EP2259271B1 - High voltage rotary current system - Google Patents
High voltage rotary current system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2259271B1 EP2259271B1 EP20100005479 EP10005479A EP2259271B1 EP 2259271 B1 EP2259271 B1 EP 2259271B1 EP 20100005479 EP20100005479 EP 20100005479 EP 10005479 A EP10005479 A EP 10005479A EP 2259271 B1 EP2259271 B1 EP 2259271B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- cable
- current system
- metal
- alternating current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/30—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying alternating current, e.g. due to skin effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B9/00—Power cables
- H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
- H01B9/029—Screen interconnecting circuits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-voltage three-phase current system and one-wire electric cable with integrated electromagnetic shielding for the high-voltage three-phase system.
- the effort can also be described as significant - as with the shielding of cables with a steel pipe or in a steel box ( WO 2004/034539 ; EP 1598911 A1 ) - and with adverse effects on additional losses and ampacity.
- Another design is to provide the leads of a three-conductor cable with a sheath of high permeability material directly ( DE 102006013553 B3 ).
- the said constructions have the disadvantage that either the transmission power of the cable is limited and / or high electrical additional losses are present.
- the object of the invention to present a variant in which a highly effective electromagnetic shield is integrated into the construction, the loss contribution is greatly reduced, while maintaining effective magnetic shielding.
- the inventive construction for reducing the electrical loss contribution in the metal shield of single-core cables in a high-voltage three-phase system is that instead of a cable shield with 'usual' cross-section a much larger cross-section, preferably selected from good electrically conductive material for the metal shield, thus the conductance of the cable shield the otherwise usual in cables values is increased, the metal sheds have at their ends contact means for contacting the metal shades with each other.
- a metal screen which has an increased electrical conductance compared to conventional cables, screen currents are inducible, which lie in the limit in the amount of cable conductor current.
- An upper limit provides at most the technical limit of the current carrying capacity of the cable.
- the metal screen is arranged radially above the single conductor cable and has a corresponding electrical conductance or a corresponding conductor cross section, so that shield currents of the stated order of magnitude can be induced.
- the metal screen cross-section may also be considered.
- Conductance and conductor cross-section are proportional physical quantities. Equivalent are thus statements in which either increased screen cross-section or increased conductance of the metal screen is spoken.
- the metal screen can also be designed in the form of a reinforcement.
- As a material for the metal shield are conductor metals such as copper or aluminum in question.
- the metal screen can be contacted - either inside or outside - with a formed as a film or tape winding metallic contact layer, preferably made of aluminum.
- the contact layer serves on the one hand as a cross-connector which balances the conductivity between the elements of the metal screen and on the other hand as a water vapor barrier.
- one choice may be made at the upper limit or rather at the lower limit of said area of the metal screen.
- costly lead metals for low-cost metals (e.g., copper vs. aluminum)
- cross-sectional differences are 1.6 times, which is the difference in conductivities of the two metals.
- Using a material with high electrical conductivity would limit the mass of the metal screen.
- the electrical conductivity of the metal screen may be in the range 80% to 150% of the electrical conductivity of the cable ladder.
- the electrical conductivity of the metal screen can also be selected equal to the electrical conductivity of the cable ladder.
- the metal screen may consist of metallic single wires or of a metal layer, wherein a layer structure is formed as a tube.
- the individual wires forming a metal screen may be applied with impact or consist of a mesh of the individual wires.
- the metal shield with increased conductance can be arranged as a reinforcement, or it can be arranged on a support tube, the metal shield, in each of which a single conductor cable is retracted with plastic insulation.
- a support tube construction could have approximately the following dimensions: Diameter of a tube made of plastic about 25 cm for pulling a cable core; Forming the metal screen made of aluminum either as a wire mesh or as a cylindrical layer on the pipe with a thickness that exceeds the conductor cross-section of the cable ladder (for example, 2500 mm 2 aluminum) (cross section depending on the targeted loss contribution reduction 3000 to 4000 mm 2 aluminum).
- the principle of ferromagnetic shielding in the embodiment carrier tube here consists of a plastic tube for laying or drawing of three-phase cable cores with a conductive layer (also reinforcement) of large cross-section and with overlying magnetically permeable, preferably highly permeable material. Extremely high shielding factors can be achieved, which can be used to meet particularly stringent magnetic field restrictions.
- the inventively constructed metal screen is wrapped with a high-permeability harness seamlessly.
- a high-permeability harness for the harness is preferably used: overlapping wound, thin bands of a special steel, which have a relative permeability of some 10,000. In addition to their high magnetic shielding effect, these bands are characterized by low eddy current and magnetic reversal losses.
- the harness should be protected against corrosion, so be covered with a corrosion protection layer.
- this type of cable allows extremely high shielding factors to be achieved, with which all conceivable conditions for limiting the magnetic field can be met.
