EP2257665A1 - Woven structure and panel or vessel including such structure - Google Patents

Woven structure and panel or vessel including such structure

Info

Publication number
EP2257665A1
EP2257665A1 EP09706322A EP09706322A EP2257665A1 EP 2257665 A1 EP2257665 A1 EP 2257665A1 EP 09706322 A EP09706322 A EP 09706322A EP 09706322 A EP09706322 A EP 09706322A EP 2257665 A1 EP2257665 A1 EP 2257665A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
walls
binding
yarns
woven
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09706322A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2257665B1 (en
Inventor
Georges-Paul Deschamps
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deschamps SARL
Original Assignee
Deschamps SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deschamps SARL filed Critical Deschamps SARL
Priority to PL09706322T priority Critical patent/PL2257665T3/en
Priority to SI200930668T priority patent/SI2257665T1/en
Publication of EP2257665A1 publication Critical patent/EP2257665A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2257665B1 publication Critical patent/EP2257665B1/en
Priority to CY20131100645T priority patent/CY1114245T1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/02—Inflatable articles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/275—Carbon fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/44—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with specific cross-section or surface shape
    • D03D15/46—Flat yarns, e.g. tapes or films
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D03D41/004—Looms for three-dimensional fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03J—AUXILIARY WEAVING APPARATUS; WEAVERS' TOOLS; SHUTTLES
    • D03J1/00—Auxiliary apparatus combined with or associated with looms
    • D03J1/22—Temples
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/02—Cotton
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/022—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polypropylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/06—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyethers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/06—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyethers
    • D10B2331/061—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyethers polyetherketones, polyetheretherketones, e.g. PEEK
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/041—Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1334—Nonself-supporting tubular film or bag [e.g., pouch, envelope, packet, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3504—Woven fabric layers comprise chemically different strand material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528—Three or more fabric layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a woven structure and a piece equipped with such a structure. It relates more particularly to a flexible container comprising such a structure and forming an inflatable reservoir.
  • Aircraft lift airbags are known to facilitate the desmiling and recovery of commercial and military aircraft accidentally exited the runway.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional view of an aircraft lifting cushion of the prior art.
  • This cushion typically comprises two walls 1, 2 woven coated for sealing and vulcanized hot. These woven walls 1, 2 are connected on their periphery by a thickening 3 of rubber. These walls 1, 2 are also interconnected by polyamide threads 4 which when they are tensioned by inflation of the cushion are parallel and regularly spaced from each other.
  • These son 4 are of identical length so as to maintain the walls 1, 2 parallel. This ensures the application of a uniform lifting pressure on the structure of the aircraft under which the cushion is placed.
  • woven articles having a complex shape such as poufs filled with polystyrene beads, chair covers, etc., result from the assembly of initially separate textile pieces which are then joined, for example, by sewing to confer its definitive form to the article.
  • Premature wear of the article at these areas may result for example in the loss of the filling material of the article.
  • assembly time of these articles having a complex shape can be relatively long and require skilled operators making the item expensive.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a single textile piece in its design and its operating mode, in one piece thus conferring on it superior mechanical properties to known articles of the prior art obtained by the assembly of elements initially separated by sewing, gluing, ... or by a combination of these modes of assembly.
  • Another object of the invention is a woven structure in one piece having a complex shape such as a conical or cylindrical shape, having increased mechanical strength for the production of composite parts such as radomes, fuselage sections d aircraft, ship hulls or furniture.
  • the invention relates to a woven structure comprising at least two woven walls connected to one another by at least one unrelated binding yarn.
  • the variation of the length between two consecutive leashes of said at least one binding yarn, each of said leash corresponding to one taken by a weft yarn of a different wall is continuous over at least part of the structure in the direction of the warp and / or in the direction of the warp.
  • Each of these two left belongs to the basic armor of a different wall or sheet.
  • each of these two left corresponding to a taken, or bonded binding yarn, by a weft yarn of a different wall, these walls are interconnected by the binding yarn.
  • the connection between the two woven walls is thus provided by additional warp threads.
  • This woven structure can be closed or at least partially open. This opening may be placed at any point of the woven structure, that is to say at least at one of its ends, the corresponding edges of these walls not then being interconnected or resulting from the presence of an orifice on at least one of the walls.
  • the section of this woven structure may advantageously have any shape such as a circular, square, rectangular, rhombus, T, U, L, H, I, ... shape after possible cutting. unnecessary warp threads.
  • Continuous variation is understood to mean that this variation is uniform and does not show jumps or levels.
  • non-attached binding yarn means that this yarn is not reported after weaving each of these walls for the assembly thereof, but that, on the contrary, it is inserted into the weft of these woven walls. as they are manufactured.
  • the binding yarn is therefore an integral part of the weave of the two walls on portions thereof.
  • the woven structure thus obtained is in one piece which gives it an increased mechanical resistance to stress.
  • This woven structure can either be in one piece or on the contrary be made of different materials.
  • the expression "the woven structure is in one pieceā€ means that this structure is monobloc and made from a single material.
  • the warp or weft threads used may, however, be of a different shape, that is to say be monofilament yarn, multi-filament yarn, flat yarn, twisted yarn, yarn single or rotor, for example, and have different thicknesses or diameters.
  • These yarns may, for example, be cotton yarns, polyester yarns, polyamide yarns, polypropylene yarns, polyethylene yarns, biodegradable starch-based plastic materials, oxodegradable plastics materials, yarns made of carbon, graphite, glass, silica, aramid, ...
  • the walls may furthermore have different dimensions and / or different shapes depending on the application envisaged for the woven structure.
  • a woven structure comprising a convex upper wall, a flat intermediate wall and a convex lower wall and symmetrical of the upper wall relative to the intermediate wall.
  • these same walls respectively have convex portions to form a convex extrados, simple curvature, and flat to form a flat intrados.
  • these walls are linked at their ends to form the leading edge and the trailing edge of the wing.
  • the density of the binding yarns and their composition ensure, once the structure is hardened, the support of the upper and lower walls and the mechanical rigidity necessary for the wing to take up efforts.
  • this structure comprises an upper wall, an intermediate wall and a lower wall, these walls being superimposed, at least one first binding wire connecting said upper and intermediate walls, and at least one second binding wire connecting said lower and intermediate walls. at least one of these first and second binding yarns having a length variation between two consecutive leashes, each of said leash corresponding to one taken by a weft yarn of a different wall, which is continuous over at least a part of the structure in the direction of the warp and / or in the weft direction.
  • the invention also relates to a woven structure comprising at least one upper woven wall and one lower woven wall which are connected to one another by at least one non-attached binding thread.
  • said at least one binding yarn having a plurality of floating portions in the weft direction, each of these portions corresponding to said at least one binding yarn bonded on the one hand by at least two warp yarns of the wall upper and secondly by at least two warp son of the bottom wall, the variation of the length of said floating portions is continuous over at least a portion of said woven structure in the direction of the frame and / or the warp.
  • connection between the two woven walls is thus obtained from additional picks and not additional warp son as previously described.
  • the binding yarns being under tension, at least a majority of the lengths between two consecutive leashes of these binding yarns are rectilinear and regularly spaced apart; the walls and / or the binding yarns are made of different materials,
  • the binding threads may advantageously be made of different materials so that the woven structure has zones of different mechanical strength. For purely illustrative purposes, it is thus possible to generate a marking zone in the woven structure with binding yarns having a lower mechanical strength than the other binding yarns of the structure, and therefore a lower break point than that of the other yarns. binding.
  • At least one of these walls may comprise an orifice.
  • the woven structure may thus comprise an orifice and form a ring.
  • the length of the warp yarns and / or the weft yarns of at least one of these walls is different from the length of the warp yarns and / or the weft yarns respectively from the other walls
  • walls can be based on a weave in plain weave or twill weave.
  • One of the walls intended to be in contact with the ground may also have a surface relief with projections and recesses to give it a grip on the ground.
  • a first wall may have a surface relief composed of recesses while a second wall of the woven structure has projections intended to cooperate with the recesses of the first wall so as to avoid a possible sliding of a structure relative to to another when they are stacked on top of each other.
  • These protrusions and recesses can be respectively male and female indentations. As an illustration, these indentations can result from honeycomb armor.
