Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
  • D21F11/06—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the cylinder type
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
  • D21F11/06—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the cylinder type
  • D21F11/08—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines of the cylinder type paper or board consisting of two or more layers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
  • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
  • D21H21/42—Ribbons or strips

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of security documents and relates inter alia to a method of manufacturing a security sheet, for example predominantly paper.
• paper means any sheet obtained by wet process using a suspension of natural cellulose fibers and / or inorganic, vegetable or organic fibers other than cellulose, which may be synthetic fibers, which may contain various fillers and various additives commonly used in stationery.
• European Patent Application EP 0 549 384 describes a method of manufacturing a paper having areas of reduced thickness obtained by the joining of pellets to the forming web of the round shape.
• European Patent Application EP 1 122 360 describes a method of manufacturing a paper in which a watermark is made from modifications made on the forming web of the round shape.
• British Patent Application GB 2,433,469 describes the manufacture of a fibrous safety substrate in which a fibrous ribbon having a plurality of openings is incorporated.
• European Patent Application EP 0 070 172 discloses a method of manufacturing a security paper comprising a ribbon having an alternation of areas for the deposition of paper fibers and areas preventing the deposition of paper fibers.
• EP 0 773 320 describes the insertion of a strip between two paper jets, one of which has a watermark.
• British Patent Application GB 2,395,724 discloses the incorporation of a polyester web having an electronic chip into a fibrous substrate.
• the solutions proposed by the prior art do not make it possible to make areas of reduced thickness on a security document with a relatively simple method. Indeed, the proposed solutions require modifications and significant preparation of the forming webs used on round shapes and generally do not allow to obtain reduced thicknesses of dimensions sufficient for the incorporation of the security elements presented above. summary
• the invention aims to meet all or part of these needs, by incorporating a tape, fibrous or not, to the security sheets during their manufacture, this tape can advantageously be located at or near a place where must be applied security elements.
• the invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, a method of papermaking a sheet comprising at least one jet of a fibrous substrate and at least one fibrous ribbon, in which the ribbon is introduced. in a fibrous suspension of a round-shaped paper machine for forming the jet or is introduced in direct contact with the round shape or in contact with the formed jet, in particular before the jet leaves the lifting cylinder.
• the point of introduction of the ribbon may be chosen so as to create at least one under-thickness or over-thickness on the sheet at the ribbon, for example when it emerges from the fibrous suspension or after, the under-thickness being due to a reduction of the draining of the fibrous suspension by the ribbon. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to obtain a security sheet having at least one under-thickness or over-thickness that can allow the incorporation of security elements without requiring the use of a specific training fabric or modified, especially because of the use of a fibrous tape incorporated in the fibrous substrate during the manufacture of the security sheet. Therefore, it is possible to use the training webs that usually equip the paper machines with round shape used for the manufacture of security sheets.
• variable width and / or thickness may make it possible to obtain under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses of variable dimensions as well.
• the under or over thicknesses created may extend all along the sheet.
• the jet carrying the ribbon may not come in partial overlap of the ribbon, that is to say that the fibrous substrate does not cover the lateral portions of the ribbon on its main faces on either side of them on a substantial width, for example greater than or equal to 1 mm.
• the invention it is possible to incorporate one or more security elements of all types into the security sheet in the vicinity or at the level of the sub-branches. thicknesses or over thicknesses without generating locally, for example, extra thicknesses related to the presence of the security element or elements.
• a sub-thickness may for example allow to incorporate at least one safety element therein, the thickness of which may be compensated, at least partially, by the under-thickness.
• an over-thickness may make it possible to juxtapose at least one safety element to the ribbon, the thickness of which may be compensated, at least partially, by the over-thickness.
• the invention can also make it possible to produce new safety structures, independently of the possible thickness compensations discussed above.
• the ribbon can be introduced into the fibrous suspension or in direct contact with the round shape in various ways.
• direct contact is meant that the point of introduction of the tape is in contact with the round shape while it is not covered with fibers of the fibrous suspension at the point of introduction of the tape.
• the point of introduction may in particular be on an area of the round shape not immersed in the fibrous suspension.
• the cohesion of the formed sheet can be, in the present case, provided by a second fibrous jet, which can be attached to the first jet formed and in particular on the face in contact with the formation web during its formation (“face canvas ").
• the fibrous tape can be introduced in direct contact with the round shape, by one of its faces, before entering the fibrous suspension. In this way, no fiber of the fibrous suspension can be deposited on the face of the tape in contact with the round shape. It is thus possible to obtain a jet of paper on one of the faces of which is visible the face of the ribbon which has been in contact with the round shape. In this case, a sub-thickness can be made at the other side of the ribbon, opposite to the round shape.
• the ribbon can still be introduced into the fibrous suspension while fibers have already deposited on the round shape at the point of introduction of the ribbon.
• the fibers may have already deposited on the round shape entirely on the surface of the round shape or partially on the surface of the round shape. In this way, it may be possible that no face of the ribbon is in direct contact with the fabric of the round shape.
• the ribbon may instead be in contact, by one of its faces, fibers which have already deposited on the round shape before the introduction of the ribbon into the fibrous suspension.
• the face of the tape in contact with the fibers already deposited on the round shape may no longer be observable on the security sheet after manufacture.
• a sub-thickness or over-thickness with respect to the thickness of the vellum that is to say to the thickness of the zone of the sheet, in particular of the substrate, where the ribbon does not appear, can be realized at the level of the other side of the ribbon, opposite to the round shape.
• the face of the ribbon which is in direct contact with the round shape or fibers of the fibrous suspension which have already been deposited on the round shape, can plug the holes of the forming fabric of the round shape and thus can prevent the suction against the fiber web of the fibrous suspension.
• the ribbon can be fed into a twin-jet paper machine.
• the paper machine may comprise for example two round shapes placed in line, a round shape and a flat table, or even a round shape and a forming cylinder ("short form").
• the paper jet formed on the round shape and comprising the ribbon may be joined in the wet part of the paper machine with a second paper jet superimposed on the ribbon.
• the second jet can then consolidate the first jet of paper in the ribbon introduction zone.
• It may also constitute a protection for elements present in or on the ribbon, for example an electronic device, in particular an integrated microcircuit device, for example an RFID device.
• the introduction of the ribbon can be done by a feeding device, for example such as a peeling system, placed along the width and opening into the form tank near the round shape, before the beginning of the draining of the fibrous suspension on the canvas of the round form.
• a feeding device for example such as a peeling system
• the security sheet is obtained which can then be pressed and then dried according to the current papermaking process.
• the jet obtained may optionally be wet-kneaded, that is to say before drying, with other jets whose fibrous compositions may be identical or different and which may be formed on flat-table paper machines. , forming roll or round form.
