EP2285476A2 - Rotor/stator system for producing dispersions - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to create a rotor/stator system in a simple design manner, with which stable dispersions can be produced in one passage and which can be adapted to changing requirements in regard to the composition of the dispersion, the invention provides a stator (1) for a rotor/stator system (6) having a dispersion region (17), which together with a rotor (4) corresponding to the stator (1) defines a dispersion chamber (7) of the rotor/stator system (6), and further having an inlet (15) for feeding a first component of a dispersion into the dispersion region (17), wherein at least one pre-mixing chamber (2) is arranged inside the stator and outside the dispersion region (17), said chamber opening into the dispersion region (17). The stator (1) comprises at least one inlet (25) for feeding a further component of the dispersion from outside the stator (1) into the pre-mixing chamber (2). The stator (1) is configured such that, during operation of the stator, components of the dispersion enter from the dispersion region (17) and from the inlet (25) into the pre-mixing chamber (2), are mixed with each other and exit from the pre-mixing chamber (2) into the dispersion region (17).

Description

 Rotor-stator system for producing dispersions

The invention relates to a stator and a rotor for a rotor-stator system and to a method for producing and / or treating dispersions. The invention relates to the preparation and / or treatment of dispersions in general and of emulsions in particular.

The term "dispersion" is understood to mean a multiphase system which comprises at least components which are substantially insoluble in one another. In particular, dispersions comprise emulsions in which a liquid in the form of drops is distributed in another liquid. The phase which forms the drops is called a disperse phase or inner phase. The phase in which the drops are distributed is referred to as continuous phase or outer phase.

Dispersions further include suspensions in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid continuous phase. In addition, fabric systems which have both solid and liquid phases in dispersed form also belong to dispersions. For example, a solid in a first

Liquid distributed, this suspension forms the disperse phase of an emulsion. Also in the continuous phase of emulsions, solids can be distributed. One speaks in this connection of suspoemulsions.

BESTATIGUNGSKOPIE If two liquids which are essentially insoluble in one another are mixed with one another so that each of the two phases is accessible, the corresponding substance system is referred to as a mixture. A mixture can be diluted by adding both one and the other phase. In contrast, in an emulsion, the disperse phase is not accessible from the outside; An emulsion can only be diluted by adding the continuous phase. In the preparation of an emulsion, a mixture may occur as an intermediate.

In the following, the term "component" refers in particular to a phase of a dispersion. But a component can also be part of a phase. For example, a phase can be formed from a plurality of, in particular, soluble components.

When preparing dispersions, in particular when preparing emulsions, it is important for obtaining an end product with the desired properties in terms of the size distribution of the disperse phase, the flow behavior and the stability of the product against thermal and mechanical stress as well as temporal changes that the necessary steps of the Introducing the inner phase into the outer

Phase for preparing a pre-mix, the fine dispersion and the stabilization of the resulting product process-defined and performed reliably. From the kitchen one knows the appropriate process by the production of a Mayonnaise. The oil phase is slowly stirred into the water phase. The result is first a coarse emulsion with low viscosity as a pre-mix. By further rapid stirring, the emulsion becomes finer and the viscosity increases. Industrially dispersions in particular emulsions by various Processes made. Which process is selected depends on the nature of the dispersion and on the fineness of the disperse phase with which a stable dispersion over the required period of time can be obtained. A stable dispersion is understood as meaning a substance system whose article size distribution of the disperse phase and / or its flow behavior, in particular its viscosity, does not substantially change over a given period of time.

For the industrial production of dispersions, containers with an agitator, for example a doctor blade stirrer or a stirrer turbine, are frequently used for relatively coarse dispersions. For finer dispersions, two-stage processes are used in which a pre-mix is first prepared in a stirred vessel and then passed through a rotor-stator dispersing machine. This can be for example a Koloidmühle. Particularly fine dispersions can be achieved by the additional process step

Dispersing is used in a high-pressure homogenizer.

To prepare a fine dispersion with a rotor-stator system from a pre-mix, which was prepared in a container with agitator, it is generally assumed that a dispersion with a very broad particle size distribution. As an example, consider an emulsion having a droplet size distribution between 30 and 500 microns. With a conventional rotor-stator system (see Figure 11, see description below) are the drops of the pre-mix, which in the case of an emulsion is also referred to as crude emulsion crushed until an average droplet size is reached, the specific energy input of the rotor-stator system (Energy density) corresponds. In order to achieve a relatively narrow droplet size distribution with droplet diameters between 5 and 10 microns and below, several passes through the rotor-stator system are usually required. Often 5 to 10 runs are needed. This means on the one hand a high stress of the product and on the other hand a high heat input and thus an inefficient utilization of the energy used.

To speed up the process described above, some dispersing machine manufacturers have begun to deliver the inner phase via feeds such as pipes or bores directly in front of the rotor teeth or on the rotor teeth of a rotor-stator system. Such rotor-stator systems are described in WO 00/01474 and US 5,590,961. The inner phase comes locally very limited and thus in a relatively massive beam in the rotor-stator system and its dispersion. This results in the first pass through the rotor-stator system a

Emulsion, which has a broad droplet size distribution, since the inner phase can not be sufficiently finely incorporated into the outer phase, since it lacks in exchange in the locally very limited area of the contact. In addition, the emulsion is highly exposed to coalescence, since small volumes of small droplets are formed on a narrow volume, but they can not be removed and stabilized quickly enough to coalesce again. Even a related streaking can be observed. The coalescence and streaking increase as the addition volume of the inner phase increases. In this way, small amounts of the inner phase can be introduced into the outer phase. Significant problems, however, exist when larger amounts of internal phase have to be introduced. The difficulties are mainly due to the fact that it is not possible to produce a homogeneous crude emulsion or a homogeneous pre-mix with a definable particle size distribution of the outer and inner phase before the phases reach the zones of high shear forces of the rotor-stator system.

WO 01/56687 (PCT / EP00 / 117700) describes a rotor-stator system whose rotor has a premixing chamber. The premix chamber opens into several small chambers located on the rotor circumference. All chambers act together as a premixing chamber in the rotor, which is located in the dispersion chamber and rotates during operation of the rotor-stator system. However, due to the geometry of the rotor and resulting volume available as premixing chamber, the amount of internal phase which can be introduced into the external phase is very limited. By positioning the premixing chamber in the rotor and thus in the moving part of the rotor-stator system, it is extremely complicated, if not impossible, to prepare dispersions having complex compositions and different components which are to be partially incorporated into an existing template at the same time.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a structurally simple way to be able to produce stable dispersions in a rotor-stator system even with a single pass. It is a further object of the invention to provide a way to react flexibly to changing requirements with regard to the composition of the dispersion to be produced with a rotor-stator system. In addition, it is an object of the invention to provide a rotor-stator system, which a variety possible generate energetic vortex in turbulent flow, to crush particles of the disperse phase of a dispersion efficiently.

These objects are achieved in a surprisingly simple manner, with a stator for a rotor-stator system according to claim 1.

The invention provides a stator for a rotor-stator system for producing and / or treating dispersions having a dispersing region which, with a rotor corresponding to the stator, defines a dispersing space of the rotor-stator system and having an inlet for feeding a first component a dispersion in the dispersion region, wherein inside the stator at least one premixing chamber is arranged outside the dispersing region which opens into the dispersing region, the stator having at least one inlet for feeding a further component of the dispersion from outside the stator into the premixing chamber and wherein the stator is formed such that, during operation of the stator, components of the dispersion enter the premixing chamber from the dispersing region and from the inlet, where they are mixed with one another and from the premixing chamber into the premixing chamber

Emerge dispersion area.

In one development of the invention, the stator has at least two premixing chambers which each have an inlet for feeding a component of the dispersion from outside the stator into the relevant premixing chamber. Thus, either another component can be supplied via each premixing chamber. Or a large amount of a component may be supplied in divided form over several premix chambers. In any case, the Increased efficiency of the mixing process compared to a supply of the components directly into the dispersion.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the premixing chamber bulges into the stator from the transition to the dispersion region. The domed shape allows easy and reliable cleaning of the premixing chamber. In addition, the formation of dead spaces is avoided, which can have a negative effect on the mixing effect in the premixing chamber.

The invention also provides that the premixing chamber at the transition to the dispersing region may have the form of a strip-shaped section of a circle segment, wherein the section has, in particular, a circumferentially continuous curve. Also by this design corners are avoided, which accommodates, among other things, the easy cleanability.

The invention also offers the advantage of having the location of

Premixing the flow control of the dispersion in the dispersion can be adapted to the respective process requirements. In a further development of the invention it is provided that the transition of the premixing chamber to the dispersing at a radial distance from the longitudinal axis of the stator, which corresponds to the axis of rotation of the rotor corresponding to the stator is mounted, that the premixing above a dispersing tool, in particular a ring gear of the Rotor is positioned when the stator is combined with the corresponding rotor to the rotor-stator system. The Vormischkammern can thus be mounted over the sprocket of a rotor with a sprocket. A premixing chamber may be mounted over the inner sprocket, over the outer sprocket, or over multiple sprockets, in a multi-sprocket rotor. Accordingly, the transition of the premixing chamber to the dispersing area is positioned at a radial distance from the longitudinal axis of the stator corresponding to the axis of rotation of the rotor corresponding to the stator, such that the premixing chamber is at least above the internal dispersing tool, in particular the internal gear of a multi-rotor

Dispersing tools is positioned when the stator is combined with the corresponding rotor to the rotor-stator system.