  • the walls having identical armor, the lengths of the warp and / or weft threads may be different, one of these walls being longer.
  • the woven structure comprising at least one side wall connecting these walls, at least some of these warp and / or weft threads are placed both in at least one of these walls and in said side wall, said threads being continuous,
  • the woven structure is at least partially closed.
  • the continuity of the warp and / or weft threads on everything or part of the upper, lower and lateral walls provides mechanical strength of the upper woven structure.
  • the density of binding yarns is greater than 1 yarn / 10 cm 2 , However, this density of binding yarns depends on the applications envisaged for the woven structure. This density of binding yarns can therefore vary from one yarn / 10 cm 2 to several hundred yarns / cm 2 .
  • binding threads are flexible
  • these binding yarns are chosen from the group consisting of monofilament yarns, multi-filament yarns, single or rotor yarn, yarns comprising agglomerated fibers, flat yarns, flexible metal yarns, sheathed yarns, i.e. each having a core wire and a sheath made of thermoplastic material, and combinations of these elements.
  • flat wire means an extruded product through a die, drawn or otherwise whose solid and substantially constant cross section over its entire length is in the shape of an oval, a square, a rectangle, a flattened circle and square or modified rectangle, that is to say having two opposite sides having a convex arc shape, the other two being rectilinear, equal and parallel.
  • These flat wires may still be hollow and have, for illustrative purposes, a flattened tubular section.
  • the invention also relates to a flexible container.
  • this reservoir comprises a structure as described above.
  • this structure is waterproof.
  • the walls may have been coated with a sealing material such as a material based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane, and more preferably a material based on PVC plasticized flame retardant.
  • a sealing material such as a material based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane, and more preferably a material based on PVC plasticized flame retardant.
  • the container In the case of an airbag that can be used, for example, for lifting an aircraft out of the runway, the container will comprise a selvedge, a zone intended to form a flare when the container is under pressure and a flat central zone. It may further include handles to allow the displacement of this cushion.
  • the invention also relates to a panel comprising at least two walls spaced from one another. According to the invention, these two walls are formed by a structure as described above.
  • the entire structure can be embedded in a hardened resin.
  • the bonding son and the constituent son of the walls having been pre-impregnated, the woven structure is polymerized.
  • these yarns may be pre-impregnated with a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, and in particular a thermostable thermoplastic resin such as that of the families of polyetherimides (PEI), polyetheretherketones (PEEK) or polyamides (PA).
  • a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin such as that of the families of polyetherimides (PEI), polyetheretherketones (PEEK) or polyamides (PA).
  • PEI polyetherimides
  • PEEK polyetheretherketones
  • PA polyamides
  • the panel of the present invention advantageously has good mechanical properties in the plane of each wall but also in a direction perpendicular to these walls because of the binding son connecting these walls.
  • the invention relates to a vessel equipped with at least one panel as described above.
  • the invention relates to an aircraft equipped with at least one panel as described above.
  • Said at least one panel can be part of the fuselage of the aircraft or the radome.
  • the invention also relates to an interior or exterior furnishing object such as a seat filled with polystyrene beads, furniture, a duvet filled with foam or down, ...
  • this object of arrangement comprises a structure as described above.
  • the invention more generally relates to any manufactured article equipped with a structure as described above.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a lifting cushion of the prior art
  • FIG. 2 shows a stack of lifting cushions of Figure 1 placed under a wing of an aircraft out of the airstrip for its lifting;
  • FIG. 3 shows in perspective a panel according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view along the axis A-A of the woven structure used for the manufacture of the panel of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the variation in the length between two consecutive leashes of a binding yarn of the woven structure of Figure 4 in the direction of the chain;
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a temple used in the manufacture of the woven structure of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a panel according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • This panel consists of a woven structure 10 embedded in a gangue hardened with a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of the woven structure used in the manufacture of the panel of Figure 3.
  • the woven structure 10 is in one piece and is formed from carbon fiber yarns.
  • This woven structure 10 comprises two woven walls 11, 12 which are connected to one another by non-reported binding threads 13.
  • the upper wall 1 1 is inclined and forms an angle relative to the bottom wall 12 which is horizontal.
  • These two walls 11, 12 are continuous and flat. They are connected at each of their ends by a woven portion 14, 15 intended to have a rounded or substantially rounded shape after polymerization, so that the panel forms a closed object.
  • FIG. 5 shows the variation of the length (Y axis, 16) of a binding yarn between two consecutive leashes in the warp direction which is here in the length of the panel (X axis, 17).
  • binding yarn 13 corresponding is floating, that is to say it has a portion of floating yarn.
  • This variation in length ( ā‡ L) in the warp direction is thus calculated by making the difference between the lengths of two floating portions of the same binding thread immediately following in the direction of the warp.
  • This woven structure was obtained according to the manufacturing method described below.
  • the row 21 of the armor corresponds schematically to the replacement of a pick, that is to say a weaving phase, by the introduction into the weaving area of the temple to draw the binding yarns numbered 5 and 6, facing each of a vertical column.
  • the warp threads numbered 1 and 3 correspond to the warp thread of the lower ply and the warp threads numbered 2 and 4 correspond to the warp thread of the upper ply.
  • This length thus drawn from the binding yarn and the distance separating the upper and lower plies corresponds to the distance separating the walls of the final woven structure at this connection of the walls by said at least one binding yarn.
  • binding yarn pulled to the right length the temple is out of the weaving area and normally resumes the manufacture of the woven walls until the next binding of the walls by the binding thread.
  • binding son 13 are drawn on the top (or symmetrically, below) of the two layers forming the upper walls 11 and lower
  • binding son are then returned to the woven structure by spreading the webs one from the other.
  • the rod 19 advantageously has on one of its edges a rough surface or an array of vertical grooves 20 intended to each receive a binding yarn so that the binding yarns can not slide on the surface of the rod 19 during the step pulling said at least one binding yarn. It is moreover advantageously movable in translation in a horizontal plane 21, 22.
  • the rod 19 has a uniform diameter and does not have a surface relief (FIG 7).
  • the rod will comprise a surface relief on the edge comprising the rough surface or the network of grooves, this relief constituting an impression of the relief to be imparted to the wall at the level of the binding threads thus drawn.
  • it may be necessary to change the temple between the steps of drawing binding son to build as weaving of the woven structure, the final shape of the wall.
  • the invention relates to a method of weaving at least two sheets interconnected by at least one binding yarn.
  • a) the weaving of these plies is initiated by inserting into the basic weave of a first ply at least one additional warp or suture, the latter constituting said binding yarn, b) before introducing said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave of the second ply, suspending the weaving of these plies, c) drawing said at least one binding yarn from the side of the second ply by placing at least a portion of the length drawn outside the assembly formed by these plies thus connected, d) then, we resume the weaving of the plies by introducing said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave of the second ply,
  • the following cycle is repeated: e) the weaving of the plies is stopped, f) the said at least one binding yarn is pulled placing at least a portion of the length drawn outside of the assembly formed by these plies thus connected, this length thus drawn being able to be placed above or below, g) then, the weaving of the plies is repeated. introducing said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave of said web.
  • the drawing of the at least one binding thread is carried out with a gripping element which may be a temple as described above or a set of needles provided at their end with a hook, each of these needles making it possible to draw a single thread of bonding.
  • a gripping element which may be a temple as described above or a set of needles provided at their end with a hook, each of these needles making it possible to draw a single thread of bonding.
  • These needles are actuated by electromagnets or hydraulic or pneumatic piston. They are more apt to move in translation.
  • the method of the invention is applicable to the production of composite parts of sheet metal as well as structural parts entering the realization of aircraft, for example fuselages or parts of fuselage such as the wings of an aircraft or the radome. It is also possible to make propeller tanks or tank skirts.
  • Maritime applications are conceivable, for illustrative purposes, the realization of hulls of boats, containers, floats, ...

Abstract

The invention relates to a woven structure including at least two woven walls (11, 12) connected together by at least one unattached linking thread (13). According to the invention, the length variation between two consecutive sinkers of said at least one linking thread (13), each of said sinkers corresponding to a riser per weft yarn of a different wall (11, 12), is continuous on at least a portion of said structure in the direction of the warp and/or in the direction of the weft. The invention can be used in the aeronautic, maritime, furniture an automotive fields.

