EP2284341A2 - Fastener for locking an opening - Google Patents
Fastener for locking an opening Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2284341A2 EP2284341A2 EP10008400A EP10008400A EP2284341A2 EP 2284341 A2 EP2284341 A2 EP 2284341A2 EP 10008400 A EP10008400 A EP 10008400A EP 10008400 A EP10008400 A EP 10008400A EP 2284341 A2 EP2284341 A2 EP 2284341A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- magnetic
- yoke
- pole
- switching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000828 alnico Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] Chemical compound N1=C2C=CC=CC2=[N+]([O-])C1(CC1)CCC21N=C1C=CC=CC1=[N+]2[O-] BGPVFRJUHWVFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005417 remagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
- E05C19/00—Other devices specially designed for securing wings, e.g. with suction cups
- E05C19/16—Devices holding the wing by magnetic or electromagnetic attraction
- E05C19/166—Devices holding the wing by magnetic or electromagnetic attraction electromagnetic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/02—Permanent magnets [PM]
- H01F7/0231—Magnetic circuits with PM for power or force generation
- H01F7/0252—PM holding devices
- H01F7/0263—Closures, bags, bands, engagement devices with male and female parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
- E05B47/00—Operating or controlling locks or other fastening devices by electric or magnetic means
- E05B2047/0048—Circuits, feeding, monitoring
- E05B2047/0067—Monitoring
- E05B2047/0068—Door closed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05C—BOLTS OR FASTENING DEVICES FOR WINGS, SPECIALLY FOR DOORS OR WINDOWS
- E05C19/00—Other devices specially designed for securing wings, e.g. with suction cups
- E05C19/16—Devices holding the wing by magnetic or electromagnetic attraction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tumbler for closing an opening according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a closable opening in which a movable part, such as a door, flap, lid or the like, with respect to a fixed part, such as a fixed wall, is movable. That or the moving Parts can be opened or closed by swiveling or pushing.
- a tumbler blocks or locks the closed state of the opening, so that access to the machine or system is only possible if the locking or blocking of the closed state is canceled.
- a standstill of the machine system is signaled to a controller, for example via the standstill monitor, it releases the guard locking so that the room area can be opened. If at least parts of the mechanical system do not stand still, or if precautions otherwise to be taken are not taken before the movable part is opened, the tumbler is blocked, so that the movable part can not be opened.
- a tumbler is a safety component that must have a measuring device of the potential locking forces in order to use this guard locking in safety-related locking systems.
- a tumbler is known in particular for applications in which the hygiene point of view has been taken into account, ie, that the tumbler is easy to clean and as possible should have no pockets or the like collection points for residues that are formed by protruding mechanical components.
- DE 199 53 898 A1 known tumbler includes a switched on or off U-shaped electromagnet in the fixed part and a yoke mounted on the movable part. In the "on" state of the U-shaped electromagnet this exerts a holding force required for the tumbler, when the movable part is applied to the fixed part, so the opening is closed.
- the magnetic field can be provided in the known tumbler frequency monitoring of the switching power supply to excite the core of the electromagnet with constant current.
- the time required to maintain the magnetic flux changes to "recharge” the coil to maintain the constant current.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a tumbler according to the preamble of claim 1, in which a constant current or voltage application for exerting the clamping force can be omitted and constructed with simple means while still being safe.
- the function of locking should also be ensured in the de-energized state, with large locking forces with structurally simple means cost and low maintenance, especially from the hygiene point of view to be created.
- the tumbler as a safety component should be so small that it can be used in flaps and doors and the like, while still can be concluded with sufficient certainty on the locking force.
- a tumbler is provided as a security member for closing an opening including a movable part and a fixed part comprising a magnetic circuit.
- the magnetic circuit has a yoke and a lockable with the yoke magnet, wherein the magnetic effect of the magnet is changeable to the yoke.
- the yoke is attached to the movable part and the magnet is attachable to the fixed part.
- the magnet which can be closed with the yoke has at least two pole shoes on which the magnetic field lines can emerge in a defined shape. In addition, at least one switching magnet connecting the pole shoes is provided.
- connection of the pole pieces via the switching magnet is such that the switching magnet has a magnetization direction along the connection of the two pole pieces, wherein the orientation can be changed by 180 °.
- the direction of the magnetic field remains the same when the orientation changes. Illustrated in a vector represented by an arrow, in this illustration, the position of the arrowhead indicates the orientation of the vector and the arrow shaft indicates its direction. Since the magnetic field, the orientation of the field lines is defined by the position in which the north pole of a compass needle points, pivots an imaginary compass needle for displaying the magnetic field of the switching magnet in a Ummagnetmaschine same by 180 °.
- the switching magnet By the switching magnet, it is possible to change the course of the magnetic field lines in the pole pieces and in particular at the ends facing the yoke. In one of the two magnetization orientations of the switching magnet, magnetic field lines essentially do not emerge from the pole shoes, but the magnetic flux is "short-circuited" by the switching magnet in the magnet.
- the magnetic flux defined can be “switched off” and “switched off” from the pole shoes, so that the magnetic effect of the magnet can be switched “on” and “off”.
- the closable by the yoke magnet acts as a magnet system with permanent magnet and solenoid, which can exert a high clamping force on the yoke, which is time-independent, whereby the magnetic force of the magnet system can be switched on and off by the at least one switching magnet. For a change between a blocking of the tumbler and the lifting of the blocking of the tumbler only a re-magnetization of the one or more solenoids is required.
- the magnetization of the magnet system is measurable via saturation as a measure of the magnetic flux by varying a frequency of the coil that is varied from the saturation of the portion of the magnet as the core of the coil. detected becomes.
- the frequency measurement of the coil surrounding the section of the magnet makes a reliable statement with sufficient certainty as to whether the clamping force is sufficient and allows the tumbler to be used in a safety-related component.
- the coil whose frequency is measured is preferably designed as a frequency-determining component of an oscillator.
- a feedback capability is provided whereby an input signal may be applied to the tumbler control as a result of the frequency measurement configured as a function value to notify the controller with the input signal as to whether the clamping force is being achieved. If the tumbler block an opening of the room area and the locking force is insufficient, a feedback can be sent with the signal to the control, and the control can now transfer the machine system to a safe state, ie a standstill of the machine system. Due to the symmetrical structure of the magnet system, the detection of the magnetic flux within a pole piece of the magnet system is sufficient, but it may also be provided for reasons of redundancy to detect the magnetic flux at a plurality of pole pieces.
- the frequency of the coil in this area of the magnetization changes so much that it is already possible to clearly detect a gap between magnet system and yoke of 10 ⁇ m. Even if such a gap of this magnitude is detected, the potential locking force is still far above the locking force guaranteed for the guard locking.
- the permanent magnet and the switching magnet of the magnet or of the magnet system are arranged in a first exemplary embodiment substantially offset from each other in a longitudinal direction, and the pole shoes are designed as bodies of soft magnetic material extending transversely thereto.