- the structures of the invention provide in areas where the guiding of the cables in a steel pipe is mandatory - such as when crossing under train facilities - a way to lay the individual cable core in a steel pipe, which without this construction due to the then extreme power heat losses is inadmissible.
- the three-phase high-voltage three-phase system consists of three single-conductor cables, preferably in a single-plane arrangement, with the three metal sheds (either the single-core cables or the support tubes) being short-circuited at both ends.
- the three metal sheds either the single-core cables or the support tubes
- the three metal sheds By short-circuiting the three metal sheds at both ends, currents are induced in them which are (nearly) opposite to the respective conductor currents and whose size approaches the conductor current (asymptotically) with increasing cross-section or increasing conductance of the metal screen.
- a cable conductor 12 is a plastic insulation 14 with inner and outer conductive layer.
- a metal screen 20 with a much larger conductance, or cross-section (made of copper or aluminum) is used.
- the cable construction of the metal shield 20 corresponds to the usual reinforcement or reinforcement.
- the metal screen which is preferably formed from wires, is contacted, either inside or outside, with a contact layer 18, preferably made of aluminum, in the form of a film or tape winding.
- the contact layer serves on the one hand as a water vapor barrier and on the other hand as a cross-connector which balances the conductivity between the elements of the metal screen.
- the metal screen 20 is wrapped with a high permeability harness 22.
- Such electrical bands as used in transformer and electrical engineering are made of low silicon silicon steel sheet and are made in a thickness of 0.02 to 0.04 mm. Outwardly, the construction becomes finished with a protective jacket 24, in particular with corrosion protection.
- the insulation of the cable ladder is preferably made of VPE, wherein an inner and an outer conductive layer - as usual - is present.
- Fig. 1B is a laying or support tube 15 is shown, in each of which a single conductor cable is drawn without metal shield.
- the reference numerals used correspond to the same parts as in FIG Fig. 1A , This embodiment is particularly suitable for shorter laying lines, where the support tube is laid in advance, and the cable is retracted later.
- the metal screen 20 and the harness 22 on the support tube 15 are therefore here at a small distance from the cable and not directly on the cable insulation.
- the two features used for magnetic shielding according to the invention are thus a metal screen with a large conductor cross-section and a strapping applied from high-permeability material. With such a construction, regardless of the pitch of the cable cores, extremely high shielding factors can be achieved.
- three such single conductor cables are preferably laid in a horizontal single-level arrangement, the ends of the metal sheds being connected to one another in each case.
- shielding factors SF are the ratio of the magnetic induction (just above the surface of the earth) of the unshielded cable to the shielded cable.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 Used for the high-permeability harness, overlapping wound thin strips of special steel. Their relative permeability should be around 10,000. The effect of this applied above the copper screen bands are the FIGS. 3 to 6 refer to:
- the present design does not increase the conductor overhead losses due to field concentration within the magnetic sheath.
- the shielding factors as a function of the screen cross section A S are plotted for the landing point at 0.2 m above the ground, directly above the horizontal cable system in a single plane arrangement, without and with a high permeability layer above the copper screen. Without magnetic harness, shielding factors of up to around 30 are achieved, depending on the screen cross-section. If, in addition, a highly permeable layer is applied above the copper screen, extremely high shielding factors result, which reach up to about 1400.
- Fig. 7 the current carrying capacity is shown as a function of the wire spacing s of the cables in a single-level arrangement.
- dashed line cables with crossed shields with screen cross section of 50 mm 2 strong line: single conductor cable according to the invention with screen cross section 2500 mm 2
- Parameter magnetic field restriction (thin characteristic: without restriction)
- the thin and the dashed characteristic show the current carrying capacity of the cable with a "normal" screen cross-section of 50 mm 2 with cyclic cross-bonding of the screens, as a function of the wire spacing of the cables in the horizontal single-level arrangement. While the thin characteristic does not take into account any magnetic field restriction, the thick dashed characteristic at distances of about s > 0.25 m shows the required current reduction in the event that a maximum magnetic induction of 100 ⁇ T is set at a height of 0.2 m above the earth's surface , A favorable thermal expansion distance of the cable in this case leads to a reduction of the maximum current.
- the black dot in Fig. 7 returns the load capacity of this cable in the case of an extreme magnetic field restriction of 0.2 ⁇ T, assuming a tight laying of the cables in a steel pipe. In this case, not only the thermally unfavorable arrangement, but also the additional losses of the steel pipe in the order of 20% and the additional losses caused by the steel pipe in the cable have a decreasing load-bearing effect.
- Fig. 7 shows the current-carrying capacity of the present single conductor cable, which depends on the wire spacing, here with a copper screen cross section of 2500 mm 2 .
