EP2266872A1 - Véhicule marin - Google Patents

Véhicule marin Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2266872A1
EP2266872A1 EP10005199A EP10005199A EP2266872A1 EP 2266872 A1 EP2266872 A1 EP 2266872A1 EP 10005199 A EP10005199 A EP 10005199A EP 10005199 A EP10005199 A EP 10005199A EP 2266872 A1 EP2266872 A1 EP 2266872A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
outer skin
vessel according
fibers
region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10005199A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2266872B1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Knop
Thorsten Thelen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft GmbH filed Critical Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft GmbH
Publication of EP2266872A1 publication Critical patent/EP2266872A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2266872B1 publication Critical patent/EP2266872B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/04—Superstructure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B2211/00—Applications
    • B63B2211/06—Operation in ice-infested waters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a watercraft, typically a ship or a submarine.
  • At least a part of the outer skin is formed from a fiber-reinforced composite material.
  • This fiber-reinforced composite forms on the one hand as a typically lighter and more stable material at least a portion of the outer skin, on the other hand, at least one fiber of this composite material is formed as an electric heating element or forms part of such a heating element, d.
  • the fiber is designed to conduct an electrical heating current.
  • this fiber is electrically conductive, but has an electrical resistance. The electrical resistance forms a heating resistor, which heats up when energized.
  • a fiber means both a single fiber and a multiplicity of fibers, for example a fiber bundle or braiding.
  • the fiber-reinforced outer skin therefore advantageously fulfills two functions at the same time.
  • the outer skin is lightweight and stable due to the fiber-reinforced composite material
  • the fiber of the outer skin acts as an electric heater and thus forms part of a defrosting or drying device. Since the outer skin of the watercraft according to the invention is used for this purpose, and further devices for drying, deicing or for frost protection are not to be provided separately, the watercraft according to the invention is realized with a particularly efficient use of resources.
  • the energizable fiber can be designed to be energized in various ways. It may form part of a heating circuit by connecting it to a voltage or current source. Alternatively, an inductive generation of the heating current can be provided, which is particularly advantageous in the field of moving components, since a wired power supply there eliminates.
  • the composite is carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
  • this composite material forms a particularly lightweight material of high strength and is therefore particularly suitable for the formation of at least part of the outer skin.
  • carbon fibers are conductive and therefore particularly suitable for the formation of heating resistors.
  • the outer skin or a part of the outer skin may be formed by a composite material with metallic fibers.
  • the heating element has a plurality of parallel fibers or fiber bundles.
  • the energizable fibers can also be present as a flat-form fibrous material. In this way, targeted large-area, but also non-contiguous areas of the outer skin can be heated. Furthermore, a large heating power can be achieved by a plurality of fibers or fiber bundles without thermally overloading the composite material.
  • the Bestrombare fiber is arranged closer to the outside of the outer skin than the inside. Warmed up in this way the fiber targeted especially the outside of the outer skin. However, especially for the outside of the outer skin, the problem of icing typically arises urgently. It is understood that when desired heating of the inside, the fiber arrangement is reversed, ie closer to the inside of the outer skin out.
  • the fiber is designed for current supply with direct current in the vessel.
  • direct current is typically available to submarines without converters.
  • a protective layer is arranged in the vessel between the outside of the outer skin and the fiber.
  • this protective layer is water repellent or waterproof, so that surrounding seawater can not penetrate into the fiber composite material and thus does not hinder the energization of the fiber by short circuit or leakage currents.
  • the protective layer may also be designed to protect against acid, air or solar radiation, for example to protect the fiber or possibly a heating circuit against corrosion and / or to protect any further, inner layers of the outer skin.
  • the protective layer does not necessarily have to be directly adjacent to the fiber or to the fiber-provided layer of the outer skin. Rather, the fiber or a layer containing it may be embedded in further layers.
  • the protective layer can then in particular also be designed to protect these embedding layers.
  • the material of the protective layer comprises resin, for example epoxy resin.
  • the protective layer is preferably a gelcoat.