- the pole shoes may be configured as permanent magnets, wherein adjacent pole pieces each have a different magnetization orientation and a respective switching magnet between the pole pieces, preferably at the yoke facing end of the pole pieces, is arranged, and the permanent magnets are arranged on a soft magnetic material for a magnetic return on the opposite side of the solenoid, so that a simple magnetic field line is formed.
- the "turning off" of the magnetic flux is for example in the further embodiment, then the case when the solenoid is magnetized so that it has a magnetic north pole on the permanent magnet, which has a magnetic pole south pole, and a magnetic south pole has on the permanent magnet , which has a magnetic north pole as pole piece.
- the magnetic field then essentially does not emerge from the pole pieces, that is to say when the switching magnet is magnetized in such a way that it has an opposite polarity at the ends to the pole shoes.
- the situation is different if the switching magnet with the same polarity is magnetized at the ends to the pole shoes.
- the solenoid has a magnetic south pole on the permanent magnet, the pole piece forms a magnetic south pole and a magnetic north pole on the permanent magnet, the pole piece forms a magnetic north pole.
- the magnetic field lines are "pushed out of the switching magnet” and exit through the pole shoes.
- a yoke present can be attracted by the pole pieces in the opposite polarity.
- the permanent magnets on a rare earth or neodymium magnetic material.
- a hard magnetic material which has excellent properties as a permanent magnet.
- the magnetic material neodymium-iron-boron is used to generate strong magnetic fields in a small volume.
- the magnetic material has high coercivities of 870 to 2750 kA / m at room temperature and is relatively inexpensive.
- the solenoid comprises an AiNiCo magnetic material, which is surrounded by a current-carrying winding.
- an AiNiCo magnet material it is possible to use a magnetizable magnetizable material, which does not depend on the generation of particularly high magnetic fields.
- the AlNiCo magnetic material in the longitudinal direction surrounding current-carrying winding a simple way of remagnetization, which is structurally simple, compact and low maintenance.
- the winding of the solenoid can be used, whereby the structure of the tumbler is simplified and as few components are present and also a wiring of the same is reduced.
- the coil for detecting the saturation of the magnet in the region of the yoke facing the end of a pole piece is arranged.
- a further coil is provided in addition to the winding for the switching magnet, which makes the detection of saturation alternatively or in addition to a detection of saturation via the winding of a solenoid.
- a safety-related redundant detection are made.
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a tumbler according to the invention. It is a section of a movable part 1 shown schematically, with which an opening is closed.
- the part 1 may be a flap, door, lid or the like, which is relatively movable relative to a fixed part 2, also shown schematically.
- the relative movement may be pivoting and / or shifting.
- a yoke 3 made of soft magnetic material is attached, which abuts when the opening is closed to a magnet 4 and this closes.
- the magnet 4 has a permanent magnet 5, which is elongated and pole pieces 6 of the magnet 4 connects, from which can escape magnetic field lines shown in dashed lines, which extend through the yoke 3 with the opening closed and can enter through a pole piece 6 in the magnet 4 again (please refer Fig. 2 ).
- the permanent magnet 5 is in Magnetized longitudinal direction in the connecting direction of the pole pieces 6.
- the permanent magnet 5 preferably has a magnetic material neodymium-iron-boron.
- the pole pieces 6 are formed of soft magnetic material.
- the switching magnet 7 is an easily magnetizable permanent magnet which is magnetized in the direction of connection of the pole pieces 6, wherein the orientation of the magnetic field is variable, however.
- the switching magnet 7 has an AlNiCo magnetic material.
- the permanent magnet 5 has a magnetic south pole "S” at the top and has a north magnetic pole "N” at the bottom.
- the magnetic field lines within the magnet 4 run in a kind of "short circuit". In essence, no magnetic field lines emerge from the magnet 4 on the pole shoes adjacent to the yoke 3. Due to the parallel magnetization of the permanent magnet 5 and the switching magnet 7 with different orientation, the magnetic field lines run inside the magnet 4, in the illustrated case in Fig. 1 clockwise to.
- the magnetization orientation of the switching magnet 7 is variable via a surrounding the magnetic material of the switching magnet 7 winding 8, by the switching magnet 7 can be reversed in its magnetic orientation by an external current pulse.
- the winding 8 is designed as a coil whose longitudinal axis with the longitudinal axis of the hard magnetic material of the switching magnet 7 runs side by side or coincides.
- a polarity reversal or loading of the winding 8 with a current pulse is caused by the transition of Fig. 1 on Fig. 2 shown.
- After the brief application of a current pulse there is no current or voltage from the outside at the winding 8 for exerting the clamping force.
- the magnetic field of the switching magnet 7 is in its magnetic orientation between the Fig. 1 and 2 been reversed.
- the switching magnet 7 is still magnetized transversely to the pole pieces 6 in the connecting direction between them, but the magnetization has rotated by 180 °. Unlike in the case in Fig. 1 in which the permanent magnet 5 and the switching magnet 7 were oriented opposite to each other, the permanent magnet 5 and the switching magnet 7 have the same magnetic orientation Fig. 2 on.
- the in Fig. 2 shown magnetic line course shows how the magnetic field lines from the pole pieces 6 of the magnet 4 escape; the magnetic field lines enter the yoke 3, extend in the yoke 3; and reenter the magnet 4 in the next pole piece 6.
- the magnet 4 acts with a force F.
- the magnetization of the magnet 4 or magnet system can be measured with its effect on the yoke 3 via the saturation as a measure of the magnetic flux.
- a winding or coil 9 is provided on a pole piece 6, whose frequency is detected.
- the frequency is a function of the saturation of the pole piece 6 as the core of the coil 9.
- the frequency is thus varied depending on the saturation of the pole piece 6.
- the frequency measurement of the pole piece 6 surrounding the coil 9 makes a reliable statement with reasonable certainty about whether the locking force of the tumbler sufficient.
- the coil is used as a frequency-determining component of an oscillator. Due to the saturation in the iron, the inductance of the coil 9 and thus the frequency of the resonant circuit is varied.
- the potential locking force is still far above the guaranteed locking force. If one sets a maximum current of 300 mA for the coil 9 and would like to have a clamping force of 500 N, the cut-off point is at a gap of approximately 50 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the tumbler according to the invention.
- the movable part 1 and the fixed part 2 are not shown, however, the arrangement of the magnet 4 and the yoke 3 in the movable part and the fixed part is the same as in FIG Fig. 1 and 2 ,
- the pole pieces 6 of the magnet 4 are formed by permanent magnets or permanent magnets with a hard magnetic magnetic material.
- the permanent magnets are magnetized in the longitudinal direction or in the extension of the pole pieces 6.
- the permanent magnets have a magnetic material neodymium-iron-boron.