Description

Structure tissĆ©e et panneau ou rĆ©cipient comportant une telle structureĀ Woven structure and panel or container having such a structure
La prĆ©sente invention concerne une structure tissĆ©e et une piĆØce Ć©quipĆ©e d'une telle structure. Elle concerne plus particuliĆØrement un rĆ©cipient souple comprenant une telle structure et formant un rĆ©servoir gonflable.The present invention relates to a woven structure and a piece equipped with such a structure. It relates more particularly to a flexible container comprising such a structure and forming an inflatable reservoir.
On connaƮt des coussins gonflables de relevage d'avion conƧus pour faciliter le dƩsembourbement et la rƩcupƩration des avions commerciaux et militaires sortis accidentellement de piste.Aircraft lift airbags are known to facilitate the desmiling and recovery of commercial and military aircraft accidentally exited the runway.
Ces coussins permettent aux Ʃquipes de secours des aƩroports confrontƩes Ơ une sortie de piste d'un aƩronef, de soulever ce dernier puis de le tracter rapidement et en toute sƩcuritƩ, en Ʃvitant de lui causer des dommages secondaires.These cushions allow airport rescue teams facing a runway excursion of an aircraft, lift the aircraft and then tow it quickly and safely, avoiding secondary damage.
La Figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un coussin de levage pour avion de l'art antĆ©rieur. Ce coussin comporte typiquement deux parois 1 , 2 tissĆ©es enduites pour l'Ć©tanchĆ©itĆ© et vulcanisĆ©es Ć  chaud. Ces parois tissĆ©es 1 , 2 sont reliĆ©es sur leur pourtour par une surĆ©paisseur 3 en caoutchouc. Ces parois 1 , 2 sont Ć©galement reliĆ©es entre elles par des fils 4 de polyamide qui lorsqu'ils sont mis sous tension par gonflage du coussin sont parallĆØles et espacĆ©es rĆ©guliĆØrement les uns des autres.Figure 1 is a sectional view of an aircraft lifting cushion of the prior art. This cushion typically comprises two walls 1, 2 woven coated for sealing and vulcanized hot. These woven walls 1, 2 are connected on their periphery by a thickening 3 of rubber. These walls 1, 2 are also interconnected by polyamide threads 4 which when they are tensioned by inflation of the cushion are parallel and regularly spaced from each other.
Ces fils 4 sont de longueur identique de maniĆØre Ć  maintenir les parois 1 , 2 parallĆØles. On s'assure ainsi de l'application d'une pression de levage uniforme sur la structure de l'avion sous laquelle est placĆ©e ce coussin.These son 4 are of identical length so as to maintain the walls 1, 2 parallel. This ensures the application of a uniform lifting pressure on the structure of the aircraft under which the cushion is placed.
Ce dernier point est particuliĆØrement critique par exemple lors du relevage d'Ć©lĆ©ments fragiles tels qu'une aile 5 d'avion, pour Ć©viter l'apparition de dommages structuraux sur ces derniers (Fig. 2).This last point is particularly critical for example when lifting fragile elements such as a wing 5 of aircraft, to avoid the appearance of structural damage on them (Fig 2).
Or, on peut observer des pertes d'air de ces coussins de relevage rƩsultant d'un dƩfaut de fabrication ou apparaissant dans le temps au niveau de points de rupture 6 de la structure du coussin de relevage. A titre illustratif, les dƩfauts de fabrication peuvent rƩsulter d'une mauvaise vulcanisation ou encore d'un glissement de la surƩpaisseur de caoutchouc 3 avant vulcanisation. De tels dƩfauts entraƮnent une application non uniforme de la force de levage sur la structure de l'avion et Ʃventuellement sont responsables de dommages secondaires.However, one can observe air losses of these lifting cushions resulting from a manufacturing defect or appearing in time at the level of breaking points 6 of the structure of the lifting cushion. By way of illustration, the manufacturing defects may result from poor vulcanization or from slipping of the excess thickness of rubber 3 before vulcanization. Such defects result in uneven application of the lifting force on the aircraft structure and possibly are responsible for secondary damage.
Il existe donc un besoin pressant pour un coussin de gonflage qui soit rĆ©alisĆ© en une seule piĆØce afin de prĆ©senter une rĆ©sistance accrue aux efforts.There is therefore a pressing need for an inflation cushion which is made in one piece in order to have an increased resistance to forces.
Plus gĆ©nĆ©ralement, de nombreux articles tissĆ©s prĆ©sentant une forme complexe tels que des poufs remplis de billes de polystyrĆØne, des housses de fauteuil, etc...., rĆ©sultent de l'assemblage de piĆØces textiles initialement distinctes qui sont ensuite jointes, par exemple, par couture pour confĆ©rer sa forme dĆ©finitive Ć  l'article.More generally, many woven articles having a complex shape such as poufs filled with polystyrene beads, chair covers, etc., result from the assembly of initially separate textile pieces which are then joined, for example, by sewing to confer its definitive form to the article.
Or, ces articles prƩsentent par dƩfinition une certaine faiblesse structurale au niveau de ces zones d'assemblage.However, these articles by definition have a certain structural weakness in these assembly areas.
Une usure prĆ©maturĆ©e de l'article au niveau de ces zones peut rĆ©sulter par exemple en la perte du matĆ©riau de remplissage de l'article. Enfin, le temps d'assemblage de ces articles ayant une forme complexe peut ĆŖtre relativement long et requĆ©rir des opĆ©rateurs qualifiĆ©s rendant l'article onĆ©reux.Premature wear of the article at these areas may result for example in the loss of the filling material of the article. Finally, the assembly time of these articles having a complex shape can be relatively long and require skilled operators making the item expensive.
L'objectif de la prĆ©sente invention est donc de proposer une piĆØce textile simple dans sa conception et son mode opĆ©ratoire, d'un seul tenant lui confĆ©rant ainsi des propriĆ©tĆ©s mĆ©caniques supĆ©rieures aux articles connus de l'art antĆ©rieur obtenus par l'assemblage d'Ć©lĆ©ments initialement sĆ©parĆ©s par couture, collage, ... ou encore par une combinaison de ces modes d'assemblage.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a single textile piece in its design and its operating mode, in one piece thus conferring on it superior mechanical properties to known articles of the prior art obtained by the assembly of elements initially separated by sewing, gluing, ... or by a combination of these modes of assembly.
Un autre objectif de l'invention est une structure tissĆ©e d'un seul tenant ayant une forme complexe telle qu'une forme conique ou cylindrique, prĆ©sentant une rĆ©sistance mĆ©canique accrue pour la rĆ©alisation de piĆØces composites telles que des radĆ“mes, des sections de fuselage d'aĆ©ronef, des coques de navire ou encore du mobilier. A cet effet, l'invention concerne une structure tissĆ©e comprenant au moins deux parois tissĆ©es reliĆ©es l'une Ć  l'autre par au moins un fil de liage non rapportĆ©.Another object of the invention is a woven structure in one piece having a complex shape such as a conical or cylindrical shape, having increased mechanical strength for the production of composite parts such as radomes, fuselage sections d aircraft, ship hulls or furniture. To this end, the invention relates to a woven structure comprising at least two woven walls connected to one another by at least one unrelated binding yarn.
Selon l'invention, la variation de la longueur entre deux laissƩs consƩcutifs dudit au moins un fil de liage, chacun desdits laissƩs correspondant Ơ un pris par un fil de trame d'une paroi diffƩrente, est continue sur au moins une partie de la structure dans le sens de la chaƮne et/ou dans le sens de la trame.According to the invention, the variation of the length between two consecutive leashes of said at least one binding yarn, each of said leash corresponding to one taken by a weft yarn of a different wall, is continuous over at least part of the structure in the direction of the warp and / or in the direction of the warp.