• the jet obtained can be joined by laminating with another jet of paper superimposed on the tape.
• the sheet may consist of two jets of paper each having a ribbon and one or both of which has at least one under-thickness or over-thickness at the ribbon level.
• the two ribbons of the two jets may or may not be in contact with each other after assembly of the jets.
• the introduction of the ribbon can be carried out in the direction of the running of the sheet and thus allow easy introduction of the possible security elements, which are typically introduced in the same direction during a manufacturing process. a security sheet.
• the ribbon may have at least one of its faces not completely covered by fibers of the fibrous suspension at the exit of the round-shaped paper machine.
• the creation of a sub-thickness or an over-thickness may result from a deposition of fibers of the partial or no fibrous suspension on at least one of the faces of the tape. It may in particular depend on the angle of introduction of the ribbon, the thickness thereof, a coating present on its surface and / or a relief present on the round shape.
• the ribbon may have a thickness greater than or less than the thickness of the vellum of the security sheet.
• the sheet may have a sub-thickness at the ribbon, especially at the face of the ribbon opposite to the round shape, in particular when the tape is introduced in direct contact with the round shape or when the tape is introduced into the fibrous suspension while the thickness of the fibers already present on the round shape is less than the difference in thickness between the thickness of the vellum the sheet and the thickness of the ribbon.
• the sheet may have an over-thickness at the ribbon, for example while the ribbon is introduced into the fibrous suspension while the thickness of the fibers already present on the round shape is greater than the difference in thickness between the thickness of the vellum and the thickness of the ribbon.
• the sheet may have an over-thickness at the ribbon, especially at the face of the ribbon opposite to the round shape.
• the deposition of the fibers on one of the faces of the ribbon may be zero because the presence of the ribbon against the fabric of the round shape prevents the drainage, it that is, depositing fibers of the fibrous suspension against the fabric.
• the deposition of the fibers on one of the faces of the ribbon, in particular the face opposite to the round shape may still be only partial, notably because the ribbon may have been treated beforehand, for example by a coating, for reduce its porosity, and prevent or slow down the deposition of fibers on the treated area.
• the treated area may for example correspond to a central zone on the ribbon, in particular on the face opposite to the round shape.
• the treatment of the zone may for example result from the application of a coating such as a composition comprising a hydrophobic compound and / or filler.
• a coating such as a composition comprising a hydrophobic compound and / or filler.
• This application may for example consist of coating a latex or a hydrophobic varnish.
• the round shape may be devoid of relief on which is placed the ribbon or alternatively to include.
• the relief may be formed by embossing the fabric.
• the ribbon may be introduced so that its center coincides with the center of the relief of the round shape.
• the relief of the round shape may for example have in front view a square shape, round, oval, polygonal, with rectilinear or curvilinear contours, being preferably rectangular.
• the relief may be continuous or discontinuous along the circumference of the round shape.
• the ribbon may have a width greater than that of the relief. In this way, it is for example possible to have at least a portion of the ribbon, in particular the two edges of the ribbon, which is not superimposed on the relief.
• the ribbon can be introduced while fibers of the fibrous suspension are already deposited on the relief of the round shape. In this way, the ribbon may not be directly in contact with the relief of the round shape, one of its faces being in contact with the fibers already deposited on the round shape.
• the ribbon may be introduced while no fiber of the fibrous suspension has deposited on the relief of the round shape, especially at the point of introduction of the ribbon. In this way, one of the faces of the ribbon may be directly in contact with the relief of the round shape, this face may be visible on the security sheet after its manufacture.
• the round shape has a relief and the ribbon is wider than the relief, fibers of the fibrous suspension can be deposited between the portion or portions of the ribbon not superimposed on the relief and the round shape.
• fibers of the fibrous suspension can be deposited between the portion or portions of the ribbon not superimposed on the relief and the round shape.
• the presence of one or more under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses can be used to house at least partially one or more security elements, respectively superimposed at the level thereof or juxtaposed therewith.
• the security element or elements can be arranged between two super-thicknesses which thus ensure their mechanical protection, for example against shocks, impressions such as imprints intaglio, or during subsequent pressing steps or lamination.
• the thickness of the security elements is substantially identical to the difference between the thickness of the vellum of the sheet and that of the ribbon, it is possible to obtain a security sheet having substantially no under-thickness or over-thickness.
• the security sheet may comprise at least one security element superimposed on the ribbon on the under-thickness side and having a thickness at least partially compensated by the under-thickness. The under-thickness can completely compensate for the thickness of the security element.
• the security sheet may comprise at least one security element juxtaposed to the tape whose thickness is at least partially compensated by the over-thickness.
• the over-thickness can completely compensate for the thickness of the security element.
• the extra thicknesses may allow, for example, to obtain particular security effects following treatment of the fibrous tape, for example an embossing, at the level of the extra thicknesses.
• the treatment of the ribbon at the level of the super-thicknesses can make it possible to obtain a security sheet having substantially no under-thickness or over-thickness.
• the ribbon may for example undergo embossing, including hot embossing, especially at an over-thickness.
• the ribbon may preferably comprise polyethylene fibers.
• the introduction of a ribbon comprising polyethylene fibers allows in particular the subsequent creation of particular reliefs by hot embossing, while giving the sheet a better cohesion because the cohesion of a substrate Cellulosic, for example, is indeed superior to that of a substrate composed of polyethylene fibers.
• the ribbon may have an over-thickness, especially before any embossing ribbon, extending over at least 50%, better 80% or more, of the surface of the face of the ribbon where the over-thickness.
• the over-thickness may extend over an entire face of the ribbon.
• the sheet After embossing, the sheet may be free of over-thickness.
• the surface of the face of the ribbon which had the over-thickness before embossing may be substantially flat.
• the ribbon may have micro-reliefs, for example depressions or projections, in particular after embossing, of reduced dimensions, for example of dimension ranging from 1 to 3 microns. These micro-reliefs do not form over-thickness or under-thickness in the sense of the invention.
• the under-thickness or over-thickness may make it possible respectively to obtain a recessed or protruding relief on the security sheet, of the order of several micrometers.
• the values of the under-thicknesses or of the thicknesses may be determined according to the thickness of the security elements intended to be associated with them. For example, an impression or a security film disposed in a sub-thickness or between two extra thicknesses.
• the desired purpose may in particular be to obtain a sheet formed flat, that is to say having no under-thickness or over-thickness.
• the under thicknesses obtained may for example be greater than or equal to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 60 ⁇ m. For example, it is possible to obtain under-thickness greater than or equal to 44 ⁇ m for a substrate with a thickness greater than or equal to 115 ⁇ m.
• the extra thicknesses may be a function of the point of introduction of the ribbon and its thickness. For reasons of machinability, it may be advantageous to limit the thicknesses to less than 20 ⁇ m, although the protection of certain security elements may require greater thicknesses.