- Adjacent pole pieces 6 or permanent magnets are magnetized in different orientations. While in the Fig. 3 shown uppermost permanent magnet the magnetic field lines extend from left to right, that is, which is formed on the yoke 3 facing the end of the pole piece 6, a magnetic north pole, at the yoke 3 facing the end of the adjacent middle pole piece 6, a magnetic south pole is formed; the magnetic field lines through the middle pole piece 6 run from right to left. The lowermost pole piece 6 has at the end facing the yoke 3 again a magnetic north pole.
- pole pieces 6 of the further embodiment are arranged on a plate-shaped soft magnetic material, which is formed by a steel plate 10 in the illustrated further embodiment.
- the three in Fig. 3 Accordingly, pole shoes 6 designed as permanent magnets are magnetized and arranged on the steel plate 10 such that the upper and the lower of the three pole shoes 6 are the same Have orientation and direction.
- the middle pole piece 6 has a rotated by 180 ° orientation; the middle pole piece 6 is oppositely magnetized with respect to the lower and the upper pole piece 6.
- the switching magnets 7 are easily re-magnetizable permanent magnets, which are magnetized in the direction of the connection of the pole pieces 6, the orientation of which, however, is variable.
- the magnetization of the switching magnets 7 extends transversely to the magnetization of the pole shoes 6 designed as permanent magnets.
- the switching magnets 7 have an AlNiCo magnet material.
- Fig. 3 illustrated case can be seen in the magnetic field lines shown in dashed lines, that the upper switching magnet 7 has a magnetic south pole above and below a magnetic north pole.
- the lower switching magnet 7 has a magnetic north pole at the top and a magnetic south pole at the bottom.
- the magnetic field lines essentially do not emerge from the pole shoes 6.
- the in Fig. 3 shown magnetic field line course shows that substantially no magnetic field lines emerge from the pole pieces of the magnet 4 as a magnetic system that could exert a clamping force on the yoke 3. The tumbler is therefore not blocked and the opening can be opened.
- the magnetic field lines extend within the pole shoes 6 designed as permanent magnets and the switching magnets 7 with the conclusion about the steel plate 10; there is no force on the yoke 3. In the magnet 4, a magnetic field line closure is generated, which does not penetrate to the outside.
- FIG. 3 are adjacent poles of switching magnet 7 and designed as permanent magnets pole pieces 6 oppositely poled, ie, the poles of the switching magnet 7 have different polarity for magnetizing the adjacent ends of the pole pieces 6.
- the magnetization orientation of the solenoids 7 is variable over a surrounding the magnetic material of the switching magnet 7 winding 8, by a (short) outer current pulse of the solenoid 7 can be reversed in its magnetic orientation.
- the magnetic field of the switching magnet 7 is in its magnetic orientation between the 3 and 4 been reversed.
- the magnetic field lines emerge from the pole shoes 6, enter the yoke 3 and enter from the yoke 3 again in the next adjacent pole piece 6 a.
- the magnet 4 forms a magnet system from which the magnetic field lines can exit into the yoke 3 and reenter. Due to the alternating sequence with oppositely magnetized pole shoes 6 reinforcing magnetic fluxes with different circulation sense are created. In a pair of adjacent pole pieces 6 with associated switching magnet 7, there is another direction of circulation of the magnetic flux than in the next adjacent pair of pole shoes 6 and switching magnet 7.
- Fig. 4 The magnetic field lines flow in the upper pair of pole pieces 6 and the associated switching magnet 7 in the clockwise direction, while in the lower pair of pole pieces 6 and the associated switching magnet 7, the magnetic field lines flow in a counterclockwise direction.
- the coil 9 is provided on a pole piece 6, whose frequency is detected, so that a reliable statement can be made with sufficient certainty about whether the locking force of the tumbler sufficient.
- the hard magnetic material of the switching magnet 7 is not completely “magnetized” during the removal of the blocking of the tumbler, a "snap function" can be realized with adjustable force.
- the magnet 4 acts as a magnet system with a residual holding force on the yoke 3.
- the hard magnetic material of the switching magnet 8 can once again be completely “magnetized” by the remaining magnetization of the pole shoes to prevent.
- the magnetization of the switching magnets 7 is controlled by a controller, not shown in the figures, which is coupled, for example, with sensors which detect a standstill of the machine or system located in the room area or the presence of a risk potential for persons from the machine or the system and the switching magnets 7 magnetized accordingly, so that the tumbler is blocked or released.
- the controller can be transmitted by one or more corresponding detectors, whether the Opening is closed. The control then gives the system or machine a signal as to whether it can be started, or whether in turn the release by the control of the tumbler is not present, since the opening is still open and the access or access of persons is still possible.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zuhaltung zum Verschließen einer Öffnung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a tumbler for closing an opening according to the preamble of claim 1.
Bei Maschinen oder Anlagen beispielsweise in der Fertigungstechnik ist es aus Sicherheitsgründen für (Bedien-)Personen erforderlich, die Maschinen oder Anlagen innerhalb eines von der Umgebung abgetrennten Raumes bzw. Raumbereichs anzuordnen, in dem sich während des Betriebs der Maschine bzw. Anlage keine Person aufhalten darf bzw. keine Person hineingreifen kann. Der Zugang bzw. Zugriff beispielsweise für Reinigungs- oder Wartungsarbeiten wird durch eine verschließbare Öffnung gewährleistet, bei der ein bewegliches Teil, beispielsweise eine Tür, Klappe, Deckel oder dergleichen, gegenüber einem feststehenden Teil, beispielsweise einer feststehenden Wand, beweglich ist. Das oder die beweglichen Teile können durch Schwenken bzw. Schieben geöffnet bzw. geschlossen werden. Eine Zuhaltung blockiert bzw. verriegelt den geschlossenen Zustand der Öffnung, so dass ein Zugriff bzw. Zugang zur Maschine oder Anlage nur möglich ist, wenn die Verriegelung bzw. Blockierung des geschlossenen Zustands aufgehoben ist. Wenn einer Steuerung ein Stillstehen der maschinellen Anlage etwa über Stillstandswächter signalisiert wird, gibt sie die Zuhaltung frei, so dass der Raumbereich geöffnet werden kann. Stehen zumindest Teile der maschinellen Anlage nicht still oder sind ansonsten vorzunehmende Vorkehrungen vor dem Öffnen des beweglichen Teils noch nicht getroffen, wird die Zuhaltung blockiert, so dass das bewegliche Teil nicht geöffnet werden kann. Bei einer derartigen Zuhaltung handelt es sich um ein Sicherheits-Bauteil, das eine Messeinrichtung der potenziellen Zuhaltekräfte aufweisen muss, um diese Zuhaltung in sicherheitsgerichteten Zuhaltungssystemen einsetzen zu können.In the case of machines or systems, for example in manufacturing technology, it is necessary for safety reasons for operators to arrange the machines or systems within a space or area separated from the environment in which no person is present during operation of the machine or system may or no person can reach into it. The access, for example, for cleaning or maintenance work is ensured by a closable opening in which a movable part, such as a door, flap, lid or the like, with respect to a fixed part, such as a fixed wall, is movable. That or the moving Parts can be opened or closed by swiveling or pushing. A tumbler blocks or locks the closed state of the opening, so that access to the machine or system is only possible if the locking or blocking of the closed state is canceled. If a standstill of the machine system is signaled to a controller, for example via the standstill monitor, it releases the guard locking so that the room area can be opened. If at least parts of the mechanical system do not stand still, or if precautions otherwise to be taken are not taken before the movable part is opened, the tumbler is blocked, so that the movable part can not be opened. Such a tumbler is a safety component that must have a measuring device of the potential locking forces in order to use this guard locking in safety-related locking systems.