In an advantageous development, the invention further provides a stator which has premixing chambers which are positioned at different radial distances from the longitudinal axis of the stator. In this way, for example, a stator is provided for use with a rotor having at least one inner and one outer ring gear, wherein at least one premixing chamber is positioned over the inner ring gear of the rotor and at least one further premixing chamber is positioned over the outer ring gear of the rotor, when the stator is used together with the rotor.

If premixing chambers are provided both above the inner and outer sprockets of the rotor, in a single pass through the rotor-stator system mediums of relatively high viscosity can be added internally and media of relatively low viscosity externally. This offers advantages, for example, when dispersing low-viscosity media such as perfume or preservatives on the one hand and during dispersion of higher viscosity fluids and / or larger resulting drop sizes, on the other hand.

The fluids added via the premixing chambers closer to the center axis are generally dispersed to smaller droplets with the same parameters, in particular with the same flow behavior of the fluids, than the fluids added via further premixing chambers, since the path through the dispersing chamber is for them continues. As a result, the internally introduced fluids are exposed longer to the dispersing effect of the rotor-stator system.

In order to be able to exert further influence on the flow at the transition between the premixing chamber and the dispersing chamber, according to an advantageous development of the invention a transition piece is arranged between the premixing chamber and the dispersing region. During operation of the rotor-stator system, fluid is injected from the premixing chamber into the dispersing chamber and ejected from the dispersing chamber into the premixing chamber. In the following, the transition piece is also referred to as an injector or ejector. Depending on the application, the transition piece may partially or completely fill the transition between the premixing chamber and the dispersing region.

In accordance with the advantageous geometry of the premixing chamber, the transition piece in one embodiment of the invention has the form of a strip-shaped section of a circular segment.

The transition piece can then have a curved peripheral line so that it is exactly adapted to the shape of the premixing chamber at its transition to the dispersion chamber. For a particularly good mixing of the liquid at the transition between the premixing chamber and the dispersion chamber is further provided that the transition piece is designed in the manner of a perforated plate and having one or more circular and / or polygonal openings and / or a slot or a plurality of slots as holes, wherein preferably a plurality of slots each extend substantially transversely to the main extension direction of the transition piece.

The flow conditions in the vicinity of the transition piece can also be influenced by the direction of orientation of the holes in the transition piece. The invention provides in a further embodiment that the holes each extend through the transition piece along a hole axis which forms an angle with the perpendicular to the transition piece, in particular an angle in the range between about 10 ° and about 80 °, preferably in the range between about 30 ° and about 60 ° and most preferably an angle of about 45 °.

In addition, the holes through the transition piece may have a tapered shape from one to the other side of the transition piece to enhance the injector effect. In particular, the invention provides that the holes are delimited by a lateral surface with a first partial region and at least one further partial region, wherein at least one partial region extends along a sectional surface which is aligned with the vertical on the transition piece

Includes angle, in particular an angle in the range between about 10 ° and about 80 °, preferably in the range between about 30 ° and about 60 ° and particularly preferably an angle of about 45 °. In order to design the stator according to the invention so that it enables a flexible adaptation of the rotor-stator system to different dispersing tasks in a simple manner, it is further provided to form the stator in two parts. The stator then comprises a stator head and a stator body, wherein the at least one premixing chamber is arranged in the stator head and the stator body comprises a dispersing tool of the stator, in particular at least one ring gear.

In this way, for example, a stator for retrofitting existing rotor-stator systems can be created. Such a stator comprises a plurality of stator heads, which differ in number and / or geometry of the premixing chambers and can be mounted on a stator fuselage to form a stator with exchangeable stator head.

A particularly simple design is realized by the premixing chamber is formed as a cavity in the stator head such that a transition piece can be mounted as a conclusion of the cavity on the stator head.

The invention thus also relates to a stator head for a stator described above, which is suitable for retrofitting conventional stators. Furthermore, the invention relates to a transition piece described above.

The invention further relates to the use of a stator or stator head as described above

Housing component of a pump, in particular a single- or multi-stage centrifugal pump, or an agitator, in particular operated with a propeller stirrer or a Scheibenrrührer, or a dispersing device. The apparatus component which contains the premixing chamber includes is in the assembled state an integral part of the housing.

The invention also provides a rotor, in particular for use in combination with one described above

Stator, for a rotor-stator system for producing and / or treating dispersions available with respect to the center axis of the rotor rotationally symmetrical carrier disk, from which at least one rotor tooth springs, wherein the rotor tooth facing the center axis an inner side, the outer edge the carrier disk facing the outside, seen in the operating state of the rotor in the direction of rotation front lying front, seen in the operating state of the rotor in the direction of rotation behind lying

Rear side, and a the rotor tooth on the side facing away from the carrier disc has the upper side, wherein the front side comprises at least one of the support plate facing lower portion which relative to the perpendicular to the support plate by an angle α _4th

(alpha-4) is inclined to the rear with respect to the direction of rotation of the rotor in the operating state. The angle Ot ₄ is according to the invention in the range between 0 ° and about 45 °, preferably between about 15 ° and about 45 °.

By the inclination by the angle α ₄ arises during operation of the rotor-stator system, a flow of the fluid in the vicinity of the rotor tooth, which is directed in the direction of the stator. The medium to be dispersed is conveyed in the dispersion space against the stator. As a result, forces are formed, which contribute, for example, in the production of emulsions for crushing the droplets of the disperse phase. If a stator with premixing chamber described above is used, this strengthens towards the stator directed flow the injection of the fluid from the dispersion in the premixing chamber and thus leads to a very good mixing of the components of the dispersion and optionally a crushing of droplets of disperse phase.

In an advantageous embodiment of the rotor according to the invention it is provided that the front comprises at least one region which relative to a radially from the center axis outwardly extending reference line by the angle α ₆ (alpha-6) to the rear relative to the direction of rotation of the rotor Operating state is inclined. Thus, during operation of the rotor, the radial acceleration of the fluid away from the axis of rotation can be enhanced, which leads to an improvement in the mixing and, if appropriate, in the

Crushing effect of the rotor-stator system contributes. The angle α ₆ is according to the invention in the range between 0 ° and about 60 °, preferably between about 10 ° and about 60 °.

Furthermore, the invention offers the possibility that the

Front side facing away at least one of the carrier disc upper portion), which is inclined relative to the parallels to the main expansion surface of the support disk by an angle α ₅ (alpha-5) to the support disk. The angle α ₅ is according to the invention in the range between about 5 ° and about 45 °.

The parallel to the carrier disc corresponds to the perpendicular to the center axis, which coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotor. The inclination about the angle α ₅ enhances the effect of the inclination by the angle Ct ₄ . In particular, can be generated or amplified by the inclination to the angle α _{5 called} a "jet stream" flow component. To this Flow component will be discussed in more detail below with reference to the embodiments.

When using the rotor-stator system for emulsification, the efficiency of the droplet break-up depends on several factors, including the kinetic energy introduced into the fluid in the dispersion chamber, the turbulence generated, and the density of the turbulence. The turbulence vortices are generated within the scope of the invention by a rotor-stator system. Here, the edge length of the rotor and / or stator teeth, which generate the vortex plays a significant role. The longer the effective edge length of a tooth, the more effective the system.

It is provided by the invention, a novel form of the teeth that produce turbulence vortex with very high kinetic energy and fluid additionally vortex in three dimensions. As a result, a rotor-stator system is provided, which can generate a large number of energy-rich eddies in turbulent flow in order to comminute particles of the disperse phase of a dispersion efficiently. Turbulence is understood to mean a flow form which acts "chaotically" and is transient in time as well as spatially. Turbulence is characterized by statistical fluctuations in the flow velocity and direction of the fluid and can be described by Kolmogorov's theory.

Each individual rotor tooth is designed such that both a high radial component of the flow is formed by the angle α6, that is to say through the dispersion space in the direction of the outlet channel, and also upwards directed vertical component (see Figures 18 and 12 by the shaping with the angles α4 and α5).

The radial component depends on the angle of rotation α6 of the rotor teeth and the peripheral speed, the higher they are, the greater the flow rate for the same stator geometry. Due to the falling tooth geometry (α4) of the rotor and the vertical teeth of the stator, the strong microturbulence vortices occur at the dispersing edges (Figure 18, turbulence I), this at outer diameters of the rotor in the range from 50 to about 300 mm, especially at circumferential speeds higher than 22 m / s (Reynolds number Re at least 10,000).

Since the oblique rotor teeth close to the straight stator teeth, there is a three-dimensional turbulence of the fluid in the dispersion chamber. The turbulence vortices become more energy-rich in the dispersion space from the inside to the outside, and as a result the droplets can be further reduced in size as emulsion flows through the dispersion space substantially from the inside to the outside.

An increase in pressure from inside to outside also leads to more energetic turbulence towards the outer edge of the

Dispersing room. This pressure build-up is achieved by the passage area for the fluid on the inner ring gear of the stator is greater than on the outer ring gear of the stator (see Figure 9 above).

The vertical component of the rotor creates a pressure towards the stator top housing. Due to the vertical component, the liquid is forced through between the stator top housing and the rotor tooth, This results in the jet stream (Figure 18), which increases in energy the higher the peripheral velocity or Reynolds number. For example, as can be seen in Figure 12, the front portion of the rotor teeth is clocked at the angle α4. This angle, which may be preferably between about 15 ° and about 45 °, produces the vertical component as well as the microturbulences with the stator teeth.