• the ribbon can also be introduced by bringing the ribbon into contact with the papermaking jet present on the round-shaped fabric at the outlet of the form tank.
• the ribbon is for example inserted between the jet leaving the shaped vessel and a second jet which is assembled at the first between the lifting cylinder and the round shape.
• ribbon refers to a ribbon made of a single piece or made of an assembly, a stack or a juxtaposition of strips or elementary pieces.
• the fibrous ribbon is a paper ribbon.
• the introduction of a paper tape compared to the introduction of a plastic tape, for example, can provide a sheet having good cohesion because of the bonds that can develop between the paper tape and the substrate.
• a second jet is applied to the ribbon, the fact that the ribbon is paper, and not plastic, for example, can ensure a significant cohesion between the ribbon and the second jet.
• the ribbon may be fibrous and have non-fibrous elements.
• the ribbon may have a grammage of between 5 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 15 and 55 g / m 2 and more preferably between 20 and 30 g / m 2 .
• the ribbon may have a width of between 2 and 60 mm, preferably between 4 and 30 mm and more preferably between 10 and 20 mm.
• the ribbon may have a width greater than that of the relief of the round shape, if any.
• the ribbon may have a thickness greater than 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 20 and 120 ⁇ m, and more preferably between 30 and 80 ⁇ m.
• the ribbon may have a thickness different from that of the vellum of the leaf.
• the ribbon may have a thickness greater than that of the vellum of the sheet to allow the creation of extra thicknesses.
• the ribbon may still have a thickness less than that of the vellum of the sheet to allow the creation of under-thickness.
• the ribbon may also comprise at least one electronic device, in particular an integrated microcircuit device.
• the electronic device can be a detector.
• the electronic device may be a radio frequency identification device, more commonly called an RFID device, and in particular an electronic chip and / or an antenna which may in particular be printed on the ribbon.
• the electronic device may for example be deposited and fixed, for example by gluing, on one side of the ribbon.
• the electronic device can still be incorporated inside the ribbon, in particular before its introduction close to the round shape, in direct contact with the round shape or in the fibrous suspension.
• the ribbon may be made from a material, including paper, having previously undergone a wet strength (WD) treatment.
• the ribbon may have a wet strength (REH) with respect to traction greater than 30%, in particular so as not to cause problems when introducing the ribbon into the sheet.
• the resistance in the wet state in tension is measured by dividing the value of the wet tensile strength measured according to the NF Q standard.
• This resistance in the wet state can in particular be provided in a conventional manner by the addition of a wet strength agent, for example such a polyamine-amide-epichlorohydrin resin (PAAE), a formaldehyde melamine resin, etc.
• a wet strength agent for example such a polyamine-amide-epichlorohydrin resin (PAAE), a formaldehyde melamine resin, etc.
• an additional wet strength may be obtained by adding a portion of the REH agent (s) in surfactant baths of a fibrous sheet, for example for making the tape.
• the security elements that can be incorporated in the ribbon or in the vicinity of the ribbon can be of different types.
• the security elements may represent different patterns, for example one or more alphanumeric characters or drawings or logos, for example present elsewhere on the sheet.
• the sheet may have at least two sub-thicknesses or two over-thicknesses or a sub-thickness and an over-thickness facing one another and at least two security elements may be incorporated at or near the each of these under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses, the security elements being able to be opposite one another.
• the two security elements can be applied, for example by printing, to the marker.
• mark printing is meant that the position of the security elements on the tape is determined.
• the two security elements of the ribbon can make it possible to obtain different effects, in particular optical effects, thanks to their observable complementarity in transvision.
• observation in transvision is meant an observation of the light which passes through the ribbon in the direction of its thickness, for example in visible, ultraviolet or infrared light.
• the two security elements can for example make it possible to obtain in transvision a "moiré effect”.
• a moiré effect can reveal a pattern produced by the superposition of the two security elements, for example by bringing lines of the two security elements closer together.
• a first print can be made on the front side of the ribbon and a second print can be made on the reverse side of the ribbon.
• the prints can be made at or near the under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses. Then, during the observation in ribbon transvision, a complementary pattern may appear by moiré effect between the first and second impressions.
• the two security elements can still allow for example to obtain in transvision "combinatorial effects”.
• a "combinatorial effect" results from the observation in transvision of a particular pattern that is the result of the combination of two patterns each on the front and back of the ribbon.
• a first pattern may be printed on the front of the ribbon and a second pattern may be printed on the back of the ribbon.
• a third pattern can then be observed, resulting from the combination of the first and second patterns.
• the security elements can be prints, including inks.
• the inks may have other additional security features, such as specific pigments.
• the security elements may also be films, for example plastic films, transparent or not, or having a reduced opacity, for example less than or equal to 40%, preferably less than or equal to 30%, measured according to the ISO standard. 2469.
• the ribbon whether fibrous or not, may comprise one or more openings, for example made partially or totally in the ribbon.
• the openings can be of various shapes, for example square, oval, round, rectangular, polygonal, star, among others.
• the openings may correspond to holes, slots, drawings, cavities passing through or not, for example made by embossing, cuts in alphanumeric patterns of varying shapes and sizes.
• the openings can be through.
• the openings can be made after forming the safety sheet. Alternatively, the openings can be made on the ribbon before introduction.
• the openings may comprise one or more security elements, in particular an electronic device, in particular an integrated microcircuit device, for example an RFID device.
• the security elements may extend totally or partially in the openings.
• the security elements in particular films, can be placed at or near under-thickness or over-thickness, in particular under-thickness or over-thickness facing each other.
• the security elements can be juxtaposed on either side of the over-thickness, or be superimposed on the under-thickness, the security elements being opposite each other.
• Under-thicknesses and / or over-thicknesses can in this case at least partially compensate for the thickness of the security elements.
• the security elements in particular films, can be superimposed on under-thicknesses at the level of openings made in the ribbon.
• At least two security elements in particular films, may be superimposed on at least two sub-thicknesses facing one another, at least one aperture being made in the ribbon at the two sub-thicknesses.
• the sheet may in particular comprise on both sides of the strip a sub-thickness in which at least partially extends at least one security element, in particular a film extending parallel to the strip on contact.
• a security element, in particular a film may extend at least partially in each of the under-thicknesses of the sheet.
• the security elements in particular films, can be complementary, that is to say that during the observation in transvision of the two elements, it is possible to obtain different optical effects, for example moire effects and / or or combinatorial, for example the appearance of a pattern resulting from the superposition of patterns present on the two security elements.
• the security elements may for example have sufficient opacity to allow the observation of particular optical effects in transvision.
• the security elements, especially films, can be introduced near the round shape during the formation of the sheet.