Aus
Zur Messung des Magnetfelds kann bei der bekannten Zuhaltung eine Frequenzüberwachung des Schaltnetzteiles zur Erregung des Kerns des Elektromagneten mit Konstantstrom vorgesehen sein. Je nach Sättigung, also Feldlinien pro Flächeneinheit, ändert sich die für die Aufrechterhaltung des magnetischen Flusses benötigte Zeit zum "Nachladen" der Spule, um den Konstantstrom aufrecht zu erhalten. Durch die Überwachung der Frequenz des benötigten Schaltnetzteiles für den Elektromagneten ist damit eine Aussage über die potenzielle Zuhaltekraft möglich.To measure the magnetic field can be provided in the known tumbler frequency monitoring of the switching power supply to excite the core of the electromagnet with constant current. Depending on the saturation, ie field lines per unit area, the time required to maintain the magnetic flux changes to "recharge" the coil to maintain the constant current. By monitoring the frequency of the required switching power supply for the electromagnet so that a statement about the potential clamping force is possible.
Bei der aus
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Zuhaltung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 zu schaffen, bei der eine ständige Strom- bzw. Spannungsbeaufschlagung zum Ausüben der Zuhaltekraft entfallen kann und die mit einfachen Mitteln aufgebaut und dabei dennoch sicher ist. Die Funktion des Zuhaltens soll auch im stromlosen Zustand sichergestellt sein, wobei auch große Zuhaltekräfte mit konstruktiv einfachen Mitteln kostengünstig und wartungsarm, insbesondere unter dem Hygiene-Gesichtspunkt, geschaffen werden sollen. Die Zuhaltung als Sicherheits-Bauteil soll so klein sein, dass sie bei Klappen sowie Türen und dergleichen eingesetzt werden kann, wobei trotzdem mit hinreichender Sicherheit auf die Zuhaltekraft geschlossen werden kann.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a tumbler according to the preamble of claim 1, in which a constant current or voltage application for exerting the clamping force can be omitted and constructed with simple means while still being safe. The function of locking should also be ensured in the de-energized state, with large locking forces with structurally simple means cost and low maintenance, especially from the hygiene point of view to be created. The tumbler as a safety component should be so small that it can be used in flaps and doors and the like, while still can be concluded with sufficient certainty on the locking force.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 1.
Hierdurch wird eine Zuhaltung als Sicherheits-Bauteil zum Verschließen einer Öffnung, die ein bewegliches Teil und einen feststehenden Teil beinhaltet, geschaffen, die einen Magnetkreis umfasst. Der Magnetkreis weist ein Joch und einen mit dem Joch verschließbaren Magneten auf, wobei die magnetische Wirkung des Magneten auf das Joch veränderbar ist. Das Joch ist an dem beweglichen Teil und der Magnet ist an dem feststehenden Teil befestigbar. Der mit dem Joch verschließbare Magnet weist mindestens zwei Polschuhe auf, an denen die magnetischen Feldlinien in einer definierten Form heraustreten können. Es ist zudem mindestens ein die Polschuhe verbindender Schaltmagnet vorgesehen. Die "Verbindung" der Polschuhe über den Schaltmagneten erfolgt derart, dass der Schaltmagnet eine Magnetisierungsrichtung längs der Verbindung der beiden Polschuhe aufweist, wobei die Orientierung um 180° veränderbar ist. Die Richtung des Magnetfelds bleibt bei der Änderung der Orientierung gleich. Veranschaulicht an einem durch einen Pfeil dargestellten Vektor, gibt in dieser Darstellung die Lage der Pfeilspitze die Orientierung des Vektors an und der Pfeilschaft seine Richtung. Da beim Magnetfeld die Orientierung der Feldlinien durch die Lage definiert ist, in die der Nordpol einer Kompassnadel zeigt, schwenkt eine gedachte Kompassnadel zum Anzeigen des Magnetfelds des Schaltmagneten bei einer Ummagnetisierung desselben um 180°. Durch den Schaltmagneten ist es möglich, den Verlauf der Magnetfeldlinien in den Polschuhen und insbesondere an den dem Joch zugewandten Enden zu verändern. In einer der beiden Magnetisierungsorientierungen des Schaltmagneten treten Magnetfeldlinien im Wesentlichen nicht aus den Polschuhen aus, sondern der magnetische Fluss wird durch den Schaltmagneten im Magneten "kurzgeschlossen".As a result, a tumbler is provided as a security member for closing an opening including a movable part and a fixed part comprising a magnetic circuit. The magnetic circuit has a yoke and a lockable with the yoke magnet, wherein the magnetic effect of the magnet is changeable to the yoke. The yoke is attached to the movable part and the magnet is attachable to the fixed part. The magnet which can be closed with the yoke has at least two pole shoes on which the magnetic field lines can emerge in a defined shape. In addition, at least one switching magnet connecting the pole shoes is provided. The "connection" of the pole pieces via the switching magnet is such that the switching magnet has a magnetization direction along the connection of the two pole pieces, wherein the orientation can be changed by 180 °. The direction of the magnetic field remains the same when the orientation changes. Illustrated in a vector represented by an arrow, in this illustration, the position of the arrowhead indicates the orientation of the vector and the arrow shaft indicates its direction. Since the magnetic field, the orientation of the field lines is defined by the position in which the north pole of a compass needle points, pivots an imaginary compass needle for displaying the magnetic field of the switching magnet in a Ummagnetisierung same by 180 °. By the switching magnet, it is possible to change the course of the magnetic field lines in the pole pieces and in particular at the ends facing the yoke. In one of the two magnetization orientations of the switching magnet, magnetic field lines essentially do not emerge from the pole shoes, but the magnetic flux is "short-circuited" by the switching magnet in the magnet.
