EP2661755B1 - Insulating assembly for an hvdc component having wall-like solid barriers - Google Patents

Insulating assembly for an hvdc component having wall-like solid barriers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2661755B1
EP2661755B1 EP11810606.1A EP11810606A EP2661755B1 EP 2661755 B1 EP2661755 B1 EP 2661755B1 EP 11810606 A EP11810606 A EP 11810606A EP 2661755 B1 EP2661755 B1 EP 2661755B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulation
specific resistivity
assembly according
composite
barriers
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EP11810606.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2661755A1 (en
Inventor
Beriz BAKIJA
Dieter Breitfelder
Thomas Hammer
Jens Hoppe
Karsten LOPPACH
Johann Schlager
Ursus KRÜGER
Frank Heinrichsdorff
Volkmar LÜTHEN
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H01F27/363—Electric or magnetic shields or screens made of electrically conductive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/185—Substances or derivates of cellulose
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/322—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof the insulation forming channels for circulation of the fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens

Definitions

  • the invention comprises an insulation arrangement for an HVDC component according to claim 1, in particular a transformer or a choke, consisting of a series of wall-like solid barriers made of a cellulose material, between which spaces are provided for a transformer oil and form an insulation gap together with the transformer oil.
  • a transformer or a choke consisting of a series of wall-like solid barriers made of a cellulose material, between which spaces are provided for a transformer oil and form an insulation gap together with the transformer oil.
  • the HVDC component is, for example, a bushing for the electrical connections of an HVDC transformer, which must be electrically insulated and shielded.
  • solid barriers made from pressboard are used, whereby the pressboard has an increased conductivity compared to normal pressboard.
  • the solid barriers form a plurality of spaced-apart formwork around the passage, so that there are gaps between them for filling with transformer oil.
  • the thus impregnated cellulosic material is dried at room temperature for 24 hours.
  • the oxidizing agent ensures on the one hand for the polymerization of the pyrrole compounds, in addition to an increase in electrical conductivity.
  • the resistivity p of such impregnated cellulosic materials can thus be influenced by the concentration of pyrroles and the nature of the oxidizing agent.
  • nanocomposites can also be used as a field grading material when it comes to reducing peaks in the formation of electric fields, for example on the insulation of electrical conductors.
  • a material consisting of a polymer can be used for this purpose.
  • a filler is distributed whose particles are nanoparticles, so have a mean diameter of at most 100 nm.
  • inter alia semiconducting materials can be used whose band gap lies in a range of 0 eV and 5 eV.
  • the electrical resistance of the nanocomposite can be adjusted. If, during the admixture of the nanoparticles, a certain proportion of the volume is exceeded, which is between 10 and 20% by volume, depending on the size of the nanoparticles, the specific resistance of the nanocomposite is noticeably reduced, with the result that the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite is adjusted and can be adapted to the required conditions.
  • I can set a resistivity of the order of 10 12 ⁇ m. This results in a voltage drop across the nanocomposite, which results in a more uniform distribution of the potential and thus also grades the resulting electric field in a suitable manner.
  • the resulting field peaks can be reduced, which advantageously increases the dielectric strength.
  • the field-weakening effect of the nanocomposite depends on the permittivity of the nanocomposite, the permittivity ⁇ being a measure of the permeability of a material for electric fields.
  • the permittivity is also referred to as the dielectric constant, the term "permittivity" being used below.
  • the higher the relative permittivity the greater the field weakening effect of the substance used in relation to the vacuum. In the following, only the permittivity figures of the substances used are dealt with.
  • the WO 2006/122736 A1 also describes a system of cellulosic fibers and nanotubes, preferably carbon nanotubes (hereinafter CNT), in which specific resistances of about 6 to 75 ⁇ m can be set. These nanocomposites are to be used, for example, as electrical resistance heating, wherein the conductivity is designed with regard to an ability of the material of the conversion of electrical energy into heat. For this purpose, a sufficient degree of coverage of cellulose fibers with CNT is required.
  • the WO 2006/131011 A1 describes a socket, which may consist inter alia of an impregnated paper wrap.
  • BN is also mentioned among other materials. This can also be used in doped form.
  • the particles should be used with a concentration in the cellulose material below the percolation threshold, so that there is no electrical contact between the particles with each other. For this reason, the specific electrical resistance of the nanocomposite remains essentially unaffected.
  • a nanocomposite comprising semiconducting or nonconducting nanoparticles dispersed in a cellulosic material such as pressboard is known, which can be used as a field grading material in transformers. At least part of the nanoparticles distributed in the cellulosic material have an enclosure of an electrically conductive polymer.
  • a cellulosic material for example, a paper, paperboard or pressboard can be used.
  • the cellulosic material has a construction of cellulosic fibers which in their entirety make up the bandage forming the cellulosic material.
  • BNNT boron nitride nanotubes
  • electrically conductive polymers in the DE 10 2007 018 540 A1 mentioned polymers find use.
  • electrically conductive polymers include polypyrroles, polyaniline, polythiophenes, polyparaphenylenes, polyparaphenylenevinylenes and derivatives of these polymers mentioned.
  • PEDOT is also sold under the trade name Baytron by Bayer AG.
  • PEDOT is also referred to by its systematic name as poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene).
  • the impregnation consists of a polymer which is crosslinked from a negative ionomer, in particular PSS, and a positively charged ionomer.
  • positively charged ionomers preferably PEDOT or PANI can be used.
  • PEDOT refers to the already mentioned poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxydthiophene).
  • PANI is polyaniline and PSS is polystyrene sulfonate.
  • the use of negatively charged and positively charged ionomers advantageously makes it particularly easy to produce the cellulosic material.
  • the ionomers can be easily dissolved in water and thus fed to the process of making the cellulosic material, which is also water-based. By crosslinking the ionomers following preparation of the cellulosic material, the resistivity of the cellulosic material can be lowered.
  • the ionomers polymerize and form in the cellulosic material an electrically conductive network, which is responsible for the reduction of the specific resistance.
  • the mentioned ionomers can also be used to coat already mentioned semiconducting or non-conducting nanoparticles.
  • the nanocomposite can also be impregnated with semiconducting nanoparticles which are at least partially made of BNNT and distributed in the cellulose or a polymer.
  • semiconducting nanoparticles which are at least partially made of BNNT and distributed in the cellulose or a polymer.
  • a doping of this BNNT with suitable dopants or a coating with metals or doped semiconductors is provided on the BNNT.
  • the concentration of BNNT can be chosen the nanocomposite has a specific conductivity p of the order of 10 12 ⁇ m. According to this variant, no conductive polymers are used as a sheathing of the BNNT.
  • Doping can be achieved by modifying the BNNT by adding suitable dopants such that the dopant atoms form electronic states that will make the BNNT a p-conductor (ie, electronic states that capture electrons from the valence band edge ) or to an n-conductor (ie, reaching electronic states that emit electrons by thermal excitation across the conduction band edge).
  • a dopant for a p-doping for example Be comes into question, as a dopant for n-doping Si comes into question.
  • Such doping of the BNNT can be done in situ, during the growth of the BNNT z. B. from the gas or liquid phase, the dopant atoms are incorporated.
  • the doping in a further step after the growth of the BNNT, wherein the dopants are typically taken up by the BNNT under the influence of a heat treatment.
  • the resistivity can be lowered to values typical for doped semiconductors between 0.1 and 1000 ⁇ cm.
  • the nanocomposite made of cellulosic material can also be impregnated with semiconducting nanoparticles, wherein doping of these nanoparticles with dopants is also provided to increase the effective conductivity of at least part of the nanoparticles distributed in the insulating material.
  • the use of semiconducting nanoparticles, in particular BNNT has the advantage that low filler contents of at most 5% by volume, preferably even at most 2% by volume, in the insulating material are sufficient to cause percolation of the nanoparticles and thus to increase the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an insulation arrangement for a HVDC component, which opens up a comparatively large creative scope, in particular allows a space-saving design.
  • the solid barriers are designed as a composite, consisting of the treated cellulose material, and that the wall thickness of the solid particles is reduced compared to the required wall thickness when using the respective untreated cellulose material instead of the composite.
  • the treatment of the cellulosic material is carried out in accordance with the invention in that particles having a lower specific resistance compared to the specific resistance ⁇ p of the untreated cellulose material are distributed in a concentration above the percolation threshold.
  • a coherent network of a conductive polymer with a lower resistivity compared to the specific resistance ⁇ p of the untreated cellulose material pervades the composite. The preparation of such a treated cellulosic material has already been explained above.
  • the basic idea of the invention is that the use of a treated cellulosic material in the manner indicated automatically reduces the specific resistance ⁇ comp .
  • This reduction in resistivity advantageously leads to an alignment with the specific resistance ⁇ o of transformer oil, so that when the insulation arrangement is stressed with a direct current, the voltage across the insulation section advantageously decreases more uniformly. This means that a greater part of the voltage across the transformer oil drops, thus reducing the burden on the solids barriers.
  • This per se known effect can now be used according to the invention for a constructive modification of the geometry of the insulation arrangement. This is specifically achieved by reducing the wall thickness of the solid barriers.