Chacun de ces deux laissĆ©s appartient Ć  l'armure fondamentale d'une paroi ou nappe diffĆ©rente. Autrement dit, chacun de ces deux laissĆ©s correspondant Ć  un pris, ou fil de liage liĆ©, par un fil de trame d'une paroi diffĆ©rente, ces parois sont liĆ©es entre elles par le fil de liage. La liaison entre les deux parois tissĆ©es est donc assurĆ©e par des fils de chaĆ®ne supplĆ©mentaires. Cette structure tissĆ©e peut ĆŖtre fermĆ©e ou au moins partiellement ouverte. Cette ouverture peut ĆŖtre placĆ©e en n'importe quel point de la structure tissĆ©e, c'est-Ć -dire Ć  au moins une de ses extrĆ©mitĆ©s, les bords correspondant de ces parois n'Ć©tant alors pas liĆ©s entre eux ou encore rĆ©sulter de la prĆ©sence d'un orifice sur au moins une des parois. La section de cette structure tissĆ©e peut avantageusement prĆ©senter n'importe quelle forme telle qu'une forme circulaire, carrĆ©e, rectangulaire, de losange, de T, de U, de L, de H, de I, ... aprĆØs coupe Ć©ventuelle des fils de chaĆ®ne non nĆ©cessaires.Each of these two left belongs to the basic armor of a different wall or sheet. In other words, each of these two left corresponding to a taken, or bonded binding yarn, by a weft yarn of a different wall, these walls are interconnected by the binding yarn. The connection between the two woven walls is thus provided by additional warp threads. This woven structure can be closed or at least partially open. This opening may be placed at any point of the woven structure, that is to say at least at one of its ends, the corresponding edges of these walls not then being interconnected or resulting from the presence of an orifice on at least one of the walls. The section of this woven structure may advantageously have any shape such as a circular, square, rectangular, rhombus, T, U, L, H, I, ... shape after possible cutting. unnecessary warp threads.
On entend par "variation continue" que cette variation est uniforme et ne prƩsente pas de sauts ou paliers."Continuous variation" is understood to mean that this variation is uniform and does not show jumps or levels.
On entend par "fil de liage non rapportĆ©" que ce fil n'est pas rapportĆ© aprĆØs tissage de chacune de ces parois pour l'assemblage de celles-ci mais que bien au contraire, il est insĆ©rĆ© dans la trame de ces parois tissĆ©es au fur et Ć  mesure de leur fabrication. Le fil de liage fait donc partie intĆ©grante de l'armure des deux parois sur des portions de celles-ci.The term "non-attached binding yarn" means that this yarn is not reported after weaving each of these walls for the assembly thereof, but that, on the contrary, it is inserted into the weft of these woven walls. as they are manufactured. The binding yarn is therefore an integral part of the weave of the two walls on portions thereof.
La structure tissĆ©e ainsi obtenue est d'un seul tenant ce qui lui confĆØre une rĆ©sistance mĆ©canique accrue aux contraintes.The woven structure thus obtained is in one piece which gives it an increased mechanical resistance to stress.
Cette structure tissĆ©e peut soit ĆŖtre d'une seule piĆØce ou au contraire comporter des matĆ©riaux diffĆ©rents. On entend par l'expression "la structure tissĆ©e est d'une seule piĆØce" que cette structure est monobloc et rĆ©alisĆ©e Ć  partir d'un seul matĆ©riau. Les fils de chaĆ®ne ou de trame mis en œuvre peuvent toutefois ĆŖtre d'une forme diffĆ©rente, c'est-Ć -dire ĆŖtre du fil mono filament, du fil multi filaments, du fil plat, du fil formĆ© de fibres torsadĆ©es, du fil simple ou rotor, par exemple, et prĆ©senter des Ć©paisseurs ou diamĆØtres diffĆ©rents.This woven structure can either be in one piece or on the contrary be made of different materials. The expression "the woven structure is in one piece" means that this structure is monobloc and made from a single material. The warp or weft threads used may, however, be of a different shape, that is to say be monofilament yarn, multi-filament yarn, flat yarn, twisted yarn, yarn single or rotor, for example, and have different thicknesses or diameters.
Ces fils peuvent, par exemple, ĆŖtre des fils de coton, des fils de polyester, des fils de polyamide, de polypropylĆØne, de polyĆ©thylĆØne, des matĆ©riaux plastiques biodĆ©gradables Ć  base d'amidon, des matĆ©riaux plastiques oxodĆ©gradables, des fils formĆ©s de fibres de carbone, de graphite, de verre, de silice, d'aramide, ...These yarns may, for example, be cotton yarns, polyester yarns, polyamide yarns, polypropylene yarns, polyethylene yarns, biodegradable starch-based plastic materials, oxodegradable plastics materials, yarns made of carbon, graphite, glass, silica, aramid, ...
Les parois peuvent de plus avoir des dimensions diffĆ©rentes et/ou des formes diffĆ©rentes en fonction de l'application envisagĆ©e pour la structure tissĆ©e. Ainsi, et Ć  titre purement illustratif, en vue de la fabrication d'une aile d'aĆ©roplane prĆ©sentant un profil biconvexe symĆ©trique, on pourra mettre en oeuvre une structure tissĆ©e comportant une paroi supĆ©rieure convexe, une paroi intermĆ©diaire plane et une paroi infĆ©rieure convexe et symĆ©trique de la paroi supĆ©rieure par rapport Ć  la paroi intermĆ©diaire. Pour obtenir une aile prĆ©sentant un profil plan convexe, ces mĆŖmes parois prĆ©senteront respectivement des portions convexe pour former un extrados convexe, Ć  simple courbure, et plane pour former un intrados plat. Bien entendu, ces parois sont liĆ©es Ć  leurs extrĆ©mitĆ©s pour former le bord d'attaque et le bord de fuite de l'aile. La densitĆ© des fils de liage et leur composition assurent, une fois la structure durcie, le support des parois supĆ©rieure et infĆ©rieure et la rigiditĆ© mĆ©canique nĆ©cessaire Ć  l'aile pour la reprise des efforts.The walls may furthermore have different dimensions and / or different shapes depending on the application envisaged for the woven structure. Thus, and purely illustrative, for the manufacture of an airfoil wing having a symmetrical biconvex profile, it will be possible to implement a woven structure comprising a convex upper wall, a flat intermediate wall and a convex lower wall and symmetrical of the upper wall relative to the intermediate wall. To obtain a wing having a convex plane profile, these same walls respectively have convex portions to form a convex extrados, simple curvature, and flat to form a flat intrados. Of course, these walls are linked at their ends to form the leading edge and the trailing edge of the wing. The density of the binding yarns and their composition ensure, once the structure is hardened, the support of the upper and lower walls and the mechanical rigidity necessary for the wing to take up efforts.
Avantageusement, cette structure comporte une paroi supĆ©rieure, une paroi intermĆ©diaire et une paroi infĆ©rieure, ces parois Ć©tant superposĆ©es, au moins un premier fil de liage reliant lesdites parois supĆ©rieure et intermĆ©diaire, et au moins un deuxiĆØme fil de liage reliant lesdites parois infĆ©rieure et intermĆ©diaire, au moins un de ces premier et deuxiĆØme fils de liage prĆ©sentant une variation de longueur entre deux laissĆ©s consĆ©cutifs, chacun desdits laissĆ©s correspondant Ć  un pris par un fil de trame d'une paroi diffĆ©rente, qui est continue sur au moins une partie de la structure dans le sens de la chaĆ®ne et/ou dans le sens de la trame. L'invention concerne encore une structure tissĆ©e comprenant au moins une paroi tissĆ©e supĆ©rieure et une paroi tissĆ©e infĆ©rieure qui sont reliĆ©es l'une Ć  l'autre par au moins un fil de liage non rapportĆ©.Advantageously, this structure comprises an upper wall, an intermediate wall and a lower wall, these walls being superimposed, at least one first binding wire connecting said upper and intermediate walls, and at least one second binding wire connecting said lower and intermediate walls. at least one of these first and second binding yarns having a length variation between two consecutive leashes, each of said leash corresponding to one taken by a weft yarn of a different wall, which is continuous over at least a part of the structure in the direction of the warp and / or in the weft direction. The invention also relates to a woven structure comprising at least one upper woven wall and one lower woven wall which are connected to one another by at least one non-attached binding thread.