• the thickness of the films is, for example, greater than or equal to 10 ⁇ m, preferably greater than or equal to 30 ⁇ m.
• the thickness of the films can be compensated at least partially by the under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses.
• the cumulative thickness of a film and the ribbon may be equal to the thickness of the vellum of the sheet to within plus or minus 5 microns, better plus or minus 3 microns.
• the films may include a specific material that collects light.
• Such luminescent light collecting materials that may be suitable are called "waveguides". These are, for example, polycarbonate-based polymer films, called LISA ® and marketed by Bayer.
• the films may be inks, varnishes, resins, strips cut, laminated, rolled, especially hot, or extruded.
• the films can be colored, including having different colors.
• the ribbon may comprise at least one security thread, in particular a security thread on which an electronic device appears, in particular an integrated microcircuit device, for example an RFID device.
• An electronic device in particular an integrated microcircuit device, for example an RFID device, may be at least partially housed in a sub-thickness, the sub-thickness at least partially compensating for the thickness of the electronic device.
• the ribbon may be perforated and fibers of the substrate may be included in the perforations of the ribbon.
• the fibers of the substrate in the perforations of the ribbon may be of different color than the ribbon.
• the ribbon and / or the substrate may have several particular characteristics mentioned below. These features can be applied to the entire ribbon and / or substrate or only part of the ribbon and / or substrate, and more preferentially to one or more parts of the ribbon and / or the substrate where there are one or more under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses.
• the ribbon may for example be combined with a strip of thermoplastic material and / or metal, for example PET, laminated or hot rolled to the ribbon before its introduction near the round shape.
• the ribbon and / or the substrate may be devoid of watermark.
• the ribbon and / or the substrate may comprise at least one watermark.
• the watermark of the ribbon may be at a sub-thickness or thickness of the security sheet.
• the watermark of the ribbon can also be juxtaposed with the watermark of the substrate so that this juxtaposition creates a new motif.
• the eventual watermark of the ribbon and / or substrate may be a clear watermark.
• the light areas of the watermark have a mass per unit area strictly lower than that of vellum.
• the watermark may be a dark watermark.
• the watermark may further be a multitone watermark comprising a set of light areas arranged to form a halftone image having light and dark tones.
• This raster image may comprise raster patterns formed for example by lines.
• Patent application EP 1 122 360 discloses the production of such a watermark.
• the possible watermarks of the ribbon and the substrate can also be superimposed to obtain a moiré effect.
• the ribbon may have optical properties that are different from those of the substrate, especially at a sub-thickness and / or an over-thickness, in particular the properties of coloration, fluorescence, phosphorescence, magneto-optics, photochromism. , thermochromic, piezochromic, iridescent, among others.
• the substrate and the ribbon may have different colors.
• the ribbon and the substrate may have a difference in color or color difference ⁇ E (according to the CIE Lab 1976 color space) greater than 0.2 and preferably greater than 1.
• ⁇ E according to the CIE Lab 1976 color space
• the human eye is more sensitive to a color difference on unsaturated hues, and one skilled in the art can adapt the color difference so as to obtain the desired "contrast".
• the ribbon may comprise a conventional or security ink, especially fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic, photochromic, thermochromic, piezochromic, iridescent, transparentizing, among others.
• the ink may be applied partially or totally to the ribbon, i.e. only to certain areas of the ribbon surface or to the entire ribbon surface.
• the ink can be applied to the ribbon by printing means such as offset, gravure, screen printing or inkjet printing.
• One or more security elements that can be chosen from the inks previously mentioned and can be applied at the level of the under-thickness or juxtaposed with the over-thickness.
• the ribbon can still be coated with a clear or colored varnish.
• the ribbon may include a fluorescent agent.
• the fluorescent agent may be colored or not, visible or invisible in visible light.
• the fluorescent agent may for example be incorporated in the mass of the ribbon.
• the fluorescent agent may be visible for example under ultraviolet (UV) and / or infrared (IR) light.
• the ribbon may extend between two opposite edges of the sheet.
• the ribbon may have irregularly shaped edges, for example in the form of broken or wavy lines, crenellations, zigzag, among others.
• the edges of the ribbon can have the same shapes or different shapes, regular or irregular.
• the ribbon may still have different characteristics perceptible for example to the sight or touch.
• the ribbon may for example be embossed, thus creating a particular effect, for example a tactile effect or relief on the surface.
• This effect can allow the formation of micro-reliefs on the ribbon, distinct from under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses.
• the ribbon may be coated with a thermoplastic polymer and optionally embossed as a result of this coating.
• the ribbon can be printed with drops of varnish, resin or heat-reflecting ink, among others.
• the ribbon may comprise a heat-reflecting ink for creating at least one relief, this ink being activated before introduction of the ribbon. Activation before incorporation reduces the risk of destructuring the sheet during swelling of the ink.
• the ribbon may comprise particles, for example detectable with the naked eye or with the touch, introduced in mass in the ribbon, for example in the form of balls, for example balls of a synthetic material, for example polyurethane, or mineral , for example glass, of dimension for example less than 300 microns, or by deposition by screen printing or heliogravure, for example in the form of beads, for example less than 100 microns in size.
• the ribbon may comprise a textile band, for example knitted, integrated ribbon or laminated tape.
• the ribbon may comprise textile fibers.
• the ribbon may be of a woven or a nonwoven.
• the ribbon may comprise an embossed printing, for example screen-printed.
• the ribbon may have a greasy, rough, smooth, silky, soft appearance, among other things.
• the ribbon may in particular comprise deposits of polymers, in particular in the form of beads, for example polyurethane (PU) beads, glass beads, polyamides 6 or 12, styrene-acrylic pigments, waxes or polypropylene beads ( PP), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymers based on methyl methacrylate.
• PU polyurethane
• PP polyethylene
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• the ribbon may advantageously retain its own cohesion after introduction into the fibrous substrate.
• the structure of the ribbon may be observable after its introduction into the fibrous substrate under certain conditions, for example in section or by vision in reflection or in transmission.
• the ribbon may still be observable by topography in the leaf.
• the ribbon may also, where appropriate, be observable by transparency in the sheet, in particular with the naked eye.
• a fibrous sheet preferably of low grammage, for example between about 15 and 90 g / m 2 , according to a common papermaking process, that is to say for example by draining a suspension of fibers optionally comprising conventional fillers and additives in the paper industry, any specific safety elements, pressing the fibrous mat obtained and drying.
• This sheet is then optionally calendered which allows in particular to reduce its thickness, and then cut to form ribbons which are then wound into coils.
• the ribbon may comprise cellulosic fibers (in particular cotton fibers) and / or natural organic fibers other than cellulosic and / or synthetic fibers, for example such as polyester or polyamide fibers, and / or possibly fibers. minerals, for example such as glass fibers.
