EP2262346A1 - Utilisation de matériaux d'oxyde de céramiques ou de composés céramiques métalliques pour des applications électriques de type élément chauffant - Google Patents
Utilisation de matériaux d'oxyde de céramiques ou de composés céramiques métalliques pour des applications électriques de type élément chauffant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2262346A1 EP2262346A1 EP09305525A EP09305525A EP2262346A1 EP 2262346 A1 EP2262346 A1 EP 2262346A1 EP 09305525 A EP09305525 A EP 09305525A EP 09305525 A EP09305525 A EP 09305525A EP 2262346 A1 EP2262346 A1 EP 2262346A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- superconducting
- heating element
- oxide ceramic
- material according
- materials
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PZKRHHZKOQZHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[B].[Mg] Chemical compound [B].[B].[Mg] PZKRHHZKOQZHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021521 yttrium barium copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- FFQALBCXGPYQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-difluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C(F)C=C1F FFQALBCXGPYQGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium sulfate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O UBXAKNTVXQMEAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020073 MgB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);dioxido(oxo)zirconium Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Zr]([O-])=O DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;zirconium Chemical compound B#[Zr]#B VWZIXVXBCBBRGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009770 conventional sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C1/00—Details
- H01C1/02—Housing; Enclosing; Embedding; Filling the housing or enclosure
- H01C1/034—Housing; Enclosing; Embedding; Filling the housing or enclosure the housing or enclosure being formed as coating or mould without outer sheath
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of specific oxide ceramic materials and metal ceramic compounds for electrical applications.
- the present invention relates to the use of oxide ceramic materials and metal ceramic compounds suitable in the production of high temperature superconductors in non-superconducting electrical application.
- non-superconducting electrical applications of such materials are the use thereof as heating elements, ohmic resistors or deposition of thin films by means of electrical arc discharge.
- Resistive heating is a process by which passage of electric current through an element or body made of conductive material releases heat. Heating is caused by the interaction of the current and the material of the element or body, in the following referred to "heating element".
- the heating capacity depends on the specific resistance of the material, the cross-sectional area and lengths of the heating element and the electrical current.
- heating elements are often in form of coils (heating coil) made of metals and metal alloys such as tungsten (W) and nickel-iron-alloys.
- the metallic heating coils show a strong flexibility due to the high thermal expansion coefficient of metals and metal alloys. Therefore the metal windings of the coil have to be separated from each other for avoiding short cuts by using materials which are temperature resistant and insulating, such as aluminium oxide, glass, glass wool, rock woll, magnesium oxide, etc. These materials are often expensive and they are in the majority brittle. In the result, electrical devices using such heating elements become more expensive and/or are very sensitive to mechanical impacts.
- Ohmic resistors made of metals and metal alloys for power application suffer from the weight and size caused through the metallic windings.
- US patent 5,750,958 relates to a ceramic heater to be used as ceramic glow plugs.
- the heater is composed of an insulating ceramic sintered body made of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) and a heating element embedded in the insulating ceramic body.
- the heating element is made of an anorganic electrically conducting material, in admixture of a minor part of Si 3 N 4 .
- the heating element can be mainly made of a carbide or nitride of elements of groups 4a, 5a and/or 6a of the periodic system, such as WC, TiC or ZrB 2 .
- the heating element comprises 65 to 95 weight% WC and 5 to 45 weight% Si 3 N 4 .
- the heating element is a printed structure of a thickness in the range of 2.3 to 150 ⁇ m and can be applied by a screen printing method or the like.
- WO 97/31878 discloses the use of barium zirconate (BaZrO 3 ) and strontium zirconate (SrZrO 3 ) as a low reactive material for a crucible for melting superalloys. It is indicated, that the material becomes electrically conductive at high temperature, but is electrically insulating at ambient temperature. In view of the electrically conductivity at high temperatures it is suggested using the material as an additional heating element in the melting of the superalloys as soon as the operation temperature is sufficiently high so that the material becomes electrically conductive.