The upper portion of the teeth is formed so that between the teeth with the angle α5 and the Statorobergehäuse the liquid is accelerated and then comes suddenly into a negative pressure range that creates a high-energy turbulence, here called jet stream (see the related Figure 12 described cutout, see also Figure 18). The angle α5 may be preferably between about 5 ° and about 45 °. The mode of action of the tooth geometry according to the invention corresponds to a model conception thus an injector or a nozzle.

As a result of this novel construction of the invention, the dispersing edge length is increased by up to 35% compared to conventional rotor-stator systems (see FIG. 11), in that the tooth width is used to form at least one additional, defined dispersing edge. In contrast to known dispersing machines (see FIG. 11), in which the rotor and stator teeth are straight, the invention makes use of the potential of micro-turbulence for droplet break-up.

Corresponding effects are also achieved by keeping the rotor teeth straight and making the stator teeth oblique at an angle. The invention thus relates generally a rotor-stator system in which between the dispersing edges of a rotor tooth and a stator tooth corresponding to the rotor tooth, an angle, preferably in the range between about 10 ° and about 45 °, is formed when the rotor and the stator are engaged and the rotor and stator teeth are positioned adjacent each other. The invention therefore also relates to a stator for a rotor-stator system, whose teeth are formed in the manner described above using the example of the rotor teeth.

The majority of known rotors have a rotor that is almost completely toothed. However, it has been found that this is not necessary for the advantageous effects of the invention. A good dispersing effect with respect to the mixing of the components and the disintegration of the disperse phase is already achieved when the rotor has a first sprocket which comprises at least two, preferably four, rotor teeth having a first radial distance di from the center axis of the

Have rotor and are preferably evenly spaced from each other.

According to the invention, the rotor can be further formed so that it has a second sprocket to the

The second ring gear has at least two, preferably four, more preferably eight, rotor teeth, which have a second radial distance d ₂ from the center axis of the rotor and are preferably evenly spaced from each other, wherein d _{2 is} greater than di.

The invention further relates to a process for preparing and / or treating dispersions under Use of a rotor-stator system with a stator described above, comprising the following steps: a) providing a first phase of the dispersion in a first feed tank, which communicates with the dispersion space, and

Providing at least a second phase of the dispersion in at least one second receiver vessel associated with a premixing chamber, b) feeding the first phase of the dispersion into the dispersion space, c) feeding the second phase of the dispersion into the premixing chamber, d) driving the rotor so that during operation of the rotor-stator system, the first phase passes through the dispersing space and optionally through the transition piece in the premixing chamber and thereby comes into contact with the second phase, wherein a mixture and / or a dispersion of first and second phase formed and the second phase and / or the first and second phase mixture and / or the first and second phase dispersion formed in the premixing chamber are conveyed through the premixing chamber and optionally through the transition piece into the dispersing space.

With the method according to the invention, it becomes possible to add at least one phase or one component of a dispersion in the small volume of a premixing chamber in relation to the dispersion space. Thus, a pre-mix of the components is fed to the dispersion, wherein already the components of the pre-mix are homogeneously distributed.

According to the invention, advantageously, the throughput of the components and the rotational speed of the rotor can be adjusted and / or regulated and / or controlled, that the Residence time in a premixing chamber is in the range between about 0.005 seconds and about 0.02 seconds. The formation of the pre-mix within this short period of time and its further transport into the dispersion space counteract the coalescence of the disperse phase fluid elements formed in the premixing chamber.

According to an advantageous development of the method, a stator is used with at least one further premixing chamber and in step a) at least one further phase of the dispersion is provided in at least one further feed tank, which communicates with the further premixing chamber. In step c), the further phase of the dispersion is fed into the further premixing chamber of the rotor-stator system, so that during operation of the rotor-stator system, the first phase passes through the dispersion and optionally through the transition piece in the premixing chambers and in contacting the respective premixing chamber with the second or further phase, wherein a mixture and / or a dispersion of the phases is formed, and wherein the second or at least one further phase and / or the mixture and / or the dispersion formed in a premixing chamber from at least two phases is conveyed through the respective premixing chamber and optionally through the respective transition piece in the dispersion.

By metering in via a plurality of spatially separate premix chambers, parallel operation of the premix chambers becomes possible. In addition, the individual can

Components are each subjected separately to a premix before they are fed to the dispersion. The equalization of the mixing process of all components of the dispersion by dividing the admixing of the Components via premix chambers improve the mixing process according to the invention over known processes.

In one embodiment of the method, steps b), c) and d) are carried out simultaneously. So the process can be operated continuously.

In order to introduce the larger amount of disperse phase into the smaller amount of continuous phase, in particular for the production of dispersions with a high disperse phase fraction of more than 50% by volume, the process according to the invention offers the advantage of supplying the disperse phase as first in step b) Phase and feeding the continuous phase or a

Component of the continuous phase of the dispersion as fed in step c) second phase and undergoing a phase inversion in the preparation of the dispersion by the dispersion on the one hand due to the mixing action and the crushing effect of the rotor-stator system and on the other hand additionally by the rearrangement of the fluid elements in the Inversion of the phases can produce particularly homogeneous dispersions, even if the disperse phase fraction is high.

Compared to dispersions prepared without phase inversion, these dispersions have a narrower particle size distribution. These advantages are particularly valuable in the preparation of dispersions with a high disperse phase content, since there due to the high density of particles, especially drops (in emulsions) of the disperse phase, the risk of coalescence is large. Coalescence destroys the mixture or comminution of the disperse phase. The advantages However, the phase inversion can also be used in dispersions with a lower disperse phase fraction.

In order to utilize the advantages of the flow guidance in the dispersion chamber to the premixing chamber, in a further development of the method, a rotor described above is used as the rotor of the rotor-stator system.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings with reference to embodiments. The same components are provided with the same reference numerals in all drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1, the rotor-stator system according to a first

2 shows a section of a photograph of a stator head according to the invention, the section showing a premixing chamber, FIG.

Figure 3 is a photograph of a transition piece according to a first embodiment of the invention, with the transition piece resting on a base illustrating the geometry of a rotor tooth. Figure 4 is a photograph of a transition piece according to a second embodiment of the invention with the transition piece resting on a base , which illustrates the geometry of a rotor tooth,

Fig. 5 is a photograph of a stator head according to the invention with a premixing chamber at the

Transition to the dispersion area in the completely assembled state of the stator head, a transition piece is welded,

Fig. 6 shows various designs of transition pieces according to the invention, namely in Fig. 6a is a plan view of a transition piece with schematically indicated geometries for the arrangement of slots BIO) and AlO), in Fig. 6b sections of cross sections through

Transition pieces according to further embodiments of the invention, to which each an outbreak from a rotor tooth is shown as an aid to understanding, with different configurations of the holes in the transition piece All, BIl, CIl, Al2 and B12, and in

6c is a plan view of the transition between Vormischkammern according to different embodiments of the invention and the

Dispersion space of the rotor-stator system, for which above schematically teeth of the inner rotor rim are indicated. Illustrated are geometries A15, B15, C15 and D15 for size of the premix chamber and design of transition pieces (A15, B15) as they may be combined together or alternatively employed. For orientation, a schematic is shown in Fig. 6c bottom right

Section drawn through a premixing chamber.

7 shows a schematic representation of the passage of fluid to be treated in the preparation of dispersions with premixing chamber and dispersion chamber in cross section,

Fig. 8 is a photograph of the side view of a stator, Fig. 9 sprockets for a stator according to a

Embodiment in cross-section and supervision, 10 is a photograph of a stator with two premix chambers and two sprockets and a rotor with an inner and an outer sprocket, wherein the rotor and the stator form a rotor-stator system according to an embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 11 is a photograph of a stator with two sprockets (right) and a rotor with a plurality of obliquely arranged teeth (left) of a conventional rotor-stator system, Fig. 12 shows a rotor according to an embodiment of the invention (see Fig. 10 below) in Cross-section and top view (left side in FIG. 12) with an enlarged detail of a rotor tooth in cross section (top right in FIG. 12),

13 shows a rotor according to a further embodiment of the invention (see FIG. 10 below) in cross section and top view (left side in FIG. 13) with an enlarged detail of a rotor tooth in cross section (top right in FIG

Fig. 13),

14 shows a rotor according to a further embodiment of the invention (see FIG. 10 below) in cross-section and top view (left-hand side in FIG. 14) with an enlarged detail of FIG

Rotor tooth in cross section (top right in Fig. 14),

15 shows a rotor according to an embodiment of the invention (see FIG. 10 below) in cross-section and top view (left side in FIG. 15) with an enlarged detailed representation of a rotor tooth in cross section (upper right in FIG. 15), FIG Rotor according to another embodiment of the invention (see Fig. 10 below) in Cross-section and top view (left side in FIG. 16) with an enlarged detailed representation of a rotor tooth in cross section (top right in FIG. 16), FIG. 17 Sectional views of further embodiments for rotor teeth according to the invention, FIG. 18 a schematic representation to illustrate a model concept the passage of an emulsion through the dispersion space of a rotor-stator system according to the invention,

Fig. 19 is a schematic representation of a

Model for preparing an emulsion during the passage through a rotor-stator system according to the invention, Fig. 20 is a schematic representation of a

Model concept for Baker transformation, Fig. 21 is a schematic representation of a

Model conception of droplet breakup under the so-called Bäker transformation during a single pass through an inventive

Rotor-stator system,

22 shows a schematic representation of a premixing chamber according to a further embodiment of the invention, which can be welded into a pump housing,

Fig. 23 is a schematic representation of a front view of a pump with pump housing in which a premixing chamber is arranged (see Fig. 22).