Selon l'invention, ledit au moins un fil de liage prƩsentant plusieurs portions flottantes dans le sens de la trame, chacune de ces portions correspondant audit au moins un fil de liage liƩ d'une part par au moins deux fils de chaƮne de la paroi supƩrieure et d'autre part par au moins deux fils de chaƮne de la paroi infƩrieure, la variation de la longueur desdites portions flottantes est continue sur au moins une partie de ladite structure tissƩe dans le sens de la trame et/ou de la chaƮne.According to the invention, said at least one binding yarn having a plurality of floating portions in the weft direction, each of these portions corresponding to said at least one binding yarn bonded on the one hand by at least two warp yarns of the wall upper and secondly by at least two warp son of the bottom wall, the variation of the length of said floating portions is continuous over at least a portion of said woven structure in the direction of the frame and / or the warp.
La liaison entre les deux parois tissƩes est donc obtenue Ơ partir de duites supplƩmentaires et non pas de fils de chaƮne supplƩmentaires comme dƩcrit prƩcƩdemment.The connection between the two woven walls is thus obtained from additional picks and not additional warp son as previously described.
Dans diffƩrents modes de rƩalisation particuliers de cette structure tissƩe, chacun ayant ses avantages particuliers et susceptibles de nombreuses combinaisons techniques possibles:In various particular embodiments of this woven structure, each having its particular advantages and susceptible to many possible technical combinations:
- les fils de liage Ć©tant sous tension, au moins une majoritĆ© des longueurs entre deux laissĆ©s consĆ©cutifs de ces fils de liage sont rectilignes en Ć©tant espacĆ©s rĆ©guliĆØrement ou non, - les parois et/ou les fils de liage sont rĆ©alisĆ©s dans des matĆ©riaux diffĆ©rents,the binding yarns being under tension, at least a majority of the lengths between two consecutive leashes of these binding yarns are rectilinear and regularly spaced apart; the walls and / or the binding yarns are made of different materials,
Les fils de liage peuvent avantageusement ĆŖtre rĆ©alisĆ©s dans des matĆ©riaux diffĆ©rents de sorte que la structure tissĆ©e prĆ©sente des zones de rĆ©sistance mĆ©canique diffĆ©rente. A titre purement illustratif, on peut ainsi gĆ©nĆ©rer une zone de marquage dans la structure tissĆ©e avec des fils de liage prĆ©sentant une rĆ©sistance mĆ©canique plus faible que les autres fils de liage de la structure, et donc un seuil de rupture infĆ©rieure Ć  celui des autres fils de liage.The binding threads may advantageously be made of different materials so that the woven structure has zones of different mechanical strength. For purely illustrative purposes, it is thus possible to generate a marking zone in the woven structure with binding yarns having a lower mechanical strength than the other binding yarns of the structure, and therefore a lower break point than that of the other yarns. binding.
L'application d'une pression supĆ©rieure Ć  un seuil de pression maximale recommandĆ©, lors du gonflement d'un rĆ©servoir de levage souple fabriquĆ© Ć  partir de cette structure tissĆ©e, peut entraĆ®ner la rupture de ces fils de liage ayant une rĆ©sistance plus faible ce qui permet Ć  l'opĆ©rateur de visualiser directement que ce seuil de pression a Ć©tĆ© franchi et qu'il doit intervenir pour stopper le gonflement du rĆ©servoir. Cette zone de marquage offre ainsi un moyen de contrĆ“le et de sĆ©curitĆ© simple et efficace pour s'assurer qu'aucun endommagement secondaire ne peut ĆŖtre causĆ© Ć  un Ć©lĆ©ment structurel d'un avion sorti de piste lors de son relevage. - ces parois sont continues ou non,The application of a pressure greater than a maximum recommended pressure threshold, during the swelling of a flexible lifting tank made from this woven structure, may result in the breaking of these bonding yarns having a lower strength which allows the operator to visualize directly that this pressure threshold has been crossed and must intervene to stop the swelling of the tank. This marking area thus provides a means of control and security simple and effective to ensure that no secondary damage can be caused to a structural element of an aircraft out of track during its recovery. these walls are continuous or not,
A titre purement illustratif, au moins une de ces parois peut comporter un orifice. La structure tissƩe peut ainsi comporter un orifice et former un anneau.For illustrative purposes, at least one of these walls may comprise an orifice. The woven structure may thus comprise an orifice and form a ring.
- la longueur des fils de chaƮne et/ou des fils de trame d'au moins une de ces parois est diffƩrente de la longueur fils de chaƮne et/ou des fils de trame respectivement des autres parois,the length of the warp yarns and / or the weft yarns of at least one of these walls is different from the length of the warp yarns and / or the weft yarns respectively from the other walls,
Cela pourrait ĆŖtre obtenu par exemple lorsque les parois prĆ©sentent des armures diffĆ©rentes. Ces parois peuvent avoir pour base un tissage en armure toile ou en armure sergĆ©. Une des parois destinĆ©e Ć  ĆŖtre en contact avec le sol peut aussi prĆ©senter un relief de surface comportant des saillies et des creux pour lui confĆ©rer une adhĆ©rence au sol.This could be achieved for example when the walls have different armor. These walls can be based on a weave in plain weave or twill weave. One of the walls intended to be in contact with the ground may also have a surface relief with projections and recesses to give it a grip on the ground.
Alternativement, une premiĆØre paroi peut prĆ©senter un relief de surface composĆ© de creux tandis qu'une deuxiĆØme paroi de la structure tissĆ©e comporte des saillies destinĆ©es Ć  coopĆ©rer avec les creux de la premiĆØre paroi de maniĆØre Ć  Ć©viter un Ć©ventuel glissement d'une structure par rapport Ć  une autre lorsque celles-ci sont empilĆ©es l'une sur l'autre. Ces saillies et creux peuvent ĆŖtre respectivement des indentations mĆ¢les et femelles. A titre illustratif, ces indentations peuvent rĆ©sulter d'armure en nid d'abeille.Alternatively, a first wall may have a surface relief composed of recesses while a second wall of the woven structure has projections intended to cooperate with the recesses of the first wall so as to avoid a possible sliding of a structure relative to to another when they are stacked on top of each other. These protrusions and recesses can be respectively male and female indentations. As an illustration, these indentations can result from honeycomb armor.
De maniĆØre plus gĆ©nĆ©rale, les parois ayant une armure identique, les longueurs des fils de chaĆ®ne et/ou de trame peuvent ĆŖtre diffĆ©rentes, une de ces parois Ć©tant plus longue. la structure tissĆ©e comportant au moins une paroi latĆ©rale reliant ces parois, au moins certains de ces fils de chaĆ®ne et/ou de trame sont placĆ©s Ć  la fois dans au moins une de ces parois et dans ladite paroi latĆ©rale, lesdits fils Ć©tant continus,In a more general manner, the walls having identical armor, the lengths of the warp and / or weft threads may be different, one of these walls being longer. the woven structure comprising at least one side wall connecting these walls, at least some of these warp and / or weft threads are placed both in at least one of these walls and in said side wall, said threads being continuous,
Dans ce mode de rƩalisation particulier, la structure tissƩe est au moins partiellement fermƩe. La continuitƩ des fils de chaƮne et/ou de trame sur tout ou partie des parois supƩrieure, infƩrieure et latƩrale assure une rƩsistance mƩcanique de la structure tissƩe supƩrieure. la densitƩ de fils de liage est supƩrieure Ơ 1 fil/10 cm2, Cependant cette densitƩ de fils de liage dƩpend des applications envisagƩes pour la structure tissƩe. Cette densitƩ de fils de liage peut donc varier de un fil/10 cm2 Ơ plusieurs centaines de fils/cm2.In this particular embodiment, the woven structure is at least partially closed. The continuity of the warp and / or weft threads on everything or part of the upper, lower and lateral walls provides mechanical strength of the upper woven structure. the density of binding yarns is greater than 1 yarn / 10 cm 2 , However, this density of binding yarns depends on the applications envisaged for the woven structure. This density of binding yarns can therefore vary from one yarn / 10 cm 2 to several hundred yarns / cm 2 .
