EP2266703A1 - Electrostatic separator for particle separation - Google Patents

Electrostatic separator for particle separation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2266703A1
EP2266703A1 EP10003842A EP10003842A EP2266703A1 EP 2266703 A1 EP2266703 A1 EP 2266703A1 EP 10003842 A EP10003842 A EP 10003842A EP 10003842 A EP10003842 A EP 10003842A EP 2266703 A1 EP2266703 A1 EP 2266703A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
high voltage
flue gas
gas
electrostatic precipitator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10003842A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2266703B1 (en
Inventor
Hanns-Rudolf Paur
Andrei Bologa
Klaus Woletz
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/86—Electrode-carrying means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/455—Collecting-electrodes specially adapted for heat exchange with the gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Abstract

The separator has a waste gas inlet opening (2) and a loading unit for electrically loading particles with a high voltage power supply. Separating surfaces are provided with a ground for potential of the power supply for the electrically loaded particles. A high voltage isolator (6) is present between the power supply and the separating surfaces. The isolator is surrounded with a gas-tight protective cover (7) that is protruded into a pipe, which is connected with a waste gas outlet opening (3) of a collector stage (5). The cover is made of material with high heat conductivity.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrostatischen Abscheider zur Partikelabscheidung, wie sie zum Beispiel in Verbrennungskammern, Holzöfen oder anderen Holzverbrennungsanlagen anfallen.The invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator for particle separation, as obtained for example in combustion chambers, wood stoves or other wood burning plants.

Elektrostatische Abscheider werden ganz allgemein zur Reinigung von Rauchgas durch Partikelabscheidung eingesetzt. Das zu reinigende Rauchgas wird in den elektrostatischen Abscheider eingeleitet, der eine Ionisierungsstufe, zur elektrischen Ladung der Partikel, und eine Kollektorstufe, zum Abscheiden der geladenen Partikel, umfasst. In der Ionisierungsstufe strömt das zu reinigende Gas durch das elektrische Feld zwischen einer Hochspannungselektrode und einer auf einem Bezugspotential, meist Erdpotential, liegenden Elektrode, in dem die im Rauchgas enthaltenen Partikel über Koronaentladung an der Hochspannungselektrode elektrisch geladen werden. Beim anschließenden Durchströmen der Kollektorstufe werden die Partikel dort auf der auf Bezugspotential liegenden Oberfläche abgeschieden und elektrisch neutralisiert.Electrostatic separators are generally used for cleaning flue gas by particle separation. The flue gas to be purified is introduced into the electrostatic precipitator, which comprises an ionization stage for the electric charge of the particles, and a collector stage for the separation of the charged particles. In the ionization stage, the gas to be purified flows through the electric field between a high voltage electrode and a lying on a reference potential, usually ground potential electrode, in which the particles contained in the flue gas are electrically charged via corona discharge at the high voltage electrode. During the subsequent passage through the collector stage, the particles are deposited there on the surface lying at reference potential and electrically neutralized.

Der Mechanismus der Abscheidung über Raumladung ist aus: " J.R. Melcher, K.S. Sachar, E.P. Warren, Overview of Electrostatic Devices for Control of Submicrometric Particles, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 65, No.12, 1977, p. 1659-1669 " bekannt. Die Entwicklung und Anwendung der Raumladungsabscheider zur Aufsammlung von Partikeln aus Verbrennungsgasen wird in der CH 649 645 vorgestellt. Ein Nachteil des dort beschriebenen elektrostatischen Abscheiders ist die konstruktionsbedingte Notwendigkeit aufwändiger Montage- und Demontageschritte, um die Anlage von Rückständen zu bereinigen.The mechanism of deposition via space charge is off: " JR Melcher, KS Sachar, EP Warren, Overview of Electrostatic Devices for Control of Submicrometric Particles, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 65, No.12, 1977, p. 1659-1669 The development and application of the space charge separators for the collection of particles from combustion gases is known in the CH 649 645 presented. A disadvantage of the electrostatic precipitator described therein is the design-related need for complex assembly and disassembly steps to clean up the system of residues.