Durch die Schaltmagnete kann der magnetische Fluss definiert aus den Polschuhen heraus "aus-" und "abgeschaltet" werden, so dass die Magnetwirkung des Magneten "ein-" und "ausschaltbar" ist. Der durch das Joch verschließbare Magnet wirkt als ein Magnetsystem mit Dauermagnet und Schaltmagnet, das stromlos eine hohe Zuhaltekraft auf das Joch ausüben kann, die zeitunabhängig ist, wobei durch den mindestens einen Schaltmagneten die Magnetkraft des Magnetsystems ein- und ausschaltbar ist. Für einen Wechsel zwischen einer Blockierung der Zuhaltung und der Aufhebung der Blockierung der Zuhaltung ist lediglich eine Ummagnetisierung des oder der Schaltmagnete erforderlich.By means of the switching magnets, the magnetic flux defined can be "switched off" and "switched off" from the pole shoes, so that the magnetic effect of the magnet can be switched "on" and "off". The closable by the yoke magnet acts as a magnet system with permanent magnet and solenoid, which can exert a high clamping force on the yoke, which is time-independent, whereby the magnetic force of the magnet system can be switched on and off by the at least one switching magnet. For a change between a blocking of the tumbler and the lifting of the blocking of the tumbler only a re-magnetization of the one or more solenoids is required.
An einer Spule, die den Magneten zumindest in einem Abschnitt umgibt, ist die Magnetisierung des Magnetsystems über die Sättigung als Maß für den magnetischen Fluss messbar, indem eine Frequenz der Spule, die von der Sättigung des Abschnitts des Magneten als Kern der Spule variiert wird, erfasst wird. Die Frequenzmessung der den Abschnitt des Magneten umgebenden Spule macht eine verlässliche Aussage mit hinreichender Sicherheit darüber, ob die Zuhaltekraft ausreicht, und erlaubt, dass die Zuhaltung in einem sicherheitsgerichteten Bauteil verwendet werden kann. Die Spule, deren Frequenz gemessen wird, ist vorzugsweise als frequenzbestimmender Bestandteil eines Oszillators ausgebildet. Durch die Änderung der Sättigung im Eisen wird die Induktivität der Spule und damit auch die Frequenz des Schwingkreises verändert. Es ist eine Rückkopplungsmöglichkeit gegeben, wodurch ein Eingangssignal an die Steuerung der Zuhaltung als Ergebnis der Frequenzmessung gegeben werden kann, das als Funktionswert ausgestaltet ist, um der Steuerung mit dem Eingangssignal mitzuteilen, ob die Zuhaltekraft erreicht wird. Soll die Zuhaltung ein Öffnen des Raumbereichs blockieren und reicht die Zuhaltekraft nicht aus, so kann mit dem Signal an die Steuerung eine Rückmeldung erfolgen, und die Steuerung kann nun die maschinelle Anlage in einen sicheren Zustand überführen, d.h. ein Stillstehen der maschinellen Anlage. Aufgrund des symmetrischen Aufbaus des Magnetsystems reicht die Erfassung des magnetischen Flusses innerhalb eines Polschuhs des Magnetsystems aus, es kann jedoch auch aus Gründen der Redundanz vorgesehen sein, den magnetischen Fluss an mehreren Polschuhen zu erfassen. Sofern das Eisen im Bereich der Sättigung magnetisiert ist, ändert sich die Frequenz der Spule in diesem Bereich der Magnetisierung so stark, dass man bereits einen Spalt zwischen Magnetsystem und Joch von 10 µm deutlich detektieren kann. Selbst wenn ein derartiger Spalt in dieser Größenordnung detektiert wird, so liegt die potenzielle Zuhaltekraft immer noch weit über der für die Zuhaltung garantierten Zuhaltekraft.On a coil that surrounds the magnet at least in one section, the magnetization of the magnet system is measurable via saturation as a measure of the magnetic flux by varying a frequency of the coil that is varied from the saturation of the portion of the magnet as the core of the coil. detected becomes. The frequency measurement of the coil surrounding the section of the magnet makes a reliable statement with sufficient certainty as to whether the clamping force is sufficient and allows the tumbler to be used in a safety-related component. The coil whose frequency is measured is preferably designed as a frequency-determining component of an oscillator. By changing the saturation in the iron, the inductance of the coil and thus the frequency of the resonant circuit is changed. A feedback capability is provided whereby an input signal may be applied to the tumbler control as a result of the frequency measurement configured as a function value to notify the controller with the input signal as to whether the clamping force is being achieved. If the tumbler block an opening of the room area and the locking force is insufficient, a feedback can be sent with the signal to the control, and the control can now transfer the machine system to a safe state, ie a standstill of the machine system. Due to the symmetrical structure of the magnet system, the detection of the magnetic flux within a pole piece of the magnet system is sufficient, but it may also be provided for reasons of redundancy to detect the magnetic flux at a plurality of pole pieces. If the iron is magnetized in the region of saturation, the frequency of the coil in this area of the magnetization changes so much that it is already possible to clearly detect a gap between magnet system and yoke of 10 μm. Even if such a gap of this magnitude is detected, the potential locking force is still far above the locking force guaranteed for the guard locking.
Bevorzugt sind Dauermagnet und Schaltmagnet des Magneten bzw. des Magnetsystems in einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel im Wesentlichen längs versetzt zueinander angeordnet, und die Polschuhe sind als dazu quer verlaufende Körper aus weichmagnetischem Material ausgestaltet.Preferably, the permanent magnet and the switching magnet of the magnet or of the magnet system are arranged in a first exemplary embodiment substantially offset from each other in a longitudinal direction, and the pole shoes are designed as bodies of soft magnetic material extending transversely thereto.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung können die Polschuhe als Dauermagneten ausgestaltet sein, wobei benachbarte Polschuhe je eine andere Magnetisierungsorientierung aufweisen und je ein Schaltmagnet zwischen den Polschuhen, vorzugsweise an dem dem Joch zugewandten Ende der Polschuhe, angeordnet ist, und die Dauermagnete an einem weichmagnetischen Material angeordnet sind für einen magnetischen Rückschluss an der dem Schaltmagnet entgegengesetzten Seite, so dass ein einfacher Magnetfeldlinienverlauf gebildet ist. Das "Abschalten" des magnetischen Flusses ist beispielsweise in der weiteren Ausgestaltung dann der Fall, wenn der Schaltmagnet so magnetisiert ist, dass er einen magnetischen Nordpol an dem Dauermagneten hat, der als Polschuh einen magnetischen Südpol aufweist, und einen magnetischen Südpol hat an dem Dauermagneten, der als Polschuh einen magnetischen Nordpol aufweist. Das Magnetfeld tritt dann im Wesentlichen nicht aus den Polschuhen, wenn also der Schaltmagnet so magnetisiert ist, dass er eine entgegengesetzte Polarität an den Enden zu den Polschuhen aufweist. Anders verhält es sich, wenn der Schaltmagnet mit gleicher Polarität an den Enden zu den Polschuhen magnetisiert ist. Dann weist der Schaltmagnet einen magnetischen Südpol an dem Dauermagneten auf, dessen Polschuh einen magnetischen Südpol bildet und einen magnetischen Nordpol an dem Dauermagneten, dessen Polschuh einen magnetischen Nordpol bildet. Die Magnetfeldlinien werden im letztgenannten Fall "aus dem Schaltmagneten herausgedrängt" und treten durch die Polschuhe aus. Ein anwesendes Joch kann bei der entgegengesetzten Polarität durch die Polschuhe angezogen werden.In a further embodiment, the pole shoes may be configured as permanent magnets, wherein adjacent pole pieces each have a different magnetization orientation and a respective switching magnet between the pole pieces, preferably at the yoke facing end of the pole pieces, is arranged, and the permanent magnets are arranged on a soft magnetic material for a magnetic return on the opposite side of the solenoid, so that a simple magnetic field line is formed. The "turning off" of the magnetic flux is for example in the further embodiment, then the case when the solenoid is magnetized so that it has a magnetic north pole on the permanent magnet, which has a magnetic pole south pole, and a magnetic south pole has on the permanent magnet , which has a magnetic north pole as pole piece. The magnetic field then essentially does not emerge from the pole pieces, that is to say when the switching magnet is magnetized in such a way that it has an opposite polarity at the ends to the pole shoes. The situation is different if the switching magnet with the same polarity is magnetized at the ends to the pole shoes. Then, the solenoid has a magnetic south pole on the permanent magnet, the pole piece forms a magnetic south pole and a magnetic north pole on the permanent magnet, the pole piece forms a magnetic north pole. In the latter case, the magnetic field lines are "pushed out of the switching magnet" and exit through the pole shoes. A yoke present can be attracted by the pole pieces in the opposite polarity.
