DE102019116541B4 - Tumbler and a method for operating a tumbler - Google Patents

Abstract

Tumbler (6), with - a first excitation coil (12) for generating a first magnetic field, - a second excitation coil (14) for generating a second magnetic field, and - a locking element (16) which has at least one ferromagnetic core section (20) and can be moved by means of the first and/or the second magnetic field between a first and a second position, one of the two layers corresponding to a locking position, - the core section (20) in the first position being further within the first excitation coil (12 ) is arranged than in the second layer, and - wherein the core section (20) in the second layer is arranged further within the second excitation coil (14) than in the first position, wherein - a detection device is connected to the first excitation coil (12). , wherein the detection device is designed to determine the inductance of the first excitation coil (12) and to process the determined inductance to output a detection signal which indicates whether the locking element (16) is in the first position, and wherein - the detection device is also on the second excitation coil (14) is connected and is designed to determine the inductance of the second excitation coil (14).

Description

The invention relates to a tumbler for closing or locking or opening an access protection device and a method for operating such a tumbler.

Tumblers can be found, for example, on doors, gates, windows, flaps and hatches. A particular area of application of the invention is safety tumblers for use in automation technology on access protection devices as part of a locking mechanism.

Bistable lifting magnets are known which move a shut-off element into a locked or open state using magnetic forces. Such a bistable lifting magnet is, for example, from DE 10 2011 108464 A1 known. This shows a bistable lifting magnet for steering locking, having a housing and means arranged within the housing for electromagnetically driving a plunger mounted in a linearly movable manner in the housing in a first direction and in a second direction up to corresponding end positions. Furthermore, such a bistable lifting magnet comprises at least one holding means for fixing the position of the plunger in the two end positions and a mechanical drive means which exerts a permanent additional driving or holding force in the first or second direction.

From the EP 891 271 B1 An electromagnetic lock is also known. The lock has a movable part, which is locked against rotation or displacement by means of a locking bolt. This locking pin engages in a recess in the movable part, with locking pins also being assigned to the locking pin. Locking bolts and locking pins are designed as anchors of an electromagnet, each designed as an energized coil. They are also pressurized by a spring. If a coil is energized, the locking bolt or the corresponding locking pin is pulled back into a release position against the spring force acting on it. When de-energized, the springs push the respective component into a locking position, with the locking pins also being designed to move in front of the locking bolt by means of the respective spring force when the coil is de-energized in order to hold it in the release position.

In addition, from the DE 60 2004 012 391 T2 a device for supplying electrical energy to a motor-operated lock is known. Galvanic contacts are provided on the door frame, which are connected to an electrical energy source. When the door is closed, the galvanic contacts come into contact with further galvanic contacts, which in turn are arranged on the door leaf and connected to the lock. When touched, an external control unit can then control the motorized lock.

Finally it's out of the EP 692 584 B1 a safe with lockers is known, each of which has a door element with a lock that is adjustable in a frame. The lock has a lockable main bolt and an electric drive in the form of a coil with a U-shaped iron core. The coil is assigned a definable locking bar. If a locker is to be opened, the drive is supplied with power. The locking bar is pulled onto one end face of the iron core and fixed in its position. The main bolt can then move relative to the locking bolt.

The invention is based on the object of proposing a tumbler and a method for operating it, which are simple and inexpensive and are suitable for locking security-relevant access devices.

The invention solves the problem by means of a tumbler according to claim 1 and a method for operating a tumbler according to claim 14. The dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments.

The tumbler according to the invention has a first excitation coil for generating a first magnetic field and a second excitation coil for generating a second magnetic field. The first and second excitation coils can, for example, be arranged axially relative to one another essentially over a central axis. The excitation coils can be wound in such a way that they each span a space. Together, these spaces can essentially be viewed as an interior space. The excitation coils can have identical or different numbers of windings and/or winding materials.

The tumbler according to the invention also has a locking element which has at least one ferromagnetic core section and can be moved between a first and a second position by means of the first and/or the second magnetic field, one of the two of which corresponds to a locking position. The locking element is preferably arranged at least partially in the interior space spanned by the excitation coils.

