EP2257788A2 - Dispositif pour la mesure de systèmes de transport - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la mesure de systèmes de transport

Info

Publication number
EP2257788A2
EP2257788A2 EP08856201A EP08856201A EP2257788A2 EP 2257788 A2 EP2257788 A2 EP 2257788A2 EP 08856201 A EP08856201 A EP 08856201A EP 08856201 A EP08856201 A EP 08856201A EP 2257788 A2 EP2257788 A2 EP 2257788A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring
transport
measurement
chambers
biochip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08856201A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Hummel
Matthias Pirsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Synentec GmbH
Original Assignee
Synentec GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Synentec GmbH filed Critical Synentec GmbH
Publication of EP2257788A2 publication Critical patent/EP2257788A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6872—Intracellular protein regulatory factors and their receptors, e.g. including ion channels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6408—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence with measurement of decay time, time resolved fluorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
    • G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • G01N21/648—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters using evanescent coupling or surface plasmon coupling for the excitation of fluorescence

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the optical measurement of properties of individual transport systems in membranes, in particular of carrier,
  • Biological membranes separate cells from the outer medium and the individual cell compartments of the cells.
  • Transport systems such as transport proteins and channels selectively control the mass transfer through these membranes. Dysfunctions of these transporters and channels are responsible for many common diseases.
  • membrane transporters were the most abundant group.
  • more than 100 transporter targets are currently being researched by the pharmaceutical companies, which shows what immense economic importance they have.
  • Target molecules can even be automated in high-throughput characterization.
  • a fluorescence analysis method is suitable, which is referred to as fluorescence analysis of individual transporters (nanoFAST).
  • fluorescence analysis of individual transporters e.g., a lipid membrane or biological membrane or cells containing the transport systems is applied to a sample chamber structured surface of a support.
  • Suitable transport systems are, for example, membrane proteins, which may be channels or carriers.
  • a substrate is then added to the transport system or produced by the cells, which is labeled with a fluorescent dye or provides intrinsic fluorescence. The transport across the membrane can then be optically measured by fluorescence.
  • the optical measurement can be carried out, for example, by confocal laser scanning microscopy, wide-field fluorescence microscopy or by TIRF microscopy (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence).
  • TIRF microscopy Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence
  • excitation light is irradiated at a total reflecting angle so that fluorescent dyes are selectively excited within the spatial extent of an evanescent field.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a device by which the properties of biological transporter molecules can be measured with high throughput.
  • a device for optically measuring properties of individual transport systems in membranes, in particular of carrier or channel proteins which has an optical measuring device and a data processing electronics with a process control and a data acquisition and evaluation.
  • process control the functions of the microscope are controlled and the measurement is carried out automatically.
  • process-controlled acquisition of the measured data their automatic evaluation takes place.
  • This automation advantageously allows a high sample throughput.
  • a TIRF microscope is provided as an optical measuring device.
  • those are preferred Fluorescent dyes excited, which were transported by the respective transport system via the membrane in a measuring chamber.
  • fluorescent dyes outside the measuring chamber are not excited. This allows a more accurate measurement possible.
  • a further increase of the sample throughput is possible by providing a sample manipulator which can be controlled by the process control. This can take over several tasks, u. a. the preparation of the biochip for the measurement, the loading of the biochip with samples and substrates and the feeding into the measuring apparatus.
  • the German patent application DE 10 2007 016 699.2 has already been filed by the applicant, who proposes as a sample carrier a biochip, which is designed essentially as a transparent layer with a plurality of measuring chambers.
  • the biochip allows more accurate and reproducible measurements.
  • the device according to the invention is designed to measure such or similar biochips.
  • a gold layer with smaller openings than the measuring chambers below is provided on its upper side, so that the measuring chambers are partially covered by the gold layer.
  • the TIRF angle is defined here as the limiting angle of the total reflection, which can be calculated from the arc sinus of the ratio of the refractive indices of two optical media by means of Snell's law of refraction. For water / glass, water / quartz or water / polycarbonate TIRF angles of 61, 7 °, 64.7 ° or 56.2 ° are obtained.
  • the angle of the beam guide is smaller than the TIRF angle, so for example 55 ° instead of 61.7 ° for water / glass.
  • the angle of the beam guide is at most less than 20% of the TIRF angle.
  • the device has an incubation station for the biochips to be measured.
  • biochips and proteo-liposomes are stored at a specific temperature for an adjustable period of time so that a membrane containing the transport system can form above the measuring chambers.