Bevorzugt weist der Magnet in der weiteren Ausfürungsform eine alternierende Abfolge von Dauermagnet und Schaltmagnet auf, die mit einem Dauermagneten beginnt und endet, wobei benachbarte Dauermagnete mit entgegengesetzter Orientierung magnetisiert sind. Durch diese Ausgestaltung können hohe Zuhaltekräfte realisiert werden. Zudem ist eine Möglichkeit gegeben, über eine gewisse räumliche Länge der Bauteile eine Magnetkraft aufzubauen. Dies kann beispielsweise wünschenswert sein bei nicht verwindungsfreien bzw. keinen festen Rahmen aufweisenden Türen, Klappen oder dergleichen.Preferably, in the further embodiment, the magnet has an alternating sequence of permanent magnet and switching magnet, which starts and ends with a permanent magnet, wherein adjacent permanent magnets are magnetized in opposite orientation. By this configuration, high clamping forces can be realized. In addition, a possibility is given to build a magnetic force over a certain spatial length of the components. This can For example, be desirable in non-warp or no fixed frame having doors, flaps or the like.
Vorzugsweise weisen die Dauermagnete einen Seltenerd- oder Neodym-Magnetwerkstoff auf. Dadurch ist es möglich, einen hartmagnetischen Werkstoff zu verwenden, der herausragende Eigenschaften als Dauermagnet besitzt. Der Magnetwerkstoff Neodym-Eisen-Bor wird eingesetzt, um starke Magnetfelder bei kleinem Volumen zu erzeugen. Der Magnetwerkstoff weist hohe Koerzitivfeldstärken von 870 bis 2750 kA/m bei Raumtemperatur auf und ist verhältnismäßig preiswert.Preferably, the permanent magnets on a rare earth or neodymium magnetic material. Thereby, it is possible to use a hard magnetic material which has excellent properties as a permanent magnet. The magnetic material neodymium-iron-boron is used to generate strong magnetic fields in a small volume. The magnetic material has high coercivities of 870 to 2750 kA / m at room temperature and is relatively inexpensive.
Vorzugsweise umfasst der Schaltmagnet einen AiNiCo-Magnetwerkstoff, der von einer strombeaufschlagbaren Wicklung umgeben ist. Durch die Verwendung eines AiNiCo-Magnetwerkstoffs ist die Möglichkeit gegeben, einen leichtummagnetisierbaren Magnetwerkstoff zu verwenden, bei dem es auf die Erzeugung besonders hoher Magnetfelder nicht ankommt. Ferner ist durch die den AlNiCo-Magnetwerkstoff in Längsrichtung umgebende strombeaufschlagbare Wicklung eine einfache Möglichkeit der Ummagnetisierung gegeben, die baulich einfach, kompakt und wartungsarm ist.Preferably, the solenoid comprises an AiNiCo magnetic material, which is surrounded by a current-carrying winding. By using an AiNiCo magnet material, it is possible to use a magnetizable magnetizable material, which does not depend on the generation of particularly high magnetic fields. Furthermore, given by the AlNiCo magnetic material in the longitudinal direction surrounding current-carrying winding a simple way of remagnetization, which is structurally simple, compact and low maintenance.
Als Spule, die für die Erfassung der Sättigung über die Frequenzmessung vorgesehen ist, kann die Wicklung des Schaltmagneten verwendet werden, wodurch der Aufbau der Zuhaltung vereinfacht ist und möglichst wenig Bauteile vorhanden sind und zudem eine Verkabelung derselben reduziert wird.As a coil, which is provided for the detection of the saturation via the frequency measurement, the winding of the solenoid can be used, whereby the structure of the tumbler is simplified and as few components are present and also a wiring of the same is reduced.
Es kann vorzugsweise auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Spule für die Erfassung der Sättigung des Magneten im Bereich des dem Joch zugewandten Endes eines Polschuhs angeordnet ist. Damit ist eine weitere Spule neben der Wicklung für den Schaltmagneten vorgesehen, die die Erfassung der Sättigung alternativ oder zusätzlich zu einer Erfassung der Sättigung über die Wicklung eines Schaltmagneten vornimmt. So kann beispielsweise eine sicherheitsgerichtete redundante Erfassung vorgenommen werden. Es kann Fälle geben, in denen der Messung an den Polschuhen der Vorzug gegeben wird, da hier die Sättigung erfasst wird, die ein direktes Maß für die aus dem Magneten austretende Magnetfeldliniendichte ist.It can preferably also be provided that the coil for detecting the saturation of the magnet in the region of the yoke facing the end of a pole piece is arranged. Thus, a further coil is provided in addition to the winding for the switching magnet, which makes the detection of saturation alternatively or in addition to a detection of saturation via the winding of a solenoid. For example, a safety-related redundant detection are made. There may be cases where preference is given to the measurement on the pole pieces, as this is where the saturation is detected, which is a direct measure of the magnetic field line density exiting the magnet.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der in den beigefügten Abbildungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.
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Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zuhaltung im entriegelten bzw. freigegebenen Zustand; -
Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch das Ausführungsbeispiel vonFig. 1 im verriegelten bzw. blockierten Zustand; -
Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zuhaltung im entriegelten bzw. freigegebenen Zustand; -
Fig. 4 zeigt schematisch das weitere Ausführungsbeispiel vonFig. 3 im verriegelten bzw. blockierten Zustand.