• the ribbon may not include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers.
• the fibers may be hydrophilic, in particular so as to develop chemical bonds, mainly hydrogen, with the fibrous substrate.
• the ribbon may comprise in dry weight at least 50% of cellulosic fibers.
• the ribbon may comprise perforations, especially in order to promote drainage during the manufacture of the sheet or to add an additional optical effect, in particular in combination with at least one watermark.
• these perforations are arranged at the edge of said ribbon or so as to form a pattern or a code.
• the ribbon may include a watermark and perforations around this watermark.
• the ribbon may comprise at least one security element on one of its faces, or even on each of its faces.
• the ribbon may have different security features on each side.
• the ribbon may comprise one or more security elements superimposed on the ribbon in a sub-thickness or juxtaposed with an over-thickness of the ribbon, and / or security elements incorporated in the ribbon or placed on the ribbon independently of the under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses.
• security elements may be as described below.
• Some of the security features are detectable to the naked eye, in visible light, without the use of a particular device.
• These security features include for example, a watermark, colored fibers or boards, printed, metallized or holographic yarns, holographic foils, or optically variable impressions.
• security elements are detectable only with a relatively simple device such as a lamp emitting in the ultraviolet or infrared.
• These security elements comprise, for example, fibers, boards, strips, wires or particles. These security elements may be visible to the naked eye or not, being for example luminescent under a lighting of a Wood lamp emitting in a wavelength of 365 nm. These security elements are said to be second level.
• security elements still require for their detection a more sophisticated detection device.
• These security elements are for example capable of generating a specific signal when they are subjected, simultaneously or not, to one or more external excitation sources. The automatic detection of the signal makes it possible to authenticate, if necessary, the document.
• These security elements comprise for example tracers in the form of active material, particles or fibers, capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are subjected to optronic, electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic excitation. These security elements are said to be third level.
• the security elements carried by the ribbon may be first, second or third level.
• the security elements may in particular be chosen from tracers, in particular nanoscale, security fibers including metallic, magnetic (with soft magnetism and / or hard), or absorbable or excitable in the ultraviolet (UV), the visible or the infrared (IR) and in particular the near-infrared (NIR), flat and relatively small security elements such as boards, pigments or pigment agglomerates especially absorbent or excitable laser illumination or in the ultraviolet (UV) , the visible or the infrared (IR), in particular the near infrared (NIR), and the security threads (based on plastics, in particular polyester) including in particular an at least partial coating, metallic, metallized, iridescent or magnetic
• the coating possibly including patterns positive or negative and said patterns may in particular be obtained by demetallization, the chemical or biochemical reagents for tampering and / or authentication and / or identification may in particular react with at least one respectively falsifying agent and / or authentication and / or identification, and optically variable elements including holograms, liquid crystals, iridescent pigments or mirror effect structures, particularly dielectric, and combinations thereof.
• the ribbon may comprise a series of parallel security threads, and more particularly the succession of inter-thread spaces and / or the series of different widths of the security threads constitute a code, in particular of the barcode type.
• the ribbon may still include a soft magnetically anti-theft wire.
• the ribbon may also comprise at least one chemically or biochemical chemical tampering and / or authentication and / or identification reagent reacting in a colored manner, with at least one agent respectively for falsification and / or authentication and / or for 'identification.
• the ribbon may have perforations in a pattern or code. Depending on the differences in opacity and color between the substrate and the ribbon, the pattern or code is observable, or observable only in transmitted or observable light in both transmitted light and reflected light. If the ribbon has an invisible fluorescent print, the pattern may also be visible only under UV illumination. In particular, the pattern produced by perforation may comprise at least one alphanumeric character or an ideogram.
• this aperture may be superimposed at least partially with a corresponding aperture made in a second jet of paper attached to the first jet in which is incorporated the ribbon.
• the opening of the ribbon corresponds for example exactly to the opening of the second jet.
• At least one security element can be superimposed on the openwork, this security element being for example housed in a sub-thickness created in the first jet of paper by the ribbon.
• the presence of the a journey in the second jet may for example allow to observe the inner face of the security element, facing the ribbon.
• the latter may be fibrous or not.
• the invention can make it possible to produce a security sheet comprising two jets of paper each provided with a ribbon having made it possible to create a sub-thickness.
• Each sub-thickness can accommodate a security element.
• the ribbons may each comprise at least one zone of reduced opacity, for example defined by an aperture, and the two security elements arranged on either side of the set of ribbons may be observed in transvision through the dotted zones. reduced opacity of the ribbons. This may allow for example the observation of complementary patterns.
• the ribbons can be fibrous or not.
• the invention can make it possible to produce a security sheet by joining two paper jets each provided with a ribbon defining a sub-thickness.
• the two jets can be contiguous by the faces having the under-thicknesses, and these under-thicknesses can accommodate a third ribbon introduced between the jets. This third ribbon is thus between the ribbons incorporated within each of the jets.
• the invention can also make it possible to produce a security sheet comprising two strips arranged so as to provide a space between them, these strips forming extra thicknesses on one face of the sheet, with respect to the fibrous substrate, a security element being disposed between the protruding portions of the ribbons.
• the presence of the ribbons makes it possible to protect the security element against a risk of crushing, for example.
• the tape may be free of a surface coating, in particular free of a pigmented layer.
• the good affinity between the fibrous substrate and the ribbon is thus favored.
• the ribbon may have a wet strength (REH) with respect to traction greater than 30%, in particular so as not to cause problems when introduced into the sheet.
• REH wet strength
• the ribbon may comprise an adhesive, for example a heat-sealing agent, in order to improve its cohesion within the fibrous substrate.
• an adhesive for example a heat-sealing agent
• the tape has an adhesive
• the latter makes it possible to optimize the adhesion of the ribbon in the sheet.
• the adhesive may for example be a heat-sealing coating, for example a heat-sealing varnish, an ultraviolet (UV) cross-linkable agent, an adhesive to be irradiated, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), a varnish with a solvent base, of the type polyester for example, an adhesive in the aqueous phase, etc.
• a heat-sealing coating for example a heat-sealing varnish, an ultraviolet (UV) cross-linkable agent, an adhesive to be irradiated, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), a varnish with a solvent base, of the type polyester for example, an adhesive in the aqueous phase, etc.
• UV ultraviolet
• PSA pressure-sensitive adhesive
• Mowilith DC aqueous dispersion of vinyl acetate homopolymer with particles of size ranging from 0.3 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m and glass transition temperature T g of 38 About C °, and solids dry content between 55 and 57%) and Vinamul 3265 from the company CELANESE; DH9004, DH9017, DH9044 and DL5001 from the company COLLANO; Primal NWl 845, Primal LC40, Primal P308M and Primal EP6000 from Rohm &Haas; the 006SDW078-2 from BASF.
