EP2266703B1 - Elektrostatischer Abscheider zur Partikelabscheidung - Google Patents

Elektrostatischer Abscheider zur Partikelabscheidung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2266703B1
EP2266703B1 EP10003842.1A EP10003842A EP2266703B1 EP 2266703 B1 EP2266703 B1 EP 2266703B1 EP 10003842 A EP10003842 A EP 10003842A EP 2266703 B1 EP2266703 B1 EP 2266703B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
flue gas
gas
voltage
insulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10003842.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2266703A1 (de
Inventor
Hanns-Rudolf Paur
Andrei Bologa
Klaus Woletz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Publication of EP2266703A1 publication Critical patent/EP2266703A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/455—Collecting-electrodes specially adapted for heat exchange with the gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator for particle separation, as obtained for example in combustion chambers, wood stoves or other wood burning plants.
  • Electrostatic separators are generally used for cleaning flue gas by particle separation.
  • the flue gas to be purified is introduced into the electrostatic precipitator, which comprises an ionization stage for the electric charge of the particles, and a collector stage for the separation of the charged particles.
  • the gas to be purified flows through the electric field between a high voltage electrode and an electrode lying at a reference potential, usually ground potential, in which the particles contained in the flue gas are electrically charged via corona discharge at the high voltage electrode.
  • the particles are deposited there on the surface lying at reference potential and electrically neutralized.
  • a disadvantage of the known electrostatic precipitation systems is the contamination of the high-voltage insulator, which protrudes into the chamber through which gas flows with particles of, for example, fly ash or soot which are contained in the flue gas to be cleaned are. It is known from the general state of the art that a steep temperature gradient between the incoming flue gas and the insulator leads to turbulences, which result in an increased accumulation of soot and ash particles on the insulator. This leads to flashovers that reduce the efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the general state of the art can be found in solutions based on the protection and heating of the insulator. So revealed the DE 10 2008 011 949 A1 an assembly comprising an insulator housing with a tube which is provided for the inlet of clean air or clean gas at a predetermined temperature.
  • the DE 91 15 279 U1 also discloses a high voltage insulator protected by a housing. This housing is gas-tight and has no means for heating the high-voltage insulator.
  • heating the insulator increases the overall energy consumption of the electrostatic precipitator and additional heating elements increase the design effort.
  • the object of the invention to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and to provide an electrostatic precipitator, which ensures efficient flue gas cleaning at extended operating time.
  • the contamination of the high-voltage insulator should be avoided by soot and ash particles.
  • an electrostatic precipitator in which the high-voltage insulator is surrounded by a cap, said cap projecting into the clean gas pipe and is surrounded by the cleaned of particles of gas.
  • the flue gas to be cleaned flows at a first temperature (T1) into the ionization stage of the electrostatic precipitator. There, the particles located in the flue gas are electrically charged and deposit on the surrounding surfaces lying on a reference potential.
  • the cleaned of particles flue gas then passes through the clean gas outlet at a second temperature (T2) in the clean gas pipe.
  • T2 second temperature
  • This second temperature has a value which is below the first temperature T1, but far above the ambient temperature.
  • the inventive arrangement of the clean gas pipe therefore, the cap of the high-voltage insulator is flowed around by the clean gas and heated. By heat transfer the surrounding of the cap insulator is heated. The temperature gradient between the particle-laden flue gas and the high-voltage insulator is reduced in this way.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the electrostatic precipitator with a suitable arrangement of the clean gas pipe.
  • the electrostatic precipitator comprises a separator housing 1 with a laterally arranged inlet opening 2 for the flue gas and a likewise laterally arranged opening for the outlet of the clean gas 3 .
  • the separator housing 1 comprises an ionization stage 4 and a collector stage 5.
  • a high-voltage insulator 6 is arranged below a cover cap 7 and above the inlet opening 2 .
  • the flue gas flows at a temperature T1 in through the inlet opening 2 into the ionization stage 4 and the particles contained in the flue gas are electrically charged. Subsequently, the particles on the surrounding surfaces and in the Collector stage 5 deposited.
  • the gas cleaned of particles passes through the opening for the clean gas outlet 3, which surrounds the covering cap 7 , at a temperature T2.
  • T2 has a value less than T1.
  • T1 and T2 are much higher than the ambient temperature, whereby the temperature gradient between the flue gas and the high-voltage insulator 6 is substantially reduced.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Description

  • Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrostatischen Abscheider zur Partikelabscheidung, wie sie zum Beispiel in Verbrennungskammern, Holzöfen oder anderen Holzverbrennungsanlagen anfallen.
  • Elektrostatische Abscheider werden ganz allgemein zur Reinigung von Rauchgas durch Partikelabscheidung eingesetzt. Das zu reinigende Rauchgas wird in den elektrostatischen Abscheider eingeleitet, der eine Ionisierungsstufe, zur elektrischen Ladung der Partikel, und eine Kollektorstufe, zum Abscheiden der geladenen Partikel, umfasst. In der Ionisierungsstufe strömt das zu reinigende Gas durch das elektrische Feld zwischen einer Hochspannungselektrode und einer auf einem Bezugspotential, meist Erdpotential, liegenden Elektrode, in dem die im Rauchgas enthaltenen Partikel über Koronaentladung an der Hochspannungselektrode elektrisch geladen werden. Beim anschließenden Durchströmen der Kollektorstufe werden die Partikel dort auf der auf Bezugspotential liegenden Oberfläche abgeschieden und elektrisch neutralisiert.
  • Der Mechanismus der Abscheidung über Raumladung ist aus: "J.R. Melcher, K.S. Sachar, E.P. Warren, Overview of Electrostatic Devices for Control of Submicrometric Particles, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 65, No.12, 1977, p. 1659-1669" bekannt. Die Entwicklung und Anwendung der Raumladungsabscheider zur Aufsammlung von Partikeln aus Verbrennungsgasen wird in der CH 649 645 vorgestellt. Ein Nachteil des dort beschriebenen elektrostatischen Abscheiders ist die konstruktionsbedingte Notwendigkeit aufwändiger Montage- und Demontageschritte, um die Anlage von Rückständen zu bereinigen.
  • Ein Nachteil der bekannten elektrostatischen Abscheideanlagen ist die Verschmutzung des Hochspannungsisolators, der in die vom Gas durchströmte Kammer hineinragt mit Partikeln aus z.B. Flugasche oder Ruß die in dem zu reinigenden Rauchgas enthalten sind. Aus dem allgemeinen Stand der Technik ist bekannt, dass ein steiler Temperaturgradient zwischen dem einströmenden Rauchgas und dem Isolator zu Verwirbelungen führt, die eine vermehrte Anlagerung von Ruß- und Aschepartikeln an dem Isolator zur Folge haben. Dadurch kommt es zu Spannungsüberschlägen, die die Effizienz des elektrostatischen Abscheiders verringern.
  • In diesem Zusammenhang sind dem allgemeinen Stand der Technik Lösungen zu entnehmen, die auf den Schutz und der Beheizung des Isolators beruhen. So offenbart die DE 10 2008 011 949 A1 eine Anordnung umfassend ein Isolatorgehäuse mit einem Rohr, das zum Einlass von Reinluft oder Reingas mit einer vorgegebenen Temperatur vorgesehen ist. Die DE 91 15 279 U1 offenbart ebenfalls einen Hochspannungsisolator, der durch ein Gehäuse geschützt ist. Dieses Gehäuse ist gasdicht ausgestaltet und weist keine Mittel zur Beheizung des Hochspannungsisolators auf.
  • Das Beheizen des Isolators erhöht jedoch den Energiebedarf des elektrostatischen Abscheiders insgesamt und zusätzliche Heizelemente erhöhen den Konstruktionsaufwand.
  • Ausgehend davon ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung die genannten Nachteile zu vermeiden und einen elektrostatischen Abscheider anzugeben, der eine effiziente Rauchgasreinigung bei verlängerter Betriebsdauer sichert. Insbesondere soll die Verschmutzung des Hochspannungsisolators durch Ruß- und Aschepartikel vermieden werden.
  • Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1.
  • Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird ein elektrostatischer Abscheider vorgeschlagen, bei dem der Hochspannungsisolator mit einer Abdeckkappe umgeben ist, wobei diese Abdeckkappe in das Reingasrohr hineinragt und von dem von Partikeln gereinigte Gas umströmt wird.
  • Das zu reinigende Rauchgas strömt mit einer ersten Temperatur (T1) in die Ionisierungsstufe des elektrostatischen Abscheiders. Dort werden die sich in dem Rauchgas befindlichen Partikel elektrisch geladen und scheiden sich auf den umliegenden, auf einem Bezugspotential liegenden Oberflächen ab. Das von Partikeln gereinigte Rauchgas tritt danach durch den Reingasaustritt mit einer zweiten Temperatur (T2) in das Reingasrohr. Diese zweite Temperatur weist einen Wert auf, der unterhalb der ersten Temperatur T1 liegt, jedoch weit oberhalb der Umgebungstemperatur. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung des Reingasrohres, wird demnach die Abdeckkappe des Hochspannungsisolators von dem Reingas umströmt und erwärmt. Durch Wärmeübertragung wird der von der Abdeckkappe umgebende Isolator erwärmt. Der Temperaturgradient zwischen dem partikelgeladenen Rauchgas und dem Hochspannungsisolator wird auf diese Weise verringert.
  • Die Erfindung wird mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der Fig. 1 näher erläutert. Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Ansicht des elektrostatischen Abscheiders mit einer geeigneten Anordnung des Reingasrohres.
  • Der elektrostatische Abscheider umfasst ein Abscheidergehäuse 1 mit einer seitlich angeordneten Einlassöffnung 2 für das Rauchgas und einer ebenfalls seitlich angeordneten Öffnung für den Austritt des Reingases 3. Das Abscheidergehäuse 1 umfasst eine Ionisierungsstufe 4 und eine Kollektorstufe 5. Ein Hochspannungsisolator 6 ist unterhalb einer Abdeckkappe 7 und oberhalb der Einlassöffnung 2 angeordnet.
  • Das Rauchgas strömt mit einer Temperatur T1 in durch die Einlassöffnung 2 in die Ionisierungsstufe 4 und die im Rauchgas enthaltenen Partikel werden elektrisch geladen. Nachfolgend werden die Partikel an den umgebenden Oberflächen und in der Kollektorstufe 5 abgeschieden. Das von Partikeln gereinigte Gas tritt mit einer Temperatur T2 durch die Öffnung für den Reingasaustritt 3, welcher die Abdeckkappe 7 umgibt. Durch Wärmeleitung und Wärmeübertragung, wird der Hochspannungsisolator 6 auf die Temperatur T2 erwärmt, wobei T2 einen geringeren Wert als T1 hat. T1 und T2 sind jedoch wesentlich höher als die Um-gebungstemperatur, wodurch sich der Temperaturgradient zwischen dem Rauchgas und dem Hochspannungsisolator 6 wesentlich verringert.
    • Bezugszeichenliste
    • 1
    Abscheidergehäuse
    2
    Einlassöffnung für Rauchgaseintritt
    3
    Öffnung für Reingasautritt
    4
    Ionisierungsstufe
    5
    Kollektorstufe
    6
    Hochspannungsisolator
    7
    Abdeckkappe
    Bezugszeichenliste
    • 1
    Abscheidergehäuse
    2
    Einlassöffnung für Rauchgaseintritt
    3
    Öffnung für Reingasautritt
    4
    Ionisierungsstufe
    5
    Kollektorstufe
    6
    Hochspannungsisolator
    7
    Abdeckkappe