  • the fiber is arranged in the deck area of the outer skin in order to prevent icing of this walkable and to be able to counteract frequently provided with flaps or hatches area.
  • the energizable fiber in a watercraft in which the outer skin comprises a flap area, arranged in the flap area.
  • the fiber may be disposed in the flap itself.
  • the heat released by the fiber can be selectively limited to the flap.
  • the flap is preferably arranged with little thermal contact with further regions of the outer skin surrounding the flap. This design allows an efficient use of energy to heat the flap area.
  • the energizable fiber can also be arranged in the vicinity of the flap.
  • the fiber is arranged in the edge region of the flap.
  • the antenna Conveniently forms in a watercraft with an antenna part of the outer skin with the energizable fiber an antenna hood. Especially in yachts, but also in submarines, the antenna can be kept ice-free in this way, so that a reliable radio communication is guaranteed.
  • energizable fibers are unidirectionally oriented and jointly form at least one part of a heating element.
  • the fibers are particularly easy to contact electrically for energization.
  • the fibers can be connected to each other in parallel with their end regions to common electrical contacts. In this way, the contacting effort is low.
  • a plurality of fibers form a fibrous material in the form of a nonwoven.
  • the fleece is designed as a heating element or forms at least a part of such.
  • a heating circuit for energizing possibly a plurality of fibers is formed in that the fibers are contacted by means of a metal foil to a current or voltage source.
  • each fiber is contacted at two ends by metal foils.
  • a plurality of fibers are contacted at their ends by a pair of common metal foils.
  • the fiber is preferably conductively connected to optionally available current and / or voltage sources for supplying an electrical system, to the lighting grid itself and / or to a traction battery.
  • no separate energy source is to be provided specifically for energizing the at least one heating element.
  • the invention is applied to a submarine.
  • the energizable fiber may be disposed in the area of the tower.
  • the energizable fiber may be disposed in the area of the tower.
  • the bestrombare fiber in a watercraft which has at least one Ausfahrschreib, in or on an area of the
  • control means for controlling the amperage of the heating element are provided in the vessel.
  • the heating power of the heating element can be selected suitably, in particular taking into account further parameters, such as the outside temperature, the temperature of the area of the skin to be heated or the water temperature.
  • control means on the watercraft form part of a heating controller.
  • the current strength of the heating current of the heating element, the manipulated variable and the temperature of the fiber and / or a portion of the outer skin forms the controlled variable.
  • a temperature sensor is provided in or on the outer skin for detecting the controlled variable.
  • further parameters in particular those mentioned above, are taken into account in the regulation. For example, drying and / or deicing of the outer skin is regulated with regard to the use of energy and / or the time period which is likely to be required.
  • the submarine 5 has a pressure body 55 as in a conventional manner.
  • the pressure body 55 is surrounded by an outer skin 15.
  • part of the outer skin 15 forms an upper deck 10.
  • the outer skin 15 is reinforced with a plurality of carbon fibers 17.
  • the carbon fibers 17 are distributed in the horizontal, accessible area of the upper deck 10 area.
  • Carbon fibers 17 also surround upper deck flaps (not shown in the drawings) of the upper deck 10.
  • the fibers are arranged in the edge area of the upper deck flaps.
  • the carbon fibers 17 are each formed as part of a heating element in each of the addressed areas and warm when energized, the outer skin 15 of the submarine 5 to dry areas to protect against icing or de-icing.
  • the structure of the outer skin 15 is in Fig. 2 in section along the line AA in the region of the upper deck 10 shown schematically. This section is also representative of the structure of all other areas of the outer skin 15 described below, unless otherwise stated.
  • the outer skin 15 comprises a core 20.
  • This core 20 of the outer skin 15 has a honeycomb structure or a foam structure which forms the light yet stable basic framework of the outer skin 15.
  • the core 20 is in a per se known construction of a laminate layer 25, which consists essentially of carbon fiber reinforced plastic.
  • the laminate layer 25 may additionally or instead have other suitable materials such as glass fiber reinforced plastic.
  • the CFRP heating layer 35 is made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), which reinforces the outer skin 15.
  • CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
  • the carbon fibers 17 of the carbon fiber reinforced plastic can be supplied with current in a manner described in more detail below, so that they are part of a heating element.
  • the fibers 17 are present as a scrim of unidirectionally oriented carbon fibers 17 (alternatively, the carbon fibers 17 may also form a nonwoven).