- Fig. 5b does this Cable even with large wire distances a maximum magnetic induction of less than 0.1 .mu.T, so that a case distinction with respect to the magnetic field restriction is unnecessary.
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- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Cable Accessories (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hochspannungsdrehstromsystem in Einebenenanordnung und einadrige Elektrokabel mit integrierter elektromagnetischer Schirmung für das Hochspannungsdrehstromsystem.The invention relates to a high-voltage three-phase current system and one-wire electric cable with integrated electromagnetic shielding for the high-voltage three-phase system.
Zur Verringerung des äußeren Magnetfeldes von Drehstromkabeln bei 50 oder 60 Hz können unterschiedliche Schirmungsmaßnahmen zum Einsatz kommen. Eine zusammenfassende Darstellung von Maßnahmen wurde unlängst von CIGRE (Paris, 2008) veröffentlicht: CIGRE TF C4.204; "
Es ist schon vorgeschlagen worden, ein flexibles Kabel mit einem aus einem Geflecht gebildeten Kupfer-Schirm zu versehen, wobei - zum Zwecke magnetischer Abschirmung - in das Geflecht Teilchen hoher Permeabilität eingepresst oder die Teilchen mit dem Geflecht verklebt sind (
In der
Es ist für den Fall sehr hoher Anforderungen an die magnetische Abschirmung einer Starkstrom-Kabelanlage die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Anlagenvariante vorzulegen, bei der eine hochwirksame elektromagnetische Schirmung in die Konstruktion integriert ist, deren Verlustbeitrag stark gemindert ist, bei gleichbleibend wirksamer magnetischer Abschirmung.It is in the case of very high demands on the magnetic shielding of a power cable system, the object of the invention to present a variant in which a highly effective electromagnetic shield is integrated into the construction, the loss contribution is greatly reduced, while maintaining effective magnetic shielding.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe findet sich in den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in Unteransprüchen formuliert.The solution of the problem can be found in the features of the independent claim. Advantageous developments are formulated in subclaims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktion zur Verminderung des elektrischen Verlustbeitrags im Metallschirm von Einleiterkabeln in einem Hochspannungsdrehstromsystem besteht darin, dass statt eines Kabelschirms mit 'üblichem' Querschnitt ein wesentlich größerer Querschnitt, vorzugsweise aus gut elektrisch leitfähigem Material für den Metallschirm gewählt ist, somit der Leitwert des Kabelschirms gegenüber den sonst in Kabeln üblichen Werten vergrößert ist, wobei die Metallschirme an ihren Enden Kontaktmittel aufweisen zum Kontaktieren der Metallschirme untereinander. Mit einem Metallschirm, der gegenüber üblichen Kabeln einen vergrößerten elektrischen Leitwert hat, sind Schirmströme induzierbar, die im Grenzfall in Höhe des Kabelleiterstroms liegen. Eine obere Grenze liefert allenfalls die technisch bedingte Grenze der Strombelastbarkeit der Kabel.The inventive construction for reducing the electrical loss contribution in the metal shield of single-core cables in a high-voltage three-phase system is that instead of a cable shield with 'usual' cross-section a much larger cross-section, preferably selected from good electrically conductive material for the metal shield, thus the conductance of the cable shield the otherwise usual in cables values is increased, the metal sheds have at their ends contact means for contacting the metal shades with each other. With a metal screen, which has an increased electrical conductance compared to conventional cables, screen currents are inducible, which lie in the limit in the amount of cable conductor current. An upper limit provides at most the technical limit of the current carrying capacity of the cable.
Der Metallschirm ist radial über dem Einleiterkabel angeordnet und hat einen entsprechenden elektrischen Leitwert oder einen entsprechenden Leiterquerschnitt, so dass Schirmströme in der genannten Größenordnung induzierbar sind. Somit kann anstelle des als erfinderisches Merkmal genannten elektrischen Leitwerts ebenso der Metallschirmquerschnitt betrachtet werden. Leitwert und Leiterquerschnitt sind proportionale physikalische Größen. Äquivalent sind also Aussagen, in denen entweder von vergrößertem Schirmquerschnitt oder von vergrößertem Leitwert des Metallschirms gesprochen wird.The metal screen is arranged radially above the single conductor cable and has a corresponding electrical conductance or a corresponding conductor cross section, so that shield currents of the stated order of magnitude can be induced. Thus, instead of the electrical conductance mentioned as an inventive feature, the metal screen cross-section may also be considered. Conductance and conductor cross-section are proportional physical quantities. Equivalent are thus statements in which either increased screen cross-section or increased conductance of the metal screen is spoken.