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Fig. 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a tumbler according to the invention in the unlocked or released state; -
Fig. 2 schematically shows the embodiment ofFig. 1 in the locked or blocked state; -
Fig. 3 shows schematically a further embodiment of a tumbler according to the invention in the unlocked or released state; -
Fig. 4 schematically shows the further embodiment ofFig. 3 in the locked or blocked state.
An dem beweglichen Teil 1 ist ein Joch 3 aus weichmagnetischem Material angebracht, das bei verschlossener Öffnung an einem Magneten 4 anliegt und diesen verschließt. Der Magnet 4 weist einen Dauermagneten 5 auf, der langgestreckt ist und Polschuhe 6 des Magneten 4 verbindet, aus denen gestrichelt dargestellte Magnetfeldlinien austreten können, die sich bei geschlossener Öffnung durch das Joch 3 erstrecken und wieder durch einen Polschuh 6 in den Magneten 4 hineintreten können (siehe
Zwischen den Polschuhen 6 ist ein Schaltmagnet 7 angeordnet. Die Anordnung von Dauermagnet 5 und Schaltmagnet 7 zwischen den Polschuhen 6 ist derart, dass benachbart zum einen Ende des Polschuhs 6 der Dauermagnet 5 die Polschuhe verbindet und benachbart zum anderen Ende der Polschuhe 6 der Schaltmagnet 7 die Polschuhe 6 verbindet. Der Schaltmagnet 7 ist ein leicht ummagnetisierbarer Dauermagnet, der in Richtung der Verbindung der Polschuhe 6 magnetisiert ist, wobei die Orientierung des Magnetfeldes jedoch veränderbar ist. Der Schaltmagnet 7 weist einen AlNiCo-Magnetwerkstoff auf.Between the
Im in
Die Magnetisierungsorientierung des Schaltmagneten 7 ist veränderbar über eine den Magnetwerkstoff des Schaltmagneten 7 umgebende Wicklung 8, indem durch einen äußeren Stromimpuls der Schaltmagnet 7 in seiner magnetischen Orientierung umgepolt werden kann. Die Wicklung 8 ist als Spule ausgestaltet, deren Längsachse mit der Längsachse des hartmagnetischen Materials des Schaltmagneten 7 nebeneinander verläuft oder zusammenfällt. Eine Umpolung bzw. Beaufschlagung der Wicklung 8 mit einem Stromimpuls wird durch den Übergang von
In
Der in
An einem Polschuh 6 ist die Magnetisierung des Magneten 4 bzw. Magnetsystems mit seiner Wirkung auf das Joch 3 über die Sättigung als Maß für den magnetischen Fluss messbar. Dazu ist an einem Polschuh 6 eine Wicklung bzw. Spule 9 vorgesehen, deren Frequenz erfasst wird. Die Frequenz ist eine Funktion der Sättigung des Polschuhs 6 als Kern der Spule 9. Die Frequenz wird demnach in Abhängigkeit von der Sättigung des Polschuhs 6 variiert. Die Frequenzmessung der den Polschuh 6 umgebenden Spule 9 macht eine verlässliche Aussage mit hinreichender Sicherheit darüber, ob die Zuhaltekraft der Zuhaltung ausreicht. Die Spule wird als frequenzbestimmender Bestandteil eines Oszillators verwendet. Durch die Sättigung im Eisen wird die Induktivität der Spule 9 und damit auch die Frequenz des Schwingkreises variiert. Die Frequenz ändert sich im Bereich der Sättigung so stark, dass bereits ein Spalt zwischen Polschuh 6 und Joch 3 von 10 µm deutlich detektiert werden kann. Dabei liegt die potenzielle Zuhaltekraft immer noch weit über der garantierten Zuhaltekraft. Wenn man für die Spule 9 einen maximalen Strom von 300 mA festlegt und eine Zuhaltekraft von 500 N haben möchte, liegt der Abschaltpunkt bei einem Spaltmaß von ungefähr 50 µm.At a
In dem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel werden die Polschuhe 6 des Magneten 4 durch Dauermagnete bzw. Permanentmagnete mit einem hartmagnetischen Magnetwerkstoff gebildet. Die Dauermagnete sind in Längsrichtung bzw. in der Erstreckung der Polschuhe 6 magnetisiert. Die Dauermagnete weisen als Magnetwerkstoff Neodym-Eisen-Bor auf.In the further embodiment, the
Benachbarte Polschuhe 6 bzw. Dauermagnete sind in unterschiedlicher Orientierung magnetisiert. Während beim in der
Die als Dauermagnete ausgestalteten Polschuhe 6 des weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels sind auf einem plattenförmigen weichmagnetischen Material angeordnet, das in dem dargestellten weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine Stahlplatte 10 gebildet ist. Die drei in
Zwischen den als Dauermagneten ausgestalteten Polschuhen 6 sind wieder Schaltmagnete 7 angeordnet, die die Dauermagnete im Bereich der dem Joch zugewandten Enden verbinden. Wie im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Schaltmagnete 7 leicht ummagnetisierbare Dauermagnete, die in Richtung der Verbindung der Polschuhe 6 magnetisiert sind, deren Orientierung jedoch veränderbar ist. Die Magnetisierung der Schaltmagnete 7 verläuft quer zur Magnetisierung der als Dauermagnete ausgestalteten Polschuhe 6. Die Schaltmagnete 7 weisen einen AlNiCo-Magnetwerkstoff auf.