  • the fibers 17 and thus of the CFRP heating layer 35 start to heat the outer skin 15.
  • the CFRP heating layer 35 is arranged close to the outer side 18 of the outer skin 15, so that a large proportion of the heat generated by the fibers 17 is conducted to the outer side 18 of the outer skin 15.
  • the protective layer 40 Farther outboard there is a protective layer 40, which primarily protects the inner fibers 17, but also the plastic matrix of the CFK heating layer 35 and the other inner layers of the outer skin 15 against (salt) water, acid, air and sunlight.
  • the protective layer 40 is formed as a gelcoat, which has a high resin content.
  • the outer skin 15 of the upper deck 10 terminates at its outer, exposed to the surrounding seawater side 18 as in a conventional manner with an anti-slip coating 45 from. This anti-slip coating is limited to the accessible area of the upper deck 10, on other areas of the outer skin 15 no anti-slip coating is provided. Inside, the outer skin 15 closes another protective layer 50 from. This protective layer 50 also has a high proportion of resin.
  • a part of the outer skin 15 is schematically shown, in which the energizable fibers 17 are arranged. This part is outside the pressure hull 55, whose interior is numbered 60.
  • contact foils 77 are provided, with which the ends of the fibers 17 are contacted.
  • the contact films 77 are realized here by way of example by gold foils, but there are also other conductive films into consideration.
  • the contact sheets contact the fibers 17 so as to collectively form part of a heating circuit, as described below.
  • the magnitude of the energization of the fibers 17 is determined by heating regulators 80.
  • these heating regulators 80 act as adjustable current chokes on supply lines 82 for energizing the heating elements.
  • the heating regulators are designed to adjust the energization of the fibers 17 such that suitable temperatures in the region of the outer skin 15 and the fibers 17 can be selected. These temperatures can then be selected such that an efficient and / or rapid heating of the outer skin 15 can take place.
  • temperature sensors 85 are arranged in the region of the CFK heating layer 35, that is to say within the outer skin 15 and close to the fibers 17, which measure the temperature in the outer skin 15 that sets itself. These temperature values determined in this way are transmitted by the temperature sensors 85 for feedback as input values to the heating controllers 80.
  • the heating controller 80 the energization of the heating elements in Change the dependence of the detected temperature of the outer skin 15 and adjust the temperature so to the set temperature.
  • heating elements are arranged in a region 90 and a region 95. In this case, both regions 90, 95 each have a temperature sensor 85 and a heating controller 80 which regulates the energization of the respective heating elements.
  • the region 90 of the outer skin 15 includes, by way of example, the aforementioned upper deck flaps (not shown in detail in the drawings), wherein the fibers 17 arranged there prevent icing of the upper deck flaps in case of need.
  • the region 95 of the outer skin 15 are upper deck surfaces, which are kept free of icing with the fibers 17 or can be deiced in the event of icing.
  • the area 95 is in a further, not shown separately, embodiment, the area of a tower of the submarine 5, which is protected by energizing the fibers 17 from icing or de-icing.
  • the region 95 is a region of the outer skin 15 on which an extension device of the submarine 5 exits.
  • the region 95 is a region 95 of the outer skin 15 with an antenna on which the fibers 17 are provided for drying the region 95 of water, for example in the form of an antenna hood.
  • the regions 90, 95 according to the aforementioned embodiments each represent independently executable embodiments of the invention.
  • the aforementioned areas in which a heating of the outer skin is provided, are to be understood only as an example. Such heating elements can be provided everywhere, where appropriate.
  • the electrical energy is supplied to the energization of the fibers 17 via the leads 82 from the on-board power supply 100 of the submarine 5.
  • the on-board power supply 100 is an AC power system.
  • the leads 82 are connected via an AC / DC converter 105 to the on-board power supply 100, so that the fibers 17 each form parts of a heating circuit.
  • the heating controller 80 are interposed as throttles on the leads 82 between AC / DC converter 105 and contact foils 77 as described above.
  • the fibers 17 are energized via the leads 82 from a battery 110 of the submarine 5, which already supplies the 17 for supplying the fibers particularly suitable direct current. Again, the fibers 17 are thus each part of a heating circuit.
  • a DC / DC converter 115 is connected between the battery 110 and the supply lines 82. The heating controller 80 are interposed to adjust the heating current between DC / DC converter 115 and the fibers 17.
EP10005199A 2009-06-24 2010-05-18 Véhicule marin Active EP2266872B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009030125A DE102009030125A1 (de) 2009-06-24 2009-06-24 Wasserfahrzeug