FIG. 1 shows an overall view of a dispersing machine with a rotor-stator system according to the invention. In a first storage tank 101, a first phase of a dispersion to be prepared can be submitted. Through the inlet 8, this phase can get into the dispersion of the rotor-stator system, which of the rotor 4 and the stator 1 is formed. Through feeds 25, a further phase of the dispersion in premixing caramers 2, which are located in the head 11 of the stator can be supplied. FIG. 1 shows a rotor-stator system with two premix chambers. Through the inlets 25 can either in each of the two

Premixing chambers 2 half of the total to be supplied second phase are introduced, or it can be introduced simultaneously into the dispersion to be prepared via a respective inlet 25 and a premixing chamber 2, but separately.

The rotor 4 can be driven by a motor 116 via the drive shaft 115. The teeth of the rotor 4 then rotate adjacent to the teeth of the stator and under the transition between the premixing chambers 2 and the dispersing space of the rotor-stator system. During operation of the rotor-stator system, the dispersion is exposed to shear stresses in the dispersing chamber as well as in the premixing chambers and at the transition between the premixing chambers and the dispersing chamber. Furthermore, at least partially turbulent flow conditions are generated. During the passage of the premixing chamber, the transition between the premixing chamber and the dispersion chamber and the dispersion chamber itself, the disperse phase of the dispersion is comminuted.

The dispersing space is surrounded on the outside by an annular channel 112, which is delimited by the housing 113 of the dispersing machine. From the annular channel 112, the dispersion can be withdrawn through an outlet 9 from the dispersion.

Gaskets 117 and 118 designed as a mechanical seal, that is as a rotating mechanical seal, or as a static seal, that is, for example, as an O-ring can separate the dispersion from the other driven or moving components of the dispersing machine.

FIG. 2 shows a view from below of the dispersing chamber into a premixing chamber 2. The premixing chamber 2 is formed as a cavity in the interior of the stator head 11. The premixing chamber 2 has a curved circumferential line 28. The premixing chamber 2 is formed curved into the interior of the stator head 11. That is, the shape of the premixing chamber 2 is designed such that substantially no corners and edges are present. This allows a particularly simple and reliable cleaning of the premixing chamber.

In addition, FIG. 2 shows the inlet 25 through which a second phase can be fed into the premixing chamber. The first phase may enter through the premixing chamber through the transition of the premixing chamber to the dispersing space (not shown) delimited by the circumferential line 28. At the transition between the premixing chamber 2 and the dispersion space of the rotor-stator system, no transition piece is mounted in the illustration shown in FIG.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show embodiments of transition pieces which can be installed between the premixing chamber and the dispersion space. In the simplest case, such transition pieces are welded as a closure of the premixing chamber towards the dispersion in the stator head. Depending on the dispersing task, the geometry of such transition pieces can be specifically selected in terms of width, shape and position relative to the rotor teeth in order to enable an optimum dispersion process. FIG. 3 shows a transition piece with slot-shaped holes. α ₆ is the angle by which the front surface of a rotor tooth lying in the direction of rotation is inclined backwards relative to the radial (see FIG. 12). An arrangement of the slots, as shown in FIG. 3, substantially parallel to the front side of a rotor tooth ensures a good penetration depth of the fluid injected through the transition piece into the premixing chamber from the dispersion space. Compared to other arrangements (see FIG. 4), flow conditions with relatively little turbulence are achieved in the premixing chamber.

The transition piece shown in Figure 4 has slot-shaped openings 31, which are opposite to the main extension direction 32 of the transition piece 3 compared with the embodiment in Figure 3 inclined in the other direction. As a result, the slots 31 also extend inclined to the front side 53 of the rotor tooth 5, which is inclined by the angle α6 relative to the radial. This arrangement brings a good penetration depth of the dispersion chamber from the mixing chamber 3 into the premixing chamber 2 and from the premixing chamber into the dispersing chamber ejected fluid.

At the same time compared to the

Flow conditions, which are achieved with a transition piece such as that shown in Figure 3, generates flow conditions with relatively high turbulence, since at the passage of the leading edge of the rotor tooth fluid in at least two injector slots 31 is conveyed simultaneously. As a result, different opening cross sections of the slots 31 per unit time happens, resulting in a pulsating flow in the transition piece 3 adjacent areas.

The number, dimensions and shape of the openings 31 can be selected flexibly, depending on the dispersing task. With differently shaped transition pieces then a stator head according to the invention can be easily adapted to different dispersing tasks. For example, the width of the lands 39 between the slots 31 in the similar range as the width of the slots 31 measured in

Main extension direction 32 of the transition piece 3 can be selected.

FIG. 5 shows a stator head 11, viewed from the side of the dispersion space of the rotor-stator system. In the illustrated embodiment, the stator head 11 has a premixing chamber 2. The premixing chamber 2 is bounded by a transition piece 3 at its transition to the dispersion space. The transition piece completely fills the opening of the premixing chamber 2 towards the dispersion space. The outer contour of the transition piece 3 substantially coincides with the curved peripheral line 28 of the transition of the premixing chamber 2 to the dispersion chamber. The embodiment shown in Figure 5 is not identical to the variant of the invention shown in Figure 1, because there is shown an embodiment with two Vormischkammern.

The premix chambers can be defined in number, geometry of the injectors / ejectors, their size and their location according to the process requirements. For example, for a dispersing machine having a nominal power of 30 kW, four premix chambers may be placed above the inner rotor rim at a volume for a premixing chamber of about 24 cm ³ . The invention thus makes it possible to make an adaptation according to the particular dispersing applied to the product by the outside of the dispersing space and without moving parts, that is, static acting premixing chambers. In particular, several components can be processed simultaneously but spatially separated. For example, depending on the recipe, several premix chambers can be installed above each rotor ring via a replaceable stator head. Thus, in particular for the continuous dispersion of various raw materials, the extent of the shearing and / or stretching forces which are to act on the respective raw material can be varied. If very large quantities of raw materials are to be introduced, the same raw material can be added in smaller single-volume streams via several premixing chambers.

The raw materials or components of the dispersion are introduced through the premixing chambers via pumps. At the inlet 25 corresponding lines are created. By means of these lines, the components of the dispersion can be introduced into the premixing chambers from corresponding feed containers 102 (cf. FIG. 1), for example via metering pumps, gear pumps or similar conveying devices.

The proportion of the phase or phases which are fed to the dispersion chamber via the premixing chambers, depends on the setting of the pumps used and can usually be preselected via a frequency converter, for example in combination with a flow meter.

Also, the size of the premixing chambers themselves and thus the contact volume between the phases, which in the Premixing can be brought into contact with each other, can be varied to adapt the geometry of the stator head to different dispersing tasks. By changing the stator head containing the premixing chambers, the number, location and size of the premixing chambers and the injectors / ejectors and their arrangement can be adapted quickly to the respective process requirements.

The number of premixing chambers is chosen depending on the number of raw materials or components which are to be introduced simultaneously or with a time offset. The size of the premixing chambers and / or the geometry of the holes in the transition piece can be chosen in accordance with the particle size distribution, which by the treatment in the premixing chamber and the

Passage through the transition piece is to be achieved.

The tuning of these parameters to the particular dispersing task is important for the preparation of stable dispersions. By this vote, for example, can be prevented in the production of emulsions that high concentrations of freshly formed droplets of disperse phase occur in those areas in which the flow conditions do not remove the drops sufficiently quickly from each other, so that the drops coalesce after their formation again.

The domed design of the premixing chamber (see FIG. 2) makes it possible, on the one hand, to mix the phases very well and, on the other hand, to facilitate easy cleaning

Premix. This is achieved by dispensing with sharp corners and edges to which product could adhere or which could lead to the formation of dead spaces. As a result, the substantially complete drainage of the rinse water is facilitated. In addition to the possibilities of variation offered by the premixing chambers themselves, the design of the transition pieces can additionally influence the flow conditions which occur during operation of the rotor-stator system. In Figure 6 different embodiments are shown for the transition pieces.

FIG. 6 a shows a plan view of a transition piece, in which, for example, two different ones are shown

Geometries for the formation of the inlet / outlet ports 31 is shown. The geometry AlO corresponds to the embodiment of the transition piece shown in FIG. The geometry BIO corresponds to the geometry of the transition piece shown in FIG.

In addition to the alignment of the holes or slots 31 in relation to the main extension direction 32 of the transition piece 3, the design of the holes in their passage through the thickness of the transition piece plays a role perpendicular to the plane of the transition piece shown in Figure 6a. For the influence on the flow conditions in the vicinity of the transition piece.

In Figure 6b different channel shapes for the holes in transition pieces are shown. All is showing through holes right now. This shape is realized in the transition pieces shown in Figures 3 and 4. The penetration depth (penetration depth) of fluid from the dispersion chamber into the premixing chamber is relatively large with this geometry.

The holes 31 in the transition piece 3 are bounded by a lateral surface 35. According to the embodiments BIl and CIl, the holes are oblique through the transition piece drilled. The hole axis 33 is inclined relative to the perpendicular to the transition piece. The inclination is in the range up to about 45 °. According to embodiments A12 and B12, the lateral surface of the holes has different regions 36, 37. A first subregion of the lateral surface 36 extends inclined relative to the perpendicular to the transition piece 3. A second region 37 of the lateral surface extends parallel to the perpendicular to the transition piece 3.