  • the wall thickness of the solid barriers is currently not designed for a given required mechanical stability but because of the electrical load thereof, which is two to three orders of magnitude due to differences in the resistivity of transformer oil and cellulosic materials when using untreated cellulose material.
  • the wall thickness of the solid barriers used in HVDC components is therefore currently 3 to 6 mm.
  • the wall thicknesses can be reduced, advantageously by at least 25%. It should be noted that the gaps between the solid barriers retain their calculated gap width regardless of whether a treated or untreated cellulosic material is used for the solids barriers. From this it can advantageously be deduced that, when using solid barriers with reduced wall thickness, the overall space requirement of the insulation arrangement is reduced. Solid barriers with wall thicknesses of at least 1 and at most 3 mm can be used particularly advantageously. A wall thickness of 1 mm provides a mechanisehe Design limit for the solid barriers so that they still have sufficient stability in later use in the HVDC component.
  • HVDC components are understood to mean those components which are used to transmit high-voltage direct currents and contain current-carrying elements (HVDC means high-voltage DC transmission).
  • HVDC means high-voltage DC transmission
  • transformers or chokes are required as HVDC components.
  • cable routing for the electrical connection of various HVDC components are required.
  • Further HVDC components are disconnection points in such cable guides or bushings through housing components in which other HVDC components are housed.
  • leading to high-voltage direct currents occur, for example, in transformer and choke coils and alternating currents.
  • the HVDC components in the sense of this invention should be suitable for transmitting high-voltage direct currents of at least 100 kV, preferably for the transmission of high-voltage direct currents of more than 500 kV.
  • the described, for the invention essential effect of a relief of the cellulosic material by the voltage drop takes place to a greater extent on the transformer oil can be used advantageously good if the specific resistance ⁇ comp of the composite is not more than 5 times 10 13 ⁇ m.
  • a specific resistance ⁇ comp of the composite which is 1 to 20 times the specific resistance ⁇ o of the transformer oil. It can be provided particularly advantageously that the specific resistance ⁇ comp of the composite corresponds, on the order of magnitude, to the specific resistance of transformer oil.
  • order of magnitude it is meant that the specific resistance ⁇ comp of the composite differs by at most an order of magnitude from that of the transformer oil (ie at most by a factor of 10).
  • the specific resistances ⁇ o , ⁇ p and ⁇ comp in the context of this invention should each be measured at room temperatures and a prevailing reference field strength of 1 kV / mm. Under these conditions, the resistivity ⁇ o is between 10 12 and 10 13 ⁇ m. It should be noted, however, that the specific resistance ⁇ o of transformer oil is rather reduced in the case of an inventive heavier load due to the voltage drop across the transformer oil. In the embodiments described in more detail below, it is therefore assumed that a specific resistance ⁇ o in the transformer oil of 10 12 ⁇ m.
  • the wall thickness of adjacent solid particles barriers the insulating section is stepped, wherein the solid barrier is provided with the greatest wall thickness in the region of the Isolatierrange, where the equipotential surfaces of the electric field are compared to the other areas of the insulating section closest to each other.
  • the specific resistance is graduated from adjacent solid-state barriers of the insulating path, wherein the solids barrier with the lowest specific resistance is provided in the region of the insulating path where the equipotential surfaces of the electric field compared to the other regions of the insulating field Isolierumble are closest to each other.
  • the area in which the equipotential surfaces are closest to one another is normally at that end of the insulating path which is closer to the HVDC component to be insulated.
  • the insulating section begins with the innermost solid barrier, where also the equipotential surfaces of the electric field are closest to each other.
  • the insulating section is further defined by the sequence of concentric with each other in the case of a transformer coil further solid barriers. However, these are in areas where the distance between the equipotential surfaces is comparatively already larger.
  • the gradation of the wall thickness of the adjacent solid barriers or of the specific resistance of the adjacent solid barriers advantageously takes into account the distribution of the electric field strength, so that the use of material can be optimized in each case to the locally present field strength.
  • the wall thicknesses of the solids barriers can be optimized over the entire insulating distance, which advantageously leads to the greatest possible saving of installation space.
  • the specific resistances set the solids barriers differently, so for example, impregnation material for the solid barriers can be saved, whereby the material costs are reduced.
  • Advantageous uses for the insulation arrangement are, for example, in the embodiment as winding insulation for transformer coils or inductors. These coils are isolated on their lateral surfaces by solid barriers in the form of cylinders, for example from pressboard. In the region of the end faces of the coils angle rings and caps are arranged, which are also designed as a wall-like solids barriers. All of these components benefit from the design according to the invention with reduced in comparison to untreated cellulose material specific resistivity, so that advantageously the wall thickness of all these individual solid barriers can be reduced.
  • the insulation arrangement of a separation point for a routing for a HVDC component, the wiring itself, or a passage with an electrode for connection to a line in the housing of the HVDC component surrounds.
  • wall-like solids barriers are used, which can be advantageously constructed with thinner wall thicknesses. This simplifies the arrangement of cable guides and associated with these separation points and feedthroughs, since the space in the housing components of HVDC components are often cramped.
  • An electrical insulating section 18 according to FIG. 1 generally consists of several layers of cellulosic material 19, between which oil layers 20 are located. Also, the cellulosic material 19 is impregnated with oil, which in FIG. 1 not shown in detail. This is in FIG. 1 to recognize an impregnation 11 within the cellulosic material.
  • the according to FIG. 1 insulation shown surrounds, for example, in a transformer there coming to use windings, which must be electrically insulated to the outside and each other.
  • the electrical insulation of a transformer must prevent electrical breakdowns in the event of an AC voltage being applied.
  • the isolation behavior of the insulation depends on the permittivity of the components of the insulation.
  • the permittivity ⁇ o is approximately 2, for the cellulosic material ⁇ p at 4.
  • the load on the individual insulation components results in the voltage U o applied to the oil being approximately twice as high like those on the cellulosic material Voltage U p .
  • the impregnation 11 does not influence the stress distribution in the insulation according to the invention since the permittivity ⁇ BNNT is also approximately 4, and therefore the permittivity ⁇ comp of the impregnated cellulosic material is also approximately 4 lies.
  • the voltage U o applied to the oil is approximately twice as great as the voltage U comp applied to the nanocomposite (cellulosic material).
  • the breakdown strength of the insulation in the case of HVDC components when DC voltages are present is also important.
  • the distribution of the applied voltage to the individual insulation components is then no longer dependent on the permittivity, but on the resistivity of the individual components.
  • the specific resistance ⁇ o of oil is between 10 13 and 10 12 ⁇ m.
  • a greater part of the voltage drop to relieve the cellulosic material in the oil is to take place and that the specific resistance of the oil decreases when a voltage is applied, it is rather, as in Fig. 1 shown to start from a resistivity ⁇ o of 10 12 ⁇ m.
  • ⁇ p of cellulose material is three orders of magnitude higher and is 10 15 ⁇ m.
  • the inventively introduced into the cellulosic material 19 impregnation 11 may, for. B. from BNNT and is adjusted by a suitable coating of BNNT from PEDOT: PSS and possibly by an additional doping of the BNNT with dopants with their resistivity (between 0.1 and 1000 ⁇ cm) that the specific resistance of the cellulose material ⁇ p is lowered.
  • PEDOT: PSS or the sole use of BNNT.
  • the voltage U o applied to the oil is of the order of magnitude in the region of the voltage U comp applied to the composite, so that a balanced voltage profile is established in the insulation.
  • the dielectric strength of the insulation is advantageously improved, since the load on the cellulosic material is noticeably reduced.
  • FIG. 2 is the section of a HVDC transformer to see. This is housed in a designated as boiler 21 housing. Also indicated are a high voltage coil and a low voltage coil whose windings 22,23 in FIG. 2 can be seen.
  • a transformer core 14 is shown only schematically for the sake of clarity.
  • an electric field is represented by field lines 33 extending on equipotential surfaces of the electric field.
  • This electric field is influenced by various elements of an insulation arrangement which, as elements, include segmented shielding rings 24, 25, cylindrical solid material barriers 26 made of pressboard, and angle rings 27 also made of pressboard.
  • the shield rings 24, 25 have a core 28 with a metallic surface 29 and a paper winding 30.
  • the interior space 31 is filled with a filling of transformer oil, which therefore also flows into the gaps 32 between the individual elements of the insulation arrangement and fills them.
  • the field lines 33 also penetrate a pressure ring 34 of block chip.
  • the pressure ring 34 can also be modified to influence the electric field which is being formed in this area.
  • the pressure ring 34 together with a not shown winding table, which can also be made of block chip and the windings 22, 23 carries, for a mechanical cohesion of all modules (including the solid barriers).
  • the pressure ring 34 and the winding table, not shown, are to be understood as elements of the isolation route.
  • FIG. 2 The mechanical interaction of the individual components is in FIG. 2 not shown in detail.
  • annular caps can also be used in a manner not shown, which enclose the shield rings 24, 25 on the windings 22, 23 opposite side.
  • the thickness of the cylindrical solids barriers 26 and the angle rings 27 is reduced.
  • space can be saved, since the width of the column 32 remains constant and thus the width of scatter channels 35 can be reduced.
  • the transformer can be designed to save space. This is of particular importance for a currently emerging trend of HVDC components for ever higher Provide voltage ranges in particular of more than 1000 kV, in which the insulation arrangements are becoming more space consuming.

