EP2281320A1 - Coupleur pour systeme radio frequences multibandes - Google Patents
Coupleur pour systeme radio frequences multibandesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2281320A1 EP2281320A1 EP09727369A EP09727369A EP2281320A1 EP 2281320 A1 EP2281320 A1 EP 2281320A1 EP 09727369 A EP09727369 A EP 09727369A EP 09727369 A EP09727369 A EP 09727369A EP 2281320 A1 EP2281320 A1 EP 2281320A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- central
- waveguide
- coupler
- peripheral
- waveguides
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/181—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides
- H01P5/182—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being hollow waveguides the waveguides being arranged in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion
- H01P1/161—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion sustaining two independent orthogonal modes, e.g. orthomode transducer
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of radio frequency (RF) multiband communications and finds application in satellite telecommunications systems combining, for example, the Ku and Ka bands.
- RF radio frequency
- the invention relates in particular to a coupler that can be integrated into the power supply system of a multiband antenna.
- Tx transmission frequency bands
- Rx reception
- - Ka / Rx from 27.5 GHz to 30 GHz
- - Ka / Tx from 17.7 GHz to 20.2 GHz
- - Ku / Rx from 13.75 GHz to 14.5 GHz;
- This circuit generally comprises O dB coupler type components and / or ortho-mode junctions each allowing the extraction of one of the frequency bands.
- the design of the power system components can be complex.
- the invention relates to a coupler for a multiband radio system ensuring a total coupling (this is called OdB coupler) of the radio frequency power of the highest frequency band of a multiband system while providing a sufficient isolation with the lower frequency bands.
- the invention relates to a coupler for a multi-band radio frequency system comprising: a central waveguide; a plurality of peripheral waveguides; coupling means.
- the coupler of the invention is characterized in that the peripheral waveguides are parallelepipedic and connected along a long side of the section of the peripheral waveguide to the central waveguide by means of the coupling means so forming a symmetrical coupler structure, the axis of symmetry of the structure being the central longitudinal axis of the central waveguide.
- the central waveguide and the peripheral waveguides are sized to have the same propagation constant at the operating frequency of the peripheral guides, i.e., the high frequency band.
- the absence of dielectric material also makes it possible to reduce the insertion losses in the peripheral guides. It is in fact known to use a dielectric material in the peripheral guides to accentuate the frequency selectivity of the coupling.
- this selectivity is obtained in part by the height of the coupling means (which are preferably coupling slots), resulting in a natural rejection of the signals in the low bands.
- This attenuation can then be accentuated by a recombination circuit of the peripheral guides sized with guides also under cut for the low bands.
- the symmetry provided to the structure of the coupler of the invention makes it possible to minimize the generation of particularly disturbing higher order modes when the coupler is used with multiband antennas. Indeed, these modes constitute a loss of power by coupling with the fundamental mode in the band of interest and may also prove to be a source of interference for another frequency band.
- these are rectangular waveguides (or slots) whose cutoff frequency allows the rejection of the low frequency bands in order to minimize the coupling of these frequency bands towards the peripheral guides. .
- the coupling zone characterized by a regular longitudinal positioning of several slots, must be long enough to ensure the coupling of almost all the energy present in the high frequency band.
- the invention relates to a multiband antenna characterized in that it is powered by a radio frequency circuit comprising at least one coupler according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the radiating element of the antenna is of horn type.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a coupler comprising a central guide with circular section and four peripheral waveguides
- FIGS. 4a and 4b respectively show a central waveguide with an octagonal section and a circular section with flats;
- Figure 5 is a side view of the coupler of Figure 2;
- Figure 6 is a detailed view of the coupling means of the coupler of Figure 2;
- Figure 7 is a block diagram of linear bi-polarization;
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of circular bi-polarization
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating isolated peripheral ports in Rx configuration
- FIGS. 10a, 10b, 10c and 1 Od respectively illustrate the reflection coefficient, the insulation coefficient, the coupling coefficient and the transmission coefficient for a rectangular, circular, circular flat-flange waveguide coupler, octagonal and four peripheral waveguides based on targeted specifications
- - Figure 1 1 illustrates a coupler according to the invention connected to a horn type antenna. DESCRIPTION OF ONE OR MORE MODES OF REALIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION General structure of the coupler
- FIG. 1 shows a coupler comprising a central waveguide 10 and two peripheral waveguides 20, 21 coupled to the central waveguide 10 via coupling means 30, 31.
- the peripheral waveguides are parallelepipedic and connected along the long side of their section to the central waveguide 10 via the coupling means 30, 31.
- the length L (understood as the guide) is always associated with the direction of propagation of the wave while the terminology “long side”, of length noted usually has and “small side”, of length usually noted b, is used to describe the section of the guide in a plane orthogonal to the direction of propagation.
- the arrangement of the peripheral waveguides 20, 21 around the central waveguide 10 is such that the structure of the coupler is symmetrical.
- the axis of symmetry of the structure is the central longitudinal axis AA 'of the central waveguide 10.