  • the described features of the device enable measurement cycles to be carried out in a process-controlled and automated manner, with one measurement cycle essentially comprising the preparation of the biochip for the measurement, a subsequent optical measurement and an evaluation of the measurement data following thereon.
  • the sample manipulator In order to prepare the measurement on the biochip, the sample manipulator successively performs the following steps: First, the biochip is equilibrated with a buffer solution. Equilibration heats the biochip to a desired temperature that ensures the fluidity of the lipid membrane. Only with sufficient membrane fluidity are the lipids homogeneously distributed in the membrane. This is followed by addition of proteo-liposomes.
  • An active substance candidate is a substance, for example an organic molecule, which is suspected to have certain effects on transport, for example to inhibit transport.
  • the labeled with a fluorescent dye or intrinsically fluorescent transport substrate is added, which passes specifically by means of the transport system through the membrane.
  • a spectrally separable, fluorescently labeled control substrate is added, which can not get through the membrane or the transport system.
  • the biochip is fed into the measuring range of the microscope.
  • a time-resolved fluorescence measurement of the substrate in the measuring chambers of the biochip is carried out in a process-controlled manner and the measured data acquired thereby are processed.
  • the measurement can also be multispectral at different wavelengths.
  • the time-resolved fluorescence intensity for the individual measuring chambers is determined by the data processing unit by means of pattern recognition.
  • the measured data determined in this way is adjusted by means of a subroutine a mathematical curve.
  • the mathematical curve allows a classification of the measuring chambers into three categories, in dense measuring chambers with fluorescence signal, dense measuring chambers without fluorescence signal and open measuring chambers. The automatic distinction is made on the basis of the parameters of the mathematical curve. Measurement data from dense measuring chambers without fluorescence signal and from open measuring chambers are discarded. For the non-discarded measurement data, ie for dense measurement chambers with a fluorescence signal, the rate constant for the transport is calculated.
  • the data processing unit then preferably creates a histogram in which all calculated speed constants for the transport are plotted against their frequency. From the histogram, the respective speed constants for the transport are assigned a corresponding number of transport systems per measuring chamber. The assignment makes it possible to normalize all rate constants for transport to a transport system per measuring chamber.
  • the maximum of the histogram for a transporter is determined by a mathematical function and reproduces with high accuracy the speed specific to the transport system with which it transports the measured transport substrate across the membrane. If the rate constant for transport in the presence of a drug candidate has been lowered or increased, then the drug candidate has inhibited or accelerated the transport system, for example, as a potential drug in question.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the measuring device 1
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of the most important steps of a measurement
  • FIG. 3 shows measuring curves of the time-dependent fluorescence
  • Figure 4 is a histogram with different rate constants for transport.
  • FIG. 5 Detailed view of a biochip 9 in vertical section.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the measuring device 1.
  • optical measuring device is a TIRF microscope 2 (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence), also referred to in the figure as FM.
  • TIRF microscope 2 Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence
  • FM Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence
  • a conventional fluorescence microscope can also be used.
  • the functions of the TIRF microscope 2 are automatically controlled by a process controller 7 (PS).
  • PS process controller 7
  • the microscope 2 is set up for multispectral measurements. This makes it possible to simultaneously measure a transport substrate 60 (see FIG. 5) and a control substrate (not shown) in parallel.
  • the measurement of the control substrate determines whether the measuring chambers 30 (see FIG. 5) are tight with the membrane 40 stretched over them (see FIG. 5).
  • the preparation, preparation and feeding of a sample 40, 50, 60 (see Figure 5) and a biochip 9 (see Figure 5) also takes place automatically.
  • a mechanical sample manipulator 4 (PM) is provided, which is likewise controlled by the process controller 7.
  • the sample manipulator 4 has a receiving device 5 for the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5).
  • the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5) is incubated in an incubation station 8, which is also supplied by the process controller 7 is controlled.
  • the sample manipulator 4 moves the receiving device 5 with the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5) into the measuring beam path of the TIRF microscope 2 and the measurement is started.
  • the fluorescence images are recorded by a CCD camera 3, stored in the data processing unit 6 (DV) and automatically evaluated.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of the most important steps of a measurement.
  • the entire measuring process runs automatically and is controlled by a process controller 7 (see FIG. 1).
  • the process controller 7 first queries a variable as to whether a new measurement cycle should be started. If this is the case, a biochip 9 (see FIG. 5) is prepared for the measurement. First of all, the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5) is guided by the sample manipulator 4 from a storage container (not shown) into the receiving device provided for this purpose and then brought into a preparation region of the device 1.