Description

Die Erfindung umfasst eine Isolationsanordnung für eine HGÜ-Komponente gemäß Anspruch 1 insbesondere einem Transformator oder eine Drossel, bestehend aus einer Folge von wandartigen Feststoffbarrieren aus einem Cellulosematerial, zwischen denen Zwischenräume für ein Transformatoröl vorgesehen sind und die zusammen mit dem Transformatoröl eine Isolationsstrecke bilden. Eine solche Isolationsanordnung der eingangs genannten Art ist beispielsweise aus der EP 285 895 bekannt. Bei der HGÜ-Komponente handelt es sich beispielsweise um eine Durchführung für die elektrischen Anschlüsse eines HGÜ-Transformators, welche elektrisch isoliert und abgeschirmt werden müssen. Hierbei kommen Feststoffbarrieren aus Pressspan zum Einsatz, wobei der Pressspan gegenüber normalem Pressspan eine erhöhte Leitfähigkeit aufweist. Die Feststoffbarrieren bilden mehrere voneinander beabstandete Verschalungen um die Durchleitung, so dass dazwischen Spalte zur Befüllung mit Transformatorenöl entstehen. Die Folge von mit Transformatoröl gefüllten Spalten und Feststoffbarrieren ergibt eine Isolierstrecke für die Durchführung.
Aus der US 4,521,450 ist es bekannt, dass ein imprägnierfähiges Vollmaterial aus Cellulosefasern in ein wässriges Oxidationsmittel, wie z. B. einer schwach säurehaltigen Lösung aus Eisen (III)-chloridlösung, Cer(IV)-sulfat, Kaliumhexacyano-ferrat(III) oder Molybdatophosphorsäure getaucht werden kann. Anschließend wird das feuchte Cellulosematerial entweder mit flüssigem oder dampfförmigem Pyrrol-Verbindungen bei Raumtemperatur so lange behandelt, bis das Pyrrol in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration des Oxidationsmittels polymerisiert wird. Das so imprägnierte Cellulosematerial wird bei Raumtemperatur 24 Stunden getrocknet. Das Oxidationsmittel sorgt einerseits für die Polymerisation der Pyrrol-Verbindungen, außerdem für eine Erhöhung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit. Der spezifische Widerstand p solcher imprägnierten Cellulosematerialien kann damit über die Konzentration an Pyrrolen und die Art des Oxidationsmittels beeinflusst werden.The invention comprises an insulation arrangement for an HVDC component according to claim 1, in particular a transformer or a choke, consisting of a series of wall-like solid barriers made of a cellulose material, between which spaces are provided for a transformer oil and form an insulation gap together with the transformer oil. Such an insulation arrangement of the type mentioned is for example from the EP 285,895 known. The HVDC component is, for example, a bushing for the electrical connections of an HVDC transformer, which must be electrically insulated and shielded. In this case solid barriers made from pressboard are used, whereby the pressboard has an increased conductivity compared to normal pressboard. The solid barriers form a plurality of spaced-apart formwork around the passage, so that there are gaps between them for filling with transformer oil. The sequence of column filled with transformer oil and solid barriers results in an insulating stretch for the bushing.
From the US 4,521,450 It is known that a impregnable solid material made of cellulose fibers in an aqueous oxidizing agent, such as. As a weakly acidic solution of iron (III) chloride solution, cerium (IV) sulfate, potassium hexacyano-ferrate (III) or molybdatophosphoric acid can be immersed. Subsequently, the wet cellulosic material is treated with either liquid or vapor pyrrole compounds at room temperature until the pyrrole is depen- dent on is polymerized by the concentration of the oxidizing agent. The thus impregnated cellulosic material is dried at room temperature for 24 hours. The oxidizing agent ensures on the one hand for the polymerization of the pyrrole compounds, in addition to an increase in electrical conductivity. The resistivity p of such impregnated cellulosic materials can thus be influenced by the concentration of pyrroles and the nature of the oxidizing agent.

Weiterhin ist es bekannt, dass Nanokomposite auch als feldgradierendes Material verwendet werden können, wenn es darum geht, Spitzen bei der Ausbildung von elektrischen Feldern, beispielsweise an der Isolation elektrischer Leiter, zu verringern. Gemäß der WO 2004/038735 A1 kann hierzu beispielsweise ein Material, bestehend aus einem Polymer, verwendet werden. In diesem wird ein Füllstoff verteilt, dessen Partikel Nanopartikel sind, also einen mittleren Durchmesser von höchtens 100 nm aufweisen. Gemäß der US 2007/0199729 A1 sind für derartige Nanopartikel u. a. halbleitende Materialien einsetzbar, deren Bandlücke in einem Bereich von 0 eV und 5 eV liegt. Mittels der eingesetzten Nanopartikel, die beispielsweise aus ZnO bestehen können, lässt sich der elektrische Widerstand des Nanokomposits einstellen. Wird bei der Zumischung der Nanopartikel ein bestimmter Anteil des Volumens überschritten, der je nach Größe der Nanopartikel bei 10 bis 20 Vol-% liegt, so verringert sich der spezifische Widerstand des Nanokomposits spürbar, wobei sich auf diese Weise die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Nanokomposits einstellen und an die geforderten Bedingungen anpassen lässt. Insbesondere lässt ich ein spezifischer Widerstand in einer Größenordnung von 1012 Ωm einstellen. Erreicht wird damit ein Spannungsabfall über den Nanokomposit, welcher eine gleichmäßigere Verteilung des Potentials zur Folge hat und damit auch das entstehende elektrische Feld in geeigneter Weise gradiert.Furthermore, it is known that nanocomposites can also be used as a field grading material when it comes to reducing peaks in the formation of electric fields, for example on the insulation of electrical conductors. According to the WO 2004/038735 A1 For example, a material consisting of a polymer can be used for this purpose. In this, a filler is distributed whose particles are nanoparticles, so have a mean diameter of at most 100 nm. According to the US 2007/0199729 A1 For such nanoparticles, inter alia semiconducting materials can be used whose band gap lies in a range of 0 eV and 5 eV. By means of the used nanoparticles, which can for example consist of ZnO, the electrical resistance of the nanocomposite can be adjusted. If, during the admixture of the nanoparticles, a certain proportion of the volume is exceeded, which is between 10 and 20% by volume, depending on the size of the nanoparticles, the specific resistance of the nanocomposite is noticeably reduced, with the result that the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite is adjusted and can be adapted to the required conditions. In particular, I can set a resistivity of the order of 10 12 Ωm. This results in a voltage drop across the nanocomposite, which results in a more uniform distribution of the potential and thus also grades the resulting electric field in a suitable manner.

Hierdurch können die entstehenden Feldspitzen verringert werden, wodurch vorteilhaft die Durchschlagfestigkeit gesteigert wird.As a result, the resulting field peaks can be reduced, which advantageously increases the dielectric strength.

Bei einer Beanspruchung des elektrischen Leiters mit einer Wechselspannung entsteht ebenfalls ein feldgradierender Effekt, der allerdings einem anderen Mechanismus folgt. Die feldschwächende Wirkung des Nanokomposits hängt hierbei von der Permittivität des Nanokomposits ab, wobei die Permittivität ε ein Maß für die Durchlässigkeit eines Materials für elektrische Felder ist. Die Permittivität wird auch als Dielektrizitätskonstante bzeichnet, wobei im Folgenden der Begriff "Permittivität" verwendet werden soll. Als relative Permittivität bezeichnet man das durch die Permittivitätszahl εr = ε/ε0 bezeichnete Verhältnis der Permittivität ε eines Stoffes zur elektrischen Feldkonstante ε0, welche die Permittivität des Vakuums angibt. Je höher die relative Permittivität ist, desto größer ist auch der feldschwächende Effekt des eingesetzten Stoffes im Verhältnis zum Vakuum. Im Folgenden werden nur die Permittivitätszahlen der zum Einsatz kommenden Stoffe behandelt.When the electrical conductor is subjected to an alternating voltage, a field-grading effect is also produced which, however, follows a different mechanism. The field-weakening effect of the nanocomposite depends on the permittivity of the nanocomposite, the permittivity ε being a measure of the permeability of a material for electric fields. The permittivity is also referred to as the dielectric constant, the term "permittivity" being used below. As the relative permittivity is referred to by the relative permittivity ε r = ε / ε 0 designated ratio of the permittivity ε of the substance to the electric field constant ε 0, which indicates the permittivity of vacuum. The higher the relative permittivity, the greater the field weakening effect of the substance used in relation to the vacuum. In the following, only the permittivity figures of the substances used are dealt with.

Die WO 2006/122736 A1 beschreibt außerdem ein System aus Cellulosefasern und Nanotubes, vorzugsweise Carbon-Nanotubes (im folgenden CNT), bei welchem sich spezifische Widerstände von umgerechnet 6 bis 75 Ωm einstellen lassen. Diese Nanokomposite sollen beispielsweise als elektrische Widerstandsheizung verwendet werden, wobei die Leitfähigkeit mit Blick auf eine Fähigkeit des Materials der Umsetzung von elektrischer Energie in Wärme ausgelegt ist. Hierfür ist ein genügender Bedeckungsgrad der Cellulosefasern mit CNT erforderlich.
Die WO 2006/131011 A1 beschreibt eine Buchse, welche unter anderem aus einer imprägnierten Papierwicklung bestehen kann.The WO 2006/122736 A1 also describes a system of cellulosic fibers and nanotubes, preferably carbon nanotubes (hereinafter CNT), in which specific resistances of about 6 to 75 Ωm can be set. These nanocomposites are to be used, for example, as electrical resistance heating, wherein the conductivity is designed with regard to an ability of the material of the conversion of electrical energy into heat. For this purpose, a sufficient degree of coverage of cellulose fibers with CNT is required.
The WO 2006/131011 A1 describes a socket, which may consist inter alia of an impregnated paper wrap.