Der Metallschirm kann auch in Form einer Armierung ausgebildet sein. Als Material für den Metallschirm kommen Stromleitermetalle wie Kupfer oder Aluminium infrage. Der Metallschirm kann kontaktiert werden - entweder innen oder außen - mit einer als Folie oder Bandwicklung ausgebildeten metallischen Kontaktschicht, vorzugsweise aus Aluminium. Die Kontaktschicht dient einerseits als ein die Leitfähigkeit zwischen den Elementen des Metallschirms ausgleichender Querverbinder und anderseits als Wasserdampfsperre.The metal screen can also be designed in the form of a reinforcement. As a material for the metal shield are conductor metals such as copper or aluminum in question. The metal screen can be contacted - either inside or outside - with a formed as a film or tape winding metallic contact layer, preferably made of aluminum. The contact layer serves on the one hand as a cross-connector which balances the conductivity between the elements of the metal screen and on the other hand as a water vapor barrier.
Je nach wirtschaftlichen Aspekten oder nach Anforderungen aus Vorschriften zu magnetischen Abschirmungen kann jeweils eine Wahl eher an der Obergrenze oder eher an der Untergrenze des genannten Bereichs des Metallschirms vorgenommen werden. So ergeben sich beispielsweise durch Austausch von im Preis teuren Leitermetallen gegen preisgünstige Metalle (z.B. Kupfer gegen Aluminium) Querschnittsunterschiede um den Faktor 1,6, was dem Unterschied der Leitfähigkeiten der beiden Metalle entspricht. Die Verwendung eines Materials mit hoher elektrischen Leitfähigkeit würde die Masse des Metallschirms begrenzen.Depending on the economic aspects or requirements of magnetic shielding regulations, one choice may be made at the upper limit or rather at the lower limit of said area of the metal screen. For example, by exchanging costly lead metals for low-cost metals (e.g., copper vs. aluminum), cross-sectional differences are 1.6 times, which is the difference in conductivities of the two metals. Using a material with high electrical conductivity would limit the mass of the metal screen.
Als Ergänzung oder besondere Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden folgende Einzelheiten aufgeführt. Diese Einzelheiten können einzeln oder gemeinsam verwirklicht sein.As a supplement or particular embodiment of the invention, the following details are listed. These details may be implemented individually or collectively.
Der elektrische Leitwert des Metallschirms kann im Bereich 80 % bis 150 % des elektrischen Leitwerts des Kabelleiters liegen. Der elektrische Leitwert des Metallschirms kann auch gleich dem elektrischen Leitwert des Kabelleiters gewählt werden.The electrical conductivity of the metal screen may be in the
Der Metallschirm kann dabei aus metallischen Einzel-Drähten oder aus einer Metallschicht bestehen, wobei ein Schichtaufbau als Rohr gebildet wird. Die einen Metallschirm bildenden Einzel-Drähte können mit Schlag aufgebracht sein oder aus einem Geflecht der Einzel-Drähten bestehen.The metal screen may consist of metallic single wires or of a metal layer, wherein a layer structure is formed as a tube. The individual wires forming a metal screen may be applied with impact or consist of a mesh of the individual wires.
Auf der Kunststoffisolierung eines jeden Einleiterkabels kann der Metallschirm mit erhöhtem Leitwert als Armierung angeordnet sein, oder es kann der Metallschirm auf einem Trägerrohr angeordnet sein, in welches jeweils ein Einleiterkabel mit Kunststoffisolierung eingezogen ist. Eine Trägerrohrkonstruktion könnte etwa folgende Dimensionierung haben: Durchmesser eines Rohrs aus Kunststoff ca. 25 cm zum Einziehen einer Kabelader; Ausbildung des Metallschirms aus Aluminium entweder als Drahtgeflecht oder als zylindrische Schicht auf dem Rohr mit einer Dicke, die den Leiterquerschnitt des Kabelleiters (zum Beispiel 2500 mm2 Aluminium) deutlich übersteigt (Querschnitt je nach angestrebter Verlustbeitragsminderung 3000 bis 4000 mm2 Aluminium).On the plastic insulation of each single conductor cable, the metal shield with increased conductance can be arranged as a reinforcement, or it can be arranged on a support tube, the metal shield, in each of which a single conductor cable is retracted with plastic insulation. A support tube construction could have approximately the following dimensions: Diameter of a tube made of plastic about 25 cm for pulling a cable core; Forming the metal screen made of aluminum either as a wire mesh or as a cylindrical layer on the pipe with a thickness that exceeds the conductor cross-section of the cable ladder (for example, 2500 mm 2 aluminum) (cross section depending on the targeted loss contribution reduction 3000 to 4000 mm 2 aluminum).
