EP2268790A1 - Procede d'obtention de mycelium de tuber magnatum et mycelium obtenu par le procede - Google Patents
Procede d'obtention de mycelium de tuber magnatum et mycelium obtenu par le procedeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2268790A1 EP2268790A1 EP09742247A EP09742247A EP2268790A1 EP 2268790 A1 EP2268790 A1 EP 2268790A1 EP 09742247 A EP09742247 A EP 09742247A EP 09742247 A EP09742247 A EP 09742247A EP 2268790 A1 EP2268790 A1 EP 2268790A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mycelium
- roots
- tuber
- magnatum
- tuber magnatum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/10—Mycorrhiza; Mycorrhizal associations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H15/00—Fungi; Lichens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H17/00—Symbiotic or parasitic combinations including one or more new plants, e.g. mycorrhiza
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of production of Tuber magnatum, commonly referred to as white truffle, which is an edible mushroom with great commercial value.
- Tuber magnatum also known as Piedmont white truffle or Alba truffle, is a rare edible mushroom that is very popular with consumers.
- Tuber magnatum is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that grows and matures from October to December in the clay-limestone soils of northern Italy, usually at a depth of 5 to 50 centimeters. This fungus lives in symbiosis preferentially with poplars (black poplar, white poplar, aspen, etc.).
- Tuber magnatum can also live in symbiosis with other tree species such as oaks, linden trees and hazel trees.
- Tuber magnatum is rare in nature but is highly valued by consumers, there is a need for the development of techniques to make this fungus available to the public in the desired quantity and quality.
- techniques for obtaining, in the desired quantity and quality, Tuber magnatum mycelium in order to achieve the mycorrhization of compatible species, then to cultivate mycorrhizal species for the production of these mushrooms.
- mycorrhizal species for the production of these mushrooms.
- Murat et al. had confirmed that no technique for the controlled production of Tuber magnatum was possible in 2005, while such techniques were fully available for Tuber borchii and Tuber uncinatum and Tuber melanosporum (Murat et al., 2005, FEMS Microbiology Letters, Vl. 245: 307-313).
- these authors focused on studying the interactions of Tuber magnatum with its ecosystem and the results obtained concluded that additional analyzes were needed to improve knowledge of the Tuber magnatum ecosystem and thus increase the chances of success. of success for a future development of an experimental production of this mushroom.
- Barbieri et al. Barbieri et al.
- the present invention relates to a method for obtaining Tuber magnatum mycelium comprising the following steps: a) cultivating in vitro one or more fragments of Tuber magnatum tissue in the presence of plant roots, and b) collecting the Tuber magnatum mycelium. obtained at the end of step a), associated or not associated with the roots of plants.
- the plant roots consist of roots transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
- the roots are from plants of a genus selected from Pinus, Picea, Abies, Corylus, Castanea, Tilia, Cedrus, Populus, Quercus, Cistus and Daucus.
- step a) of in vitro culture is carried out in a culture medium comprising one or more strains of bacteria naturally associated with fungi of the genus Tuber, including bacteria of the species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
- said method comprises the following additional step: c) transferring the mycelium collected in step b) into a root-free culture medium.
- said method after step c), comprises the following additional step: d) culturing in said root-free culture medium, the mycelium transferred to step c).
- the present invention also relates to a Tuber magnatum mycelium characterized in that it is obtained by the process defined above.
- the present invention also relates to a method of plant mycorrhization by Tuber magnatum comprising the following steps: a) inoculation by contacting the roots of seedlings or cuttings with a Tuber magnatum mycelium obtained by the method or with a mycelium of Tuber magnatum as defined above; b) in vitro culture of the seedlings or inoculated cuttings obtained in step a) until the appearance of mycorrhizae.
- FIGURES Figure 1 illustrates the growth curve of Tuber magnatum in the presence of poplar roots transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. On the ordinate: size of the Tuber magnatum mycelium, expressed in millimeters. On the abscissa, time elapsed from the incubation of the carpophore fragment with the poplar roots, expressed in days.
- Figure 2 illustrates a comparison of the growth level of Tuber magnatum mycelium, respectively in the absence (left part of Figure 2) or in the presence (right part of Figure 2) of Ciste roots transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. On the ordinate: production of mycelium cultures from a piece of Tuber magnatum (percent).
- Figure 3 shows a snapshot of an agar explant containing Tuber magnatum mycelium in the absence of plant root.