Als Material für die Imprägnierung wird unter anderen Materialien auch BN genannt. Dieses kann auch in dotierter Form verwendet werden. Außerdem sollen die Partikel mit einer Konzentration im Cellulosematerial unterhalb der Perkolationsschwelle verwendet werden, so dass es nicht zu einer elektrischen Kontaktierung der Partikel untereinander kommt. Aus diesem Grund bleibt der spezifische elektrische Widerstand des Nanokomposits im Wesentlichen unbeeinflusst.As a material for impregnation, BN is also mentioned among other materials. This can also be used in doped form. In addition, the particles should be used with a concentration in the cellulose material below the percolation threshold, so that there is no electrical contact between the particles with each other. For this reason, the specific electrical resistance of the nanocomposite remains essentially unaffected.

Aus der nach dem Zeitpunkt dieser Anmeldung veröffentlichten Anmeldung mit dem Aktenzeichen DE 102010041630.4 ist ein Nanokomposit mit halbleitenden oder nichtleitenden Nanopartikeln, die in einem Cellulosematerial wie zum Beispiel Pressspan verteilt sind, bekannt, der als Feld gradierendes Material bei Transformatoren verwendet werden kann. Zumindest ein Teil der in dem Cellulosematerial verteilten Nanopartikel weisen eine Umhüllung aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Polymer auf. Als Cellulosematerial kann beispielsweise ein Papier, Pappe oder Pressspan verwendet werden. Das Cellulosematerial weist einen Aufbau aus Cellulosefasern auf, die in ihrer Gesamtheit den das Cellulosematerial bildenden Verband ausmachen. Als halbleitende oder nichtleitende Nanopartikel können beispielsweise Si, SiC, ZnO, BN, GaN, AlN oder C, insbesondere auch Bornitrid-Nanoröhrchen (im folgenden als BNNT bezeichnet) verwendet werden. Als elektrisch leitfähige Polymere können die in der DE 10 2007 018 540 A1 erwähnten Polymere Verwendung finden. Als elektrisch leitfähige Polymere werden beispielsweise Polypyrrole, Polyanilin, Polythiophene, Polyparaphenylene, Polyparaphenylen-Vinylene und Derivate dieser genannten Polymere genannt. Ein spezielles Beispiel für solche Polymere ist PEDOT, das auch unter dem Handelnamen Baytron von der Bayer AG vertrieben wird. PEDOT wird mit seinem systematischen Namen auch als Poly-(3,4-ethylen-dioxythiophen) bezeichnet.From the application with the file number published after the date of this application DE 102010041630.4 For example, a nanocomposite comprising semiconducting or nonconducting nanoparticles dispersed in a cellulosic material such as pressboard is known, which can be used as a field grading material in transformers. At least part of the nanoparticles distributed in the cellulosic material have an enclosure of an electrically conductive polymer. As the cellulose material, for example, a paper, paperboard or pressboard can be used. The cellulosic material has a construction of cellulosic fibers which in their entirety make up the bandage forming the cellulosic material. Si, SiC, ZnO, BN, GaN, AlN or C, in particular also boron nitride nanotubes (hereinafter referred to as BNNT) can be used as semiconducting or nonconducting nanoparticles, for example. As electrically conductive polymers in the DE 10 2007 018 540 A1 mentioned polymers find use. Examples of electrically conductive polymers include polypyrroles, polyaniline, polythiophenes, polyparaphenylenes, polyparaphenylenevinylenes and derivatives of these polymers mentioned. A specific example of such polymers is PEDOT, which is also sold under the trade name Baytron by Bayer AG. PEDOT is also referred to by its systematic name as poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene).

Gemäß der der nach dem Zeitpunkt dieser Anmeldung veröffentlichten Anmeldung mit dem Aktenzeichen DE 102010041635.5 kann auch vorgesehen werden, dass die Imprägnierung aus einem Polymer besteht, welches aus einem negativen Ionomer, insbesondere PSS, und einem positiv geladenen Ionomer vernetzt ist. Als positiv geladene Ionomere können vorzugsweise PEDOT oder PANI Verwendung finden. Als PEDOT bezeichnet man das bereits erwähnte Poly-(3,4-ethylen-dioxydthiophen). PANI ist Polyanilin und PSS ist Polystyrensulfonat. Die Verwendung negativ geladener und positiv geladener Ionomere ermöglicht vorteilhaft eine besonders einfache Herstellung des Cellulosematerials. Die Ionomere können einfach in Wasser gelöst werden und somit dem Prozess der Herstellung des Cellulosematerials, der ebenfalls wasserbasiert ist, zugeführt werden. Durch Vernetzung der Ionomere im Anschluss an die Herstellung des Cellulosematerials kann der spezifische Widerstand des Cellulosematerials gesenkt werden. Dabei polymerisieren die Ionomere und bilden in dem Cellulosematerial ein elektrisch leitfähiges Netzwerk, welches für die Verminderung des spezifischen Widerstandes verantwortlich ist. Insbesondere können die genannten Ionomere auch verwendet werden, um bereits erwähnten halbleitenden oder nichtleitenden Nanopartikel zu umhüllen.According to the filed with the file number after the date of this application DE 102010041635.5 It can also be provided that the impregnation consists of a polymer which is crosslinked from a negative ionomer, in particular PSS, and a positively charged ionomer. As positively charged ionomers preferably PEDOT or PANI can be used. PEDOT refers to the already mentioned poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxydthiophene). PANI is polyaniline and PSS is polystyrene sulfonate. The use of negatively charged and positively charged ionomers advantageously makes it particularly easy to produce the cellulosic material. The ionomers can be easily dissolved in water and thus fed to the process of making the cellulosic material, which is also water-based. By crosslinking the ionomers following preparation of the cellulosic material, the resistivity of the cellulosic material can be lowered. The ionomers polymerize and form in the cellulosic material an electrically conductive network, which is responsible for the reduction of the specific resistance. In particular, the mentioned ionomers can also be used to coat already mentioned semiconducting or non-conducting nanoparticles.

Gemäß der der nach dem Zeitpunkt dieser Anmeldung veröffentlichten Anmeldung mit dem Aktenzeichen DE 102009033267.7 kann der Nanokomposit auch mit halbleitenden Nanopartikeln imprägniert werden, die zumindest teilweise aus BNNT bestehen und in der Cellulose oder einem Polymer verteilt sind. Zur Erhöhung der effektiven Leitfähigkeit zumindest eines Teils der in dem Isolierstoff verteilten BNNT ist eine Dotierung dieser BNNT mit geeigneten Dotierstoffen oder eine Beschichtung mit Metallen oder dotierten Halbleitern auf den BNNT vorgesehen. Die Konzentration der BNNT kann so gewählt werden, dass der Nanokomposit eine spezifische Leitfähigkeit p in der Größenordnung von 1012 Ωm aufweist. Nach dieser Variante kommen keine leitfähigen Polymere als Ummmantelung der BNNT zum Einsatz.According to the filed with the file number after the date of this application DE 102009033267.7 For example, the nanocomposite can also be impregnated with semiconducting nanoparticles which are at least partially made of BNNT and distributed in the cellulose or a polymer. To increase the effective conductivity of at least part of the BNNT distributed in the insulating material, a doping of this BNNT with suitable dopants or a coating with metals or doped semiconductors is provided on the BNNT. The concentration of BNNT can be chosen the nanocomposite has a specific conductivity p of the order of 10 12 Ωm. According to this variant, no conductive polymers are used as a sheathing of the BNNT.

Eine Dotierung kann erreicht werden, indem die BNNT durch Beigabe von geeigneten Dotierstoffen dahingehend modifiziert werden, dass die Dotierstoff-Atome elektronische Zustände ausbilden, die das BNNT zu einem p-Leiter (d.h., dass elektronische Zustände ausgebildet werden, die Elektronen von der Valenzbandkante einfangen) oder zu einem n-Leiter (d. h., dass elektronische Zustände erreicht werden, die Elektronen durch thermische Anregung über die Leitungsbandkante emittieren) ausbilden. Als Dotierstoff für eine p-Dotierung kommt beispielsweise Be in Frage, als Dotierstoff für eine n-Dotierung kommt Si in Frage. Eine solche Dotierung der BNNT kann in situ erfolgen, wobei während des Wachstums der BNNT z. B. aus der Gas- oder Flüssigphase die Dotierstoff-Atome eingebaut werden. Auch ist es möglich, die Dotierung in einem weiteren Schritt nach dem Wachstum der BNNT durchzuführen, wobei die Dotierstoffe typischerweise unter dem Einfluss einer Wärmebehandlung von den BNNT aufgenommen werden. Durch Einbringung der Dotierstoffe in die BNNT kann der spezifische Widerstand auf für dotierter Halbleiter typische Werte zwischen 0,1 und 1000 Ωcm abgesenkt werden.Doping can be achieved by modifying the BNNT by adding suitable dopants such that the dopant atoms form electronic states that will make the BNNT a p-conductor (ie, electronic states that capture electrons from the valence band edge ) or to an n-conductor (ie, reaching electronic states that emit electrons by thermal excitation across the conduction band edge). As a dopant for a p-doping, for example Be comes into question, as a dopant for n-doping Si comes into question. Such doping of the BNNT can be done in situ, during the growth of the BNNT z. B. from the gas or liquid phase, the dopant atoms are incorporated. It is also possible to carry out the doping in a further step after the growth of the BNNT, wherein the dopants are typically taken up by the BNNT under the influence of a heat treatment. By introducing the dopants into the BNNT, the resistivity can be lowered to values typical for doped semiconductors between 0.1 and 1000 Ωcm.