The locking element can be designed, for example, as an elongated body, which is preferably cylindrical, especially before has a circular cylindrical shape. A closure element can be arranged at one or both ends of the locking element. It is also conceivable that the locking element itself is designed as a locking element at one or both ends, for example as a locking bolt. An additional closure element can, for example, represent a locking piston, which is pushed or pulled out into a receiving counterpart by the movement of the locking element between the first and the second position and/or between the second and the first position and accordingly assume the locking position or a release position can. The locking element is preferably moved along the central axis. The locking element can be made from any metallic or non-metallic material, such as ferritic or austenitic steel, aluminum, plastics or composite materials.

The core section of the locking element is preferably arranged at least partially in at least one of the interior spaces. The core section is preferably made of strongly magnetic materials or materials with high magnetic permeability. Such materials are, for example, mu-metal, ferrites or other ferromagnetic materials. It is possible for the locking element to consist entirely of magnetizable materials, with the core section particularly preferably having a higher magnetic permeability than the rest of the locking element. It is possible for the locking element to have a casing made of one of the aforementioned materials in the area of the core section. The core section preferably has, at least in part, a larger diameter than the rest of the locking element.

The tumbler according to the invention is characterized in that the core section in the first position is arranged further within the first excitation coil than in the second position, and in that the core section in the second position is arranged further in the second excitation coil than in the first position . The core section is preferably shorter than the extent of the first and second excitation coils together in the direction of the center axis.

The tumbler according to the invention has a detection device which is connected to the first excitation coil, the detection device being designed at least to determine the inductance of the first excitation coil and to process the determined inductance to output a detection signal which indicates whether the locking element is in the first Location is located. Depending on the position of the locking element and thus the arrangement of the core section within the first excitation coil, its inductance changes. The core section functions, for example, as a coil core. By determining the inductance, it can be determined whether the locking element is in the first position.

To determine the inductance, the detection device can preferably apply a measuring voltage to the first excitation coil. The measuring voltage is preferably between 5V and 12V, particularly preferably between 6V and 8V. In addition, the detection device can include, for example, metrological devices which are designed at least for the time-dependent determination of a current intensity and/or a voltage. For this purpose, it is possible, for example, to record the voltage dropping across a measuring resistor assigned to at least the first excitation coil as a measured value in order to determine a value for the current strength from this. Furthermore, the detection device can include an evaluation device which, for example, can process the measured inductance and generate the detection signal from it. The detection signal can, for example, be designed as a continuous signal that can be detected at any time or as a discrete-time signal. The evaluation device can, for example, include one or more microcontrollers.

The tumbler according to the invention is characterized by a simpler design and an operating mode that is suitable for use as a safety-related tumbler. It also offers a cheap and universally applicable system with great reliability. Compared to known variants of tumblers without, for example, corresponding sensors, the tumbler according to the invention proves to be advantageous.

It is conceivable that the locking element, if it is not in the first position, is in an intermediate position or, for example, in a faulty state. Therefore, the lack of information that the locking element is in the first position, for example, does not necessarily indicate that the locking element is in the second position. The determination of the inductance of the second excitation coil can therefore be used as control information. According to the invention, the detection device is therefore also connected to the second excitation coil and is designed to determine the inductance of the second excitation coil. The detection device can, for example, also include the same means that were described above for measuring the first excitation coils for the second excitation coil. Furthermore, the detection device can preferably also apply a measuring voltage to the second excitation coil. It is also possible that the means for measuring the first excitation coil also for the measurement of the second excitation coil can be made usable. This has the advantage that a reliable statement about the position of the locking element can also be made in the second position. The detection signal can be generated, for example, from the combination of the information regarding both inductors.

In order to be able to classify the information displayed by the determined inductances, it can be helpful to compare the measured values of both excitation coils. For example, the known inductance of an excitation coil without a coil core (air coil) and the inductance of the same excitation coil with a core section completely in the corresponding interior can be used to calibrate the detection device. To this end, according to a further preferred embodiment, the detection device is designed to compare the determined inductances of both excitation coils with one or more reference values. This has the advantage that the reliability of the information of the detection signal or the position determination of the locking element is further increased.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the detection device is designed to determine, based on the comparisons, the detection signal which indicates whether the locking element is in the first or second position. This has the advantage that the detection device is able to make the display for determining the position of the locking element on the basis of a redundant double determination. For example, the information obtained from measuring and processing the value of the inductance of the first coil that the locking element is in the first position can be combined with the information obtained from measuring and processing the value of the inductance of the second coil that the locking element is not in the second position. Such a combination of information can significantly reduce the error rate in the detection signal.