Das Prinzip der ferromagnetischen Schirmung beim Ausführungsbeispiel Trägerrohr besteht hier aus einem Kunststoffrohr zum Verlegen oder Einziehen von Drehstrom-Kabeladern mit einer leitenden Schicht (auch Armierung) großen Querschnitts und mit darüber liegendem magnetisch permeablen, vorzugsweise hochpermeablem Material. Es lassen sich extrem hohe Schirmungsfaktoren erzielen, mit denen auch besonders strenge Auflagen zur Magnetfeldbeschränkung erfüllt werden können.The principle of ferromagnetic shielding in the embodiment carrier tube here consists of a plastic tube for laying or drawing of three-phase cable cores with a conductive layer (also reinforcement) of large cross-section and with overlying magnetically permeable, preferably highly permeable material. Extremely high shielding factors can be achieved, which can be used to meet particularly stringent magnetic field restrictions.
Der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Metallschirm ist mit einer hochpermeablen Bebänderung lückenlos umwickelt. Für die Bebänderung wird bevorzugt eingesetzt: überlappend gewickelte, dünne Bänder aus einem Spezialstahl, die eine relative Permeabilität von einigen 10.000 aufweisen. Diese Bänder zeichnen sich neben ihrer hohen magnetischen Schirmwirkung durch geringe Wirbelstrom- und Ummagnetisierungsverluste aus. Die Bebänderung sollte korrosionsgeschützt untergebacht sein, also mit einer Korrosionsschutzschicht bedeckt sein.The inventively constructed metal screen is wrapped with a high-permeability harness seamlessly. For the harness is preferably used: overlapping wound, thin bands of a special steel, which have a relative permeability of some 10,000. In addition to their high magnetic shielding effect, these bands are characterized by low eddy current and magnetic reversal losses. The harness should be protected against corrosion, so be covered with a corrosion protection layer.
Mit diesem Kabeltyp lassen sich - unabhängig vom Achsabstand der Kabel - extrem hohe Schirmungsfaktoren erzielen, mit denen alle denkbaren Auflagen zur Magnetfeldbeschränkung erfüllt werden können. Damit wird der Einsatz solcher Kabel im Falle extremer Magnetfeldrestriktionen (Werte um 0,2 µT) interessant und ist hierbei anderen Lösungen überlegen, wie Schirmungen mit Stahlrohren oder Stahlkanälen, mit ganz erheblichen Vorteilen im Hinblick auf die Strombelastbarkeit.Irrespective of the axis spacing of the cables, this type of cable allows extremely high shielding factors to be achieved, with which all conceivable conditions for limiting the magnetic field can be met. This makes the use of such cables in the case of extreme magnetic field restrictions (values around 0.2 μT) interesting and is superior to other solutions, such as shielding with steel pipes or steel channels, with very considerable advantages in terms of current carrying capacity.
Zudem bieten die erfindungsgemäßen Konstruktionen in Bereichen, in denen das Führen der Kabel in einem Stahlrohr zwingend ist - wie beispielsweise beim Unterqueren von Bahn-Anlagen - eine Möglichkeit, die einzelne Kabelader in einem Stahlrohr zu verlegen, was ohne diese Konstruktion aufgrund der dann extremen Stromwärmeverluste unzulässig ist.In addition, the structures of the invention provide in areas where the guiding of the cables in a steel pipe is mandatory - such as when crossing under train facilities - a way to lay the individual cable core in a steel pipe, which without this construction due to the then extreme power heat losses is inadmissible.
Somit besteht das erfindungsgemäße Hochspannungsdrehstromsystem aus drei Einleiterkabeln, vorzugsweise in Einebenenanordnung, wobei die drei Metallschirme (entweder die der Einleiterkabel oder die auf den Trägerrohren) an beiden Enden miteinander kurzgeschlossen sind. Durch das Kurzschließen der drei Metallschirme an beiden Enden werden in sie hinein Ströme induziert, die den jeweiligen Leiterströmen (nahezu) entgegengerichtet sind und deren Größe sich mit zunehmendem Querschnitt bzw. zunehmendem Leitwert des Metallschirms dem Leiterstrom (asymptotisch) annähert.Thus, the three-phase high-voltage three-phase system according to the invention consists of three single-conductor cables, preferably in a single-plane arrangement, with the three metal sheds (either the single-core cables or the support tubes) being short-circuited at both ends. By short-circuiting the three metal sheds at both ends, currents are induced in them which are (nearly) opposite to the respective conductor currents and whose size approaches the conductor current (asymptotically) with increasing cross-section or increasing conductance of the metal screen.