- Figure 4 shows a snapshot of an agar explant containing Tuber magnatum mycelium in the presence of Populus roots transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, 6 weeks after the start of incubation.
- Fig. 5 is a snapshot of an agar explant containing Tuber magnatum mycelium in the presence of Daucus carota roots transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, 6 weeks after the start of incubation.
- Figure 6 is a snapshot of an agar explant containing Tuber magnatum mycelium in the presence of Cistus roots transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, 6 weeks after the start of incubation.
- Figure 7 shows a snapshot of seedlings (cuttings) of Populus mycorrhizae by Tuber magnatum.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the comparison of the growth level of the Tuber melanosporum mycelium, respectively in the absence (Mel-28) or in the presence (Mel-28 + cistus) of Ciste roots transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, after 9 months of incubation. On the ordinate: percentage of production of mycelium cultures from T. melanosporum mycelium fragments.
- Tuber magnatum mycelium can be obtained in a simple manner by cultivating in vitro, under controlled conditions, a fragment of Tuber magnatum tissue in the presence of plant roots.
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining mycelium from
- Tuber magnatum comprising the following steps: a) cultivating in vitro one or more fragments of Tuber magnatum tissue in the presence of plant roots, and b) collecting the Tuber magnatum mycelium obtained at the end of step a), in association or not with plant roots.
- a single fragment of Tuber magnatum tissue is sufficient in step a) to obtain mycelium at the end of step a).
- two tissue fragments or more than two fragments of Tuber magnatum tissue can be cultured in vitro in step a) without particular disadvantage.
- one or more Tuber magnatum carpophore fragments are used in step a) in step a) in step a).
- the process according to the invention can also be carried out using, in step a), fragments of other types of Tuber magnatum tissue, such as mycorrhizal fragments or fragments of mycelium.
- the fragments of carpophore include, inter alia, spores and / or gleba.
- Gleba is condensed mycelium.
- the method of producing mycelium can be implemented using directly gleba or spores from the carpophore, gleba and spores being considered fragments of carpophore.
- Tuber magnatum carpophore fragments it will generally be preferred to use one or more Tuber magnatum carpophore fragments, because the carpophore is an organ for which the morphological characteristics of Tuber magnatum are most readily recognizable. Tuber magnatum mycelium grown in vitro obtained by said method will also be used.
- Tuber magnatum fragments collected in the internal tissues of the carpophore to avoid introducing undesirable soil microorganisms into subsequent cultures. These undesirable microorganisms are located on the outer surface of the carpophores, in contact with the soil.
- the Tuber magnatum tissue fragment (s) and the plant roots are contacted with each other during step a).
- Tuber magnatum mycelium can be produced during step a) of in vitro culture without close physical contact between the Tuber magnatum tissue fragment and the plant roots.
- the inventors believe that the roots of growing plants that are present in step a) of the process produce or release one or more metabolites that are necessary for the development or growth of the mycelium.
- the Tuber magnatum tissue fragment (s) are simply incubated together in step a), the important characteristic being the presence of plant roots. This joint incubation allows metabolites released by the plant roots into the culture medium to diffuse into the culture medium to the Tuber magnatum tissue fragment (s). It should be noted that the root introduced into the environment is free of all mycorrhizae.
- the plant root introduced into the culture medium is not mycorrhized by the mycelium of T magnatum, growing even after physical contact with each other.
- the production process of the mycelium according to the present invention therefore, there is no close physical interaction (i.e., symbiotic association) between the growing mycelium and the plant root.
- step a) can be performed with a wide variety of plant roots.
- isolated root tissue that has been previously prepared from plants is used in step a).
- the isolated root tissue is subjected to one or more intense washing steps, for example with sterile water or with culture medium, in order to eliminate almost all or all the microorganisms likely to be therein. initially associated.
- one or more intense washing steps for example with sterile water or with culture medium, in order to eliminate almost all or all the microorganisms likely to be therein. initially associated.
- plant roots isolated from a whole plant and having been subjected to one or more appropriate washing steps can be used successfully in step a) of the process.
- roots isolated from whole plants have reduced longevity. Such roots have in particular the disadvantage of developing and differentiating in the culture medium and thus giving birth to seedlings.
- step a) of the method is carried out preferentially with root tissue whose ability of the constituent cells to differentiate into tissues other than root tissue has been blocked.
