groupes associatifs |
PCT/FR2009/050855 WO2009156628A1 (fr) | 2008-06-03 | 2009-05-11 | Procede de preparation multi-etapes d'un latex composite halogene porteur de groupes associatifs |
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EP2288633A1 true EP2288633A1 (fr) | 2011-03-02 |
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EP09769469A Withdrawn EP2288633A1 (fr) | 2008-06-03 | 2009-05-11 | Procede de preparation multi-etapes d'un latex composite halogene porteur de groupes associatifs |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20110077342A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2288633A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2931826B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009156628A1 (fr) |
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FR2986532B1 (fr) | 2012-02-07 | 2015-03-13 | Polymerexpert Sa | Compositions polymeres metastables pour dispositifs d'injection d'implants ophtalmiques |
CN103319797A (zh) * | 2013-06-09 | 2013-09-25 | 吴江市董鑫塑料包装厂 | 一种绝缘pvc塑料的制备方法 |
KR102282279B1 (ko) | 2018-11-02 | 2021-07-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 염화비닐계 중합체 제조용 조성물 및 이를 이용한 염화비닐계 중합체의 제조방법 |
CN110317380B (zh) * | 2019-07-26 | 2022-03-15 | 蓝帆医疗股份有限公司 | 一种丁腈手套及其制备方法 |
CN110372893B (zh) * | 2019-07-26 | 2022-03-15 | 蓝帆医疗股份有限公司 | 一种丁腈手套及其制备方法 |
US11453781B2 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2022-09-27 | Tcl China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. | Nano dye molecule, color filter, and display panel |
CN115537041B (zh) * | 2022-10-31 | 2024-01-26 | 广西平果市润丰钙新材料科技有限公司 | 一种pla透明降解母粒专用纳米碳酸钙材料及改性方法 |
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US2980652A (en) * | 1958-09-19 | 1961-04-18 | Rohm & Haas | Unsaturated derivatives of n-(omega-aminoalkyl)-1, 3-cyclodiazolidin-2-ones and copolymers thereof |
US6420479B1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-16 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Star polymer colloidal stabilizers |
EP1778741B1 (fr) * | 2004-07-08 | 2010-01-13 | Arkema France | Materiau polymere contenant des chaines portant des fonctions imidazolidone |
EP1926760A2 (fr) * | 2005-09-08 | 2008-06-04 | Cytec Surface Specialties, S.A. | Polymere et composition |
-
2008
- 2008-06-03 FR FR0853666A patent/FR2931826B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-05-11 WO PCT/FR2009/050855 patent/WO2009156628A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2009-05-11 EP EP09769469A patent/EP2288633A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-05-11 US US12/995,768 patent/US20110077342A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
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US20110077342A1 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
FR2931826A1 (fr) | 2009-12-04 |
WO2009156628A1 (fr) | 2009-12-30 |
FR2931826B1 (fr) | 2010-06-11 |
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