Gemäß der der nach dem Zeitpunkt dieser Anmeldung veröffentlichten Anmeldung mit dem Aktenzeichen DE 10 2009 033 268.5 kann der Nanokomposit aus Cellulosematerial auch anderen mit halbleitenden Nanopartikeln imprägniert werden, wobei auch zur Erhöhung der effektiven Leitfähigkeit zumindest eines Teils der in dem Isolierstoff verteilten Nanopartikel eine Dotierung dieser Nanopartikel mit Dotierstoffen vorgesehen ist. Die Verwendung der halbleitenden Nanopartikel, insbesondere BNNT hat den Vorteil, dass geringe Füllgrade von höchstens 5 Vol-% bevorzugt sogar höchstens 2 Vol-% in dem Isolierstoff ausreichen, um eine Perkolation der Nanoteilchen zu bewirken und damit die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Nanokomposits zu erhöhen.According to the filed with the file number after the date of this application DE 10 2009 033 268.5 For example, the nanocomposite made of cellulosic material can also be impregnated with semiconducting nanoparticles, wherein doping of these nanoparticles with dopants is also provided to increase the effective conductivity of at least part of the nanoparticles distributed in the insulating material. The use of semiconducting nanoparticles, in particular BNNT has the advantage that low filler contents of at most 5% by volume, preferably even at most 2% by volume, in the insulating material are sufficient to cause percolation of the nanoparticles and thus to increase the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, eine Isolationsanordnung für eine HGÜ-Komponente anzugeben, welche einen vergleichsweise großen gestalterischen Spielraum eröffnet, insbesondere eine raumsparende Konstruktion erlaubt.The object of the invention is to provide an insulation arrangement for a HVDC component, which opens up a comparatively large creative scope, in particular allows a space-saving design.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit der eingangs angegebenen Isolationsanordnung erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Feststoffbarrieren als Komposit ausgeführt sind, bestehend aus dem behandelten Cellulosematerial, und dass die Wandstärke der Feststoffbarrieren im Vergleich zur erforderlichen Wandstärke bei Verwendung des betreffenden unbehandelten Cellulosematerials anstelle des Komposits verringert ist. Die Behandlung des Cellulosematerials erfolgt erfindungsgemäß dahingehend, dass Partikel mit einem im Vergleich zum spezifischen Widerstand ρp des unbehandelten Cellulosematerials geringeren spezifischen Widerstand in einer Konzentration oberhalb der Perkulationsschwelle verteilt sind. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann auch vorgesehen werden, dass ein zusammenhängendes Netzwerk eines leitfähigen Polymers mit einem im Vergleich zum spezifischen Widerstand ρp des unbehandelten Cellulosematerials geringeren spezifischen Widerstand den Komposit durchzieht. Die Herstellung eines solchen behandelten Cellulosematerials ist eingangs bereits erläutert worden.This object is achieved with the above-mentioned insulation arrangement according to the invention that the solid barriers are designed as a composite, consisting of the treated cellulose material, and that the wall thickness of the solid particles is reduced compared to the required wall thickness when using the respective untreated cellulose material instead of the composite. The treatment of the cellulosic material is carried out in accordance with the invention in that particles having a lower specific resistance compared to the specific resistance ρ p of the untreated cellulose material are distributed in a concentration above the percolation threshold. Alternatively or additionally, it may also be envisaged that a coherent network of a conductive polymer with a lower resistivity compared to the specific resistance ρ p of the untreated cellulose material pervades the composite. The preparation of such a treated cellulosic material has already been explained above.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die Verwendung eines behandelten Cellulosematerials in der angegebenen Weise den spezifischen Widerstand ρcomp automatisch verringert. Diese Verringerung des spezifischen Widerstandes führt vorteilhaft zu einer Angleichung an den spezifischen Widerstand ρo von Transformatoröl, so dass bei Beanspruchung der Isolationsanordnung mit einem Gleichstrom die Spannung über die Isolationsstrecke vorteilhaft gleichmäßiger abfällt. Dies bedeutet, dass ein größerer Teil der Spannung über dem Transformatoröl abfällt und auf diese Weise die Belastung der Feststoffbarrieren verringert wird. Dieser an sich bekannte Effekt kann nun erfindungsgemäß auch für eine konstruktive Modifikation der Geometrie der Isolationsanordnung genutzt werden. Dies wird konkret dadurch erreicht, dass die Wandstärke der Feststoffbarrieren verringert wird. Die Wandstärke der Feststoffbarrieren ist derzeit nämlich nicht aufgrund einer bestimmten geforderten mechanischen Stabilität ausgelegt, sondern aufgrund der elektrischen Belastung derselben, die aufgrund der Unterschiede des spezifischen Widerstandes von Transformatoröl und Cellulosematerialien bei Verwendung von unbehandeltem Cellulosematerial zwei bis drei Größenordnungen beträgt. Gewöhnlich liegt die Wandstärke der verwendeten Feststoffbarrieren bei HGÜ-Komponenten derzeit daher bei 3 bis 6 mm.The basic idea of the invention is that the use of a treated cellulosic material in the manner indicated automatically reduces the specific resistance ρ comp . This reduction in resistivity advantageously leads to an alignment with the specific resistance ρ o of transformer oil, so that when the insulation arrangement is stressed with a direct current, the voltage across the insulation section advantageously decreases more uniformly. This means that a greater part of the voltage across the transformer oil drops, thus reducing the burden on the solids barriers. This per se known effect can now be used according to the invention for a constructive modification of the geometry of the insulation arrangement. This is specifically achieved by reducing the wall thickness of the solid barriers. Namely, the wall thickness of the solid barriers is currently not designed for a given required mechanical stability but because of the electrical load thereof, which is two to three orders of magnitude due to differences in the resistivity of transformer oil and cellulosic materials when using untreated cellulose material. Usually, the wall thickness of the solid barriers used in HVDC components is therefore currently 3 to 6 mm.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der Feststoffbarrieren mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Cellulosematerial können die Wandstärken verringert werden, vorteilhaft um mindestens 25 %. Hierbei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die zwischen den Feststoffbarrieren liegenden Spalte ihre berechnete Spaltweite unabhängig davon, ob ein behandeltes oder unbehandeltes Cellulosematerial für die Feststoffbarrieren verwendet wird, beibehalten. Hieraus kann vorteilhaft abgeleitet werden, dass bei Verwendung von Feststoffbarrieren mit verringerter Wandstärke der Platzbedarf der Isolationsanordnung insgesamt verringert wird. Besonders vorteilhaft können Feststoffbarrieren mit Wandstärken von mindestens 1 und höchstens 3 mm verwendet werden. Eine Wandstärke von 1 mm stellt hierbei eine mechanisehe Auslegungsgrenze für die Feststoffbarrieren dar, damit diese noch eine genügende Stabilität im späteren Einsatz in der HGÜ-Komponente aufweisen. Dies bedeutet, dass bei den bisher gebräuchlichen Wandstärken von 3 bis 6 mm vorteilhaft bis zu 5 mm pro Feststoffbarriere an Bauraum eingespart werden kann. Im günstigsten Falle entsteht also eine Wandstärkenverringerung von ca. 83 %. Da die Isolationsanordnung aus mehreren Schalen (beispielsweise 5 - 10 Schalen) besteht und diese Materialeinsparung an jeder Feststoffbarriere anfällt, lässt sich vorteilhaft mit der erfindungsgemäßen Isolationsanordnung eine spürbar platzsparendere Lösung anbieten. Dies ist bei HGÜ-Komponenten wie beispielsweise Transformatoren vorteilhaft, da die zur Verfügung stehenden Raumbedingungen aufgrund der konstruktiven Vorgaben sehr beengt sind. Beispielsweise kann der zur Verfügung stehende Bauraum zwischen den Transformatorspulen durch die erfindungsgemäße Isolationsanordnung besser ausgenutzt werden. Gleichzeitig entsteht für die Isolierung trotz verringerten Bauraums eine höhere Durchschlagfestigkeit, was vorteilhaft durch die Betriebssicherheit der betreffenden HGÜ-Komponente verbessert.The inventive design of the solid barriers with the cellulosic material according to the invention, the wall thicknesses can be reduced, advantageously by at least 25%. It should be noted that the gaps between the solid barriers retain their calculated gap width regardless of whether a treated or untreated cellulosic material is used for the solids barriers. From this it can advantageously be deduced that, when using solid barriers with reduced wall thickness, the overall space requirement of the insulation arrangement is reduced. Solid barriers with wall thicknesses of at least 1 and at most 3 mm can be used particularly advantageously. A wall thickness of 1 mm provides a mechanisehe Design limit for the solid barriers so that they still have sufficient stability in later use in the HVDC component. This means that it can be advantageously saved up to 5 mm per solid barrier in space with the previously used wall thicknesses of 3 to 6 mm. In the best case, therefore, a wall thickness reduction of about 83%. Since the insulation arrangement consists of several shells (for example 5 to 10 shells) and this material saving is obtained at each solids barrier, it is advantageously possible to offer a noticeably space-saving solution with the insulation arrangement according to the invention. This is advantageous for HVDC components such as transformers, since the available room conditions are very cramped due to the design specifications. For example, the available space between the transformer coils can be better utilized by the isolation arrangement according to the invention. At the same time results in a higher dielectric strength despite the reduced space, which advantageously improves by the reliability of the HVDC component concerned.