Because of the perpendicular to the

Transition piece inclined hole axis have the geometries BIl and CIl a lower penetration depth. However, this ensures an increased turbulence of the fluid in the vicinity of the transition piece.

With geometry A12, a large volume of fluid can be pumped into the premixing chamber. Due to the narrowing of the holes in the direction of the premixing chamber, an injector effect is simultaneously achieved, which leads to high turbulences in the premixing chamber. The geometry B12, however, leads to a lower penetration depth. In general, when the inflow through the inlet 25 into the premixing chambers 2 is large, a large penetration depth into the premixing chamber should be achieved with the liquid supplied via the inlet 8 into the dispersing chamber and from there into the premixing chamber 2.

FIG. 7 shows a section through a transition piece in a schematic representation of the fluid movement during operation of the rotor-stator system. It can be seen the webs 39 of the transition piece, which is arranged at the transition between the premixing chamber 2 and the dispersing chamber, which consists between the stator 1 and the rotor 4. The rotor 4 carries rotor teeth 5. Rotate the Rotozähne 5 under the transition piece 3 away, arise areas with an overpressure in front of the rotor tooth, so that liquid is conveyed from the dispersing through the channels 31 in the premixing chamber 2. While the liquid is conveyed along the rotor tooth in the direction of the transition piece or the premixing chamber, the passage of the rotor tooth, the geometry of which is described in more detail below, can lead to the formation of jet streams and negative pressures. "Jet stream" refers to the meteorological term "jet-oriented flow" in which the flow velocity is significantly higher than in the vicinity of the jet stream.

The schematic representation shown in FIG. 7 illustrates a simplified model conception which does not claim to completely reproduce the actual prevailing flow conditions.

FIG. 8 shows a stator according to the invention in an external view. The stator head 11 has an inlet bore 25, which allows the inlet to a premixing chamber 2 inside the stator. The stator head 11 is provided with a ring gear 123. Of the

Stator has a quick release 109, with which it can be mounted on the container 101 (see Figure 1). To the bore 25, an inlet pipe with valve, as shown in Figure 1, are mounted. The stator has stator teeth, which run parallel to its longitudinal axis (vertical in the picture).

FIG. 9 shows a stator body 12 of a stator with two sprockets. Parallel to the longitudinal axis 14 of the stator fuselage run an inner ring gear 124 and outer sprocket 123. The teeth of the inner sprocket are about half as long as the teeth of the outer sprocket. The Statorrumpf has through holes through which it can be fixed by means of screws on the stator head.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the rotor status system according to the invention. Above, the stator 1 is shown. The stator 1 has an inner and an outer toothed rim 123, 124. In the center region of the stator 1, there is the inlet 15, through which, following the inlet 8, fluid can pass from the reservoir 101 (see FIG. 1) into the dispersion region. Inside the stator 1, two premixing chambers 2 are arranged, at the transition 27 to the dispersion region transition pieces 3 are arranged with slots.

The stator 1, together with a rotor, forms a rotor-stator system according to the invention. As seen in the radial direction from the axis of rotation of the rotor, there is a gap between the rotor and the stator. The width of this gap is about 0, 1 mm to about 1.5 mm. The gap width is adapted to the dispersion task. W

If premix chambers are provided both above the inner and outer sprockets of the rotor to externally add media of relatively high viscosity inside and relatively low viscosity media in a single pass through the rotor-stator system, the gap width may be, for example, 0 , 35 mm, when added via pre-mixing chambers equidistant from the center axis, should be increased to 0, 8 mm in order to obtain larger droplets. Such a rotor of the rotor-stator system according to the invention can be designed, for example, as shown in FIG. 10 below. This rotor 4 has, according to one embodiment of the invention, a carrier plate 42 which carries an inner sprocket 424 and an outer sprocket 423. The teeth 5 have a concave form in plan view. It should be emphasized that the operation of the premixing chambers according to the invention is not limited to such a specific tooth geometry. Rather, the invention of a stator with internal premixing chambers can work with all tooth geometries or rotors which can build up a pressure in the direction of the premixing chamber from the dispersing chamber.

For comparison, FIG. 11 shows a rotor and a stator of a conventional rotor-stator system. Based on the invention, one can clearly see the differences in the design of the stator (on the right in FIG. 11), which has no premixing chambers, as well as this rotor (left in FIG

11) which has substantially more teeth but which do not form sprockets and have different orientations to a radial from the axis of rotation of the rotor.

FIGS. 12 to 16 show the geometry of the rotor and in particular of the rotor teeth 5 for various embodiments of the invention. The rotor 4 has a carrier disk 42 with a through hole coaxial with the axis of rotation 14 of the rotor. This

Through hole is used to connect the rotor 4 to the drive shaft 115 for connection to the motor 116 (see Figure 1). The carrier disk 42 of the rotor 4 carries rotor teeth 5. The external dimensions of the rotor and the height of the rotor teeth are selected according to the invention in accordance with the rated power of the motor and thus of the rotor-stator system. The following table gives an exemplary overview of suitable combinations of the mentioned parameters.

Outer diameter Rated power of rotor rotor teeth in mm Motors in kW in mm

50 2.2 8 to 10

75 5.5 10 to 12

100 11 12 to 18

150 22 18 to 24

175 30 to 45 24 to 32

285 55 to 75 24 to 40

Rotor-stator systems can be designed in one or more stages, as an example, a two-stage dispersing machine is shown here. It is a rotor-stator system with two sprockets of the rotor, an inner and an outer sprocket. The inner sprocket 424 has 4 rotor teeth. The outer sprocket 423 has eight rotor teeth. This ratio of 1 to 2 is chosen to ensure continuous internal pressure build-up in the machine. Another ratio, for example 1 to 3, brings such success.

The rotor teeth of the inner ring gear 424 have a width, measured in the radial direction from the axis of rotation 14, which is approximately twice as large as the width of the rotor teeth of the outer ring gear 423 (see Figure 12 top left). A rotor tooth 5 has an inner side 51 facing the center axis 14 of the rotor 4 and an outer side 52 facing the outer edge of the carrier disk 42. In the direction of rotation of the rotor 4 in front is the front 53 of the rotor. In the direction of rotation of the rotor in the back is the back 54 of the rotor tooth. On the side facing away from the support plate 42 side, a rotor tooth is closed by the top 55 of the rotor tooth. The rotor teeth of the inner ring gear have seen a distance di from the center axis 14 of the rotor, which is smaller than the distance d _{2 of} the rotor teeth of the outer ring gear 423th

The front side 53 of a rotor tooth 5 is inclined relative to a radially extending from the axis of rotation 14 of the rotor 4 from the reference line 57 by an angle α ₆ relative to the direction of rotation of the rotor to the rear. In the exemplary embodiments shown, the rear side 54 of the rotor tooth is oriented essentially perpendicular to the carrier disk 42. However, the back of the rotor tooth can also have any other orientations. In operation of the rotor-stator system causes the inclination of the front of the rotor tooth by the angle α _6, a radial acceleration of the product in the treatment in the dispersion.

The front side 53 has a region 56, which is inclined relative to the perpendicular to the support plate 42 of the rotor 4 by an angle α ₄ to the rear. By the offset of the area 56 of the front 53 to the

Angle α ₄ is impressed in the operating state of the rotor-stator system on the fluid in the dispersion a pressure component which promotes the fluid in the direction of the stator head and in particular in the premixing chambers. In addition, the degree of turbulence of the flow is increased by the inclination of the region 56 of the front side of the rotor tooth through the angle α ₄ when passing through the stator teeth, which are essentially parallelepipedal and parallel to the axis of rotation 14.

While preferably the area 56 of the front side, which is inclined backwards by the angle α ₄ , is arranged in the lower area of the front side, ie the carrier disk 42, the rotor tooth 5 has the one shown in FIGS. 12, 13, 14 and 16 Embodiments on its front side 53 on an upper portion 58, which is inclined with respect to a parallel to the main extension direction of the support plate 42 extending reference line 45 down in the direction of rotation of the rotor 4 by an angle α ₅ . Due to the inclination of this upper region 58 of the front side 53 of the rotor tooth 5 by the angle Ot ₅ , the pressure component of the fluid oriented by the inclination α _{4 of} the region 56 of the front side of the rotor tooth 5 and away from the carrier disk 42 is increased. This contributes to the formation of jet streams at the respective regions in the vicinity of the region 58 of the rotor tooth 5 in the dispersion space during operation of the rotor-stator system.

According to the model presentation, the jet stream is particularly pronounced where the rotor teeth pass through regions of the stator head which do not pass into a premixing chamber. Due to the multi-part design of the front 53 with the tilted by the angle Ot ₄ or α ₅

Areas 56 and 58 provide an additional dispersing edge on the rotor tooth. Due to the additional dispersing edge, the dispersion efficiency compared to a rotor tooth with only one edge on the Transition of the front in the top of the rotor tooth increases.