- the object of the present invention to provide a material to be used in electrical applications such as a heating element or ohmic resistor which is resistant to oxidation, can be operated even at very low voltage levels, can withstand high temperatures without damage, and allows a wide variation in design and shape.
- the object of the present invention is solved by using oxide ceramic materials and metal ceramic compounds having superconducting properties or can be converted to superconducting materials in non-superconducting electrical applications.
- non-superconducting electrical application is understood to mean normal conducting application above the critical temperature of the respective superconducting material, that is above the temperature at which the material becomes superconducting.
- non-superconducting electrical application means an application requiring no cooling of the material as necessary in superconducting applications. Further, this term particularly means any electrical application for which conventionally a normal conducting material is used which has no superconducting potential.
- non-superconducting electrical applications are the use as heating element, ohmic resistors, electrodes in electrical arc discharge and so on.
- oxide ceramic materials and metal ceramic materials as used in the present invention are also commonly referred to "material(s) of the present invention".
- Oxide ceramic materials of the present invention are those known in the production of oxide ceramic high temperature superconductors selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth cuprates and rare earth alkaline cuprates. Typical examples comprise oxide ceramic high temperature superconductors based on Bi-Ae-Cu-O y , (Bi, Pb)-Ae-Cu-O y and Re-Ae-Cu-O y .
- Ae means at least one alkaline earth element, particularly Ba, Ca and/or Sr.
- Re means at least one rare earth element, particularly Y or a combination of two or more of the elements Y, La, Lu, Sc, Ce, Nd or Yb.
- y represents the relative oxygen content of the particular oxide ceramic superconductor material or resulting from the specific nominal composition.
- suitable oxide ceramic materials are those with a nominal composition of BSCCO-2212, BSCCO-2223, YBCO-123 and YBCO-221 wherein the numerical combinations 2212, 2223, 123 and 221 stand for the stoichiometric ratios of the respective elements and wherein part of Bi can be substituted by Pb.
- high temperature superconductor materials are understood to be materials with superconducting property at a critical temperature above the temperature of liquid nitrogen (about 77 K).
- a superconducting oxide ceramic material suitable for the present invention are those known as iron pnictides, a new class of oxide ceramic superconductors reported, for example, by H. Hosono et al. in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 3296 (2008 ).
- the iron pnictides have a general formular of Re'(O 1-x F x )FeAs or (Re' 1-y M y )OFeAs with Re' being one or more rare earth element of atomic number 57 to 71, in particular La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd and M being a metal.
- the parent compound, LaOFeAs, is not superconducting, but upon replacing some of the oxygen by fluorine, the material becomes superconducting.
- a suitable metal ceramic compound is MgB 2 which has also superconducting properties at a temperature of about 39 °K.
- the oxide ceramic material or the metal ceramic compound already has superconducting properties. That is, the present invention also encompasses precursors of the respective superconducting material.
- the precursors of oxide ceramic superconducting material such as mixtures of oxides that have the same nominal composition as the respective oxide ceramic superconducting material can be used, which can be transferred to the superconducting state by suitable treatment, such as heating.
- the materials of the present invention have a specific resistance at ambient temperature (20 °C) in a range of about 1 to 10 m ⁇ cm.
- the specific resistance of these materials is significantly higher than that typically found for metals (about 0.01 to 0.2 m ⁇ cm), but is by far less than that of conventional insulating ceramic materials being 10 8 ⁇ cm and higher.
- the materials of the present invention can be advantageously used in non-superconducting electrical application.
- the material of the present invention can be easily obtained by, for example, admixing the respective oxides of the metal constituents or by any other process known in the production of a precursor material for the respective superconducting material.
- the material of the present invention can be used in form of a thin film, a printed pattern or any massive or hollow shaped body, for example having an essentially quadrangular, polygonal, oval or round cross-section. Examples are plates, disks, rods or tubes.
- the materials of the present invention can be used in form of granules.
- Pattern or thin films can be obtained, for example, by any printing method such as a screen printing method.
- Shaped bodies can be obtained by these materials by using well established ceramic production processes.