- plant roots are used which have been transformed with
- Agrobacterium rhizogenes The roots of plants transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes are transformed into "hairy roots" which have the advantage of developing exclusively into a root tissue that can be grown in the long term and transplanted, without requiring a new recourse to a stage of isolation of roots from an entire plant.
- the inventors believe that the roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, also called “hairy roots” or “root organ cultures” (ROC), produce during their growth important secondary metabolites which contribute to the development of Tuber magnatum mycelium, in step a) of the process of the invention.
- the plant roots used in step a) of the process may be derived from a transformation with different bacterial strains, such as strains 15384, 1724, 8196 or 2659 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
- roots from a wide variety of plants can be used in step a) since tuber magnatum mycelium is produced with roots of plants as far apart as the species.
- step a) roots of a plant belonging to a woody species are used.
- step a) of the method roots of host plants of
- roots originating from plants of a genus chosen from among Pinus, Picea, Abies, Salix, Ostrya, Corylus, Castanea, Tilia, Cedrus, Populus, Quercus, Cistus and Daucus are used. where appropriate in the form of plants or hybrid varieties.
- Populus nigra, Populus alba, Populus trichocarpa, Populus deltoids, Populus simonii, Populus tremula, Populus yunnannensis, Populus canescens and Populus canescens may be used as roots of the genus Populus.
- roots of plants of the genus Cistus it is possible to use the roots of the following species of cistus: Cistus albidus, Cistus crispus, Cistus creticus, Cistus incanus, Cistus monseliensis, Cistus ladaniferus, Cistus laurifolius, Cistus populifolius, Cistus salvifolius, Cistus clusii , Cistus inflatus and Cistus pouzolzii.
- Corylus maxima, Corylus colurna, Corylus chinensis, Corylus americana, Corylus avellana, Corylus cornuta, Corylus ferox, Corylus heterophylla, Corylus jacquemontii, Corylus sieboldiana may be used as roots of plants of the genus Corylus. and Corylus tibetica.
- Tilia platyphyllos Tilia americana, Tilia amurensis, Tilia chinensis, Tilia cordata, Tilia dasystyla, Tilia xeuchlora, Tilia xeuropacea, Tilia xflavescens, Tilia henryana, and Tilia platyphyllos, Tilia americana, Tilia , Tilia insularis, Tilia intonsa, Tilia japonica, Tilia kiusiana, Tilia mandshurica and Tilia maximaowicziana.
- roots of plants of the genus Salix it is possible to use roots from the following willow species: Salix caprea and Salix viminalis.
- the process for obtaining Tuber magnatum mycelium according to the invention is carried out under so-called axenic conditions, ie under controlled conditions in which the culture medium of step a) does not comprise undesirable microorganisms, for example microorganisms resulting from undesirable contamination of the plant roots used or undesirable contamination of the culture medium used.
- a sterile culture medium is used as with any cell culture.
- the sterility of the roots or fragments of Tuber magnatum tissue used can be obtained according to conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art, such as that the elimination of microorganisms by one or more washing steps, and / or prior steps of incubation in a salt buffer, for example a culture medium, comprising antibiotics.
- a salt buffer for example a culture medium, comprising antibiotics.
- a liquid or solid medium comprising one or more antibiotics chosen from cefotaxime sodium, disodium carboline, vancomycin, ampicillin sodium, claforan, streptomycin sulfate or tetracycline, for example at a concentration which may be go from 100 to 500 ⁇ g / mL
- prior decontamination of the plant roots is performed and the Tuber magnatum tissue fragment (s) are not decontaminated, such that the tissue fragments of Tuber magnatum are removed. are likely to contain cells of one or more bacterial species that are naturally present in the environment of this fungus when found in the ground.
- said process is carried out under completely axenic conditions, with prior decontamination of both (i) the Tuber magnatum fragment (s) and (ii) plant, and use of a sterile culture medium.
- step a) of in vitro culture is carried out in a culture medium comprising one or more strains of bacteria naturally associated with fungi of the genus Tuber.
- step a) of culture is carried out with fragments of Tuber magnatum tissue which have not undergone a decontamination step by elimination of the associated microorganisms.
- step a) of culture is carried out under axenic conditions and naturally occurring bacteria associated with fungi of the genus Tuber are added to the culture medium at the beginning of step a) .
- Tuber and particularly bacteria associated with Tuber magnatum, may be selected from the bacteria described by Barbieri et al. (2007, Environmental Microbiology, Vol 9 (No. 9):
- bacteria of the species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are added.