Between the upper side facing away from the support side 42 of the upper rear side 54 of the rotor tooth 5 and the upper boundary of the upper portion 58 of the front 53 of the rotor tooth extends the top 55 of the rotor tooth. According to the embodiments of the invention shown in Figures 12, 13, 15 and 16, the top 55 is abraded from its forward rotation in the direction of rotation of the rotor at the upper end of the region 58 to its rear end at the transition to the back 54 of the rotor tooth. In the detail drawing at the top right in FIG. 12, a correspondingly curved contour of the upper side 55 of the rotor tooth 5 is shown, as can be produced, for example, by milling. The depth of the cutout considered in relation to the line 45 is a measure of how far fluid from the premixing chamber can be drawn into the dispersion space when the rotor tooth 5 in the operation of the rotor-stator system

Transition from the premixing chamber in the dispersing happens. Instead of the longitudinal cut arc-shaped cutout (see Figure 12), for example, a simple bevel (see Figures 13, 15 and 16) can be selected.

With regard to the design of the rotor tooth, the invention offers different possibilities for influencing the flow conditions in the dispersion space during operation of the rotor-stator system by the shaping, and in particular the preconditions for an increased degree of turbulence compared to conventional designs (see FIG. 11) create. All of the examples shown in FIGS. 12 to 17 fulfill these requirements and, due to the bevels in the longitudinal section, can be seen on Rotor tooth at least one additional dispersing edge in comparison to substantially cuboid rotor teeth by the rotor teeth according to the invention exhibit a serrated surface.

The rotor teeth are designed by the construction described above so that both a radial conveying direction is formed by the dispersing, which is in particular realized by the angle α ₆ , as well as an axial pressure component on the stator out, so here from the dispersing into the premixing chamber, which is realized in particular by the angle α ₄ . If a rotor tooth passes the transition between the premixing chamber and the dispersion chamber, it will be extremely fast, for example in the range of milliseconds, at each

Rotor tooth a positive and negative pressure, which is passed to the fluid in the premixing chamber, whereby in the premixing strong turbulence of the two phases into each other. By lowering the top surface 55 of the rotor tooth with respect to the reference line 45, a negative pressure is generated so that fluid is simultaneously drawn from the premixing chamber into the dispersing space.

In Figure 7, the model presentation for the fluid movement described above is shown schematically. The

Shredding action of the rotor-stator system can be adjusted by the choice of geometry, in particular by the choice of the angle Ot _{4 of} the rotor tooth, in coordination with the peripheral speed of the rotor tooth and the throughput through the dispersing machine. The angle α ₄ and peripheral speed of the rotor teeth mainly determine the volume of fluid, which is conveyed from the dispersion into the premixing chambers. The larger α ₄ at the same Circumferential speed is, the larger this volume.

The volume of the second component or further components metered in via the premixing chambers depends mainly on the selected settings of the pumps in the inlet 25. For example, a combination of these pumps with a frequency converter, the desired pump setting can be specified. By positioning a flow meter in the inlet 25, the volume flow supplied to the dispersion space can be displayed via the inlet 25.

FIG. 17 shows further variants of the geometry of the rotor tooth 5. The illustrated in Figure 17a

Rotor tooth 5 has a front side with a, relative to the Hauptausdehnungsrichtung the support plate 42, vertically extending lower portion and a rear, with respect to the direction of rotation of the rotor with the rotor tooth 5, inclined upper portion. The upper side of the rotor tooth runs parallel to the main expansion direction of the carrier disk. In Figure 17b, the top surface 55 of the rotor tooth 5 has been chamfered as compared to the design shown in Figure 17a. The embodiment of the rotor tooth illustrated in FIG. 17c has an inclined one

Front 53, a parallel to the main extension direction of the carrier disc extending top 55 and a back 54, which is inclined to the front 53. By such an inclination of the back 54, the collection effect, which is described above for a lowered upper side 55 of the rotor tooth, can be enhanced.

FIG. 18 shows a model concept for the effect of different configurations of rotor teeth on the flow conditions in their neighborhood during operation of the rotor Rotor-stator system shown. In the illustration of the stator 1, an area was selected which has no premixing chambers in order to draw attention to the flow conditions in the vicinity of the rotor tooth.

Figure 14a shows a rotor tooth with a flat cutout on the top side. Such a design is typically used for small to moderate amounts of addition to the components of the dispersion to be made via the inlet 25 via the premixing chamber. Low to moderate addition levels correspond to a proportion of the respective component in the finished dispersion of about 5 vol .-% to about 30 vol. -Sr.

The rotor tooth 5 shown in FIG. 18a also shows a smooth transition from the carrier disk 42 of the rotor to the rotor tooth in the lower region of its front side 53. By such a flowing design at the origin of the front side of the rotor tooth from the carrier disk, dead zones for the fluid in the dispersion chamber are reduced. FIG. 18b shows a rotor tooth according to a further embodiment of the invention with a very deep indentation of the top side 55 of the rotor tooth compared to the rotor tooth shown in FIG. 18a. Such a design may be used for medium to large addition levels of the components of the dispersion fed via the inlet 25 through the premixing chambers into the dispersion space. Medium to large additions of the corresponding component mean a proportion of these

Component in the range between more than about 30 vol .-% and about 80 vol .-% of the dispersion to be prepared.

With the vertical dashed lines extending from the stator 1 to the rotor in FIG. 18, the stator teeth are indicated. Where a rotor tooth passes such a straight stator tooth, microturbulences, which are designated with turbulence I in FIG. 18, arise according to the model concept. Compared to the jet stream flows designated turbulence II, the areas in which microturbulences are generated have many high-energy small vortices in the fluid of the dispersion space.

FIG. 19 illustrates a model of the preparation of an emulsion in a rotor-stator system according to the invention. On the left is the area marked 2, which shows an emulsion when passing through the dispersing chamber 7. Subsequent to the treatment in the dispersion space, further stabilization of the droplets of the emulsion can take place when the outlet 9 flows through.

After the first contact of the two phases of the emulsion in the premixing chamber (beginning on the far left in FIG. 19), the two phases are mixed and droplets of the disperse phase are formed in the continuous phase. In the illustrated example of the emulsion, the disperse phase is a lipophilic phase and the continuous phase is an aqueous phase. Emulsifier molecules are dissolved in the continuous phase. These are presented in the continuous phase in an amount such that at least at the beginning of the process partially form micelles of emulsifier molecules.

As soon as an interface between the lipophilic and aqueous fluids is provided by the contact of the disperse phase with the continuous phase, the emulsifier molecules begin to accumulate at this interface. When passing through the premixing the first large drops of disperse phase further crushed. Emulsifier molecules increasingly accumulate at the interface between the disperse and continuous phases. The comminution of the droplets and the stabilization of the interface by emulsifier molecules continue as they pass through the dispersion chamber 7. Also during the passage of the dispersion leaving the dispersing chamber 7 through the outlet 9, the process of stabilizing the droplets formed by emulsifier molecules can be continued.

To further reduce the size of the initially large droplets of the disperse phase, in particular when passing through the premixing chamber, a more detailed model concept was also developed. Accordingly, the

Deformatin and the break-up of the drops at least partially involving baker's transformation (see, for example, Joseph Maria Henri Janssen: Dynamics of Liquid-Liquid Mixing, Chapter 2, Thesis 1993, University of Eindhoven, NL, ISBN 90-386-0402-5) ,

The model for the deformation of fluid elements by the baker's transformation is shown schematically in FIG. The baker's transformation was named after the dough kneading process. A dough is pulled twice the length and then folded so that the two ends are on top of each other. This procedure is repeated until good mixing has occurred. Two particles, which were originally close together, are far apart after a short time.

The representation for the model concept for the deformation of fluid elements starts from a considered fluid element in surrounding medium (FIG. 20A). This fluid element is stretched by stretching (Figure 20B), wherein its height and width decreases accordingly. Then the fluid element is folded (Figure 20C). After folding, the stretching and folding continue (Figures 2OD through 20F) mixing the fluid of the element under consideration and the surrounding medium. Due to this baker's transformation, stretching and folding through the alternating sequence lead to an exponential progress of the mixing.

In Figure 21, the mixing of the continuous and disperse phases to form droplets in the premix chamber is once again illustrated, in comparison to the illustration in Figure 19, taking into account the baker's transformation. This causes streaks to bubbles of the droplets forming disperse phase, which are then broken when passing through the first and second ring gear of the rotor 5 in the dispersing 7 to smaller droplets. The peripheral speed, and thus in particular the shear rate, increases continuously as the fluid from the premixing chamber passes over the inner rotor rim and the outer rotor rim until the maximum is reached, thereby promoting the controlled dripping of droplets. Then follows a turbulent stabilization in the outlet channel and the circulation line.

This intensive mixing of the disperse and the continuous phase in the premixing chamber is promoted by the interaction with the rotors according to the invention, when the outer phase through the axial

Component of the flow direction at the rotor teeth is pressed into the premixing chamber in the manner of an injector. The resulting jet cuts the disperse phase to streaks, which are folded by the sudden reversal of direction (negative pressure). The principle can be understood as the kneading of a pizza dough, wherein the outer phase is embedded in the streak. The key to pulling and folding the fluidic elements lies in the sudden alternation of positive and negative pressure at each opening of the premixing chamber made possible by the invention.

One purpose of the premixing chamber is to minimize irregular droplet formation prior to high energy dispersion in the dispersion space. A fine, homogeneous

Raw emulsion or raw dispersion prevents over-concentration of droplets (clustering) and guarantees a fine, homogeneous emulsion or dispersion after the high energy zone, especially in one pass (inline). In contrast, harbors a

Over-concentration of droplets the risk of a phase reversal.