- heating elements in form of tubes or plates can be obtained by simple casting or spin casting of these materials.
- a centrifugal melt casting process suitable for the present invention is disclosed in EP 0 462 409 B1 , which is incorporated herein by reference.
- a heating element obtained by a melt cast process is advantageous over a heating element obtained by conventional sintering process in that the obtained body has a by far less porosity.
- the material of the present invention can be suitably used in the production of heaters of large area.
- the electrical resistance of the materials of the present invention can be easily adjusted to the specific requirements of a desired electrical application by varying the phase composition of the material by variation of processing parameters like temperature of atmosphere and/or by doping the oxide ceramic material or metal ceramic compounds with other chemical elements.
- Suitable doping materials are those which can be homogenously mixed with respective superconducting material, for example with the respective melt of the superconducting material in case of melt casting, and which does not cause any mechanical defect in the superconducting layer or body subsequent to cooling.
- Preferred examples of such doping materials are metal oxides, or salts which are not readily soluble, e.g. strontium sulfate (SrSO 4 ).
- the material can be easily transformed by doping from a so called PTC resistor (positive temperature coefficient) as typically designed from metals, to a so called NTC resistor (negative temperature coefficient) as typically designed from semi-conductors.
- PTC resistor positive temperature coefficient
- NTC resistor negative temperature coefficient
- This allows easy design and modification in weight and size of a body or element made from the material of the present invention, for example an ohmic resistor for power applications.
- Electrodes made of the material of the present invention can be advantageously used in deposition of thin layers by vaporization of the material by means of electric arc discharge.
- the electrodes formed from the material of the present invention are momentarily held in contact to each other and applying voltage to the electrodes. Then, the electrodes are separated thereby forming a stable electric arc.
- both electrodes are made from the same material, contamination of the layer to be deposited by impurities is completely or at least almost completely avoided.
- coated conductors are well known in the art. Typically, they are wires or tapes with superconductor properties composed at least of a substrate, optionally one or more buffer layers deposited onto the substrate and a thin layer of superconducting material deposited onto the buffer layer.
- Example 1 heating system based on YBCO 123
- An experimental device was assembled from a plate of polycrystalline YBCO 123 of about 40 cm 2 and a thickness of 1.5 cm.
- a current of about 44 A was conducted at a voltage of about 9 V.
- a homogeneous temperature of above 800 °C was reached for several hours without degradation of the material.
- the obtained superconducting shaped body was provided with electrical contacts for supplying current.
- Example 2 tube shaped heating element
- a tube shaped heating element was manufactured from BSCCO 2212 material by a centrifugal melt casting process. The element worked without problems up to an operation temperature in air of above 500 °C.
- the resulting superconducting shaped body was provided with electrical contacts for supplying current.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09305525A EP2262346A1 (fr) | 2009-06-10 | 2009-06-10 | Utilisation de matériaux d'oxyde de céramiques ou de composés céramiques métalliques pour des applications électriques de type élément chauffant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09305525A EP2262346A1 (fr) | 2009-06-10 | 2009-06-10 | Utilisation de matériaux d'oxyde de céramiques ou de composés céramiques métalliques pour des applications électriques de type élément chauffant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2262346A1 true EP2262346A1 (fr) | 2010-12-15 |
Family
ID=41095946
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09305525A Withdrawn EP2262346A1 (fr) | 2009-06-10 | 2009-06-10 | Utilisation de matériaux d'oxyde de céramiques ou de composés céramiques métalliques pour des applications électriques de type élément chauffant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2262346A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2544833C1 (ru) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-03-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Восточный научно-исследовательский углехимический институт" (ОАО "ВУХИН") | Способ получения углеродсодержащего электропроводного материала |
| CN114937537A (zh) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-23 | 西安西电高压电瓷有限责任公司 | 一种碳陶瓷合闸电阻及制备工艺 |
Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1282023A (en) * | 1969-11-03 | 1972-07-19 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Electrical resistor material |