- each peripheral waveguide 20, 21 is parallel to the central longitudinal axis AA' - the axis of symmetry of the structure - of the central waveguide 10.
- the coupling means 30, 31 consist of sets of rectangular section waveguides also called "coupling slots".
- the waveguides are preferably all identical.
- FIG. 6 shows two coupling slots 310, 314.
- the longitudinal central axis FF 'of each slot is perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis AA' of the central waveguide 10 (see FIG. 6).
- the coupling slots are connected to the respective long sides of the central and peripheral waveguides by the rectangular section 312, orthogonal to the propagation direction of the wave in the slot along the axis FF '.
- FIG. 2 shows a coupler comprising a central waveguide 10 and four peripheral waveguides 20, 21, 22, 23 coupled to the central waveguide by coupling means 30, 31, 32, 33
- the constraints of symmetry and arrangement of the peripheral waveguides are identical to the coupler illustrated in FIG.
- the peripheral waveguides 20-23 are parallelepipedic and connected along the long side of the section to the central waveguide 10 via the coupling means 30-33.
- the arrangement of the peripheral waveguides 20-23 around the central waveguide 10 is such that the structure of the coupler is symmetrical.
- the axis of symmetry of the structure being the central longitudinal axis AA 'of the central waveguide 10.
- each peripheral waveguide 20-23 is parallel to the longitudinal central axis AA' - the axis of symmetry of the structure - of the central waveguide 10.
- the coupler of FIG. 2 can therefore be seen as the 90 ° superposition of two couplers of FIG.
- peripheral waveguides are even, two or four.
- FIG. 5 shows a side view of the coupler of FIG. 2 with square central waveguide 10 and four peripheral waveguides 20-23.
- the central waveguide is a parallelepiped square section.
- the central waveguide may be of square section (10 in FIGS. 1 and 2), circular (100 in FIG. 3), octagonal (200 in FIG. 4a) circular with flats (300 in FIG. 4b), or rectangular section (not shown). It should be noted that from a geometrical point of view:
- the octagonal section central waveguide 200 is parameterized by its small diameter D 0 (see FIG. 4a);
- the section of the central waveguide with circular section with flats 300 is designed as the intersection of a square of side I_CM and a circle of radius R CM (see FIG. 4b).
- the coupler must be a total coupler, called OdB coupler, and must respect several sizing rules.
- the guided wavelength must be the same in the central guide and the peripheral guides in order to ensure a coherent combination in phase of the signals coupled by the different coupling slots.
- the guided wavelength for the fundamental propagation mode conventionally noted TE10 in a rectangular section guide, depends directly on the long side 22 of the peripheral waveguide (the side by which the coupling is effected) according to the following formula:
- D c is the cutoff wavelength. This last parameter depends directly on the shape and dimensions of the section of the waveguide.
- the propagation mode is not attenuated, with insertion losses close (it is said that it is propagative).
- the central guide 10 and the peripheral guides must be dimensioned with the same large side 22 when the central waveguide 10 is square-sectioned.
- the sizing frequency is 10.95 GHz
- FIG. 6 illustrates two coupling slots 310, 314. As already mentioned, for the coupling slots, these are series of rectangular waveguides whose section 312 is attached to the central waveguide 10 and the peripheral waveguide (the latter is not shown in Figure 6). The dimensions of this rectangular section are such that the fundamental mode TE10 in the low frequency bands is evanescent.
- the optimization of the OdB coupler presented relates essentially to the spacing p between two successive slots, the total number of slots and their length.
- the number of coupling slots is chosen so that the coupling area is between ten and twenty times ⁇ g (g Ui of centrai) - This number must be optimized to ensure good coupling. If this number is below the optimum, the coupling is insufficient. If this number is above the optimum, there is a phenomenon of over-coupling which tends to degrade the performance of the component, a part of the coupled signal returning to the main guide.
- Coupling along the respective long sides of the central and peripheral guides 10 is "natural" in the case of guides of rectangular section and / or square. On the other hand, it is not easy to obtain good levels of coupling in the case of a section of the central guide of circular, octagonal or other shape.
- the structure is symmetrical, which makes it possible to minimize the generation of higher order modes, which are particularly troublesome on multiband antennas because they constitute a loss of power in the band of interest but can in addition prove to be a source of interference for another frequency band.
- FIG. 1 The structure shown in FIG. 1 is characterized by a linear mono-polarization operation, the electromagnetic field of which is parallel to the plane containing the axes AA ', BB' and CC.
- the structure shown in Figure 2 which can be seen as a superposition of two 90 ° linear single polarization structures, offers the possibility of polarization diversity operation.
- Isolated peripheral ports are terminated with appropriate loads, as shown in Figure 9 (in Rx configuration).
- These adapted charges may consist of absorbent material disposed within the waveguide.
- planar configuration E is preferable because the signals coming from two diametrically opposite peripheral guides are in phase opposition.