It is generally possible for the magnetic fields generated by the first or second excitation coil to have the same or opposite directions and/or field strengths. For the movement of the locking element, the first and second magnetic fields are preferably rectified, the direction of the movement being adjustable depending on the current supply. According to a further preferred embodiment, the first excitation coil and the second excitation coil are connected in series and at least for a movement of the locking element, the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field have the same magnetic direction. This has the advantage that a force that is directed in the same direction by both excitation coils can be applied to move the locking element. At the same time, the size could be reduced by the preferred embodiment for an equivalent force compared to a variant in which only one excitation coil generates a movement.

So that the first and second excitation coils can be connected in series, but at the same time separate measurements can be carried out on both excitation coils by the detection device, according to a further preferred embodiment, a center tap is arranged between the first excitation coil and the second excitation coil. This has the advantage that the detection device in a sensory part of the circuit can work independently of an actuator part of the circuit to move the locking element. The detection device is preferably arranged at the center tap between the excitation coils connected in series in such a way that it forms sensory first and second measuring circuits that can be switched separately with the first and second excitation coils.

According to a further preferred embodiment, a permanent magnet is arranged between the first excitation coil and the second excitation coil. This has the advantage that the locking element can be held stably in the first or second position even without the influence of magnetic force.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the detection device is designed to determine the inductance of the first or second excitation coil by applying a measuring voltage to the first or second excitation coil to generate a first or a second measuring magnetic field, the first measuring magnetic field at least in the area of the first excitation coil Magnetic field of the permanent magnet is directed in the opposite direction, and wherein the second measuring magnetic field is directed in the opposite direction to the magnetic field of the permanent magnet at least in the area of the second excitation coil. This has the advantage that the measurement is carried out against potential magnetic saturation of the core section. If this is actually in saturation, the flux density only increases slightly when the magnetic field is increased further, while in the magnetically opposite direction to saturation, stronger gradients are decisive, which make sensitive sensory detection possible.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the detection device has means Generation of a measuring voltage and for current monitoring. This has the advantage that the generation and monitoring of all signals can easily be done in-situ. The current monitoring can preferably be arranged at the center tap behind the coils (low-side monitoring) and can take place in real time. The measuring voltage can, for example, be generated locally via a battery or accumulator or decentrally via a power supply. For low-side monitoring, for example, a measuring resistor, such as a shunt, can be connected between the load (excitation coil) and ground (GND). It is possible, for example, to apply a measuring voltage to the first or second measuring circuit individually and thereby generate a measuring magnetic field over an adjustable period of time in order to determine a current inductance. Because the first and second measuring circuits are separated, this measuring process can, for example, take place sequentially and continuously. Accordingly, successively determined values for the inductance can be used for mutual redundant control.

To measure a small voltage drop across a measuring resistor, it can be helpful to amplify this signal. The amplified measurement signal can then preferably be followed by a component which, after the measurement of an excitation coil in a corresponding measuring circuit, interrupts the measuring voltage so that the measured excitation coil can become demagnetized. According to a further preferred embodiment, the detection device has a differential amplifier and a threshold switch. The threshold switch can be designed, for example, as a Schmitt trigger.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the detection device has means for generating a first and a second inductance signal, the frequencies of which depend on the inductance of the first and second excitation coil. This has the advantage of a simple and, at the same time, safety-related redundant measuring principle with corresponding options for comparing the inductances.