Die Erfindung wird in Zeichnungen dargestellt, wobei die Figuren im Einzelnen zeigen
- Fig. 1A und 1B:
- Aufbau in einem Kabel oder in einem Verlegerohr,
- Fig. 2:
- Schirmverlustfaktor y1 als Funktion des Querschnitts des Metallschirms aus Kupfer;
- Fig. 3:
- Abhängigkeit der drei Schirmströme vom Metallschirmquerschnitt aus Kupfer 'ohne' und 'mit' magnetischer Bebänderung;
- Fig. 4:
- ergänzend zu
Fig. 3 : Schirmverlustfaktoren in Abhängigkeit des Metallschirmquerschnitts; - Fig. 5:
- horizontale Verteilung der magnetischen Induktion oberhalb Erdoberfläche;
- Fig. 6:
- maximale magnetische Induktion oberhalb der Erdoberfläche in Abhängigkeit vom Metall- schirmquerschnitt und
- Fig. 7:
- Strombelastbarkeit als Funktion des Achsabstands s der Kabel in Einebenen-Anordnung.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B:
- Construction in a cable or in a laying pipe,
- Fig. 2:
- Screen loss factor y 1 as a function of the cross section of the metal screen made of copper;
- 3:
- Dependence of the three screen currents on the metal screen cross-section of copper 'without' and 'with' magnetic harness;
- 4:
- in addition to
Fig. 3 : Screen loss factors depending on the metal screen cross section; - Fig. 5:
- horizontal distribution of magnetic induction above ground;
- Fig. 6:
- maximum magnetic induction above the earth's surface as a function of the metal screen cross-section and
- Fig. 7:
- Current carrying capacity as a function of the center distance s of the cables in a single-level arrangement.
Die
Der vorzugsweise aus Drähten gebildete Metallschirm wird kontaktiert - entweder innen oder außen - mit einer als Folie oder Bandwicklung ausgebildeten Kontaktschicht 18, vorzugsweise aus Aluminium. Die Kontaktschicht dient einerseits als Wasserdampfsperre und anderseits als ein die Leitfähigkeit zwischen den Elementen des Metallschirms ausgleichender Querverbinder. Der Metallschirm 20 wird umwickelt mit einer hochpermeablen Bebänderung 22. Solche Elektrobänder, wie sie im Transformatoren- und Elektromaschinenbau verwendet werden, bestehen aus Silicium-Stahlblech mit geringem Siliciumanteil und werden in einer Dicke von 0,02 bis 0,04 mm hergestellt. Nach außen wird die Konstruktion mit einem Schutzmantel 24, insbesondere mit Korrosionsschutz abgeschlossen. Die Isolierung des Kabelleiters ist vorzugsweise aus VPE, wobei eine innere und eine äußere Leitschicht - wie üblich - vorhanden ist.The metal screen, which is preferably formed from wires, is contacted, either inside or outside, with a
In
Die beiden zur magnetischen Schirmung eingesetzten erfindungsgemäßen Merkmale sind somit ein Metallschirm mit großem Leiterquerschnitt und eine darüber aufgebrachte Bebänderung aus hochpermeablen Werkstoff. Mit einer solchen Konstruktion können, unabhängig vom Legeabstand der Kabeladern, extrem hohe Schirmungsfaktoren erreicht werden.The two features used for magnetic shielding according to the invention are thus a metal screen with a large conductor cross-section and a strapping applied from high-permeability material. With such a construction, regardless of the pitch of the cable cores, extremely high shielding factors can be achieved.
Für die Installation eines Hochspannungsdrehstromsystem werden drei solcher Einleiterkabel vorzugsweise in einer horizontalen Einebenenanordnung verlegt, wobei die Enden der Metallschirme jeweils untereinander verbunden werden.For the installation of a high-voltage three-phase system, three such single conductor cables are preferably laid in a horizontal single-level arrangement, the ends of the metal sheds being connected to one another in each case.
Zum Einfluss des bezüglich des Leitwerts vergrößerten Metallschirms werden drei Drehstrom-Einleiterkabel in einer horizontalen Einebenenanordnung betrachtet. Nach Herstellen der Kurzschluss-Schleife zwischen den drei Metallschirmen 20 (Armierung) werden in sie hinein Ströme induziert, die den jeweiligen Leiterströmen (nahezu) entgegengerichtet sind und deren Größe sich mit zunehmendem Schirmquerschnitt dem Leiterstrom annähert. Dies führt in einem Bereich der Kupfer-Schirmquerschnitte bis zu etwa 500 mm2 zu einer Abhängigkeit der Schirmverluste (hier: als Schirmverlustfaktor y1 auf die Leiterverluste bezogen), wie sie in der
Die
- bei einem Schirmquerschnitt A S von etwa 100...200 mm2 ein Maximum der Schirmverluste mit mehr als dem Sechsfachen der Leiterverluste auftritt und
- dass jenseits dieses Maximums bei weiterer Steigerung des Schirmquerschnitts (bzw. des Leitwerts) die Schirmverluste wieder abnehmen.
- at a screen cross section A S of about 100 ... 200 mm 2, a maximum of screen losses with more than six times the conductor losses occurs and
- that beyond this maximum, the screen losses decrease again as the screen cross section (or conductance) is further increased.