- tissue fragments of Tuber magnatum are cultured in step a).
- plant roots in the presence of bacteria associated with fungi of the genus Tuber, and more particularly in presence of bacteria of the species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are described in the examples.
- step a) When the process of the invention is carried out under axenic conditions with addition of exogenous bacteria naturally associated with the fungus of the genus Tuber, at the beginning of step a) the amount of bacteria appropriate to obtain a final concentration of at least 10 and at most 10 9 bacterial cells per ml of culture medium at the time of their addition.
- step a the growth of the bacteria is very moderate.
- a ternary combination of (i) fragment (s) of Tuber magnatum tissue, (ii) plant roots and (iii) naturally occurring bacteria is cultured in vitro. associated with fungi of the genus Tuber, and more particularly bacteria associated with Tuber magnatum.
- step a) of in vitro culture is carried out at a temperature ranging from 1 0 0 C to 30 0 C and very preferably from 15 0 C to 25 0 C.
- step a) of in vitro culture is carried out in the dark.
- the culture medium used in step a) may be any type of suitable culture medium, known to those skilled in the art.
- medium M minimum medium
- medium M the composition of which is described in particular by Bpati et al. (1988, New Phytol., Vol 108: 21-218).
- a culture medium comprising a gelling agent is used.
- agar may be used as a gelling agent to form an agar medium. It is also possible to use a gelling agent chosen from agar and phytogel. For example, the gelling agent sold under the name Phytagel® may be used by Sigma-Aldrich.
- the amount of gelling agent present in the culture medium can be easily adapted by those skilled in the art.
- the amount of gelling agent depends on the gelling agent used and the final viscosity desired for the culture medium used in step a) of the process.
- the culture medium used in step a) may comprise an amount of gelling agent of at least 3 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the culture medium, preferably at least 5 percent by weight. percent by weight, based on the total weight of the culture medium.
- the amount of gelling agent is at most 15 percent by weight, preferably at most 10 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the culture medium.
- Step a) can be performed in various types of containers or culture dishes.
- Step a) is conventionally carried out in petri dishes.
- the mycelium, associated or not with the roots of plants, is collected in step b) at a time when the skilled person estimates that the amount of mycelium produced is sufficient for the intended use, for example to achieve a or several subcultures of mycelium by transplanting or to perform mycorhization of plants.
- the mycelium can be recovered in step b) when its size at the end of step a) reaches 50 millimeters or more, for example 80 millimeters or more.
- the duration of step a) of the method is about at least three weeks, for example about four or more six weeks.
- the duration of step a) may be greater than six weeks but this is not generally necessary since the amount of mycelium produced is sufficient to carry out subcultures.
- the cultures can be maintained for several months, for example for a period of two months or more and up to twelve months.
- the mycelium that is collected in step b) can then be used to perform subcultures.
- Tuber magnatum mycelium which is described above, one obtains mycelium whose culture can then be continued over a long period of time, without again requiring the use of the use of fragments. of Tuber magnatum tissue, other than the mycelium that is collected in step b).
- the process for obtaining Tuber magnatum mycelium comprises a step of transplanting the mycelium collected in step b), in the presence of plant roots, in order to achieve one or more mycelium subcultures. Tuber magnatum in the presence of new plant roots (ROC or hairy roots).
- the Tuber magnatum mycelium collected in step b) is subsequently used in a plant mycorrhizal method.
- the production of mycelium subcultures or the realization of a mycorrhization process requires a step of transplanting the mycelium collected in step b) of the above process, by transfer into a suitable culture medium.
- the method of the invention comprises the following additional step: c) transferring the mycelium collected in step b) into a culture medium.
- said method comprises the following additional step: d) culturing in said root-free culture medium, the mycelium transferred to step c);
- the mycelium may be cultured, or "subcultured” in vitro in step d) for several weeks, as long as the culture medium contains sufficient nutrients to maintain or grow the mycelium, without loss of viability.
- mycelium collected in step b) of the method could be subcultured and cultured in vitro for at least six weeks.
- the culture medium used in step d) may be the same as the culture medium used in step a).
- the mycelium is incubated in the culture medium in the absence of plant roots and without the addition of exogenous bacteria.
- step c) and d bacteria may nevertheless be present. Indeed, in the embodiments of step a) in which naturally occurring bacteria associated with fungi of the genus Tuber are present in the culture medium, these bacteria colonize the growing mycelium and can be transferred with the mycelium collected at the same time. step b) for the following process steps.