Unter HGÜ-Komponenten sind derartige Komponenten zu verstehen, die zur Übertragung von Hochspannungs-Gleichströmen zum Einsatz kommen und stromführende Elemente beinhalten (HGÜ steht für Hochspannungsgleichstromübertragung). Insbesondere werden hierbei Transformatoren oder Drosseln als HGÜ-Komponenten benötigt. Allerdings sind auch Leitungsführungen zur elektrischen Verbindung verschiedener HGÜ-Komponenten erforderlich. Weitere HGÜ-Komponenten sind Trennstellen in solchen Leitungsführungen bzw. Durchführungen durch Gehäusebauteile, in denen andere HGÜ-Komponenten untergebracht sind. Neben den zu führenden Hochspannungsgleichströmen treten beispielsweise in Transformator- und Drosselspulen auch Wechselströme auf. Die HGÜ-Komponenten im Sinne dieser Erfindung sollen zur Übertragung von Hochspannungsgleichströmen von mindestens 100 KV, bevorzugt zur Übertragung von Hochspannungsgleichströmen von mehr als 500 KV geeignet sein.HVDC components are understood to mean those components which are used to transmit high-voltage direct currents and contain current-carrying elements (HVDC means high-voltage DC transmission). In particular, transformers or chokes are required as HVDC components. However, cable routing for the electrical connection of various HVDC components are required. Further HVDC components are disconnection points in such cable guides or bushings through housing components in which other HVDC components are housed. In addition to leading to high-voltage direct currents occur, for example, in transformer and choke coils and alternating currents. The HVDC components in the sense of this invention should be suitable for transmitting high-voltage direct currents of at least 100 kV, preferably for the transmission of high-voltage direct currents of more than 500 kV.

Der beschriebene, für die Erfindung wesentliche Effekt einer Entlastung des Cellulosematerials, indem der Spannungsabfall in größerem Maße auch am Transformatoröl erfolgt, lässt sich vorteilhaft gut nutzen, wenn der spezifische Widerstand ρcomp des Komposits höchstens bei 5 mal 1013 Ωm liegt. Man kann zur Nutzung dieses Effekts vorteilhaft auch einen spezifischen Widerstand ρcomp des Komposits einstellen, der das 1- bis 20-fache des spezifischen Widerstandes ρo des Transformatoröls beträgt. Besonders vorteilhaft kann vorgesehen werden, dass der spezifische Widerstand ρcomp des Komposits größenordnungsmäßig dem spezifischen Widerstand von Transformatoröl entspricht. Mit größenordnungsmäßig ist gemeint, dass der spezifische Widerstand ρcomp des Komposits höchstens um eine Größenordnung von demjenigen des Transformatoröls abweicht (also höchstens um den Faktor 10).The described, for the invention essential effect of a relief of the cellulosic material by the voltage drop takes place to a greater extent on the transformer oil can be used advantageously good if the specific resistance ρ comp of the composite is not more than 5 times 10 13 Ωm. Advantageously, in order to utilize this effect, it is also possible to set a specific resistance ρ comp of the composite which is 1 to 20 times the specific resistance ρ o of the transformer oil. It can be provided particularly advantageously that the specific resistance ρ comp of the composite corresponds, on the order of magnitude, to the specific resistance of transformer oil. By order of magnitude, it is meant that the specific resistance ρ comp of the composite differs by at most an order of magnitude from that of the transformer oil (ie at most by a factor of 10).

Die spezifischen Widerstände ρo, ρp und ρcomp im Zusammenhang mit dieser Erfindung sollen jeweils bei Raumtemperaturen und einer herrschenden Bezugsfeldstärke von 1 kV/mm gemessen werden. Bei diesen Bedingungen liegt der spezifische Widerstand ρo zwischen 1012 und 1013 Ωm. Zu bemerken ist jedoch, dass sich der spezifische Widerstand ρo von Transformatorenöl bei einer erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen stärkeren Belastung durch die am Transformatoröl abfallende Spannung eher verringert. Bei den im Folgenden noch näher beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen wird daher von einem spezifischen Widerstand ρo im Transformatoröl von 1012 Ωm ausgegangen.The specific resistances ρ o , ρ p and ρ comp in the context of this invention should each be measured at room temperatures and a prevailing reference field strength of 1 kV / mm. Under these conditions, the resistivity ρ o is between 10 12 and 10 13 Ωm. It should be noted, however, that the specific resistance ρ o of transformer oil is rather reduced in the case of an inventive heavier load due to the voltage drop across the transformer oil. In the embodiments described in more detail below, it is therefore assumed that a specific resistance ρ o in the transformer oil of 10 12 Ωm.

Gemäß einer anderen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Wandstärke von benachbarten Feststoffbarrieren der Isolierstrecke abgestuft ist, wobei die Feststoffbarriere mit der größten Wandstärke in dem Bereich der Isolatierstrecke vorgesehen ist, wo die Äquipotentialflächen des elektrischen Feldes im Vergleich zu den anderen Bereichen der Isolierstrecke am dichtesten beieinander liegen. Genauso kann vorteilhaft alternativ oder zusätzlich vorgesehen werden, dass der spezifische Widerstand von benachbarten Feststoffbarrieren der Isolierstrecke abgestuft ist, wobei die Feststoffbarriere mit dem geringsten spezifischen Widerstand in dem Bereich der Isolierstrecke vorgesehen ist, wo die Äquipotentialflächen des elektrischen Feldes im Vergleich zu den anderen Bereichen der Isolierstrecke am dichtesten beieinander liegen. Der Bereich, in dem die Äquipotentialflächen am dichtesten beieinander liegen, liegt normalerweise an demjenigen Ende der Isolierstrecke vor, das näher an der zu isolierenden HGÜ-Komponente liegt. Handelt es sich beispielsweise um eine Transformatorspule, so beginnt die Isolierstrecke mit der innersten Feststoffbarriere, wo auch die Äquipotentialflächen des elektrischen Feldes am dichtesten beieinander liegen. Die Isolierstrecke ist weiterhin durch die Folge der im Falle einer Transformatorspule konzentrisch ineinander liegenden weiteren Feststoffbarrieren definiert. Diese liegen jedoch in Bereichen, wo der Abstand der Äquipotentialflächen vergleichsweise bereits größer ist.According to another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the wall thickness of adjacent solid particles barriers the insulating section is stepped, wherein the solid barrier is provided with the greatest wall thickness in the region of the Isolatierstrecke, where the equipotential surfaces of the electric field are compared to the other areas of the insulating section closest to each other. In the same way, it can advantageously be alternatively or additionally provided that the specific resistance is graduated from adjacent solid-state barriers of the insulating path, wherein the solids barrier with the lowest specific resistance is provided in the region of the insulating path where the equipotential surfaces of the electric field compared to the other regions of the insulating field Isolierstrecke are closest to each other. The area in which the equipotential surfaces are closest to one another is normally at that end of the insulating path which is closer to the HVDC component to be insulated. For example, if it is a transformer coil, the insulating section begins with the innermost solid barrier, where also the equipotential surfaces of the electric field are closest to each other. The insulating section is further defined by the sequence of concentric with each other in the case of a transformer coil further solid barriers. However, these are in areas where the distance between the equipotential surfaces is comparatively already larger.

Die Abstufung der Wandstärke der benachbarten Feststoffbarrieren bzw. des spezifischen Widerstandes der benachbarten Feststoffbarrieren berücksichtigt vorteilhaft die Verteilung der elektrischen Feldstärke, so dass der Materialeinsatz jeweils auf die lokal vorliegende Feldstärke optimiert werden kann. Auf diese Weise können vorteilhaft die Wandstärken der Feststoffbarrieren über die gesamte Isolierstrecke optimiert werden, was vorteilhaft zur größtmöglichen Einsparung von Bauraum führt. Werden zusätzlich die spezifischen Widerstände der Feststoffbarrieren unterschiedlich eingestellt, so kann beispielsweise Imprägnierungsmaterial für die Feststoffbarrieren eingespart werden, wodurch die Materialkosten verringert werden.The gradation of the wall thickness of the adjacent solid barriers or of the specific resistance of the adjacent solid barriers advantageously takes into account the distribution of the electric field strength, so that the use of material can be optimized in each case to the locally present field strength. In this way, advantageously, the wall thicknesses of the solids barriers can be optimized over the entire insulating distance, which advantageously leads to the greatest possible saving of installation space. In addition, the specific resistances set the solids barriers differently, so for example, impregnation material for the solid barriers can be saved, whereby the material costs are reduced.