Dieses Verhalten lässt sich dadurch erklären, dass zunächst - bei kleinen Schirmquerschnitten - mit zunehmendem Querschnitt die Schirmströme rasch anwachsen und sich dem Leiterstrom annähern. Dies ist in der
Aus
Für einen Querschnittsbereich von A S > 400 mm2 sind in
Die sich für einen symmetrischen Leiterstrom von 1108 A einstellenden magnetischen Induktionen sind in der
Der
Ergänzend sind in der
Nach
Eingesetzt für die hochpermeable Bebänderung werden überlappend gewickelte, dünne Bänder aus einem Spezialstahl. Deren relative Permeabilität sollte bei einigen 10.000 liegen. Die Wirkung dieser oberhalb des Kupferschirms aufgebrachten Bänder sind den
Nach
Anders als bei sonstigen Kabeln mit magnetischer Umhüllung, z.B. bei Stahlrohrkabeln, werden bei der vorliegenden Konstruktion nicht die Leiterzusatzverluste aufgrund einer Feldkonzentration innerhalb der magnetischen Hülle vergrößert.Unlike other magnetic-coated cables, e.g. in tubular steel cables, the present design does not increase the conductor overhead losses due to field concentration within the magnetic sheath.
Nach
Vergrößert man den Schirmquerschnitt auf A S = 2500 mm2, so wird die magnetische Induktion direkt oberhalb der Kabel außerordentlich gering: nach
In der Tabelle sind für den Aufpunkt in 0,2 m Höhe über dem Erdboden, direkt über dem horizontalen Kabelsystem in Einebenenanordnung die Schirmungsfaktoren als Funktion des Schirmquerschnitts A S wiedergegeben, und zwar ohne und mit einer hochpermeablen Schicht oberhalb des Kupferschirms. Ohne magnetische Bebänderung werden, je nach Schirmquerschnitt Schirmungsfaktoren bis zu rund 30 erreicht. Wird hingegen zusätzlich eine hochpermeable Schicht oberhalb des Kupferschirms aufgebracht, so ergeben sich extrem hohe Schirmungsfaktoren, die bis zu etwa 1400 reichen.In the table, the shielding factors as a function of the screen cross section A S are plotted for the landing point at 0.2 m above the ground, directly above the horizontal cable system in a single plane arrangement, without and with a high permeability layer above the copper screen. Without magnetic harness, shielding factors of up to around 30 are achieved, depending on the screen cross-section. If, in addition, a highly permeable layer is applied above the copper screen, extremely high shielding factors result, which reach up to about 1400.
Im weiteren wird diskutiert, inwieweit Auflagen zur Magnetfeldbeschränkung und die hieraus folgenden Schirmungsmaßnahmen nach den vorangegangenen Betrachtungen die Strombelastbarkeit der Kabel beeinträchtigen. Hierzu wird wieder von dem bereits diskutierten 110 kV-VPE-Einleiterkabel in einer Legetiefe von 1,2 m bei einem Belastungsgrad von m = 0,85 ausgegangen. Der Kabelgraben sei thermisch stabilisiert.Furthermore, it is discussed to what extent requirements for magnetic field limitation and the subsequent shielding measures according to the preceding considerations affect the current carrying capacity of the cables. For this purpose, the already discussed 110 kV VPE single-conductor cable in a laying depth of 1.2 m at a load factor of m = 0.85 is assumed again. The cable trench is thermally stabilized.
In der
gestrichelte Linie: Kabel mit ausgekreuzten Schirmen mit Schirmquerschnitt von 50 mm2
kräftige Linie: Einleiterkabel nach der Erfindung mit Schirmquerschnitt 2500 mm2
Parameter: Magnetfeldrestriktion (dünne Kennlinie: ohne Restriktion)In the
dashed line: cables with crossed shields with screen cross section of 50 mm 2
strong line: single conductor cable according to the invention with
Parameter: magnetic field restriction (thin characteristic: without restriction)
In dieser Figur zeigen zunächst die dünne und die gestrichelte Kennlinie die Strombelastbarkeit des Kabels mit einem "normalen" Schirmquerschnitt von 50 mm2 bei zyklischem Auskreuzen der Schirme (cross-bonding), als Funktion des Adernabstandes der Kabel in horizontaler Einebenenanordnung. Während die dünne Kennlinie keine Magnetfeldrestriktion berücksichtigt, zeigt die dicke gestrichelte Kennlinie ab Adernabständen von etwa s > 0,25 m die erforderliche Stromminderung für den Fall, dass ein Höchstwert der magnetischen Induktion von 100 µT in 0,2 m Höhe über der Erdoberfläche vorgegeben wird. Eine in thermischer Hinsicht günstige Abstandsvergrößerung der Kabel führt hierbei zu einer Verminderung des höchstzulässigen Stromes.In this figure, first the thin and the dashed characteristic show the current carrying capacity of the cable with a "normal" screen cross-section of 50 mm 2 with cyclic cross-bonding of the screens, as a function of the wire spacing of the cables in the horizontal single-level arrangement. While the thin characteristic does not take into account any magnetic field restriction, the thick dashed characteristic at distances of about s > 0.25 m shows the required current reduction in the event that a maximum magnetic induction of 100 μT is set at a height of 0.2 m above the earth's surface , A favorable thermal expansion distance of the cable in this case leads to a reduction of the maximum current.