- the mycelium is incubated in the culture medium in the absence of plant roots, but bacteria naturally associated with the fungi of the genus Tuber, in particular naturally associated bacteria, are added. Tuber magnatum, such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. In this case, the bacteria are added in the same quantity range as for step a) of the process.
- the mycelium is incubated in the culture medium in the presence of plant roots. Any of the types of plant roots that can be used to carry out step a) of the method can be used.
- the culture medium comprises (i) Tuber magnatum mycelium, (ii) plant roots and (iii) naturally occurring bacteria associated with Tuber fungi, especially bacteria associated with Tuber magnatum.
- the present invention also relates to a method for subculture of Tuber magnatum mycelium, or for performing a subculture of Tuber magnatum mycelium, which comprises the following steps:
- step B culturing in said culture medium the mycelium incubated in step A).
- steps A) and B) of the above process are identical to the characteristics of steps c) and d) of the process for obtaining Tuber magnatum mycelium described above.
- the present invention also relates to a Tuber magnatum mycelium which has been collected in step b) of the production process described above.
- the present invention also relates to a Tuber magnatum mycelium which has been obtained at the end of step d) of the production process described above.
- the subject of the invention is also a Tuber magnatum mycelium which has been obtained at the end of stage B) of the subculture process described above.
- Tuber magnatum mycelium that can be obtained (i) either in step a) of the process of obtaining above, (ii) in step d) of the obtaining process above, (iii) either in step B) of the above subculturing process, can then be used for the mycorrhization of plants to produce ready-to-eat white truffles.
- the present invention also relates to a method of plant mycorrhization by Tuber magnatum comprising the following steps: a) inoculation by contacting the roots of seedlings or cuttings with a Tuber magnatum mycelium, whether or not interacting with plant roots, obtained
- seedlings of a genus chosen from among Pinus, Picea, Abies, Corylus, Castanea, Tilia, Cedrus are preferably used.
- step c) of transplanting the mycorrhizal seedlings obtained in step b) into the earth comprises a step c) of transplanting the mycorrhizal seedlings obtained in step b) into the earth.
- ready-to-eat white truffles are obtained after a period of at least about three years, sometimes at least about six years, following step c) transplanting in the ground.
- strains provided by Yves Dessaux, CNRS DR,
- Biological material Poplar roots (Populus tremula x Populus alba, INRA clone 717-1 B4) transformed with A rhizogenes strain 15834.
- Cystic root (Cistus incanus) transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
- Example 3 Molecular type of the specificity of Tuber magnatum mycelium culture
- the specificity of mycelial culture was verified by molecular typing. DNA extraction was performed and sequencing of the extracted DNAs was performed.
- Tuber magnatum carpophore from different truffles - carpophores -
- rockrose roots Plant incanus
- Populus tremula X hybrid Populus alba Some interaction experiments were also performed between poplar roots (Populus tremula X hybrid Populus alba) transformed by A. rhizogenes and T. magnatum.
- Tuber magnatum is initiated very rapidly in the presence of poplar roots (Populus tremula X hybrid Populus alba) transformed by A. rhizogenes.
- Populus tremula X hybrid Populus alba The growth of the fungus is obviously more important under these conditions than in the presence of roots of Cistus incanus transformed by A. rhizogenes.
- Tuber magnatum from pieces of carpophores, in the presence and absence of root of Cistus incanus transformed by A. rhizogenes, one finds that for 60% (6/10) of the boxes containing the two biological partners (roots and fungus) the growth of Tuber magnatum is stimulated. In absence of root, no mycelial growth of Tuber magnatum is observable from pieces of carpophores in our growing conditions (medium M, 25 0 C and darkness).
- Figure 2 illustrates this stimulation of the mycelial growth of Tuber magnatum in the presence or absence of roots of Cistus incanus transformed by A. Rhizogenes, six weeks after the incubation of the pieces of t tamaran carpophores with the transformed roots of Cistus. incanus.
- EXAMPLE 5 Process for producing subcultures of Tuber magna tu m mycelium in the presence of carota roots It is important to point out that carrot roots (clone DC1), transformed by A. rhizogenes (provided by Pr. G. Bécard), also stimulate the growth of Tuber magnatum, from cultures of T. magnatum obtained in interaction with the transformed roots of Cistus or Populus (strain T magnatum, Tm520). The growth stimulation of Tuber magnatum is less important than with the roots of Populus or Cistus. However, these results demonstrate that transformed roots of non-host plants have a positive effect on mycelial growth of this fungus (see Figures 3 to 6).