Another purpose of the premixing chamber is to achieve the dispersing operation in one pass without the emulsifier settling completely around the droplets before or during dispersing. Thus, a discontinuous breakup of the droplets is achieved while the emulsifier film is not yet complete. This results in higher droplet breakup efficiency and smaller droplets, and is especially important in pulp systems with high viscosity differences between the disperse and continuous phases.

The invention of the premixing chamber described above can be used not only in stators for rotor-stator systems of dispersing machines, but also in pumps, agitators and similar apparatus in which a plurality of at least partially liquid components are to be mixed together. FIG. 22 is a schematic sketch a premixing chamber, which can be welded into a pump housing. The premixing chamber is for example made of a solid stainless steel piece and corresponds in its geometry to the description given for example with reference to FIG.

The premix chamber is mounted on the pressure generating side of the apparatus. Due to the overpressure of the moving part, so for example, the rotor or the stirrer or the moving pump component, the subsidized

Component of the dispersion pressed into the premixing chamber. The change of overpressure and negative pressure as a result of the movement of the dispersing element or the moving pump part, presses or sucks the increasingly homogenized premix from the premixing chamber.

In the case of very high-viscosity products, after passing through a pump equipped with a premixing chamber, a post-mixing can be carried out. For this example, static mixers or Rührwerktanks and similar arrangements can be used.

The supply of components into the premixing chambers is effected by feed pipes corresponding to the inlets 25 in FIG. 1. Pumps, such as positive displacement pumps, feed the raw materials into the premixing chambers.

FIG. 23 shows a front view of a pump equipped with a premixing chamber in the pump housing. The pump has an inlet 8 for a fluid and a further inlet 81 for a further fluid, by which this is supplied into the premixing chamber 2. Through an outlet 9, the mixture of fluids is withdrawn from the pump. The premixing chamber is in the illustration in Figure 23 left of the pump outlet 9. Die Direction of rotation of the moving pump component is counterclockwise in the plane of the drawing. The pump wheels may be designed as standard pump wheels such as those of centrifugal pumps and take over the function of the rotor in the above description of the rotor-stator systems.

example 1

A dispersing machine with a rotor and a stator according to the invention has a rated power of 30 kW. The rotor has an outer diameter of about 175 mm. The stator has four premix chambers, which are arranged above the inner of the two rotor crowns of the rotor. The premix chambers each have a length of about 10 cm, measured along the main extension direction of the premix chambers. Perpendicular to the main extension direction, they are about 1.2 cm wide. They have an average depth of about 2 cm, measured from the transition region of the premixing chamber into the dispersing chamber, into the interior of the stator. Each chamber has a volume of about 24 cm ³ .

It is believed that this volume is washed out by any rotor tooth passing through the premix chamber during operation of the rotor-stator system. This means a throughput of 288,000 cm ³ / min or 0.288 m ³ / min or 17.3 m ³ / h for each pre-mixing chamber at 3000 revolutions / minute and four teeth on the inner rotor ring.

At a concentration ratio of the fed via the premixing chambers (in an emulsion, for example, internal) phase to that in the dispersion Thus, 7 m ³ / h of internal phase per premixing chamber can be processed in this way (40% by volume on the example of an emulsion). This results in four premix chambers a possible volume to be introduced of 28 m ³ in each hour. Thus, the dispersing machine according to the invention is far superior to conventional apparatuses.

Example 2

For diluting substances with water, passing through a transitional state in which a dispersion-like system of the substance and water is present, the invention offers further advantages. An example of such substances are detergent-active substances (WAS) such as AE3S 70%, LES 70% and similar substances. These raw materials must be diluted in one pass through the machine used for dilution to a volume fraction of less than 30% in water, otherwise a hexagonal phase can occur, which may have a viscosity which is higher by a factor of 10 than the viscosity of the original raw material.

Conventional machines often have the problem that the substance to be diluted is insufficient with water in

Can be brought so that local over-concentrations occur in areas where the two phases are brought together. These local excess concentrations lead to dilution of washing-active substances with water to so-called fish eyes

(hexagonal phase), which can be difficult to catch up in the further course. The capacities of conventional dispersing machines for diluting washing-active substances are thus extremely low. By contrast, by the premixing chamber according to the invention, the particular requirements of the dilution of detergent substances with water are taken into account and the desired capacity can be flexibly adapted.

Highly concentrated washing-active substances with a content of 70% by volume of the substance dissolved in water (WHAT 70%) such as AE3S, LES or similar, are delivered in a standard container of about 23,000 kg. The unloading time is about 60 to 90 minutes and is limited by the pipe connections of the containers and the high viscosity of the product. The WAS is stored in storage tanks and then continuously diluted to a concentration of 25% by volume of wash-active substance in water. For production, the detergent substance diluted in this way is stored in other storage tanks.

Traditional continuous dilution systems are expensive. To keep the costs within limits, the size is adjusted to the needs. With changes of the applications the user is therefore through the existing ones

Dilution plant limited.

On the other hand, a plant with premixing chambers according to the invention is able to dilute the amount of washing-active substance to be supplied for dilution directly from the container in which the substance is delivered, in a continuous process. If required, a batch process can also be used, for which purpose a correspondingly smaller machine with premixing chambers is used. For example, with a

Dispersing machine according to the invention 455 kg / min of water are fed under control of a flow meter to the stator, so that this volume of water passes into the dispersion chamber. Through the feeds to Vormischkammern 255 kg / min detergent substance are pumped. In one pass, the detergent-active substance is then diluted according to the invention to a volume fraction of 25%. For this application, the commercially available dispersing machine of the applicant LEXA-MIX LM30, with a nominal power of 30 kW can be used. The processing of such high amounts of raw material, both in continuous and in batch process is not possible with conventional dispersing machines, which allow a throughput of 25-80 kg / min of substance to be dispersed.

Furthermore, the invention offers the advantage of being able to significantly reduce the investment costs. The

Acquisition costs for a typical continuous plant for diluting washing-active substances in 2008 will cost about 180,000, - EUR. The mentioned LEXA-MIX dispersing machine, on the other hand, has a purchase cost of only 50.000, - EUR in the year 2008.

Example 3

Another possible application of the invention is the continuous production of emulsions with a high internal phase content, so-called high internal phase emulsion (HIP) emulsions, such as, for example, mayonnaise. In the example considered, 10,000 kg / h of mayonnaise with a water phase of 20% by volume and an oil phase of 80% by volume are produced. The oil phase forms the disperse phase of an oil-in-water emulsion. Water phase and oil phase are the machine in the correct proportion controlled via flow meter via the feeds to the premixing chamber (oil phase) and fed through the stator in the dispersion (water phase). If a large amount of oil is to be incorporated into a relatively small amount of water, a large interface between the two phases must be created. The continuous production of such a large boundary surface combined with a desired homogeneous distribution of the oil droplets in the water phase is made possible by the pre-mixing chamber dispersing machine according to the invention. If necessary, a second dispersing machine, which is connected in series with a first, can be used to continuously introduce further additives, such as lemon juice, into the emulsion prepared in the first dispersing machine.

In particular, the dispersing machine can be designed such that it circulates a larger volume, for example three to five times the actual production volume, in a bypass in order to achieve optimum homogeneity of the product.

All piping of the dispersing machine can be made coolable. However, cooling is usually not necessary, since the heat generation by the large throughputs and low residence times according to the invention for most products is limited.

Example 4

When introducing larger water droplets as drops with low viscosity in a much firmer make-up based on silicone, the droplets of the water phase should have a mean diameter of about 100 microns (microns), so that when applying the make-up the moisture Water phase is perceived as a feeling of freshness. However, the silicone base of the make-up means that with increasing shear, the make-up always receives a higher viscosity (shear-thickening). As a result, smaller and smaller droplets of water would be created as you spread your make-up. This is not wanted.

By using a dispersing machine with premixing chambers, at average peripheral speeds ranging from about 10 m / s to about 20 m / s, the silicone base material can be conveyed into the premixing chamber via a transition piece of the shape BIO (see FIG. 6a). The water phase supplied via the premixing chamber is distributed in droplet form in the silicone base mass and then gently dispersed. Uniform distribution and size of the water droplets in the matrix can be achieved by a suitable choice of the dispersing machine supplied volume flows of the speed of the rotor and shape of the transition piece already with one pass.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but rather can be varied in many ways. In particular, the features of the individual embodiments can also be combined or replaced with each other.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 stator

11 stator head 123 outer ring gear of the stator

124 inner ring gear of the stator

12 stator hull

14 longitudinal axis of the stator = axis of rotation of the rotor

Center axis of the rotor 15 inlet, inlet from a storage tank in the

dispersion range

17 Dispersion area of the stator

2 premix chamber

25 inlet, inlet into the premixing chamber 27 transition of the premixing chamber to the dispersion area

28 Circumference of the transition of the premixing chamber to the dispersion area

3 adapter, ejector, injector

31 openings, slots, holes in the transition piece 32 Hauptausdehnungsrichtung the transition piece

33 hole axis

34 perpendicular to the transition piece

35 lateral surface of the opening in the transition piece

36 first portion of the lateral surface 37 further portion of the lateral surface

38 cut surface

39 footbridge

4 rotor

423 outer ring gear of the rotor 424 inner ring gear of the rotor

42 carrier disk of the rotor

45 Parallel to the main expansion surface of the carrier disk

5 rotor tooth 51 inside of the rotor tooth

52 outside of the rotor tooth

53 front side of the rotor tooth

54 Rear of rotor tooth 55 Top of rotor tooth

56 area of the front, which is inclined backwards

57 Reference line

58 upper portion of the front side 59 lower portion of the front

6 rotor-stator system

7 dispersion space

8 inlet for a fluid in a dispersing machine or a pump 81 inlet for another fluid in a