• the adhesive may advantageously be an adhesive based on polyvinyl acetate such as Mowilith DC.
• the Applicant has found that among the adhesives mentioned above, the
• Vinamul 3265, Mowilith DC, Collano DL5001, Primai NWl 845 and Primai P308M have very good results in the dry crumple test, ie the adhesion of the ribbon in the paper is not overly affected by wrinkling.
• Vinamul 3265 and Mowilith DC also perform very well in the wet crumple test.
• Mowilith DC has very good results in the washing test.
• Mowilith DC provides very good results in terms of adhesiveness, but the invention is not limited to a particular adhesive.
• the adhesive is not present in fiber form or in particulate form.
• the addition of the adhesive to the security tape may in particular be done by a coating process, for example a coating, or by processes resulting from printing techniques of a paper base after its manufacture, for example coating air-blast, rotogravure, screen printing, curtain coating, flexography, among others.
• the coating of the adhesive for example on a fibrous sheet used for the manufacture of the ribbon, can be carried out for example at a rate of 2 to 15 g / m 2 per side, preferably between 3 and 8 g / m 2 per face.
• the sealing temperature can vary between 70 and 135 0 C, for example, depending on the adhesive used, and the sealing can take place during the drying of the security sheet.
• the coating can be carried out at least partially at the core, that is to say reach in depth, or even in full or on the surface of the ribbon.
• the coating is performed on the support used for the manufacture of the tape before cutting the support.
• the coating can be performed during the manufacture of the support for the manufacture of the tape.
• the coating can be performed on one side of the support or on both sides of the support.
• the adhesive can completely cover the face on which it is deposited.
• the incorporation of the adhesive tape can also be done by impregnation, by dipping the ribbon or the support used to make it in a bath.
• a 20 g / m 2 fibrous sheet having undergone a wet strength treatment is coated with an adhesive in the aqueous phase at a rate of 5 g / m 2. m 2 per side, using a rotogravure process for example. This gives a satisfactory compromise between adhesion power and amount of coated material.
• substrate denotes a fibrous sheet that may especially comprise one or more fibrous layers.
• jets will be used to denote layers produced continuously on the same paper machine and then associated with the wet state.
• the substrate may comprise at least one security element as described above, for example chosen from tracers, in particular nanometric tracers, especially metallic, magnetic (soft magnetism and / or hard) security fibers, or absorbent or excitable fibers in the ultraviolet (UV), visible or infrared (IR) and in particular the near infrared (NIR), flat and relatively small security elements such as boards, pigments or pigment agglomerates including absorbent or excitable under Laser illumination or in the ultraviolet (UV), visible or infrared (IR), in particular the near infrared (NIR), and security son (generally based plastics, including polyester) including a coating at least partial, metallic, metallized, iridescent or magnetic (with soft magnetism and / or hard), the coating may include in particular positive or negative patterns and patterns in particular being able to be obtained by demetallisation, the chemical or biochemical reagents for tampering and / or authentication and / or identification which may in particular react with at least one agent for falsification and
• the fibrous substrate may in particular comprise safety elements visible to the naked eye, but it may also comprise tracers which are in the form of active material, particles or fibers, capable of generating a specific signal when these tracers are submitted. to optronic, electrical, magnetic or electromagnetic excitation.
• tracers constitute an identifiable substance through a distinctive property and used to mark an element (a security document in this case) and ensure its follow-up, the follow-up of its evolution or allow its recognition, authentication or identification.
• the dielectric structures with a mirror effect consist of an alternation of high and low index layers, for example respectively of Hafhium dioxide and of silica, and may in particular be obtained by ion etching.
• the fibrous substrate comprises at least one chemically or biochemical chemical tampering and / or authentication and / or identification reagent reacting in a colored manner, with at least one respectively falsifying agent and / or or authentication and / or identification.
• the fibrous substrate may be based on fibers as described above for the ribbon.
• the fibrous substrate and the ribbon are based on the same fibers, that is to say that their fiber composition is the same in nature and preferably in the same proportions, this allows a good affinity between both components and can, in addition, be an additional means of authentication.
• the invention also relates, in another of its aspects, to a sheet comprising a fibrous ribbon partially embedded in a fibrous substrate made using a single-jet paper machine, the ribbon having at least one face, which is located in hollow or protruding from the vellum of the sheet and not completely covered by the substrate.
• the invention further relates, in another of its aspects, to a sheet comprising a fibrous ribbon and a fibrous substrate, at least one security element being placed at the level of the ribbon, in particular superimposed on the ribbon and having a thickness which is compensated at least partially by a difference in thickness between the ribbon and the vellum of the sheet and / or by an opening of the ribbon.
• Another subject of the invention is a sheet comprising a first and a second fibrous jets placed side by side, the first jet comprising a ribbon, fibrous or otherwise, forming a sub-thickness on the face of the first jet opposed to the second jet, and the second jet having an aperture which is superimposed at least partially, preferably exactly, with an opening of the ribbon.
• Another subject of the invention is a sheet comprising two fibrous jets placed side by side, each of the jets comprising a ribbon, fibrous or non-fibrous, each forming a sub-thickness on each of the faces of the non-contiguous jets. between them, each ribbon having an aperture, the openings overlapping at least partially, preferably exactly.
• the invention further relates, in another of its aspects, a sheet having two fibrous jets contiguous to each other, each having a ribbon, fibrous or not, each creating a sub-thickness, the under-thickness being superimposed at least partially , preferably exactly between them, so as to arrange between the jets a cavity that can accommodate another ribbon, fibrous or not.
• the invention further relates, according to another of its aspects, to a sheet comprising a fibrous substrate comprising two ribbons, fibrous or not, forming two super-thicknesses on the surface of the sheet, the ribbons being spaced apart from one another. other so that a security element can be placed between the two ribbons.
• the sheet can be obtained by the method described above.
• the sheet may comprise any of the characteristics mentioned above.
• the invention also relates to a security document comprising a sheet as defined above.
• This document can be manufactured by cutting, binding, binding, rolling, gluing and / or laminating this sheet.
• the security document may be a means of payment, such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket, an identity document such as an identity card or a visa or a passport or a passport. driver's license, a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket to cultural or sporting events.
• a means of payment such as a bank note, a check or a restaurant ticket
• an identity document such as an identity card or a visa or a passport or a passport. driver's license, a lottery ticket, a ticket or a ticket to cultural or sporting events.
• the invention also relates to an article to be authenticated comprising the sheet as defined or obtained previously, the article being chosen from a security label, a packaging, in particular a packaging for drugs or for food or for cosmetics or perfumes or for electronic parts or for spare parts, a sheet used in the medical or hospital field, including a paper used to make sterilization packaging, and still a paper art.