Im in
In
Wie im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Magnetisierungsorientierung der Schaltmagnete 7 veränderbar über eine den Magnetwerkstoff des Schaltmagneten 7 umgebende Wicklung 8, indem durch einen (kurzen) äußeren Stromimpuls der Schaltmagnet 7 in seiner magnetischen Orientierung umgepolt werden kann. Das Magnetfeld des Schaltmagneten 7 ist in seiner magnetischen Orientierung zwischen den
In
Im in
Die Magnetfeldlinien treten aus den Polschuhen 6 aus, treten in das Joch 3 ein und treten vom Joch 3 wieder in den nächsten benachbarten Polschuh 6 ein. Der Magnet 4 bildet ein Magnetsystem, aus dem die Magnetfeldlinien in das Joch 3 austreten und wieder eintreten können. Durch die alternierende Abfolge mit entgegengesetzt magnetisierten Polschuhen 6 werden sich verstärkende Magnetflüsse mit unterschiedlichem Umlaufsinn geschaffen. In einem Paar benachbarter Polschuhe 6 mit zugehörigem Schaltmagneten 7 liegt ein anderer Umlaufsinn des Magnetflusses vor als im nächsten benachbarten Paar von Polschuhen 6 und Schaltmagnet 7. In
Auch im weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel ist an einem Polschuh 6 die Spule 9 vorgesehen, deren Frequenz erfasst wird, so dass eine verlässliche Aussage mit hinreichender Sicherheit darüber gemacht werden kann, ob die Zuhaltekraft der Zuhaltung ausreicht.Also in the further embodiment, the
Bei beiden Ausführungsbeispielen ist es möglich, dass über die Wicklungen 8 der Schaltmagnete 7 eine Ummagnetisierung derart erfolgen kann, dass das hartmagnetische Material der Schaltmagnete 7 derart "durchmagnetisiert" wird, dass das Magnetfeld an den Polschuhen 6 in der Magnetisierungsrichtung bei abgeschalteter Zuhaltung gerade aufgehoben wird. Damit wird keine Kraft bei abgeschalteter Zuhaltung, bzw. "abgeschaltetem" Magneten 4 auf das Joch 3 ausgeübt, und die Polschuhe sind zudem feldfrei und können nicht durch ferromagnetische Schmutzteilchen zugesetzt werden.In both embodiments, it is possible that via the
Wird dagegen das hartmagnetische Material des Schaltmagneten 7 bei der Aufhebung der Blockierung der Zuhaltung nicht vollständig "durchmagnetisiert", kann eine "Schnäpperfunktion" mit einstellbarer Kraft verwirklicht werden. Es wirkt der Magnet 4 als Magnetsystem mit einer Resthaltekraft auf das Joch 3. Zur Reinigung der Polschuhe des Magneten 4 kann nach dem Erkennen des Öffnens der Zuhaltung das hartmagnetische Material des Schaltmagneten 8 noch einmal vollständig "durchmagnetisiert" werden, um die restliche Magnetisierung der Polschuhe zu unterbinden.If, on the other hand, the hard magnetic material of the
Die Magnetisierung der Schaltmagnete 7 wird durch eine nicht in den Figuren dargestellte Steuerung gesteuert, die beispielsweise mit Sensoren gekoppelt ist, die einen Stillstand der im Raumbereich befindlichen Maschine bzw. Anlage bzw. das Vorhandensein eines Gefahrenpotentials für Personen von der Maschine bzw. der Anlage detektieren und die Schaltmagnete 7 entsprechend magnetisiert, so dass die Zuhaltung blockiert bzw. freigegeben wird. Zudem kann der Steuerung von einem oder mehreren entsprechenden Detektoren übermittelt werden, ob die Öffnung geschlossen ist. Die Steuerung gibt dann der Anlage bzw. Maschine ein Signal, ob sie gestartet werden kann, oder ob ihrerseits die Freigabe durch die Steuerung der Zuhaltung nicht vorliegt, da die Öffnung noch offen ist und der Zugriff bzw. Zugang von Personen noch möglich ist.The magnetization of the switching
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DE102009037036A DE102009037036A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 | 2009-08-13 | Tumbler for closing an opening |
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EP2284341A2 true EP2284341A2 (en) | 2011-02-16 |
EP2284341A3 EP2284341A3 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
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EP09011489.3A Active EP2284340B1 (en) | 2009-08-13 | 2009-09-08 | Magnetic catch for closure of an opening |
EP10008400.3A Active EP2284341B1 (en) | 2009-08-13 | 2010-08-12 | Fastener for locking an opening |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US10717390B2 (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2020-07-21 | Shanghai Yanfeng Jinqiao Automotive Trim Systems Co. Ltd. | Console assembly for vehicle interior |
US11572723B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2023-02-07 | Shanghai Yanfeng Jinqiao Automotive Triim Systems Co. Ltd. | Vehicle interior component |
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EP2731119A1 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-14 | Sony Corporation | Magnetic circuit and key input device |
DE202013103327U1 (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2014-10-27 | BROSE SCHLIEßSYSTEME GMBH & CO. KG | Motor vehicle lock |
US9347247B2 (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2016-05-24 | General Electric Company | Latch assembly |
DE102013225347A1 (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-06-11 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Household appliance with a closure device |
DE202014006319U1 (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2015-11-11 | Bks Gmbh | Locking device with at least one electronic consumer |
CZ2015653A3 (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-04-19 | Rawa Design S.R.O. | A magnetic joint |
SE541388C2 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-09-10 | Assa Abloy Ab | Actuator comprising electro permanent magnet and method |
DE102017130837A1 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | System, measuring device and method for detecting a closing state |
DE112018006072T5 (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-09-24 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Z-AXIS MAGNETIC SENSOR WITH DISTRIBUTED FLOW LADDERS |
FR3079126A1 (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-09-27 | Daan Technologies | AUTOMATIC MAGNETIC OPENING DEVICE FOR DISHWASHER. |
SE546080C2 (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2024-05-14 | Assa Abloy Ab | Brake device, arrangement for controlling movements of access member, and access member system |
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DE1802116U (en) | 1959-10-29 | 1959-12-10 | Friedrich Wilhelm Dipl Willach | MAGNETIC CLOSURE FOR FURNITURE AND ROOM DOORS, FLAPS AND THE LIKE. CLOSING ORGANS. |
IT1022923B (en) * | 1974-10-16 | 1978-04-20 | Cardone Magneto Tecnica | MAGNETIC ANCHORING EQUIPMENT |
WO1997003912A1 (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-02-06 | Railfix N.V. | System for manoeuvring a magnetic load, in particular a ferromagnetic load |
GB0320950D0 (en) * | 2003-09-06 | 2003-10-08 | R W L Consulatants Ltd | Magnetic safety interlock and monitoring circuit |
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DE102007047537A1 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2009-04-16 | Ebe Elektro-Bau-Elemente Gmbh | Device for releasably locking relatively movable parts |
US8094017B2 (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2012-01-10 | Securitron Magnalock Corporation | Electromagnetic lock monitoring system |
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2009
- 2009-08-13 DE DE102009037036A patent/DE102009037036A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-09-08 EP EP09011489.3A patent/EP2284340B1/en active Active
- 2009-09-08 ES ES09011489.3T patent/ES2454271T3/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-08-12 EP EP10008400.3A patent/EP2284341B1/en active Active
- 2010-08-12 ES ES10008400.3T patent/ES2452140T3/en active Active
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DE19953898A1 (en) | 1999-11-10 | 2001-08-09 | Schmersal K A Gmbh & Co | Device for guarding against access in areas on machines or machine equipment includes a control device to control its ability to switch on and off. |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10717390B2 (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2020-07-21 | Shanghai Yanfeng Jinqiao Automotive Trim Systems Co. Ltd. | Console assembly for vehicle interior |
US10737628B2 (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2020-08-11 | Shanghai Yanfeng Jinqiao Automotive Trim Systems Co. Ltd. | Console assembly for vehicle interior |
US11572723B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2023-02-07 | Shanghai Yanfeng Jinqiao Automotive Triim Systems Co. Ltd. | Vehicle interior component |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2284341B1 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
EP2284340A3 (en) | 2011-06-01 |
ES2454271T3 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
EP2284341A3 (en) | 2011-06-08 |
EP2284340B1 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
ES2452140T3 (en) | 2014-03-31 |
EP2284340A2 (en) | 2011-02-16 |
DE102009037036A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
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