  • a suitable biochip (see FIG. 5) consists of at least one layer 20 (see FIG. 5) which is transparent to the excitation light or the fluorescent light. It has upwardly open measuring chambers 30 (see FIG. 5).
  • the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5) is then equilibrated by the sample manipulator 4 with a buffer solution having a fixed pH.
  • the sample manipulator 4 pipettes previously prepared proteo-liposomes onto the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5).
  • the artificial proteo-liposomes contain carrier proteins or pore-forming channel proteins as a transport system.
  • the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5) is stored in the incubation station 8 for an adjustable period of time. By incubation at a certain temperature, the lipids in the proteo-liposomes become fluid and form membrane layers 40 (see FIG. 5), which tightly close the individual measuring chambers 30 (see FIG. 5) of the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5). Subsequent washing with buffer solution removes excess lipid vesicles and transport systems.
  • the sample manipulator 4 pipettes the transport substrate 60 marked with a fluorescent dye (see FIG. 5) and the control substrate onto the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5). So that both substrates can be measured in different wavelength ranges in parallel, they are labeled with different, spectrally separable fluorescent dyes.
  • a drug candidate is also added. This may, for example, be an inhibitor which binds to the transport system 50 (see FIG. 5).
  • the sample manipulator 4 introduces the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5) into the measuring range of the fluorescence microscope 2.
  • the substrate dyes are excited with a laser in one point of the biochip 9 (see FIG. 5) and the fluorescence emission is measured with a CCD camera 3.
  • the recorded fluorescence images are provided with a time stamp and stored in the data processing unit 6. In this way, an image stack is generated which contains information about the change in fluorescence in time.
  • the images are evaluated by means of a pattern recognition routine and the fluorescence signals are assigned to individual measuring chambers 30 (see FIG. 5). From the time stamp and the time-dependent fluorescence intensity of each measuring chamber 30 (see FIG. 5), which is stored in the image stack, the data processing unit 6 then calculates measurement data points which reproduce the fluorescence course in the measurement period.
  • the data processing unit 6 adjusts a mathematical curve to the measurement data points for each measurement chamber (see FIG. 3).
  • a single measuring chamber 30 (see FIG. 5) is tightly closed by a membrane 40 (see FIG. 5) in which a transport system 50 (see FIG. 5) is currently located.
  • a measuring chamber (see FIG. 5) is not tight but open and therefore both the Substrate 60 (see Figure 5) and control substrate in the measuring chamber 30 (see Figure 5) can penetrate.
  • a measuring chamber 30 (see FIG. 5), although dense, does not contain a transport system 50 (see FIG. 5) and thus neither substrate 60 nor control substrate penetrates into the measuring chamber 30.
  • a classification of the measuring chambers 30 in the three categories mentioned is then based on the curve through a subroutine. The measurement data of open measurement chambers or of measurement chambers without fluorescence signal are rejected (the course of typical measurement curves is shown in FIG. 3).
  • a histogram is preferably created by a subroutine in which all calculated rate constants for the transport are plotted against their frequency (see FIG. 4). From the histogram, each speed constant for transportation is given a certain number of
  • the maximum of the histogram for a transport system results in the speed constant specific to this transport system for transporting the specified substrate (see FIG. 4).
  • the measured biochip is moved out of the measuring range of the fluorescence microscope 2 by the sample manipulator 4 and, if appropriate, another biochip is prepared for the measurement.
  • the described device can typically be used for the screening of potential drugs in drug development. If the rate constant for transport in the presence of a drug candidate is lower (higher) than without drug, then this indicates that the drug candidate has inhibited (accelerated) the transport system and may be considered, for example, as a potential drug. In such cases, the device 1 may automatically measure the drug in several cycles at various concentrations to automatically determine the binding constant and other properties.
  • Figure 3 shows typical but exemplary time-dependent fluorescence traces measured with the device. There are five types of different fluorescence curves A, B 1 C, D, E that typically occur when measuring a biochip. Each measuring curve is assigned to a specific measuring chamber on the carrier of the biochip.
  • Curve A shows the time course of the fluorescence in a measuring chamber 30 (see FIG. 5) which is not or not completely covered by a membrane 40 (see FIG. 5).
  • the measuring chamber 30 is therefore not dense and both the substrate 60 (see Figure 5) and the control substrate with the spectrally separable fluorescent dyes can diffuse unhindered in a very short time in the measuring chamber.
  • the fluorescence in the wavelength range of the control substrate has therefore already reached its maximum intensity after a very short time.
  • Curve B shows an exemplary time course of the fluorescence in a measuring chamber 30, which contains no transport system or no active transport system.
  • the measured fluorescence intensity of the labeled substrate is very low and shows only a small change during the measurement time.
  • the curves A and B contain no usable measurement data and are therefore discarded automatically by the data processing unit 6.
  • the curve C is similar to the curve B, but is measured in the spectrally separated wavelength range of the labeled control substrate.