The detection device can, for example, use the at least one microcontroller to record the measured values from the current monitoring and current values for the inductances. In a preferably time-dependent measurement, the threshold switch can be used to record the voltage falling across the measuring resistor from a lower threshold to an upper threshold increasing over time. This course can be particularly dependent on the current inductance of the measured excitation coil. When the upper threshold is reached, the threshold switch can switch off the measuring voltage. In the course of the demagnetization of the measured excitation coil, the current reaches, for example, the lower threshold value, in which case the measuring voltage is then switched on again and a new measurement can be carried out. The falling current preferably has the identical linear course as the rising current, whereby a measurement cycle can be completed when the lower threshold value is reached. This measurement cycle can, for example, be viewed as a period of a time-dependent inductance signal, which is preferably generated by the detection device in accordance with the respective time-dependent rise and fall of the correlating current measurement. The frequency of the inductance signal therefore indicates the value of the inductance and can be easily evaluated, for example using a counter. Such a measurement cycle can be viewed as a time-dependent variable, for example as a step size. This step size can, for example, be extended in accordance with the inductance of the measured excitation coil if the core section is arranged more strongly in this coil in a next run than before.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the first excitation coil, the second excitation coil and the permanent magnet are arranged in a housing designed as a magnetic yoke. This has the advantage that this arrangement enables the formation of bistable layers. For example, the locking element can also be guided through this housing, with the core section being arranged accordingly in the housing. The core section is preferably smaller than the housing. The housing can, for example, be designed such that the first excitation coil and the second excitation coil are each surrounded by the magnetic yoke.

In the first position or in the second position, the locking element can preferably contact the magnetic yoke with the core section in such a way that a magnetic circuit closes around the first excitation coil or around the second excitation coil. According to a further preferred embodiment, the magnetic yoke has a first stop and a second stop, on which the locking element is held in the first and second positions, respectively. This has the advantage that in the de-energized state, the locking element remains in the position assigned to it. The magnetic yoke can, for example, engage in the interior at each end, so that the core section abuts on the yoke, since, for example, the locking element has a correspondingly larger diameter at the point covered by the core section.

According to a further preferred embodiment, a control unit is connected to the first and/or the second excitation coil for applying a motion voltage or a motion current to move the locking element between the first and second positions. The movement voltage is preferably higher than a measuring voltage applied to determine the inductance and is, for example, preferably between 18V and 30V, particularly preferably between 22V and 26V. The control unit can be coupled to the detection device in such a way that a selection can be made between movement of the locking element and the determination of the inductance.

The method according to the invention for operating a tumbler, comprising a first excitation coil, a second excitation coil, and a locking element which has at least one core section, is characterized in that in actuator operation, the first excitation coil generates a first magnetic field, the second excitation coil generates a second magnetic field is generated, and the locking element is moved by means of the first and / or the second magnetic field between a first and a second position, one of the two layers corresponding to a locking position, the core section in the first position being further arranged within the first excitation coil is than in the second position, and wherein the core section in the second layer is arranged further within the second excitation coil than in the first position, and wherein for sensor operation a detection device is connected to the first excitation coil and also to the second excitation coil, which the Inductance of the first excitation coil and also the second excitation coil is determined and the determined inductance is processed to output a detection signal which indicates whether the locking element is in the first position or in the second position.

The detection device can comprise one or more microcontrollers as described above. It is possible for the measured value acquisition, the generation of the detection signal and/or the functions of the control unit to be taken over by a microcontroller with corresponding software sub-routines. For the generation of measurement and movement voltage, one or more external voltage sources can be provided, which can be controlled by the one microcontroller.

• 1,2 Schematische Ansicht einer Zuhaltung gemäß einer Ausführungsform in erster und zweiter Lage;
• 3 eine Schaltskizze eines Teils der Zuhaltung aus 1;
• 4 Darstellung des zeitlichen Verlaufs von Messgrößen aus 3.

Details of the invention are explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. Show it:

• 1 , 2 Schematic view of a tumbler according to an embodiment in the first and second position;
• 3 a circuit diagram of part of the guard locking 1 ;
• 4 Representation of the time course of measured variables 3 .

1 shows a tumbler 6 and illustrates the structure of a bistable lifting magnet 10 which is in engagement with a closure member 8. The bistable lifting magnet 10 is connected to an EMSR unit 26. The EMSR unit 26 includes a detection device and a control unit, both of which are not shown.

In the bistable lifting magnet 10, a first and a second excitation coil 12, 14 are designed to be rotationally symmetrical to a center axis M. These together span an interior in which an elongated circular cylindrical locking element 16 is arranged. The excitation coils 12, 14 are spaced apart from one another along the central axis M by a permanent magnet 18 located between them. The permanent magnet 18 consists of neodymium and is designed as a ring magnet with radial magnetization. As well as 1 shows, the south pole of the permanent magnets 18 is directed inwards towards the locking element 16, the north pole is directed outwards. Both excitation coils are of identical design. In this embodiment, they each have a winding made of copper wire with a number of windings of 804, although in other embodiments the number of windings can also be between 500 and 1200, for example.