• Figure 1 illustrates, in section, an example of incorporation of the ribbon according to the invention
• Figures 2 and 3 illustrate, in section, other examples of incorporation of the ribbon according to the invention
• Figures 4 to 10 show, in section examples of sheets according to the invention
• - figure 11 shows, in top view
• the sheet of figure 10 represents, in view from below
• the sheet of figure 10 and figures 13 to 15 show, in section, variants of sheets according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an example of embodiment of a ribbon 3 in a method of manufacturing a sheet 1 according to the invention.
• the method is implemented on a paper machine, partially shown, equipped with a lifting cylinder 40 and a round shape 4, partially immersed in a fibrous suspension 5, and allows the formation of a sheet 1 comprising a jet of a fibrous substrate 2 and a fibrous tape 3.
• the fibrous tape 3 is introduced in direct contact with the round shape 4 by one of these faces before entering the fibrous suspension 5 allowing the formation of the substrate 2.
• the ribbon 3 may have undergone treatment on at least a portion of the face 6 preventing any fiber deposition of the fibrous suspension 5.
• One or more under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses can be formed at the level of the ribbon 3 and one or more security elements can be applied at the level of the ribbon 3, in particular superimposed on under-thicknesses or juxtaposed with extra thicknesses.
• the sheet 1 After formation of the sheet 1 on the round shape 4 and draining of the fibrous suspension 5 on the fabric of the round shape 4, the sheet 1 can be pressed and then dried according to the current papermaking process.
• the sheet 1 obtained before drying is wet-bristled with other jets whose fibrous compositions may be identical or different and which may be formed on paper machines at the table. flat, with a forming cylinder or with a round shape.
• FIG. 2 illustrates another example of incorporation of a ribbon 3 in a method of manufacturing a sheet 1 according to the invention.
• the method may for example be implemented on the same paper machine as that shown in Figure 1.
• the ribbon 3 is introduced close to the round shape 4 in the fibrous suspension 5 while fibers are already deposited on the round shape 4.
• the two faces 6 and 9 of the ribbon 3 may be covered, at least partially, with fibers of the fibrous suspension 5. It is possible to obtain one or more under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses at the level of the ribbon 3 by 1 any of the previously described ways.
• One or more security elements may be incorporated at or near the under-thicknesses or over-thicknesses.
• the sheet 1 After formation, the sheet 1 can be treated in the same manner as described above.
• FIG. 3 illustrates the possibility of incorporating the ribbon 3 into the sheet 1 by bringing it into contact with the jet 2a formed on the round shape 4 at the outlet of the shape tank.
• the ribbon 3 can be inserted between the jet 2a coming out of the shaped vessel and a jet 2b which can be produced by any paper-making means.
• an extra thickness may be formed on the sheet 1 at the ribbon 3, this extra thickness protruding, for example on the outer face of the jet 2b and / or the jet 2a.
• FIGS. 4 and 5 show examples of sheets 1 obtained by a process according to the invention.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a sheet 1 obtainable by the method illustrated in FIG. 1.
• the sheet 1 comprises a ribbon 3 whose face 9 is not covered with fibers of the fibrous suspension 5 and thus remains visible on the sheet 1.
• the ribbon 3 may have a thickness eR less than that of the vellum of the sheet
• the thickness e of the vellum of the sheet 1 is greater than the total thickness e 2 of the sheet 1 in the region of the sheet 1 where the ribbon 3 appears, this thickness e 2 corresponding for example to the thickness e R of the ribbon 3.
• FIG. 5 represents a sheet 1 obtainable by the method illustrated in FIG. 2.
• the sheet 1 comprises a ribbon 3 whose face 9 is entirely covered with fibers of the fibrous suspension 5 and is thus not visible on the sheet 1.
• the ribbon 3 may have a thickness eR less than that of the vellum of the sheet
• the thickness e of the sheet 1, in particular of the substrate 2 is greater than the thickness e 2 of the sheet 1 in which the ribbon 3 appears.
• the thickness e is in particular equal to the sum of the value ⁇ e " of the under-thickness 7 and the thickness e 2 of the sheet 1 in which the ribbon 3 appears, the latter being itself equal to the sum of the thickness e R of the ribbon 3 and the thickness e 3 of the fibers of the fibrous suspension 5 in contact with the face 9 of the ribbon 3.
• the under thicknesses 7 created may allow the incorporation of one or more security elements on the sheets 1 of FIGS. 4 and 5.
• the different thicknesses may be equal to the values mentioned above.
• the thickness e R of the ribbon 3 may be greater than 10 ⁇ m, preferably between 20 and 120 ⁇ m and more preferably between 30 and 80 ⁇ m.
• the ⁇ e " value of the under-thickness 7 may be greater than or equal to 15 ⁇ m, preferably 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 60 ⁇ m.
• FIG. 6 shows an example of sheet 1 that can for example be obtained by the method illustrated in FIG.
• the sheet 1 comprises a ribbon 3 at the level of which is a sub-thickness 7.
• the ribbon 3 comprises an electronic device 20, in particular in the form of an RFID device, for example incorporated in the ribbon 3 during the manufacture of the ribbon 3.
• One or more security elements may be incorporated in the sheet 1 at the face 6 of the ribbon 3, in particular to protect the electronic device 20.
• a second jet or a film may come to cover the substrate 2 on the side of the face 6 of the ribbon 3 in order to protect the electronic device 20.
• FIG. 7 illustrates another example of sheet 1, in which the ribbon 3 comprises an electronic device 20, in particular in the form of an RFID device, which is fixed, for example by gluing, on the face 6 of the ribbon 3.
• the electronic device 20 has, for example, a width substantially equal to the width of the ribbon 3.
• the value ⁇ e " of the under-thickness 7 may for example completely compensate for the thickness eo of the electronic device 20.
• the thickness Q 2 of the sheet 1 in which the ribbon 3 appears may be equal to the sum of the thickness eo of the electronic device 20 and the thickness eR of the ribbon 3.
• FIG. 8 shows an example of a sheet 1 obtainable by the method illustrated in Figure 1.
• the ribbon 3 has a thickness eR greater than that of the vellum of the sheet 1 and in this way, an over-thickness 8 is created at the face 6 of the ribbon 3.
• the over-thickness 8 can have a value ⁇ e + which corresponds to the difference between the thickness e R of the ribbon 3 and the thickness e of the vellum of the sheet 1.
• the thickness Q 2 of the sheet 1 where the ribbon 3 is shown corresponds to the thickness eR ribbon 3.
• the ⁇ e + value of the over-thickness 8 may be less than 20 ⁇ m.
• the ribbon 3 may advantageously comprise polyethylene fibers.
• the polyethylene fibers can melt and be made transparent.