- Figures 3 to 6 show the Tm520 strain of Tuber magnatum in interaction or not with hairy roots (roots transformed by A. rhizogenes) of various plants, respectively Populus ( Figure 4), Daucus carota ( Figure 5) and Cistus ( Figure 6). ). It should be noted that under these culture conditions, the root present in the culture medium is not mycorrhizal.
- Example 6 Method of mycorrhization with the mycelium of Tuber magnatum.
- poplar cuttings (717-1 Populus tremula X Populus alba hybrid) are interacted with the Tuber magnatum mycelium from T. magnatum axenic cultures in interaction with the hairy roots (ROC) of poplar.
- ROC hairy roots
- axenic tube cultures have been made. Fragments of sterile poplar cuttings are deposited on medium M poured sterilely into glass tubes. After development of the root system (2 weeks), an agar explant containing a high density of T. magantum mycelium (from an axenic culture ROC x T. magnatum) is deposited in the bottom of the tube.
- poplar root mycorrhizations were performed on square Petri dishes ( Figure 7).
- An agar medium (medium M containing only 1 g / l of sucrose) is deposited on the lower half of the box and two pieces of poplar stem (cuttings) are introduced into the medium to generate new cuttings.
- the dishes are incubated at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. with a day / night alternation (12h / 12h).
- the lower parts of the boxes are protected from light by black plastic pouches or aluminum.
- an agar explant of at least 2 to 3 cm 2 and containing T.
- magnatum mycelium (from a axenic culture ROC x T. magnatum) is deposited on the agar part colonized by the roots.
- the first results showed an initiation of the growth of T. magnatum in the presence of the roots of poplar cuttings. After several weeks, or months, of contact, the formation of fungal mantles (similar to ectomycorrhizae) is observable on certain root tips.
- Example 7 Application of the method of production of T. magnatum mycelium for T. melanosporum.
- Mycelium fragments of T. melanosporum (Mel-28) were cultured in M medium, in the presence (+ cistus) and in the absence of rockrose (Cistus incanus) roots transformed by A. rhizogenes. Culture conditions similar to those of Example 5 were used. As shown in Figure 8, no significant difference in mycelium growth was observed in the presence and absence of transformed root at the end of the culture period. In addition, the growth rate of the mycelium was similar in the presence and absence of root throughout the incubation period.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0852301A FR2929489B1 (fr) | 2008-04-07 | 2008-04-07 | Procede d'obtention de mycelium de tuber magnatum et mycelium obtenu par le procede |
| PCT/FR2009/050582 WO2009136049A1 (fr) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-04-06 | Procede d'obtention de mycelium de tuber magnatum et mycelium obtenu par le procede |
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| EP2268790A1 true EP2268790A1 (fr) | 2011-01-05 |
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| EP09742247A Withdrawn EP2268790A1 (fr) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-04-06 | Procede d'obtention de mycelium de tuber magnatum et mycelium obtenu par le procede |
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| EP (1) | EP2268790A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2929489B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009136049A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU92274B1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-02 | Symplanta Gmbh & Co Kg | System and methods for continuous propagation and mass production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| CN103535280B (zh) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-10-28 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | 一种水栎组织培养繁殖方法 |
| FR3060256B1 (fr) * | 2016-12-19 | 2019-05-17 | Universite De Limoges | Procede d'induction et de production de peridia de truffe |
| EP4009778A4 (fr) | 2019-08-09 | 2023-09-27 | Carolina Truffiéres LLC | Procédés et compositions pour la production de mycéliums ectomycorhiziens et leurs procédés d'utilisation |
| CN111374053B (zh) * | 2020-04-02 | 2022-05-10 | 中南林业科技大学 | 一种诱导锥栗组培苗叶片生成不定根的方法 |
| CN113179952B (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-07-05 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | 一种提高紫椴愈伤组织诱导率的培养基及培养方法 |
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2008
- 2008-04-07 FR FR0852301A patent/FR2929489B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2009
- 2009-04-06 EP EP09742247A patent/EP2268790A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-04-06 WO PCT/FR2009/050582 patent/WO2009136049A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See references of WO2009136049A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2929489B1 (fr) | 2015-08-14 |
| WO2009136049A1 (fr) | 2009-11-12 |
| FR2929489A1 (fr) | 2009-10-09 |
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