Dispersing machine or a pump 82 inlet for another fluid in a dispersing machine or a pump

9 outlet of a fluid from a dispersing machine or a pump

10 dispersing machine

101 first storage tank

102 second storage container

109 Quick release for changing the stator head 112 Ring channel, gap between the outer sprocket of the

Stators and the housing of the dispersing machine 113 housing

115 drive shaft for the rotor

116 Engine 117 Seal, mechanical seal

118 gasket, o-ring, static seal

Claims

claims

1. Stator (1) for a rotor-stator system (6) for producing and / or treating dispersions having a dispersion region (17) which has a dispersion chamber (7) with a rotor (4) corresponding to the stator (1). of the rotor-stator system (6) and having an inlet (15) for feeding a first component of a dispersion into the dispersing area (17), characterized in that inside the stator at least one premixing chamber (2) outside the dispersing area (17) which opens into the dispersing area (17), wherein the stator (1) has at least one inlet (25) for feeding a further component of the dispersion from outside the stator (1) into the premixing chamber (2) and wherein the Stator (1) is formed such that during operation of the stator components of the dispersion from the dispersing region (17) and from the inlet (25) from entering the premixing chamber (2) are mixed together and from the

Leave premixing chamber (2) in the dispersion area (17).

2. Stator (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator (1) has at least two premixing chambers (2), each having an inlet (25) for supplying a component of the dispersion from outside the stator (1) in the relevant Have premixing chamber (2).

3. stator (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the premixing chamber (2) from the transition to the dispersing region (17) bulges out into the stator (1).

4. Stator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the premixing chamber (2) at the transition to

Dispergierbereich (17) has the shape of a strip-shaped section of a circle segment, wherein the cutout in particular has a continuous curved circumferential line (28).

5. Stator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the transition of the premixing chamber (2) to the dispersing region (17) at such a radial distance from the longitudinal axis (14) of the stator, which

Is the axis of rotation of the rotor (4) corresponding to the stator (1), is mounted, that the premixing chamber (2) is positioned above a dispersing tool, in particular a sprocket (423, 424) of the rotor when the stator (1) correspond with the Rotor (4) to the rotor-stator system (6) is combined.

6. Stator (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the transition of the premixing chamber (2) to the dispersing (17) at such a radial distance from the longitudinal axis (14) of the stator (1), which the axis of rotation of the stator ( 1) corresponding rotor (4) corresponds, attached in that the premixing chamber (2) is positioned at least above the internal dispersing tool, in particular the inner gear rim (424) of a rotor with a plurality of dispersing tools, when the stator (1) is connected to the corresponding rotor (4) to the rotor-stator system ( 6) is combined.

7. stator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the stator (1) has at least two premixing chambers (2) which are positioned at different radial distances from the longitudinal axis (14) of the stator

8. stator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that between the premixing chamber (2) and the dispersing region (17) a transition piece (3) is arranged.

9. stator (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the transition piece (3) the region between the premixing chamber (2) and the dispersing (17) partially or completely fills.

10. stator (1) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the transition piece (3) has the shape of a strip-shaped section of a circular segment.

11. Stator (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the transition piece (3) is designed in the manner of a perforated plate and one or more circular and / or polygonal openings and / or a slot or a plurality of slots as holes (31), wherein preferably a plurality of slots in each case extend substantially transversely to the main extension direction (32) of the transition piece (3).

12. Stator (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the holes (31) through the transition piece (3) in each case along a hole axis (33) extend, which with the perpendicular to the transition piece (3) an angle includes, in particular an angle in the range between about 10 ° and about 80 °, preferably in the range between about 30 ° and about 60 ° and particularly preferably an angle of about 45 °.

13. Stator (1) according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the holes (31) through the transition piece (3) from a lateral surface (35) having a first portion (36) and at least one further portion (37). be limited, wherein at least a portion (36, 37) along a sectional surface which encloses an angle with the perpendicular to the transition piece (3), in particular an angle in the range between about 10 ° and about 80 °, preferably in the range between about 30 ° and about 60 ° and most preferably an angle of about 45 °.

14. Stator (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the stator (1) is formed in two parts and a stator head (11) and a stator body (12), wherein the at least one premixing chamber (2) in the stator head (11) is arranged and the Statorrumpf (12) comprises a dispersing tool of the stator, in particular at least one sprocket (123, 124).

15. Stator (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that a plurality of stator heads (11), which differ in number and / or geometry of the premixing chambers (2), can be mounted on a stator fuselage (12) to form a stator (1). with replaceable stator head to form.

16. Stator (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one premixing chamber (2) as a cavity in the stator (1), in particular in the stator head (11) is formed, that a transition piece (3) as Completion of the cavity on the stator, in particular on the stator head, can be mounted.

17. stator head (11) for a stator (1) according to claim 14 or 15.

18. transition piece (3) for a stator (1) according to one of claims 8 to 13.

19. Use of a stator (1) according to one of

Claims 1 to 16 or a stator head (11) according to claim 17 as a housing component of a pump, in particular a single-stage or multistage centrifugal pump, or an agitator, in particular operated with a propeller stirrer or a disk stirrer, or a dispersing device.

20. Rotor (4), in particular for use in combination with a stator (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16, for a rotor-stator system (6) for producing and / or treating dispersions with respect to the center axis (14) of the

Rotor rotationally symmetrical carrier disc (42), from which at least one rotor tooth (5) springs, wherein the rotor tooth (5) facing the center axis (14) inside (51), the outer edge of the support plate 42) facing outside (52), a in the operating condition of the rotor (4) seen in the direction of rotation front lying front (53), seen in the operating condition of the rotor (4) in its direction of rotation rear side (54), and a rotor tooth (5) on the

Carrier disk (42) facing away from the final upper side (55), characterized in that the front side (53) at least one of the support plate (42) facing the lower region (59), which relative to the perpendicular to the support plate by an angle α ₄ after Rear relative to the direction of rotation of the rotor is inclined in the operating state.

21. Rotor (4) according to claim 20, characterized in that the front face (53) comprises at least one region (56) which faces outwardly from a radially from the center axis (14)

Reference line (57) inclined by the angle α ₆ rearward with respect to the direction of rotation of the rotor in the operating state.

22. Rotor (4) according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the front side (53) at least one of

Carrier disk (42) facing away from the upper region (58) which is inclined relative to the parallels (45) to the main expansion surface of the carrier disk (42) by an angle α ₅ to the carrier disk.

23. Rotor (4) according to any one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the rotor (4) has a first sprocket (423) which comprises at least two, preferably four, rotor teeth (5) having a first radial

Have distance d _x from the center axis (14) of the rotor and are preferably evenly spaced from each other.

24. Rotor (4) according to claim 23, characterized in that the rotor (4) has a second toothed rim (424), which at least two, preferably four, more preferably eight, rotor teeth (5), which has a second radial distance d ₂ of the

Center axis (14) of the rotor and are preferably evenly spaced from each other, wherein d _{2 is} greater than di.

25. Method for producing and / or treating

Dispersions using a rotor-stator system (6) having a stator (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 16, comprising the following steps: a) Providing a first phase of the dispersion in a first feed tank (101) which communicates with the dispersing space (7 ) and providing at least a second phase of the dispersion in at least one second storage container (102), which with a

B) feeding the first phase of the dispersion into the dispersion space (7), c) feeding the second phase of the dispersion into the premixing chamber (2), d) driving the rotor (4) so that in the Operation of the rotor-stator system (6) the first phase passes through the dispersing chamber (7) in the premixing chamber (2) and thereby comes into contact with the second phase, wherein a mixture and / or a dispersion of first and second phase formed and the second phase and / or the first and second phase mixture and / or the first and second phase dispersion formed in the premixing chamber (2) through the premixing chamber (2) into the

Dispersing chamber (7) is promoted.

26. The method according to claim 25, characterized in that a stator (1) with at least one further premixing chamber (2) is used and in step a) at least one further phase of the dispersion in at least one other Reservoir, which is in communication with the further premixing chamber (2) is provided and wherein in step c) the further phase of the dispersion in the further premixing chamber (2) of the rotor-stator system (6) is supplied, so that in operation of the rotor-stator system, the first phase passes through the dispersion chamber (7) in the premixing chambers (2) and thereby in the respective premixing chamber (2) with the second or further phase in contact, wherein a mixture and / or a dispersion of the phases is formed, and the second or at least one further phase and / or the mixture and / or in one

Pre-mixing chamber (2) formed dispersion of at least two phases through the respective premixing chamber (2) in the dispersing chamber (7) is promoted.

27. The method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the steps b), c) and d) are carried out simultaneously.

28. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the method is operated continuously.

29. A process according to any of claims 25 to 28, wherein the first phase fed in step b) will form the disperse phase of the dispersion and the second phase fed in step c) will form the continuous phase or a component of the continuous phase of the dispersion and In the preparation of the dispersion, a phase inversion takes place.

30. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 29, characterized in that a rotor (4) according to any one of claims 20 to 24 as a rotor (4) of the rotor-stator system (6) is used.

31. The method according to any one of claims 25 to 30, characterized in that the residence time in a premixing chamber (2) in the range between about 0.005 seconds and about

0.02 seconds.