Claims (1)

  1. Elektrostatischer Abscheider zur Reinigung von partikelbeladenem Rauchgas umfassend,
    a) einen Rauchgaseintritt (2)
    b) Mittel zum elektrischen Laden von Partikeln mit einem Hochspannungsanschluss
    c) Abscheideflächen mit einem Bezugspotential zum Potential des Hochspannungsanschlusses für die elektrisch geladenen Partikel
    d) einen Hochspannungsisolator (6) zwischen Hochspannungsanschluss und Abscheideflächen
    e) einer Kollektorstufe mit Reingasaustritt (3, 5)
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Hochspannungsisolator (6) mit einer gasdichten Abdeckkappe (7) umgeben ist, die in ein Rohr hineinragt, welches mit dem Reingasaustritt (3) verbunden ist.
EP10003842.1A 2009-06-27 2010-04-10 Elektrostatischer Abscheider zur Partikelabscheidung Not-in-force EP2266703B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910030804 DE102009030804B4 (de) 2009-06-27 2009-06-27 Elektrostatischer Abscheider zur Partikelabscheidung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2266703A1 EP2266703A1 (de) 2010-12-29
EP2266703B1 true EP2266703B1 (de) 2015-11-04

Family

ID=42668897

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10003842.1A Not-in-force EP2266703B1 (de) 2009-06-27 2010-04-10 Elektrostatischer Abscheider zur Partikelabscheidung

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EP (1) EP2266703B1 (de)
DE (1) DE102009030804B4 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108722671A (zh) * 2018-07-12 2018-11-02 佛山市博顿空气科技有限公司 一种车间无组织烟气净化设备
DE102024102234A1 (de) * 2024-01-26 2025-07-31 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts Elektrostatischer Kondensationsabscheider, elektrostatisch verstärktes Kondensationssystem sowie Verfahren zur elektrostatischen Kondensationsabscheidung

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR550372A (fr) * 1921-08-27 1923-03-05 Acieries Et Forges Firminy Dispositif pour empêcher tout balancement des poids tenseurs des fils axiaux (ou des électrodes axiales), et assurer le centrage parfait de ces fils dans les tubes, dans les appareils pour l'épuration électrique des gaz
FR550371A (fr) * 1921-08-27 1923-03-05 Acieries Et Forges Firminy Protection des isolateurs haute tension contre l'humidité et les poussières dans l'épuration électrique des gaz
DE1093447B (de) * 1959-07-28 1960-11-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag Vorrichtung zur Verhinderung einer zur Verschmutzung fuehrenden Wirbelbildung bei der Belueftung von Isolatoren in elektrischen Gasreinigungs- oder Emulsionstrennungsanlagen
US4314885A (en) 1978-10-18 1982-02-09 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Industrial technique
GB2046132B (en) * 1979-04-02 1983-02-09 Environmental Elements Corp Protector tube for high voltage suspension insulator of an electro-static precipitator
DE3902812C1 (en) * 1988-03-30 1990-01-04 Johannes A. 7980 Ravensburg De Mueller Electrostatic precipitator for the removal of particulates from the exhaust of internal-combustion devices or internal combustion engines and the catalytically initiated combustion of said particulates by means of an electric heating device
DE9115279U1 (de) 1990-12-12 1992-02-20 Noell-KRC Umwelttechnik GmbH, 8700 Würzburg Niederschlagselektrode, insbesondere für ein Kondensationselektrofilter
FR2798303B1 (fr) * 1999-09-14 2001-11-09 Daniel Teboul Dispositif de traitement d'un milieu gazeux, en particulier des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne, et vehicule equipe d'un tel dispositif
US6508861B1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-01-21 Croll Reynolds Clean Air Technologies, Inc. Integrated single-pass dual-field electrostatic precipitator and method
US6902604B2 (en) * 2003-05-15 2005-06-07 Fleetguard, Inc. Electrostatic precipitator with internal power supply
DE102008011949A1 (de) 2008-02-29 2010-01-21 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Elektrostatischer Abscheider

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DE102009030804A1 (de) 2011-01-13
EP2266703A1 (de) 2010-12-29
DE102009030804B4 (de) 2011-07-28

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