| US5073537A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1991-12-17 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrically conductive article |
| EP0494128A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-03 | 1992-07-08 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | Produit à base d'oxynitrure mixte pour garnissage de résistance électrique blindée et application réfractaire, et procédé d'obtention |
| EP0462409B1 (fr) | 1990-06-18 | 1994-07-13 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé de production de pièces moulées tubulaires d'un matériau supraconducteur à haute température et usine pour son exécution |
| WO1995000443A1 (fr) | 1993-06-22 | 1995-01-05 | Devoe Irving W | Procede de dessalement de l'eau de mer et d'obtention des matieres brutes qu'elle contient |
| WO1997031878A1 (fr) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-09-04 | Universite De Geneve | Element ceramique, procede de production et utilisation de celui-ci |
| US5750958A (en) | 1993-09-20 | 1998-05-12 | Kyocera Corporation | Ceramic glow plug |
| US6291402B1 (en) * | 1987-05-05 | 2001-09-18 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of making a superconductive oxide body |
| DE10141660A1 (de) | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-06 | Sintered Parts And Services Gm | Keramische Verbundkörper |
| WO2005006455A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-01-20 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Limiteur de courant de defaut |
| US20050231202A1 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2005-10-20 | Hiroshi Morita | Probe for NMR apparatus using magnesium diboride |
| EP1688514A1 (fr) * | 2003-11-20 | 2006-08-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Element chauffant a vaporisation de metaux et procede correspondant |
| US20070194870A1 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2007-08-23 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Permanent current switch |
-
2009
- 2009-06-10 EP EP09305525A patent/EP2262346A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1282023A (en) * | 1969-11-03 | 1972-07-19 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Electrical resistor material |
| US6291402B1 (en) * | 1987-05-05 | 2001-09-18 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of making a superconductive oxide body |
| US5073537A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1991-12-17 | Eastman Kodak Company | Electrically conductive article |
| EP0462409B1 (fr) | 1990-06-18 | 1994-07-13 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé de production de pièces moulées tubulaires d'un matériau supraconducteur à haute température et usine pour son exécution |
| EP0494128A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-03 | 1992-07-08 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | Produit à base d'oxynitrure mixte pour garnissage de résistance électrique blindée et application réfractaire, et procédé d'obtention |
| WO1995000443A1 (fr) | 1993-06-22 | 1995-01-05 | Devoe Irving W | Procede de dessalement de l'eau de mer et d'obtention des matieres brutes qu'elle contient |
| US5750958A (en) | 1993-09-20 | 1998-05-12 | Kyocera Corporation | Ceramic glow plug |
| WO1997031878A1 (fr) | 1996-02-28 | 1997-09-04 | Universite De Geneve | Element ceramique, procede de production et utilisation de celui-ci |
| DE10141660A1 (de) | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-06 | Sintered Parts And Services Gm | Keramische Verbundkörper |
| US20050231202A1 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2005-10-20 | Hiroshi Morita | Probe for NMR apparatus using magnesium diboride |
| WO2005006455A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-01-20 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Limiteur de courant de defaut |
| EP1688514A1 (fr) * | 2003-11-20 | 2006-08-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Element chauffant a vaporisation de metaux et procede correspondant |
| US20070194870A1 (en) * | 2006-02-20 | 2007-08-23 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Permanent current switch |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| H. HOSONO ET AL., J. AM. CHEM. SOC., vol. 130, 2008, pages 3296 |
| MÜNSTER A ET AL.: "Uber einige elektrische Eigenschaften von Titannitrid und Titancarbid", ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSI, vol. 144, 1956, pages 139 - 151 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2544833C1 (ru) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-03-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "Восточный научно-исследовательский углехимический институт" (ОАО "ВУХИН") | Способ получения углеродсодержащего электропроводного материала |
| CN114937537A (zh) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-23 | 西安西电高压电瓷有限责任公司 | 一种碳陶瓷合闸电阻及制备工艺 |
| CN114937537B (zh) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-12-19 | 西安西电高压电瓷有限责任公司 | 一种碳陶瓷合闸电阻及制备工艺 |
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