• the embossing may make it possible to obtain a face 6 of the ribbon 3 which is substantially flat and substantially in the extension of the substrate 2, or else to make a window or a strip of reduced opacity without obtaining a difference in thickness with respect to the substrate. .
• the relief 11 created also makes it possible to obtain tactile effects on the face 6 of the ribbon 3.
• FIG. 9 shows a sheet 1 comprising two jets 2a and 2b.
• the jet 2a carries the ribbon 3, the latter having for example been incorporated in the jet 2a according to the method described above with reference to FIG.
• the second jet 2b is for example attached to the first jet 2a on the side thereof which is opposite to the under-thickness 7.
• the second jet 2b may comprise, as illustrated, an aperture, for example a window 22b, which may come superimpose with an aperture, for example a window 22a, of the ribbon 3.
• the under-thickness 7 can accommodate a security element 21 and the presence of the window 22b superimposed on the window 22a can be used to observe the inner face 21a of the security element 21 from the outer face of the jet 2b.
• first jet 2a With the ribbon 3 and perform the wet marriage of the first and second jets 2a and 2b.
• the assembly formed by the two jets 2a and 2b and the ribbon 3 can be perforated so as to create the openings 22a and 22b and the security element 21 can be laminated with the first jet 2a so as to be superimposed on the ribbon 3 and for example, to assemble to this one.
• the second jet 2b does not include the a journey
• 22b may for example include an ink impression to make it transparent.
• the security element is for example a transparent film 21, thicker than the transparent films usually used in the prior art.
• the transparent film 21 may be introduced online, for example between two paper jets or on a single jet when it is sufficiently formed. It may alternatively be introduced offline, for example by a lamination and / or laminating process.
• the transparent film 21 may for example be made of stretched polyester or stretched polycarbonate, and may have a thickness greater than or equal to 30 ⁇ m, preferably greater than or equal to 40 ⁇ m.
• the transparent film 21 may also comprise patterns, obtained for example by laser etching or intaglio printing on the transparent film 21.
• the transparent film 21 may still be an ink, a varnish or a resin.
• the transparent film 21 can protect the electronic device.
• the transparent film 21 may also be made of a textile bonded or fixed in the under-thickness 7.
• the thickness e of the transparent film 21 corresponds substantially to the value ⁇ e " of the under-thickness 7, being for example equal to 40 ⁇ m
• the jet 2a can for example have a thickness e of 115 ⁇ m.
• FIG. 10 an alternative embodiment of a sheet 1 according to the invention comprising two paper jets 2a and 2b each comprising a corresponding ribbon 3a and 3b, these strips 3a and 3b having for example been introduced into the corresponding jet according to the method described with reference to FIG.
• Each jet 2a and 2b respectively comprises a corresponding sub-thickness 7a and 7b related to the respective presence of the ribbon 3a and 3b.
• the two jets 2a and 2b are assembled so that the under-thicknesses 7a and 7b formed in the respective substrates are directed towards the opposite faces of the sheet 1.
• Each sub-thickness 7a or 7b accommodates a corresponding security element 21 or 23.
• the respective thicknesses es and es' of the security elements 21 and 23 correspond for example substantially to the under-thicknesses 7a and 7b.
• the ribbons 3a and 3b may each comprise a corresponding aperture 22a and 22b, these openings may be superimposed at least partially, preferably exactly.
• the security elements 21 and 23 are preferably not entirely opaque, so as to allow to observe in transvision particular effects, through the openings 22a and 22b.
• the transparent film 21 may for example have a thickness of 20 microns.
• the transparent film 23 may for example have a thickness es' of 15 microns.
• the ribbon 3 may for example have a thickness eR of 60 microns.
• the values ⁇ e " and ⁇ e " 'of the under-thicknesses 7 can respectively completely compensate for the thicknesses es and es' of the films 21 and 23.
• the thickness e of the vellum of the sheet 1 can correspond to the sum of the thicknesses es and es' films 21 and 23 and eR thicknesses a and erb tapes 3a and 3b.
• the transparent films 21 and 23 may be fluorescent with different colors.
• the transparent films 21 and 23 may make it possible to obtain the optical effects described above. They may for example comprise patterns allowing the observation of other patterns by moire effects and / or combinatorics. In the examples of Figures 9 and 10, one or more security elements 21 and 23 could alternatively extend at least partially in one or more openings 22a and 22b, although not shown.
• Figures 11 and 12 respectively show in top view and in bottom view, the sheet 1 of Figure 10.
• FIG. 13 represents an alternative embodiment in which the sheet 1 comprises two jets 2a and 2b each comprising a corresponding ribbon 3a and 3b having made it possible to create a corresponding under-thickness 7a and 7b.
• the two jets 2a and 2b are assembled with the sub-thicknesses 7a and 7b facing one another so as to provide between the two jets a cavity which can accommodate, as shown, a third ribbon 3c.
• Each jet 2a and 2b can be made with its ribbon 3a and 3b corresponding and the third ribbon 3c can be introduced between the jets at the time of assembly.
• the third ribbon 3c can be any security element.
• FIG. 14 shows an alternative embodiment in which the jet of the substrate 2 is formed in contact with a round shape whose fabric T has a relief R making it possible to make a recess 50 on the substrate 2.
• the ribbon 3 is incorporated in the fibrous suspension after a certain thickness e 3 has accumulated on the relief R of the fabric T. This gives a paper jet having on the side of the ribbon 3 a sub-thickness 7 and on the side opposite also a sub-thickness 50, related to the presence of the relief R.
• FIG. 15 shows a sheet 1 in which the substrate 2 carries two strips 3 which are spaced apart by a distance d ranging, for example, from 3 to 20 mm.
• the thickness e 3 of substrate under each ribbon 3 is identical, as illustrated, but it could alternatively be different, if the ribbons are introduced in contact with the fibers accumulated on the round fabric at different locations and / or if the thicknesses of the ribbons 3 are different.
• the ribbons 3 each form a height allowance ⁇ e + and the space 60 formed between the extra thicknesses created by the ribbons 3 accommodates a security element 21 which may be arbitrary, in particular one of those mentioned above. .
• This security element 21 has a thickness es which is for example less than ⁇ e + or equal, so as to be protected against a risk of crushing by the presence of the ribbons 3.
• the ribbon (s) of the sheet according to the invention are fibrous.
• this or these ribbons could be non-fibrous, for example be synthetic ribbons, for example formed by cutting thermoplastic films.

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• 2008
  • 2008-04-11 FR FR0852472A patent/FR2929962B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-04-07 EP EP09742257A patent/EP2268865A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-04-07 BR BRPI0911661A patent/BRPI0911661A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2009-04-07 US US12/936,266 patent/US20110056638A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-04-07 CA CA2720661A patent/CA2720661A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-04-07 WO PCT/FR2009/050594 patent/WO2009136059A2/fr active Application Filing

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