- the high band is in reception, it is better to combine the signals via "magic tees" that have a good adaptation on all their ports. To do this, the component will be used as a standard tee power divider by terminating the port
- results are presented with a 60-slot coupler comprising a central waveguide with a square, circular, octagonal, circular and flat-shaped sectional waveguide and four peripheral waveguides (see FIGS. 2, 3, 4a and 4b).
- the results presented relate to the fundamental propagation mode. However, the analyzes were performed considering all the propagative and degenerate modes in order to ensure representativeness and convergence of the results.
- Coefficient of Reflection Figure 10a illustrates the reflection coefficient in dB for each of the couplers presented.
- the reflection coefficient characterizes the power reflected at the input of the component at the central waveguide. There is also talk of adaptation.
- the target value in the different frequency bands under consideration is -25 dB.
- the reflection coefficient presented may be indifferently that of the horn access or the low band excitation circuit access, in the case where the coupler is connected to a horn type antenna.
- Figure 10b illustrates the isolation coefficient in dB for each of the couplers shown.
- the insulation coefficient characterizes the power transmitted to the necessary ports in order to preserve the symmetries of the structure but towards which it is desired to minimize the power transfer. These ports are said to be isolated and are terminated by appropriate charges.
- the target values for this parameter in the low frequencies Ka / Tx, Ku / Tx and Ku / Rx are -45 dB and -3OdB for the high band.
- Figure 10c illustrates the coupling coefficient in dB for each of the couplers shown.
- the coupling coefficient characterizes the coupling between the central guide and the peripheral guides. Because of the symmetries of the structure, each peripheral guide must couple half of the energy of the corresponding linear polarization in the high frequency band, ie a theoretical coupling coefficient of -3.01 dB.
- the coupling values obtained in low bands can be accentuated by exploiting the natural rejection of an undercut guide.
- Od illustrates the coupling coefficient in dB for each of the couplers presented.
- the transmission coefficient characterizes the power level transmitted via the central guide. In the lower frequency bands, this parameter should be as close as possible to OdB, with the insertion losses (ohmic) close.
- the transmission level should be as low as possible, the target value being a level below -10 dB.
- the coupler with a rectangular section central guide has the best performance in terms of coupling in the high frequency band.
- the difference in performance is about 0.2 dB worst case with the other forms of section.
- This also translates into a transmission coefficient in the center guide of the high frequency band at -14.2 dB. This value is degraded by 1 to 2 dB for other section shapes.
- This confirms that the desired coupling is more natural when the central guide is rectangular.
- the coupling with a square section central guide has a substantially wider bandwidth than the other solutions envisaged.
- the performances are very similar for the different section shapes in the low frequency band.
- the section is rectangular, the latter is less efficient than other forms of section in the high band.
- the performance of the octagonal solution is very close to the circular solution, except for the low band coupling coefficient to the peripheral guides for which the simulated performance approaches that of the square section guide.
- the presented coupler can be connected to a horn type antenna or to other components of the power supply circuit such as an ortho-mode junction, a filter and so on.
- the presented OdB coupler is relevant when a large ratio (greater than the octave) is observed between the lowest frequency and the highest frequency of the frequency plane. In the illustrative application, this ratio is close to three.
- the multiband antenna thus obtained can, if necessary, be placed in front of a reflector, in particular for satellite telecommunications applications.
- FIG. 11 shows a coupler OdB connected to a horn type antenna 1 10 and in front of a reflector 1 10 (the latter being optional).
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0852187A FR2929796B1 (fr) | 2008-04-02 | 2008-04-02 | Coupleur pour systeme radio frequences multibandes. |
PCT/EP2009/053967 WO2009121937A1 (fr) | 2008-04-02 | 2009-04-02 | Coupleur pour systeme radio frequences multibandes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2281320A1 true EP2281320A1 (fr) | 2011-02-09 |
EP2281320B1 EP2281320B1 (fr) | 2016-03-23 |
Family
ID=39769393
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09727369.2A Not-in-force EP2281320B1 (fr) | 2008-04-02 | 2009-04-02 | Coupleur pour systeme radio frequences multibandes |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2281320B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2929796B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009121937A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108011169B (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2021-03-30 | 电子科技大学 | 圆波导到矩形波导双模宽带定向耦合器 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE554200A (fr) * | 1956-04-28 | |||
US3838362A (en) * | 1973-06-29 | 1974-09-24 | Emerson Electric Co | Diplexing coupler for microwave system |
IT1149770B (it) * | 1982-02-25 | 1986-12-10 | Italtel Spa | Circuito per separare due bande di frequenze per segnali ad altissima frequenza in doppia polarizzazione |
-
2008
- 2008-04-02 FR FR0852187A patent/FR2929796B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-04-02 EP EP09727369.2A patent/EP2281320B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-04-02 WO PCT/EP2009/053967 patent/WO2009121937A1/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009121937A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2929796B1 (fr) | 2014-09-26 |
FR2929796A1 (fr) | 2009-10-09 |
EP2281320B1 (fr) | 2016-03-23 |
WO2009121937A1 (fr) | 2009-10-08 |
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