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2266872A1 true EP2266872A1 (fr) 2010-12-29
EP2266872B1 EP2266872B1 (fr) 2011-10-12

Family

ID=42829514

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10005199A Active EP2266872B1 (fr) 2009-06-24 2010-05-18 Véhicule marin

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2266872B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR101304260B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE528205T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009030125A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2372916T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111301605B (zh) * 2020-02-28 2022-04-15 江苏科技大学 一种大深度潜航器、大深度潜航器用耐压壳体及其组装方法
CN113335461A (zh) * 2021-06-08 2021-09-03 北京格睿能源科技有限公司 破冰船及其加热方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4102144A (en) * 1977-05-31 1978-07-25 Global Marine, Inc. Method and apparatus for protecting offshore structures against forces from moving ice sheets
US4152999A (en) * 1977-12-05 1979-05-08 Mitsui Engineering And Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Ice-breaking apparatus for ships and barges for operation on icy waters
FR2623220A1 (fr) * 1987-11-17 1989-05-19 Doris Engineering Procede et dispositif destines a briser localement une couche de glace en mer froide
US5593332A (en) * 1988-09-20 1997-01-14 Sundstrand Corporation Ice penetrating communication buoy

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1182550B (de) * 1962-10-10 1964-11-26 Friedrich Wilhelm Pleuger Einrichtung zum Schutz eines Bugstrahlruders vor Vereisung
US4942078A (en) * 1988-09-30 1990-07-17 Rockwell International Corporation Electrically heated structural composite and method of its manufacture
EP0521003B1 (fr) * 1990-01-24 1994-04-13 HASTINGS, Otis H Stratifie electroconducteur de regulation de temperature de surfaces
AT2468U1 (de) * 1997-06-23 1998-11-25 Macher David Sitz, insbesondere fahrzeugsitz
DE102005052109B3 (de) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-24 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Gmbh Unterseeboot
DE202008015485U1 (de) * 2008-11-21 2009-03-26 Gendelman, Jaakov Heizelement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4102144A (en) * 1977-05-31 1978-07-25 Global Marine, Inc. Method and apparatus for protecting offshore structures against forces from moving ice sheets
US4152999A (en) * 1977-12-05 1979-05-08 Mitsui Engineering And Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Ice-breaking apparatus for ships and barges for operation on icy waters
FR2623220A1 (fr) * 1987-11-17 1989-05-19 Doris Engineering Procede et dispositif destines a briser localement une couche de glace en mer froide
US5593332A (en) * 1988-09-20 1997-01-14 Sundstrand Corporation Ice penetrating communication buoy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2372916T3 (es) 2012-01-27
KR101304260B1 (ko) 2013-09-05
KR20120065460A (ko) 2012-06-21
DE102009030125A1 (de) 2011-02-10
EP2266872B1 (fr) 2011-10-12
ATE528205T1 (de) 2011-10-15

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