Ein Nachteil der bekannten elektrostatischen Abscheideanlagen ist die Verschmutzung des Hochspannungsisolators, der in die vom Gas durchströmte Kammer hineinragt mit Partikeln aus z.B. Flugasche oder Ruß die in dem zu reinigenden Rauchgas enthalten sind. Aus dem allgemeinen Stand der Technik ist bekannt, dass ein steiler Temperaturgradient zwischen dem einströmenden Rauchgas und dem Isolator zu Verwirbelungen führt, die eine vermehrte Anlagerung von Ruß- und Aschepartikeln an dem Isolator zur Folge haben. Dadurch kommt es zu Spannungsüberschlägen, die die Effizienz des elektrostatischen Abscheiders verringern.A disadvantage of the known electrostatic precipitation systems is the contamination of the high-voltage insulator, which protrudes into the chamber through which gas flows with particles of, for example, fly ash or soot which are contained in the flue gas to be cleaned are. It is known from the general state of the art that a steep temperature gradient between the inflowing flue gas and the insulator leads to turbulences, which result in an increased accumulation of soot and ash particles on the insulator. This leads to flashovers that reduce the efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator.

In diesem Zusammenhang sind dem allgemeinen Stand der Technik Lösungen zu entnehmen, die auf der Beheizung des Isolators beruhen. Das Beheizen des Isolators erhöht jedoch den Energiebedarf des elektrostatischen Abscheiders insgesamt und zusätzliche Heizelemente erhöhen den Konstruktionsaufwand.In this connection, solutions based on the heating of the insulator can be found in the general state of the art. However, heating the insulator increases the overall energy consumption of the electrostatic precipitator and additional heating elements increase the design effort.

Ausgehend davon ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung die genannten Nachteile zu vermeiden und einen elektrostatischen Abscheider anzugeben, der eine effiziente Rauchgasreinigung bei verlängerter Betriebsdauer sichert. Insbesondere soll die Verschmutzung des Hochspannungsisolators durch Ruß- und Aschepartikel vermieden werden.Based on this, the object of the invention to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and to provide an electrostatic precipitator, which ensures efficient flue gas cleaning at extended operating time. In particular, the contamination of the high-voltage insulator should be avoided by soot and ash particles.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1. Die Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Vorrichtung an.This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1. The dependent claims indicate advantageous embodiments of the device.

Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird ein elektrostatischer Abscheider vorgeschlagen, bei dem der Hochspannungsisolator mit einer Abdeckkappe umgeben ist, wobei diese Abdeckkappe in das Reingasrohr hineinragt und von dem von Partikeln gereinigte Gas umströmt wird.To solve the problem, an electrostatic precipitator is proposed, in which the high-voltage insulator is surrounded by a cap, said cap projecting into the clean gas pipe and is surrounded by the cleaned of particles of gas.

Das zu reinigende Rauchgas strömt mit einer ersten Temperatur (T1) in die Ionisierungsstufe des elektrostatischen Abscheiders. Dort werden die sich in dem Rauchgas befindlichen Partikel elektrisch geladen und scheiden sich auf den umliegenden, auf einem Bezugspotential liegenden Oberflächen ab. Das von Partikeln gereinigte Rauchgas tritt danach durch den Reingasaustritt mit einer zweiten Temperatur (T2) in das Reingasrohr. Diese zweite Temperatur weist einen Wert auf, der unterhalb der ersten Temperatur T1 liegt, jedoch weit oberhalb der Umgebungstemperatur. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung des Reingasrohres, wird demnach die Abdeckkappe des Hochspannungsisolators von dem Reingas umströmt und erwärmt. Das Material der Abdeckkappe ist dabei vorzugsweise ein guter Wärmeleiter und durch Wärmeübertragung wird der von der Abdeckkappe umgebende Isolator erwärmt. Der Temperaturgradient zwischen dem partikelgeladenen Rauchgas und dem Hochspannungsisolator wird auf diese Weise verringert.The flue gas to be cleaned flows at a first temperature (T1) into the ionization stage of the electrostatic precipitator. There, the particles located in the flue gas are electrically charged and deposit on the surrounding surfaces lying on a reference potential. The cleaned of particles of flue gas then passes through the clean gas outlet with a second temperature (T2) in the clean gas pipe. This second temperature has a value which is below the first temperature T1, but far above the ambient temperature. The inventive arrangement of the clean gas pipe, therefore, the cap of the high-voltage insulator is flowed around by the clean gas and heated. The material of the cap is preferably a good heat conductor and heat transfer of the surrounding of the cap insulator is heated. The temperature gradient between the particle-laden flue gas and the high-voltage insulator is reduced in this way.