  • the fluorescence intensity of the labeled control substrate is very low and shows only a small change during the entire measurement time.
  • the control substrate is thus excluded from the measuring chambers, so they are tight.
  • Curve D shows the time course of the fluorescence of the substrate in one
  • Measuring chamber 30 which is dense and also contains an active transport system.
  • Curve E shows the time course of the fluorescence of the substrate in a dense measuring chamber 30 as in curve D.
  • the time-dependent intensity of the fluorescence increases faster than in curve D. This is due to the fact that in the membrane section above this measuring chamber 30th two or more transport systems 50 are present. To calculate the specific Speed constant for the transport 70, therefore, the number of transport systems 60 must be considered. How this happens is shown in FIG. 4.
  • Figure 4 shows a histogram with different rate constants for transport.
  • all measured values of the rate constant for the transport k are plotted on the abscissa.
  • the relative number of all measured rate constants for the transport k, ie their frequency is plotted.
  • the first peak I represents all the rate constants measured in measuring chambers with a transport system.
  • the second peak II then represents all the rate constants measured in measuring chambers with two transport systems and the third peak III accordingly reproduces all the rate constants measured in measuring chambers 30 (see FIG. 5) with three transport systems 50 (see FIG. 5). From the histogram, therefore, the number of transport systems 50 per measuring chamber 30 can be assigned to each speed constant for the transport.
  • the histogram makes it possible for the data processing unit 6 to use a mathematical function to determine the velocity constants associated with the peaks of the peaks and to normalize these and thus all measured rate constants to a transport system per measuring chamber.
  • This speed constant for transport for a transport system 50 thus corresponds with high accuracy to the specific rate constant of this transport system 50 for the transport substrate 60 under the selected experimental conditions.
  • FIG. 5 shows in vertical section a detailed view of a biochip 9, as it can be used for the measuring device 1.
  • the biochip 9 has a carrier 10 which consists of a layer of glass transparent to exciting fluorescent light.
  • a further layer 20 is disposed of silicon dioxide. This has recesses which are formed as upwardly open measuring chambers 30.
  • the measuring chambers 30 have an inner diameter of about 200 nm, the depth is about 500 nm.
  • a lipid membrane 40 is applied to the surface of the biochip 9, so that the measurement spaces 30 are closed.
  • the lipid membrane 40 is a lipid layer containing transport proteins 50.
  • One or more fluorescence-detectable substrate molecules 60 labeled with a fluorescent dye are added to the lipid membrane 40.
  • the substrate molecules 60 are then transported by the transport proteins 50 via the membrane 40 into the measuring chambers 30.
  • excitation light (not shown) is radiated obliquely from below at a TIRF angle.
  • an evanescent field is generated in total reflection of the light, which excites the substrate molecules 80 in the measuring chamber 30, but not the substrate molecules 60 above the lipid membrane 40.
  • the angle of the beam guide of the measuring device 1 is smaller than the TIRF angle.
  • the time-dependent transport 70 of the substrate molecules 80 by means of the transport proteins 50 contained in the membrane 40 into the measuring chambers 30 is specific to the transport system 50 contained and can be determined by time-resolved fluorescence measurements, as described above.
  • the specific speed constant of a transport system 50 for the transport substrate 80 is measured.
  • drug candidates (not shown) are added. For example, they bind to the transport protein 50, thereby changing the rate constant of the transport 70 across the membrane 40.
  • the measured change in the rate constant demonstrates an effect of the drug candidate that may be therapeutically significant.
  • the measuring device 1 and the measuring method described the development of new medicaments can be decisively improved both quantitatively and qualitatively. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) pour la mesure optique de propriétés de systèmes de transport (50) dans des membranes (40), en particulier de protéines porteuses ou canal. L'invention vise à permettre de mesurer les propriétés de molécules de transport biologiques (50) avec un rendement élevé. A cet effet, le dispositif (1) présente un dispositif de mesure optique (2) et une unité de traitement de données (6) munie d'une commande de processus (7) et d'un système d'acquisition de données.
EP08856201A 2007-12-06 2008-12-05 Dispositif pour la mesure de systèmes de transport Withdrawn EP2257788A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007059166A DE102007059166A1 (de) 2007-12-06 2007-12-06 Vorrichtung zur Messung von Transportsystemen
PCT/DE2008/002010 WO2009071065A2 (fr) 2007-12-06 2008-12-05 Dispositif pour la mesure de systèmes de transport

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2257788A2 true EP2257788A2 (fr) 2010-12-08

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Family Applications (1)

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EP08856201A Withdrawn EP2257788A2 (fr) 2007-12-06 2008-12-05 Dispositif pour la mesure de systèmes de transport

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100274496A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2257788A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2011519017A (fr)
DE (1) DE102007059166A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009071065A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100274496A1 (en) 2010-10-28
WO2009071065A3 (fr) 2013-03-21
JP2011519017A (ja) 2011-06-30
WO2009071065A2 (fr) 2009-06-11
DE102007059166A1 (de) 2009-06-10

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