The locking element 16 is movably mounted along the central axis M. It can be moved bidirectionally between a first layer and a second layer. In the first position ( 1 ), the locking element 16 is in a closed position and in engagement with the locking member 8. In the second position ( 2 ) the closure element 16 is in a release position and not in engagement with the closure member 8. If the bistable lifting magnet 10 is located, for example, on the frame of an access device, for example a security door, and the closure member 8 is on the access device itself, this results in in the first position according to the aforementioned scheme a lock and in the second position an unlocking of the access device.

In one area, the locking element 16 is firmly encased by a ferromagnetic core section 20. The core section 20 is made of Mu metal and measures approximately 120% of the extent of an excitation coil 12, 14 in the direction of the center axis M. The outer diameter of the core section d _K is approximately 180% of the diameter dv of the locking element. The core section 20 functions with respect to the first or the second excitation coil 12,14 like a coil core. In the first position, the core section 20 is arranged further within the first excitation coil 12 than in the second position. In the second position, the core section 20 is arranged further within the second excitation coil 14 than in the first position. The inductance of the first excitation coil 12 is therefore higher in the first position than in the second position. The inductance of the second excitation coil 14 is accordingly higher in the second position than in the first position.

The bistable lifting magnet 10 is arranged in a housing 22, which also functions as a magnetic yoke. The housing 22 consists of an iron-nickel alloy and is rotationally symmetrical around the locking element 16. How 1 , 2 represent, the locking element 16 protrudes from the housing 22 on both sides. Along the central axis M, the housing 22 therefore has circular end openings 25a, 25b, which have approximately the diameter dv. In the area of the openings 25a, 25b, the housing 22 surrounds the excitation coils 12, 14 in such a way that there is a first stop 24abzw. forms a second stop 24b. The stops 24a, 24b are also designed as bearings for the locking element 16 and guide it during movement. How 1 shows, the core section 20 abuts the first stop 24a in the first position. How 2 shows, the core section 20, however, strikes the second stop 24b in the second position. This results in a maximum displacement path V for the core section 20 for the movement of the locking element 16 with respect to the stops 24a, 24b.

The EMSR purity 26 can control the bistable solenoid 10 in actuator and sensor operation. In the actuator mode, the locking element 16 is moved in the bistable solenoid 10 with the aid of a first and a second magnetic field, which are generated by the first and second excitation coils 12, 14, respectively. In the sensor operation, the position of the locking element 16 is detected.

The EMSR unit 26 applies a movement voltage of 24V coming from V_sourcei to the bistable solenoid 10 in actuator mode. The excitation coils 12, 14 generate rectified magnetic fields, which can act on the core section 20 in such a way that it is moved with the entire locking element 16 between the first position and the second position.

The housing 22 is magnetized by the permanent magnet 18 in such a way that the core section 20 is held in a stable position in the first position or the second position even without the influence of the magnetic fields. Is the core section 20, as in 1 illustrated, arranged in the first position, a magnetic circuit closes, starting from the permanent magnet 18, over the part of the housing 2.2 comprising the first excitation coil 12 and the core section 20. This is analogous for the other part of the housing 22 and the second excitation coil 14 the case when the core section 20 is arranged in the second layer 14 ( 2 ).

The sensor system of the bistable lifting magnet 10 is arranged in the EMSR unit 26. The sensor technology is in 3 illustrated. The excitation coils 12, 14 of the bistable solenoid 10 are connected in series in an H-bridge 28 so that an output M1 of the H-bridge 28 is connected to a coil end L1+ and an output M2 is connected to a coil end L2. The coil ends L1-, L2+ are connected to a center tap M3, so that the bistable solenoid 10 is connected to a total of three poles. The sensor system of the tumbler is connected to the center tap M3, which forms it into a safety tumbler.

A shunt resistor 30 is connected to the center tap M3 and is connected to ground 34 via a MOSFET 32. The MOSFET 32 is opened or closed via a Test_on/off signal. A voltage Us drops across the shunt resistor 30 and is amplified by a differential amplifier 36. Connected downstream of this is a Schmitt trigger 38. This is connected to a voltage divider in positive feedback, via which a reference value for dividing the upper and lower threshold values can be set. The Schmitt trigger 38 outputs either the highest possible voltage (logical 1) or the lowest possible voltage (logical 0) as a binary signal, which switches a measuring voltage off or on.