Die Erfindung wird mit einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der Fig. 1 näher erläutert. Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Ansicht des elektrostatischen Abscheiders mit einer geeigneten Anordnung des Reingasrohres.The invention is with an embodiment with reference to the Fig. 1 explained in more detail. Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the electrostatic precipitator with a suitable arrangement of the clean gas pipe.

Der elektrostatische Abscheider umfasst ein Abscheidergehäuse 1 mit einer seitlich angeordneten Einlassöffnung 2 für das Rauchgas und einer ebenfalls seitlich angeordneten Öffnung für den Austritt des Reingases 3. Das Abscheidergehäuse 1 umfasst eine Ionisierungsstufe 4 und eine Kollektorstufe 5. Ein Hochspannungsisolator 6 ist unterhalb einer Abdeckkappe 7 und oberhalb der Einlassöffnung 2 angeordnet.The electrostatic precipitator comprises a separator housing 1 with a laterally arranged inlet opening 2 for the flue gas and an also laterally arranged opening for the outlet of the clean gas 3. The separator housing 1 comprises an ionization stage 4 and a collector stage 5. A high-voltage insulator 6 is below a cap 7 and arranged above the inlet opening 2 .

Das Rauchgas strömt mit einer Temperatur T1 in durch die Einlassöffnung 2 in die Ionisierungsstufe 4 und die im Rauchgas enthaltenen Partikel werden elektrisch geladen. Nachfolgend werden die Partikel an den umgebenden Oberflächen und in der Kollektorstufe 5 abgeschieden. Das von Partikeln gereinigte Gas tritt mit einer Temperatur T2 durch die Öffnung für den Reingasaustritt 3, welcher die Abdeckkappe 7 umgibt. Durch Wärmeleitung und Wärmeübertragung, wird der Hochspannungsisolator 6 auf die Temperatur T2 erwärmt, wobei T2 einen geringeren Wert als T1 hat. T1 und T2 sind jedoch wesentlich höher als die Umgebungstemperatur, wodurch sich der Temperaturgradient zwischen dem Rauchgas und dem Hochspannungsisolator 6 wesentlich verringert.The flue gas flows at a temperature T1 in through the inlet opening 2 into the ionization stage 4 and the particles contained in the flue gas are electrically charged. Subsequently, the particles are deposited on the surrounding surfaces and in the collector stage 5 . The gas cleaned of particles passes through the opening for the clean gas outlet 3, which surrounds the covering cap 7 , at a temperature T2. By heat conduction and heat transfer, the high voltage insulator 6 is heated to the temperature T2, T2 has a value less than T1. T1 and T2, however, are much higher than the ambient temperature, whereby the temperature gradient between the flue gas and the high-voltage insulator 6 is substantially reduced.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Abscheidergehäuseseparator
22
Einlassöffnung für RauchgaseintrittInlet opening for flue gas inlet
33
Öffnung für ReingasautrittOpening for clean gas ride
44
Ionisierungsstufeionization
55
Kollektorstufecollector stage
66
HochspannungsisolatorHigh-voltage insulator
77
Abdeckkappecap

Claims (2)

Elektrostatischer Abscheider zur Reinigung von partikelbeladenem Rauchgas umfassend, a) einen Rauchgaseintritt (2) b) Mittel zum elektrischen Laden von Partikeln mit einem Hochspannungsanschluss c) Abscheideflächen mit einem Bezugspotential zum Potential des Hochspannungsanschlusses für die elektrisch geladenen Partikel d) einen Hochspannungsisolator (6) zwischen Hochspannungsanschluss und Abscheideflächen e) einer Kollektorstufe mit Reingasaustritt (3, 5) dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Hochspannungsisolator (6) mit einer gasdichten Abdeckkappe (7) umgeben ist, die in ein Rohr hineinragt, welches mit dem Reingasaustritt (3) verbunden ist.Comprising an electrostatic precipitator for cleaning particle-laden flue gas, a) a flue gas inlet (2) b) means for electrically charging particles with a high voltage terminal c) Abscheideflächen with a reference potential to the potential of the high voltage terminal for the electrically charged particles d) a high voltage insulator (6) between the high voltage terminal and Abscheideflächen e) a collector stage with clean gas outlet (3, 5) characterized in that
the high-voltage insulator (6) is surrounded by a gas-tight cap (7) which projects into a tube which is connected to the clean gas outlet (3) . Elektrostatischer Abscheider nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gasdichte Abdeckkappe (7) aus einem Material mit hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit besteht.Electrostatic precipitator according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-tight cover (7) consists of a material with high thermal conductivity.
EP10003842.1A 2009-06-27 2010-04-10 Electrostatic separator for particle separation Not-in-force EP2266703B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910030804 DE102009030804B4 (en) 2009-06-27 2009-06-27 Electrostatic separator for particle separation