Vorteilhafte Verwendungsmöglichkeiten für die Isolationsanordnung liegen beispielsweise in der Ausführung als Wicklungsisolierung für Transformatorspulen oder Drosselspulen. Diese Spulen werden an ihren Mantelflächen durch Feststoffbarrieren in Form von Zylindern beispielsweise aus Pressspan isoliert. Im Bereich der Stirnflächen der Spulen werden Winkelringe und Kappen angeordnet, welche ebenfalls als wandartige Feststoffbarrieren ausgeführt sind. All diese Bauteile profitieren von der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung mit im Vergleich zu unbehandeltem Cellulosematerial verringertem spezifischem Widerstand, so dass vorteilhaft die Wandstärke all dieser einzelnen Feststoffbarrieren verringert werden kann.Advantageous uses for the insulation arrangement are, for example, in the embodiment as winding insulation for transformer coils or inductors. These coils are isolated on their lateral surfaces by solid barriers in the form of cylinders, for example from pressboard. In the region of the end faces of the coils angle rings and caps are arranged, which are also designed as a wall-like solids barriers. All of these components benefit from the design according to the invention with reduced in comparison to untreated cellulose material specific resistivity, so that advantageously the wall thickness of all these individual solid barriers can be reduced.

Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Isolationsanordnung einer Trennstelle für eine Leitungsführung für eine HGÜ-Komponente, die Leitungsführung selbst, oder eine Durchführung mit einer Elektrode zum Anschluss an eine Leitung im Gehäuse der HGÜ-Komponente umgibt. Auch hier kommen wandartige Feststoffbarrieren zum Einsatz, welche vorteilhaft mit dünneren Wandstärken aufgebaut sein können. Dies vereinfacht die Anordnung von Leitungsführungen und mit diesen verbundenen Trennstellen sowie Durchführungen, da die Platzverhältnisse in den Gehäusebauteilen von HGÜ-Komponenten häufig beengt sind.Furthermore, it is advantageous if the insulation arrangement of a separation point for a routing for a HVDC component, the wiring itself, or a passage with an electrode for connection to a line in the housing of the HVDC component surrounds. Again, wall-like solids barriers are used, which can be advantageously constructed with thinner wall thicknesses. This simplifies the arrangement of cable guides and associated with these separation points and feedthroughs, since the space in the housing components of HVDC components are often cramped.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Gleiche oder sich entsprechende Zeichnungselemente sind dabei mit jeweils den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und werden nur insoweit mehrfach erläutert, wie sich Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Figuren ergeben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
den schematischen Querschnitt durch eine Isolierstrecke, gebildet durch eine abwechselnde Folge von Transformatoröl und Feststoffbarrieren als Ausführungsbeispiel für die erfindungsgemäße Isolationsanordnung und
Figur 2
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für eine erfindungsgemäße Isolationsanordnung, eingebaut in einen HGÜ-Transformator, der im Schnitt dargestellt ist.
Further details of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. The same or corresponding drawing elements are each denoted by the same reference numerals provided and will be explained several times only as far as differences arise between the individual figures. Show it:
FIG. 1
the schematic cross section through an insulating section, formed by an alternating sequence of transformer oil and solid particles as an embodiment of the insulation arrangement according to the invention and
FIG. 2
a further embodiment of an insulation assembly according to the invention, installed in an HVDC transformer, which is shown in section.

Eine elektrische Isolierstrecke 18 gemäß Figur 1 besteht allgemein aus mehreren Lagen aus Cellulosematerial 19, zwischen denen Ölschichten 20 liegen. Auch das Cellulosematerial 19 ist mit Öl getränkt, was in Figur 1 nicht näher dargestellt ist. Dafür ist in Figur 1 innerhalb des Cellulosematerials eine Imprägnierung 11 zu erkennen. Die gemäß Figur 1 dargestellte Isolierung umgibt beispielsweise in einem Transformator die dort zum Einsatz kommenden Wicklungen, die nach außen und zueinander elektrisch isoliert werden müssen.An electrical insulating section 18 according to FIG. 1 generally consists of several layers of cellulosic material 19, between which oil layers 20 are located. Also, the cellulosic material 19 is impregnated with oil, which in FIG. 1 not shown in detail. This is in FIG. 1 to recognize an impregnation 11 within the cellulosic material. The according to FIG. 1 insulation shown surrounds, for example, in a transformer there coming to use windings, which must be electrically insulated to the outside and each other.

Die elektrische Isolation eines Transformators muss im Betriebsfall bei Anliegen einer Wechselspannung elektrische Durchbrüche verhindern. In diesem Fall ist das Isolationsverhalten der Isolierung von der Permittivität der Komponenten der Isolierung abhängig. Für Öl liegt die Permittivitätszahl εo ungefähr bei 2, für das Cellulosematerial εp bei 4. Bei einer Beanspruchung der Isolation mit einer Wechselspannung ergibt sich daher für die Belastung der einzelnen Isolationskomponenten, dass die am Öl anliegende Spannung Uo ungefähr doppelt so hoch ist, wie die am Cellulosematerial anliegende Spannung Up. Wird ein Nanokomposit verwendet, bei dem das Cellulosematerial 19 erfindungsgemäß imprägniert ist, so beeinflusst die Imprägnierung 11 die Spannungsverteilung in der erfindungsgemäßen Isolation nicht, da die Permittivitätszahl εBNNT ebenfalls ungefähr bei 4 liegt und daher die Permittivität εcomp des imprägnierten Cellulosematerials auch bei ungefähr 4 liegt. Damit ist auch bei der erfindungsgemäßen Isolation die am Öl angreifende Spannung Uo ungefähr doppelt so groß wie die am Nanokomposit (Cellulosematerial) anliegende Spannung Ucomp.The electrical insulation of a transformer must prevent electrical breakdowns in the event of an AC voltage being applied. In this case, the isolation behavior of the insulation depends on the permittivity of the components of the insulation. For oil, the permittivity ε o is approximately 2, for the cellulosic material ε p at 4. When the insulation is subjected to an alternating voltage, the load on the individual insulation components results in the voltage U o applied to the oil being approximately twice as high like those on the cellulosic material Voltage U p . If a nanocomposite is used in which the cellulosic material 19 is impregnated according to the invention, the impregnation 11 does not influence the stress distribution in the insulation according to the invention since the permittivity ε BNNT is also approximately 4, and therefore the permittivity ε comp of the impregnated cellulosic material is also approximately 4 lies. Thus, even with the insulation according to the invention, the voltage U o applied to the oil is approximately twice as great as the voltage U comp applied to the nanocomposite (cellulosic material).

Gleichzeitig ist bei HGÜ-Komponenten auch die Durchschlagfestigkeit der Isolation bei Anliegen von Gleichspannungen von Bedeutung. Die Verteilung der anliegenden Spannung auf die einzelnen Isolationsbestandteile ist dann allerdings nicht mehr von der Permittivität abhängig, sondern vom spezifischen Widerstand der einzelnen Komponenten. Der spezifische Widerstand ρo von Öl liegt zwischen 1013 und 1012 Ωm. Berücksichtigt man, dass erfindungsgemäß ein größerer Teil des Spannungsabfalls zur Entlastung des Cellulosematerials im Öl erfolgen soll und dass der spezifische Widerstand des Öl sich bei Anliegen einer Spannung verringert, ist eher, wie in Fig 1 dargestellt, von einem spezifischen Widerstand ρo von 1012 Ωm auszugehen. Demgegenüber ist ρp vom Cellulosematerial um drei Größenordnungen höher und liegt bei 1015 Ωm. Dies bewirkt, dass bei Anliegen einer Gleichspannung die Spannung am Öl Uo ein Tausendstel (bei Annahme von ρo = 1013 Ωm zumindest ein Hundertstel bis ein Funfhundertsel) der Spannung am Cellulosematerial Up beträgt. Dieses Ungleichgewicht birgt die Gefahr, dass es bei einer Beaufschlagung der Isolation mit einer Gleichspannung zu Durchschlägen im Cellulosematerial kommt und die elektrische Isolation versagt.At the same time, the breakdown strength of the insulation in the case of HVDC components when DC voltages are present is also important. The distribution of the applied voltage to the individual insulation components is then no longer dependent on the permittivity, but on the resistivity of the individual components. The specific resistance ρ o of oil is between 10 13 and 10 12 Ωm. Considering that according to the invention, a greater part of the voltage drop to relieve the cellulosic material in the oil is to take place and that the specific resistance of the oil decreases when a voltage is applied, it is rather, as in Fig. 1 shown to start from a resistivity ρ o of 10 12 Ωm. In contrast, ρ p of cellulose material is three orders of magnitude higher and is 10 15 Ωm. This has the effect that, when DC voltage is present, the voltage across the oil U o is one-thousandth (assuming ρ o = 10 13 Ωm at least one hundredth to one hundredfold) of the stress on the cellulosic material U p . This imbalance involves the risk that breakdown of the insulation material with a DC voltage leads to breakdowns in the cellulosic material and the electrical insulation fails.