The MOSFET 32 is switched on in sensor operation. How 4 Illustrated, at the starting time ts, a measuring voltage of 7V is applied to one of the excitation coils 12, 14 on the H-bridge 28. The measurement voltage is obtained from the EMSR unit 26 via V_source2.

Then flows, as well 3 shows a current I(L) via the corresponding excitation coil and further via the center tap M3 to a shunt resistor 30 and above via the MOSFET 32 to a mass 34. The current flows for a measurement either from M1 through the first Excitation coil 12 to M3 and via the shunt resistor 30 to ground 34 or in an identical manner from M2 through the second excitation coil 14 to ground 34. The measuring voltage generates a measurement at the measured excitation coil 12, 14 magnetic field, which is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 18 in the area of the measured excitation coil 12,14. The measurement is therefore carried out against potential magnetic saturation of the core section 20 and thus in the direction of larger gradients of the magnetic flux density.

During a measurement, a voltage Us drops across the shunt resistor 30, which is amplified by the differential amplifier 36. This amplified signal is fed to the Schmitt trigger 38. This is impressed with a lower and an upper threshold value, the latter being equivalent to a reference voltage U _R. The current increases in the Schmitt trigger 38 from the lower threshold to the upper threshold.

4 shows, for example, that the current I(L2) and the shunt voltage Us across the second excitation coil 14 increase linearly in a measurement from the starting time ts to the time to until the reference voltage U _R is reached. This is accompanied by the magnetization of the measured excitation coil 12, 14, whereby the slope depends on the inductance of the measured excitation coil 12, 14. Then the measuring voltage is switched off by the Schmitt trigger 38 and the measured coil changes into an identically linear demagnetization until the lower threshold value is reached at time tu. This results in a triangular characteristic for the signal of the current intensity I(L2) and the shunt voltage Us.

The duration from the start of the magnetization to the end of the demagnetization in 4 can be viewed as step size S1 (solid line). If the inductance of the measured excitation coil 12, 14 is greater, there is a correspondingly larger step size S2, S3 (dashed line or dotted line). The time is determined via the Signal_det ( 3 ) is measured so that a frequency of the on/off cycles is determined, for example counted. A change in the position of the locking element 16 or the core section 20 in the interior is accompanied by a jump in the frequency, which is thereby detected. Regardless of a change in the position of the locking element 16, a conclusion can be drawn about where the locking element is currently located by measuring the first excitation coil 12 and the second excitation coil 14 and the comparison of the frequencies of both measuring cycles that this enables. Accordingly, a reliable statement can be made as to whether the locking element 16 is in engagement with the closure member 8 and assumes a locking position or whether it is in the release position.

If the motion voltage of 24V is applied to the bistable solenoid 10 by the EMSR unit 26 in actuator operation, the current flows from the first excitation coil 12 directly to the second excitation coil 14 or vice versa. The MOSFET 32 is switched off. The decision about the operating mode and the state of the MOSFET 32 is made by a microcontroller, not shown here, which sends the Test_on/off signal to the MOSFET 32. Such a microcontroller is part of the EMSR unit 26. Furthermore, the detection device of the EMSR unit 26 is designed to compare the frequencies of both measuring cycles, corresponding to the inductances of both excitation coils 12, 14, with a reference value. The redundancy of the comparison results is important. For example, if the frequency of the first excitation coil 12 is smaller than the reference value (increased inductance), then at the same time the frequency of the second excitation coil 14 must also be larger (lower inductance) than the reference value so that the microcontroller decides that Locking element 16 is in the first position.

The EMSR unit 26 then finally outputs a signal (Signal_inf in 1 , 2 ), which provides information about the position of the locking element 16. The signal can, for example, indicate whether the guard locking is securely locked or unlocked. If the locking element 16 is located between the layers due to an error, for example, the signal can either indicate this or also indicate an unlocked state.