- les fils de liage sont flexibles,the binding threads are flexible,
A titre illustratif, ces fils de liage sont choisis dans le groupe comprenant des fils monofilament, des fils multi filaments, du fil simple ou rotor, des fils comprenant des fibres agglomĆ©rĆ©es, des fils plats, des fils mĆ©talliques flexibles, des fils gainĆ©s, c'est-Ć -dire comportant chacun un fil d'Ć¢me et une gaine rĆ©alisĆ©e en matĆ©riau thermoplastique, et des combinaisons de ces Ć©lĆ©ments.By way of illustration, these binding yarns are chosen from the group consisting of monofilament yarns, multi-filament yarns, single or rotor yarn, yarns comprising agglomerated fibers, flat yarns, flexible metal yarns, sheathed yarns, i.e. each having a core wire and a sheath made of thermoplastic material, and combinations of these elements.
On entend par "fil plat", un produit extrudĆ© au travers d'une filiĆØre, Ć©tirĆ© ou autre dont la section transversale pleine et sensiblement constante sur toute sa longueur est en forme d'ovale, de carrĆ©, de rectangle, de cercle aplati et de carrĆ© ou rectangle modifiĆ©, c'est-Ć -dire ayant deux cotĆ©s opposĆ©s ayant une forme d'arc convexe, les deux autres Ć©tant rectilignes, Ć©gaux et parallĆØles. Ces fils plats pourraient encore ĆŖtre creux et prĆ©senter, Ć  titre illustratif, une section tubulaire aplatie.The term "flat wire" means an extruded product through a die, drawn or otherwise whose solid and substantially constant cross section over its entire length is in the shape of an oval, a square, a rectangle, a flattened circle and square or modified rectangle, that is to say having two opposite sides having a convex arc shape, the other two being rectilinear, equal and parallel. These flat wires may still be hollow and have, for illustrative purposes, a flattened tubular section.
L'invention concerne aussi un rƩcipient souple. Selon l'invention, ce rƩservoir comprend une structure telle que dƩcrite prƩcƩdemment.The invention also relates to a flexible container. According to the invention, this reservoir comprises a structure as described above.
De prƩfƩrence, cette structure est Ʃtanche. Pour cela, les parois peuvent avoir ƩtƩ enduites d'un matƩriau d'ƩtanchƩitƩ tel qu'un matƩriau Ơ base de polychlorure de vinyle (PVC) ou de polyurƩthane, et encore mieux un matƩriau Ơ base de PVC plastifiƩ ignifugƩ.Preferably, this structure is waterproof. For this, the walls may have been coated with a sealing material such as a material based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane, and more preferably a material based on PVC plasticized flame retardant.
S'agissant d'un coussin gonflable utilisable par exemple pour le levage d'un avion sorti de piste, le rĆ©cipient comportera une lisiĆØre, une zone destinĆ©e Ć  former un arrondi lorsque le rĆ©cipient est sous pression et une zone centrale plane. Il pourra comprendre de plus des poignĆ©es pour permettre le dĆ©placement de ce coussin.In the case of an airbag that can be used, for example, for lifting an aircraft out of the runway, the container will comprise a selvedge, a zone intended to form a flare when the container is under pressure and a flat central zone. It may further include handles to allow the displacement of this cushion.
L'invention concerne Ʃgalement un panneau comprenant au moins deux parois espacƩes l'une de l'autre. Selon l'invention, ces deux parois sont formƩes par une structure telle que dƩcrite prƩcƩdemment.The invention also relates to a panel comprising at least two walls spaced from one another. According to the invention, these two walls are formed by a structure as described above.
L'ensemble de la structure peut ĆŖtre noyĆ©e dans une rĆ©sine durcie. Alternativement, les fils de liage et les fils constitutifs des parois ayant Ć©tĆ© prĆ©-imprĆ©gnĆ©s, la structure tissĆ©e est polymĆ©risĆ©e.The entire structure can be embedded in a hardened resin. Alternatively, the bonding son and the constituent son of the walls having been pre-impregnated, the woven structure is polymerized.
Par exemple, ces fils peuvent ĆŖtre prĆ©-imprĆ©gnĆ©s avec une rĆ©sine thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, et notamment une rĆ©sine thermoplastique thermostable telles que celle des familles des polyĆ©therimides (PEI), des polyĆ©therĆ©thercĆ©tones (PEEK) ou des polyamides (PA).For example, these yarns may be pre-impregnated with a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, and in particular a thermostable thermoplastic resin such as that of the families of polyetherimides (PEI), polyetheretherketones (PEEK) or polyamides (PA).
Les opƩrations de polymƩrisation sont des processus bien connus de l'Ʃtat de l'art qui ne seront pas dƩcrits Ơ nouveau ici. On citera simplement Ơ titre purement illustratif, le procƩdƩ de moulage par transfert de rƩsine (RTM) ou encore le procƩdƩ de moulage par infusion de rƩsine liquide (LRI). Bien entendu, on cherchera Ơ maintenir les portions flottantes des fils de liage rectilignes durant la polymƩrisation. On Ʃvitera pour cela de comprimer la structure tissƩe lors de l'Ʃtape d'imprƩgnation de celle-ci avec une rƩsine.Polymerization operations are well known processes of the state of the art that will not be described again here. The resin transfer molding process (RTM) or the liquid resin infusion molding (LRI) process is merely illustrative. Of course, it will be sought to maintain the floating portions of the rectilinear bonding son during the polymerization. For this purpose, it will be avoided to compress the woven structure during the step of impregnating it with a resin.
Le panneau de la prƩsente invention prƩsente avantageusement de bonnes propriƩtƩs mƩcaniques dans le plan de chaque paroi mais aussi dans une direction perpendiculaire Ơ ces parois en raison des fils de liage reliant ces parois.The panel of the present invention advantageously has good mechanical properties in the plane of each wall but also in a direction perpendicular to these walls because of the binding son connecting these walls.
L'invention concerne un navire ƩquipƩ d'au moins un panneau tel que dƩcrit prƩcƩdemment.The invention relates to a vessel equipped with at least one panel as described above.
L'invention concerne un aƩronef ƩquipƩ d'au moins un panneau tel que dƩcrit prƩcƩdemment. Ledit au moins un panneau peut faire partie du fuselage de l'avion ou encore du radƓme.The invention relates to an aircraft equipped with at least one panel as described above. Said at least one panel can be part of the fuselage of the aircraft or the radome.
L'invention concerne encore un objet d'amĆ©nagement intĆ©rieur ou extĆ©rieur tel qu'un siĆØge rempli de billes de polystyrĆØne, du mobilier, une couette remplie de mousse ou de duvet, ... Selon l'invention, cet objet d'amĆ©nagement comporte une structure telle que dĆ©crite prĆ©cĆ©demment.The invention also relates to an interior or exterior furnishing object such as a seat filled with polystyrene beads, furniture, a duvet filled with foam or down, ... According to the invention, this object of arrangement comprises a structure as described above.
L'invention concerne de maniĆØre plus gĆ©nĆ©rale tout article manufacturĆ© Ć©quipĆ© d'une structure telle que dĆ©crite prĆ©cĆ©demment.The invention more generally relates to any manufactured article equipped with a structure as described above.
L'invention sera dƩcrite plus en dƩtail en rƩfƩrence aux dessins annexƩs dans lesquels: - la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un coussin de levage de l'art antƩrieur ;The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a sectional view of a lifting cushion of the prior art;
- la figure 2 montre un empilement de coussins de levage de la Figure 1 placƩ sous une aile d'un aƩronef sorti de piste en vue de son relevage ; - la figure 3 montre en perspective un panneau selon un mode de rƩalisation prƩfƩrƩe de l'invention ;- Figure 2 shows a stack of lifting cushions of Figure 1 placed under a wing of an aircraft out of the airstrip for its lifting; - Figure 3 shows in perspective a panel according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon l'axe A-A de la structure tissƩe utilisƩe pour la fabrication du panneau de la Figure 3 ;- Figure 4 is a sectional view along the axis A-A of the woven structure used for the manufacture of the panel of Figure 3;
- la figure 5 est une reprƩsentation schƩmatique de la variation de la longueur entre deux laissƩs consƩcutifs d'un fil de liage de la structure tissƩe de la Figure 4 dans le sens de la chaƮne ;- Figure 5 is a schematic representation of the variation in the length between two consecutive leashes of a binding yarn of the woven structure of Figure 4 in the direction of the chain;
- la figure 6 reprƩsente schƩmatiquement l'armure de la structure tissƩe de la Figure 4 ;- Figure 6 schematically shows the weave of the woven structure of Figure 4;
- la figure 7 reprƩsente schƩmatiquement un temple utilisƩ dans la fabrication de la structure tissƩe de la Figure 4 ;- Figure 7 schematically shows a temple used in the manufacture of the woven structure of Figure 4;
La Figure 3 montre une vue en perspective d'un panneau selon un mode de rƩalisation prƩfƩrƩ de l'invention. Ce panneau est constituƩ d'une structure tissƩe 10 noyƩe dans une gangue durcie d'une rƩsine thermodurcissable telle qu'une rƩsine epoxyde.Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a panel according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. This panel consists of a woven structure 10 embedded in a gangue hardened with a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin.