Die erfindungsgemäß in das Cellulosematerial 19 eingebrachte Imprägnierung 11 kann z. B. aus BNNT bestehen und wird durch eine geeignete Beschichtung der BNNT aus PEDOT:PSS und evtl. durch eine zusätzliche Dotierung der BNNT mit Dotierstoffen mit ihrem spezifischen Widerstand (zwischen 0,1 und 1000 Ωcm) so eingestellt, dass der spezifische Widerstand des Cellulosematerials ρp herabgesetzt wird. Dies ist auch durch alleinige Verwendung von PEDOT:PSS oder alleinige Verwendung von BNNT möglich. Damit lässt sich für den erfindungsgemäßen Komposit eine spezifische Leitfähigkeit ρcomp einstellen, der an den spezifischen Widerstand ρo angenähert ist und im Idealfall diesem ungefähr entspricht. Bei einem spezifischen Widerstand ρcomp von höchstens 5 mal 1013 Ωm liegt die am Öl anliegende Spannung Uo größenordnungsmäßig im Bereich der am Komposit anliegenden Spannung Ucomp, so dass sich ein ausgeglichenes Spannungsprofil in der Isolation einstellt. Hierdurch wird vorteilhaft die Durchschlagfestigkeit der Isolation verbessert, da sich die Belastung des Cellulosematerials spürbar verringert.The inventively introduced into the cellulosic material 19 impregnation 11 may, for. B. from BNNT and is adjusted by a suitable coating of BNNT from PEDOT: PSS and possibly by an additional doping of the BNNT with dopants with their resistivity (between 0.1 and 1000 Ωcm) that the specific resistance of the cellulose material ρ p is lowered. This is also possible by the sole use of PEDOT: PSS or the sole use of BNNT. This makes it possible to set a specific conductivity ρ comp for the composite according to the invention, which is approximated to the specific resistance ρ o and ideally corresponds approximately to this. With a specific resistance ρ comp of at most 5 times 10 13 Ωm, the voltage U o applied to the oil is of the order of magnitude in the region of the voltage U comp applied to the composite, so that a balanced voltage profile is established in the insulation. As a result, the dielectric strength of the insulation is advantageously improved, since the load on the cellulosic material is noticeably reduced.

In Figur 2 ist der Ausschnitt eines HGÜ-Trafos zu sehen. Dieser ist in einem auch als Kessel 21 bezeichneten Gehäuse untergebracht. Angedeutet sind außerdem eine Oberspannungsspule und eine Unterspannungsspule deren Wicklungen 22,23 in Figur 2 zu erkennen sind. Ein Transformatorkern 14 ist der Übersichtlichkeit halber nur schematisch dargestellt.In FIG. 2 is the section of a HVDC transformer to see. This is housed in a designated as boiler 21 housing. Also indicated are a high voltage coil and a low voltage coil whose windings 22,23 in FIG. 2 can be seen. A transformer core 14 is shown only schematically for the sake of clarity.

Für die Wicklung 22 ist ein elektrisches Feld durch Feldinien 33 dargestellt, die auf Äquipotentialflächen des elektrischen Feldes verlaufen. Dieses elektrische Feld wird durch verschiedene Elemente einer Isolationsanordnung beeinflusst, welche als Elemente unter anderem segmentierte Schirmringe 24, 25 zylindrische Feststoffbarrieren 26 aus Pressspan und Winkelringe 27 ebenfalls aus Pressspan aufweisen. Die Schirmringe 24, 25 weisen einen Kern 28 mit einer metallischen Oberfläche 29 und eine Papierwicklung 30 auf. Außerdem ist der Innenraum 31 mit einer Füllung von Transformatoröl ausgefüllt, welches daher auch in die Spalte 32 zwischen den einzelnen Elementen der Isolationsanordnung fließt und diese ausfüllt. Die Feldlinien 33 durchdringen außerdem auch einen Druckring 34 aus Blockspan. Daher kann mit der erfindungsgemäßen Herabsetzung des spezifischen Widerstandes des Cellulosematerials auch der Druckring 34 modifiziert werden, um in diesem Bereich das sich ausbildende elektrische Feld zu beeinflussen. Der Druckring 34 sorgt zusammen mit einem nicht dargestellten Wicklungstisch, der ebenfalls aus Blockspan hergestellt werden kann und die Wicklungen 22, 23 trägt, für einen mechanischen Zusammenhalt aller Baugruppen (inklusive der Feststoffbarrieren). Im Sinne der Erfindung sind auch der Druckring 34 und der nicht dargestellte Wicklungstisch als Elemente der Isolationsstrecke zu verstehen.For the winding 22, an electric field is represented by field lines 33 extending on equipotential surfaces of the electric field. This electric field is influenced by various elements of an insulation arrangement which, as elements, include segmented shielding rings 24, 25, cylindrical solid material barriers 26 made of pressboard, and angle rings 27 also made of pressboard. The shield rings 24, 25 have a core 28 with a metallic surface 29 and a paper winding 30. In addition, the interior space 31 is filled with a filling of transformer oil, which therefore also flows into the gaps 32 between the individual elements of the insulation arrangement and fills them. The field lines 33 also penetrate a pressure ring 34 of block chip. Therefore, with the reduction of the resistivity of the cellulosic material according to the invention, the pressure ring 34 can also be modified to influence the electric field which is being formed in this area. The pressure ring 34, together with a not shown winding table, which can also be made of block chip and the windings 22, 23 carries, for a mechanical cohesion of all modules (including the solid barriers). For the purposes of the invention, the pressure ring 34 and the winding table, not shown, are to be understood as elements of the isolation route.

Das mechanische Zusammenwirken der einzelnen Bauelemente ist in Figur 2 nicht näher dargestellt. Statt der verwendeten Winkelringe 27 können außerdem in nicht näher dargestellter Weise auch ringförmige Kappen verwendet werden, die die Schirmringe 24, 25 auf der den Wicklungen 22, 23 abgewandten Seite umschließen.The mechanical interaction of the individual components is in FIG. 2 not shown in detail. Instead of the angular rings 27 used annular caps can also be used in a manner not shown, which enclose the shield rings 24, 25 on the windings 22, 23 opposite side.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Dicke der zylindrischen Feststoffbarrieren 26 sowie der Winkelringe 27 verringert. Hierdurch kann Bauraum eingespart werden, da die Breite der Spalte 32 konstant bleibt und so die Breite von Streukanälen 35 verringert werden kann. Hierdurch steigt für eine konstruktive Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Transformators der Spielraum. Insbesondere kann der Transformator platzsparender ausgeführt werden. Dies ist von besonderer Bedeutung für eine derzeit sich abzeichnenden Tendenz HGÜ-Komponenten für immer höhere Spannungsbereiche insbesondere von über 1000 kV vorzusehen, bei denen die Isolationsanordnungen immer raumgreifender werden. Andererseits bestehen Vorgaben für die maximale Größe der HGÜ-Komponenten, die vorzugsweise noch mit der Bahn transportiert werden sollen.According to the invention, the thickness of the cylindrical solids barriers 26 and the angle rings 27 is reduced. As a result, space can be saved, since the width of the column 32 remains constant and thus the width of scatter channels 35 can be reduced. This increases the scope for a structural design of the transformer according to the invention. In particular, the transformer can be designed to save space. This is of particular importance for a currently emerging trend of HVDC components for ever higher Provide voltage ranges in particular of more than 1000 kV, in which the insulation arrangements are becoming more space consuming. On the other hand, there are specifications for the maximum size of the HVDC components, which are preferably still to be transported by rail.

Claims (9)

  1. Insulation assembly for an HVDC component, especially a transformer or an inductor, consisting of a sequence of wall-like solid barriers (26, 27) made of a cellulose material, between which are provided intermediate spaces (32) for a transformer oil and which form an insulation gap together with the transformer oil,
    characterized in that
    the solid barriers (26, 27) take the form of a composite consisting of the treated cellulose material (19),
    • in which particles (11) having a lower specific resistivity compared to the specific resistivity ρp of the untreated cellulose material (19) are distributed in a concentration above the percolation threshold and/or
    • in which a coherent network of a conductive polymer having a lower specific resistivity compared to the specific resistivity ρp of the untreated cellulose material (19) permeates the composite,
    and in that the wall thickness of the solid barriers (26, 27) is reduced by at least 25% compared to the wall thickness required in the case of use of the untreated cellulose material in question in place of the composite.
  2. Insulation assembly according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the specific resistivity ρcomp of the composite is at most 5 × 1013 Ωm.
  3. Insulation assembly according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the specific resistivity ρcomp of the composite is one to twenty times the specific resistivity ρo of the transformer oil.
  4. Insulation assembly according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the order of magnitude of the specific resistivity ρcomp of the composite corresponds to that of the specific resistivity ρo of transformer oil.
  5. Insulation assembly according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the wall thickness of adjacent solid barriers (26, 27) in insulation gap is graduated, the solid barrier having the greatest wall thickness being provided in the region of insulation gap where the equipotential surfaces of the electrical field are closest to one another compared to the other regions of insulation gap.
  6. Insulation assembly according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the specific resistivity of adjacent solid barriers (26, 27) in insulation gap is graduated, the solid barrier having the lowest specific resistivity being provided in the region of insulation gap where the equipotential surfaces of the electrical field are closest to one another compared to the other regions of insulation gap.
  7. Insulation assembly according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    it takes the form of a winding insulation for a transformer coil (22, 23) or inductor coil.
  8. Insulation assembly according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    it surrounds a disconnection point for a wiring arrangement in the HVDC component.
  9. Insulation assembly according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    it surrounds a bushing with an electrode for connection to a wire in the housing of the HVDC component.
EP11810606.1A 2011-01-07 2011-12-27 Insulating assembly for an hvdc component having wall-like solid barriers Not-in-force EP2661755B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011008454A DE102011008454A1 (en) 2011-01-07 2011-01-07 Isolation arrangement for a HVDC component with wall-like solid barriers
PCT/EP2011/074085 WO2012093053A1 (en) 2011-01-07 2011-12-27 Insulating assembly for an hvdc component having wall-like solid barriers

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EP2661755A1 EP2661755A1 (en) 2013-11-13
EP2661755B1 true EP2661755B1 (en) 2018-01-31

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BR112013017448B1 (en) 2020-06-02
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