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EP2266703A1 true EP2266703A1 (en) 2010-12-29
EP2266703B1 EP2266703B1 (en) 2015-11-04

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108722671A (en) * 2018-07-12 2018-11-02 佛山市博顿空气科技有限公司 A kind of workshop inorganization flue gas purifying equipment

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR550371A (en) * 1921-08-27 1923-03-05 Acieries Et Forges Firminy Protection of high voltage insulators against humidity and dust in electrical gas cleaning
FR550372A (en) * 1921-08-27 1923-03-05 Acieries Et Forges Firminy Device to prevent any swaying of the tensor weights of the axial wires (or of the axial electrodes), and to ensure the perfect centering of these wires in the tubes, in devices for the electrical purification of gases
DE1093447B (en) * 1959-07-28 1960-11-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag Device for preventing the formation of eddies leading to pollution during the ventilation of insulators in electrical gas cleaning or emulsion separation systems
GB2046132A (en) * 1979-04-02 1980-11-12 Environmental Elements Corp Protector Tube for High Voltage Suspension Insulator of an Electrostatic Precipitator
DE9115279U1 (en) 1990-12-12 1992-02-20 Noell-KRC Umwelttechnik GmbH, 8700 Würzburg Precipitation electrode, in particular for a condensation electrostatic precipitator
US6508861B1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-01-21 Croll Reynolds Clean Air Technologies, Inc. Integrated single-pass dual-field electrostatic precipitator and method
DE102008011949A1 (en) 2008-02-29 2010-01-21 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Electrostatic separator

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4314885A (en) 1978-10-18 1982-02-09 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Industrial technique
DE3902812C1 (en) * 1988-03-30 1990-01-04 Johannes A. 7980 Ravensburg De Mueller Electrostatic precipitator for the removal of particulates from the exhaust of internal-combustion devices or internal combustion engines and the catalytically initiated combustion of said particulates by means of an electric heating device
FR2798303B1 (en) * 1999-09-14 2001-11-09 Daniel Teboul DEVICE FOR TREATING A GASEOUS MEDIUM, IN PARTICULAR EXHAUST GASES FROM AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, AND VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE
US6902604B2 (en) * 2003-05-15 2005-06-07 Fleetguard, Inc. Electrostatic precipitator with internal power supply

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR550371A (en) * 1921-08-27 1923-03-05 Acieries Et Forges Firminy Protection of high voltage insulators against humidity and dust in electrical gas cleaning
FR550372A (en) * 1921-08-27 1923-03-05 Acieries Et Forges Firminy Device to prevent any swaying of the tensor weights of the axial wires (or of the axial electrodes), and to ensure the perfect centering of these wires in the tubes, in devices for the electrical purification of gases
DE1093447B (en) * 1959-07-28 1960-11-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag Device for preventing the formation of eddies leading to pollution during the ventilation of insulators in electrical gas cleaning or emulsion separation systems
GB2046132A (en) * 1979-04-02 1980-11-12 Environmental Elements Corp Protector Tube for High Voltage Suspension Insulator of an Electrostatic Precipitator
DE9115279U1 (en) 1990-12-12 1992-02-20 Noell-KRC Umwelttechnik GmbH, 8700 Würzburg Precipitation electrode, in particular for a condensation electrostatic precipitator
US6508861B1 (en) * 2001-10-26 2003-01-21 Croll Reynolds Clean Air Technologies, Inc. Integrated single-pass dual-field electrostatic precipitator and method
DE102008011949A1 (en) 2008-02-29 2010-01-21 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Electrostatic separator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108722671A (en) * 2018-07-12 2018-11-02 佛山市博顿空气科技有限公司 A kind of workshop inorganization flue gas purifying equipment

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DE102009030804B4 (en) 2011-07-28
EP2266703B1 (en) 2015-11-04
DE102009030804A1 (en) 2011-01-13

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