La Figure 4 est une vue en coupe de la structure tissĆ©e 10 ayant servi Ć  la fabrication du panneau de la Figure 3. La structure tissĆ©e 10 est d'une seule piĆØce et est constituĆ©e Ć  partir de fils formĆ©s de fibres de carbone.Figure 4 is a sectional view of the woven structure used in the manufacture of the panel of Figure 3. The woven structure 10 is in one piece and is formed from carbon fiber yarns.
Cette structure tissƩe 10 comporte deux parois tissƩes 11 , 12 qui sont reliƩes l'une Ơ l'autre par des fils de liage 13 non rapportƩs. La paroi supƩrieure 1 1 est inclinƩe et forme un angle par rapport Ơ la paroi infƩrieure 12 qui est horizontale.This woven structure 10 comprises two woven walls 11, 12 which are connected to one another by non-reported binding threads 13. The upper wall 1 1 is inclined and forms an angle relative to the bottom wall 12 which is horizontal.
Ces deux parois 11 , 12 sont continues et planes. Elles sont reliĆ©es Ć  chacune de leurs extrĆ©mitĆ©s par une partie tissĆ©e 14, 15 destinĆ©e Ć  prĆ©senter une forme arrondie ou sensiblement arrondie aprĆØs polymĆ©risation, de sorte que le panneau forme un objet fermĆ©.These two walls 11, 12 are continuous and flat. They are connected at each of their ends by a woven portion 14, 15 intended to have a rounded or substantially rounded shape after polymerization, so that the panel forms a closed object.
Ces deux parois 11 , 12 prĆ©sentent une armure toile 1 Ć  1 avec un nombre de fils de chaĆ®ne supĆ©rieur Ć  10 fils/cm et un nombre de fils de trame supĆ©rieur Ć  6 fils/cm de maniĆØre Ć  assurer une bonne Ć©tanchĆ©ification de la structure tissĆ©e. La figure 5 montre la variation de la longueur (axe Y, 16) d'un fil de liage entre deux laissĆ©s consĆ©cutifs dans le sens de la chaĆ®ne qui est ici dans la longueur du panneau (axe X, 17).These two walls 11, 12 have a lining 1 to 1 with a number of warp son greater than 10 son / cm and a number of weft son greater than 6 son / cm so as to ensure good sealing of the woven structure . Figure 5 shows the variation of the length (Y axis, 16) of a binding yarn between two consecutive leashes in the warp direction which is here in the length of the panel (X axis, 17).
Chacun de ces deux laissƩs correspondant Ơ un pris, ou fil de liage liƩ, par un fil de trame d'une paroi diffƩrente, ces parois sont liƩes entre elles. Entre ces deux laissƩs consƩcutifs, le fil de liage 13 correspondant est flottant, c'est-Ơ-dire qu'il prƩsente une portion de fil flottante.Each of these two left corresponding to a taken, or bound binding wire, by a weft wire of a different wall, these walls are interconnected. Between these two consecutive leashes, the binding yarn 13 corresponding is floating, that is to say it has a portion of floating yarn.
Cette variation de longueur (Ī”L) dans le sens de la chaĆ®ne est donc calculĆ©e en effectuant la diffĆ©rence entre les longueurs de deux portions flottantes d'un mĆŖme fil de liage se suivant immĆ©diatement dans le sens de la chaĆ®ne.This variation in length (Ī”L) in the warp direction is thus calculated by making the difference between the lengths of two floating portions of the same binding thread immediately following in the direction of the warp.
Il ressort de la Figure 5 que la variation de longueur d'un fil de liage 13 entre deux laissĆ©s consĆ©cutifs, dans le sens de la chaĆ®ne de la structure tissĆ©e suit une droite 18. Cette variation est par consĆ©quent progressive, c'est-Ć -dire continue et rĆ©guliĆØre.It can be seen from FIG. 5 that the variation in the length of a binding yarn 13 between two consecutive leashs, in the warp direction of the woven structure, follows a straight line 18. This variation is therefore progressive, that is to say say continuous and regular.
De maniĆØre plus gĆ©nĆ©rale, ce qui vient d'ĆŖtre dĆ©montrĆ© dans le cas d'un fil de chaĆ®ne supplĆ©mentaire qui est un fil de liage pourrait ĆŖtre appliquĆ© Ć  un fil de trame supplĆ©mentaire. De mĆŖme, la structure tissĆ©e comportant plusieurs fils de liage dans le sens de la chaĆ®ne ou de la trame, on pourrait dĆ©montrer la variation continue des longueurs des portions flottantes successives dans une direction donnĆ©e, chacune de ces portions appartenant Ć  un fil de liage diffĆ©rent. Ces directions pourraient ĆŖtre celles de la trame, de la chaĆ®ne ou encore selon une diagonale. Dans ce dernier cas, les portions flottantes pourraient ĆŖtre dĆ©calĆ©es les unes par rapport aux autres, par exemple, disposĆ©es en quinconce.More generally, what has just been demonstrated in the case of an additional warp which is a binding yarn could be applied to an additional weft yarn. Similarly, the woven structure comprising several son of bonding in the direction of the warp or the weft, it would be possible to demonstrate the continuous variation of the lengths of the successive floating portions in a given direction, each of these portions belonging to a different binding yarn. . These directions could be those of the frame, the chain or a diagonal. In the latter case, the floating portions could be offset relative to each other, for example, arranged in staggered rows.
Cette structure tissĆ©e a Ć©tĆ© obtenue selon le procĆ©dĆ© de fabrication dĆ©crit ci-aprĆØs.This woven structure was obtained according to the manufacturing method described below.
On commence Ơ tisser simultanƩment les parois en tissant une nappe supƩrieure 11 et une nappe infƩrieure 12 suivant l'armure fondamentale de chacune de ces parois, le fil de liage 13 Ʃtant uniquement liƩ Ơ l'armure fondamentale de la nappe supƩrieure 11. Au moment de relier ces deux parois par ledit au moins un fil de liage 13, c'est-Ơ-dire avant de lier le fil de liage dans la nappe infƩrieure, on interrompt le tissage et on introduit dans la zone de tissage une tige 19 dƩnommƩe temple, pour venir tirer uniquement ledit au moins un fil de liage 13. La longueur du fil de liage ainsi tirƩe est placƩe au-dessus de la nappe supƩrieure 11.We begin to weave the walls simultaneously by weaving an upper sheet 11 and a lower sheet 12 according to the basic weave of each of these walls, the binding yarn 13 being only connected to the basic weave of the upper sheet 11. At the moment to connect these two walls by said at least one binding yarn 13, that is to say before binding the binding yarn in the lower sheet, interrupting the weaving and is introduced into the weaving area a rod 19 called temple, to come and shoot only said at least one binding yarn 13. The length of the binding yarn thus drawn is placed above the upper sheet 11.
Bien entendu, il serait possible de procĆ©der symĆ©triquement et de tirer le fil de liage sous la nappe infĆ©rieure aprĆØs avoir insĆ©rĆ© celui-ci dans cette nappe et avant de le lier Ć  l'armure fondamentale de la nappe supĆ©rieure.Of course, it would be possible to proceed symmetrically and draw the binding yarn under the lower sheet after having inserted it into this sheet and before binding it to the basic armor of the upper sheet.