Der schwarze Punkt in
Die dicke Kennlinie in
Nach
Claims (11)
- High-voltage alternating current system in a single-plane arrangement and single-strand single-conductor cables, having a magnetic shielding arrangement for the electrical single-conductor cables:- each single-conductor cable comprising a cable conductor (12) and a plastics insulation (14) having an inner and outer semi-conductive layer,and the shielding arrangement for each single-conductor cable comprising:- a metal screen (20) which is arranged above the single-conductor cable and which radially surrounds the single-conductor cable,- a gap-free banding (22) of highly-permeable material which surrounds the metal screen (20), and- the metal screens (20) having contact means at the ends thereof for the mutual contacting of the metal screens,the metal screen (20) being constructed with an electric conductance which is in the range from 80% to 150% of the electric conductance of the cable conductor (12) in order to reduce the electrical loss contribution in the metal screen (20).
- High-voltage alternating current system according to claim 1, characterised in that the electric conductance of the metal screen (20) is equal to the electric conductance of the cable conductor (12).
- High-voltage alternating current system according to either of the preceding claims, characterised in that the metal screens (20) of the single-conductor cables are short-circuited with each other at both ends.
- High-voltage alternating current system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the metal screen (20) is surrounded in a contacting manner by a metal contact layer (18) which is formed as a film or band.
- High-voltage alternating current system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the banding (22) comprises thin bands which are wound in an overlapping manner and which are of special steel having a relative permeability of a few 10,000.
- High-voltage alternating current system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the banding (22) is covered with a corrosion protection layer.
- High-voltage alternating current system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the metal screen (20) comprises copper or aluminium.
- High-voltage alternating current system according to claim 7, characterised in that the metal screen (20) comprises individual metal wires or a metal layer.
- High-voltage alternating current system according to claim 8, characterised in that the metal screen (20) comprises a braiding.
- High-voltage alternating current system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the metal screen (20) is arranged as armouring on the plastics insulation (14) of each single-conductor cable.
- High-voltage alternating current system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the metal screen (20) of the single-conductor cables is arranged on a respective carrier pipe (15) into which a single-conductor cable with plastics insulation (14) is inserted, respectively.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009024149A DE102009024149A1 (en) | 2009-06-06 | 2009-06-06 | Magnetic shielding arrangement for single-conductor electrical cable in high voltage rotary current system, has metal shield formed with enlarged electrical conductance value to reduce electrical leakage at metal shield |
DE102010006352 | 2010-01-30 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2259271A2 EP2259271A2 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
EP2259271A3 EP2259271A3 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
EP2259271B1 true EP2259271B1 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
Family
ID=42342523
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20100005479 Not-in-force EP2259271B1 (en) | 2009-06-06 | 2010-05-27 | High voltage rotary current system |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2259271B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2259271T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2421733T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103531296A (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2014-01-22 | 合肥市硕理机电科技有限公司 | Reinforced multi-core cable |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19807527A1 (en) * | 1998-02-21 | 1999-08-26 | Cit Alcatel | Electric wire or cable |
AU2002345061B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2007-08-23 | Prysmian Cavi E Sistemi Energia S.R.L. | Method for shielding the magnetic field generated by an electrical power transmission line, and magnetically shielded electrical power transmission line |
BR0214601A (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2004-09-14 | Pirelli & C Spa | Electric power transmission line and method for shielding the magnetic field generated by an electric power transmission line |
DE602005002077D1 (en) | 2004-05-21 | 2007-10-04 | Belgian Electricity Lines Engi | A method of placing a magnetic shield along an AC power line |
ES2329277T3 (en) * | 2005-11-05 | 2009-11-24 | Geo Gesellschaft Fur Energie Und Oekologie Mbh | TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF HIGH POWERS WITH RECRUITED MAGNETIC FIELD. |
DE102006013553B3 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-10-18 | Nkt Cables Gmbh | Arrangement for enveloping at least one cable core of an electrical cable |
-
2010
- 2010-05-27 DK DK10005479T patent/DK2259271T3/en active
- 2010-05-27 EP EP20100005479 patent/EP2259271B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-05-27 ES ES10005479T patent/ES2421733T3/en active Active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103531296A (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2014-01-22 | 合肥市硕理机电科技有限公司 | Reinforced multi-core cable |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK2259271T3 (en) | 2013-08-12 |
ES2421733T3 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
EP2259271A2 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
EP2259271A3 (en) | 2012-06-20 |
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