Reference symbol list

6

tumbler

8th

Closure link

10

bistable lifting magnet

12

first excitation coil

14

second excitation coil

16

Locking element

18

Permanent magnet

20

core section

22

Housing

24a, 24b

stop positions

25a, 25b

openings

26

EMSR unit

28

H-bridge

30

Shunt resistance

32

MOSFET

34

Dimensions

36

Differential amplifier

38

Schmitt trigger

dv

Diameter of locking element

dK

Outer diameter core section

UR

Reference voltage

Uo

Schmitt voltage

IL

Amperage (coil)

Us

Shunt voltage

M1/M2

H-bridge exit

L1+

first coil end

L2-

second coil end

M3

Center tap

M

center axis

v

displacement path

Claims (14)

Tumbler (6), with - a first excitation coil (12) for generating a first magnetic field, - a second excitation coil (14) for generating a second magnetic field, and - a locking element (16), which has at least one ferromagnetic core section (20) and can be moved between a first and a second layer by means of the first and / or the second magnetic field, one of the two layers of which corresponds to a locking position, - wherein the core section (20) in the first layer is arranged further within the first excitation coil (12) than in the second layer, and - wherein the core section (20) in the second layer is arranged further within the second excitation coil (14) than in the first layer, wherein - a detection device is connected to the first excitation coil (12), the detection device being designed to determine the inductance of the first excitation coil (12) and to process the determined inductance to output a detection signal which indicates whether the locking element (16) is in is located in the first position, and where - The detection device is also connected to the second excitation coil (14) and is designed to determine the inductance of the second excitation coil (14). tumbler after Claim 1 , characterized in that the detection device is designed to compare the determined inductances of both excitation coils (12/14) with one or more reference values. tumbler after Claim 2 , characterized in that the detection device, based on the comparisons, determines the detection signal which indicates whether the locking element (16) is in the first or second position. Tumbler according to claim one of the Claims 1 - 3 , characterized in that the first excitation coil (12) and the second excitation coil (14) are connected in series and at least for a movement of the locking element (16), the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field have the same magnetic direction. Locking according to Claim 4 , characterized in that a center tap (M3) is arranged between the first excitation coil (12) and the second excitation coil (14). Tumbler according to one of the Claims 1 - 5 , characterized in that a permanent magnet (18) is arranged between the first excitation coil (12) and the second excitation coil (14). tumbler after Claim 6 , characterized in that - the detection device is designed to determine the inductance of the first (12) or the second excitation coil (14) by applying a measuring voltage to the first (12) or the second excitation coil (14) to generate a first or a second Measuring magnetic field, - wherein the first measuring magnetic field is directed in the opposite direction to the magnetic field of the permanent magnet (18) at least in the area of the first excitation coil (12), and - wherein the second measuring magnetic field is directed in the opposite direction to the magnetic field of the permanent magnet (18) at least in the area of the second excitation coil (14). . Tumbler according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection device has means for generating a measuring voltage and for current monitoring. tumbler after Claim 8 , characterized in that the detection device has a differential amplifier (36) and a threshold switch (38). Tumbler according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection device has means for generating a first and a second inductance signal, the frequencies of which depend on the inductance of the first (12) and the second excitation coil (14), respectively. Tumbler according to one of the Claims 6 - 10 , characterized in that the first excitation coil (12), the second (12) excitation coil and the permanent magnet (18) are arranged in a housing (22) designed as a magnetic yoke. tumbler after Claim 11 , characterized in that the magnetic yoke has a first stop (24a) and a second stop (24b), on which the locking element (16) is held in the first and second positions, respectively. Tumbler according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control unit is connected to the first (12) and/or the second excitation coil (14) for applying a motion voltage or a motion current to move the locking element (16) between the first and the second Location. Method for operating a tumbler, comprising a first excitation coil (12), a second excitation coil (14), and a locking element (16) which has at least one ferromagnetic core section (20), - wherein in an actuator operation the first excitation coil (12) generates a first magnetic field, the second excitation coil (14) generates a second magnetic field, and wherein the locking element (16) by means of the first and / or the second magnetic field between a first and a second position is moved, one of the two corresponding to a locking position, the core section (20) being arranged further within the first excitation coil (12) in the first position than in the second position, and wherein the core section (20) in the second layer is arranged further within the second excitation coil (14) than in the first layer, and - for sensor operation, a detection device is connected to the first excitation coil (12) and also to the second excitation coil (14), which determines the inductance of the first excitation coil (12) and also the second excitation coil (14) and the determined inductances for output a detection signal is processed which indicates whether the locking element (16) is in the first position or in the second position.

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