Sur la Figure 4, on peut constater que la rangƩe 21 de l'armure correspond schƩmatiquement au remplacement d'une duite, c'est-Ơ-dire d'une phase de tissage, par l'introduction dans la zone de tissage du temple pour tirer les fils de liage numƩrotƩs 5 et 6, en regard chacun d'une colonne verticale. Les fils de chaƮne numƩrotƩs 1 et 3 correspondent au fils de chaƮne de la nappe infƩrieure et les fils de chaƮne numƩrotƩs 2 et 4 correspondent au fils de chaƮne de la nappe supƩrieure.In Figure 4, it can be seen that the row 21 of the armor corresponds schematically to the replacement of a pick, that is to say a weaving phase, by the introduction into the weaving area of the temple to draw the binding yarns numbered 5 and 6, facing each of a vertical column. The warp threads numbered 1 and 3 correspond to the warp thread of the lower ply and the warp threads numbered 2 and 4 correspond to the warp thread of the upper ply.
Cette longueur ainsi tirƩe du fil de liage ainsi que la distance sƩparant les nappes supƩrieure et infƩrieure correspond Ơ la distance sƩparant les parois de la structure tissƩe finale au niveau de cette liaison des parois par ledit au moins un fil de liage.This length thus drawn from the binding yarn and the distance separating the upper and lower plies corresponds to the distance separating the walls of the final woven structure at this connection of the walls by said at least one binding yarn.
Une fois le fil de liage tirƩ Ơ la bonne longueur, le temple est sorti de la zone de tissage et on reprend normalement la fabrication des parois tissƩes jusqu'Ơ la prochaine liaison des parois par ce fil de liage. Ces fils de liage 13 sont donc tirƩs sur le dessus (ou symƩtriquement, au-dessous) des deux nappes formant les parois supƩrieure 11 et infƩrieureOnce the binding yarn pulled to the right length, the temple is out of the weaving area and normally resumes the manufacture of the woven walls until the next binding of the walls by the binding thread. These binding son 13 are drawn on the top (or symmetrically, below) of the two layers forming the upper walls 11 and lower
12 de la structure tissƩe et ils sont donc placƩs en partie Ơ l'extƩrieur de la structure tissƩe.12 of the woven structure and they are placed partly outside the woven structure.
Ces fils de liage sont ensuite rentrƩs dans la structure tissƩe en Ʃcartant les nappes l'une de l'autre.These binding son are then returned to the woven structure by spreading the webs one from the other.
La tige 19 prƩsente avantageusement sur un de ses bords une surface rugueuse ou un rƩseau de rainures verticales 20 destinƩes Ơ recevoir chacune un fil de liage de sorte que les fils de liage ne puissent glisser Ơ la surface de la tige 19 lors de l'Ʃtape de tirage dudit au moins un fil de liage. Elle est de plus avantageusement mobile en translation dans un plan horizontale 21 , 22.The rod 19 advantageously has on one of its edges a rough surface or an array of vertical grooves 20 intended to each receive a binding yarn so that the binding yarns can not slide on the surface of the rod 19 during the step pulling said at least one binding yarn. It is moreover advantageously movable in translation in a horizontal plane 21, 22.
Les parois 11 , 12 Ć©tant ici planes, la tige 19 a un diamĆØtre uniforme et ne prĆ©sente pas de relief de surface (Fig. 7). Lorsque l'on souhaitera donner une forme particuliĆØre Ć  l'une des parois de la structure tissĆ©e, la tige comportera un relief de surface sur le bord comprenant la surface rugueuse ou le rĆ©seau de rainures, ce relief constituant une empreinte du relief Ć  confĆ©rer Ć  la paroi au niveau des fils de liage ainsi tirĆ©s. Bien entendu, il pourra ĆŖtre nĆ©cessaire de changer le temple entre les Ć©tapes de tirage des fils de liage pour construire au fur et Ć  mesure du tissage de la structure tissĆ©e, la forme dĆ©finitive de cette paroi.The walls 11, 12 being here flat, the rod 19 has a uniform diameter and does not have a surface relief (FIG 7). When one wishes to give a particular shape to one of the walls of the woven structure, the rod will comprise a surface relief on the edge comprising the rough surface or the network of grooves, this relief constituting an impression of the relief to be imparted to the wall at the level of the binding threads thus drawn. Of course, it may be necessary to change the temple between the steps of drawing binding son to build as weaving of the woven structure, the final shape of the wall.
De maniĆØre plus gĆ©nĆ©rale, l'invention concerne un procĆ©dĆ© de tissage d'au moins deux nappes liĆ©es entre elles par au moins un fil de liage. Selon l'invention, a) on initie le tissage de ces nappes en insĆ©rant dans l'armure fondamentale d'une premiĆØre nappe au moins un fil de chaĆ®ne ou duite supplĆ©mentaire, ce dernier ou cette derniĆØre constituant ledit fil de liage, b) avant introduction dudit au moins un fil de liage dans l'armure fondamentale de la deuxiĆØme nappe, on suspend le tissage de ces nappes, c) on tire ledit au moins un fil de liage du cĆ“tĆ© de la deuxiĆØme nappe en plaƧant au moins une partie de la longueur tirĆ©e Ć  l'extĆ©rieur de l'ensemble formĆ© par ces nappes ainsi reliĆ©es, d) puis, on reprend le tissage des nappes en introduisant ledit au moins un fil de liage dans l'armure fondamentale de la deuxiĆØme nappe,More generally, the invention relates to a method of weaving at least two sheets interconnected by at least one binding yarn. According to the invention, a) the weaving of these plies is initiated by inserting into the basic weave of a first ply at least one additional warp or suture, the latter constituting said binding yarn, b) before introducing said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave of the second ply, suspending the weaving of these plies, c) drawing said at least one binding yarn from the side of the second ply by placing at least a portion of the length drawn outside the assembly formed by these plies thus connected, d) then, we resume the weaving of the plies by introducing said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave of the second ply,
- avant chaque nouvelle introduction dudit au moins un fil de liage dans l'armure fondamentale d'une de ces nappes, on rĆ©pĆØte le cycle suivant : e) on suspend le tissage des nappes, f) on tire ledit au moins un fil de liage en plaƧant au moins une partie de la longueur tirĆ©e Ć  l'extĆ©rieur de l'ensemble formĆ© par ces nappes ainsi reliĆ©es, cette longueur ainsi tirĆ©e pouvant ĆŖtre placĆ©e au-dessus ou en dessous, g) puis, on reprend le tissage des nappes en introduisant ledit au moins un fil de liage dans l'armure fondamentale de ladite nappe.before each new introduction of the said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave of one of these plies, the following cycle is repeated: e) the weaving of the plies is stopped, f) the said at least one binding yarn is pulled placing at least a portion of the length drawn outside of the assembly formed by these plies thus connected, this length thus drawn being able to be placed above or below, g) then, the weaving of the plies is repeated. introducing said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave of said web.
Le tirage dudit au moins un fil de liage est rĆ©alisĆ© avec un Ć©lĆ©ment de prĆ©hension qui peut ĆŖtre un temple comme dĆ©crit prĆ©cĆ©demment ou un ensemble d'aiguilles pourvues Ć  leur extrĆ©mitĆ© d'un crochet, chacune de ces aiguilles permettant de tirer un seul fil de liage. Ces aiguilles sont actionnĆ©es par des Ć©lectroaimants ou piston hydraulique ou pneumatique. Elles sont de plus aptes Ć  un mouvement en translation.The drawing of the at least one binding thread is carried out with a gripping element which may be a temple as described above or a set of needles provided at their end with a hook, each of these needles making it possible to draw a single thread of bonding. These needles are actuated by electromagnets or hydraulic or pneumatic piston. They are more apt to move in translation.
Le procĆ©dĆ© de l'invention est applicable Ć  la rĆ©alisation de piĆØces composites de tĆ“leries ainsi que des piĆØces structurales entrant dans la rĆ©alisation des avions, par exemple fuselages ou parties de fuselage telles que les ailes d'un avion ou le radĆ“me. Il est aussi possible de rĆ©aliser des rĆ©servoirs de propulseurs ou des jupes de rĆ©servoirs.The method of the invention is applicable to the production of composite parts of sheet metal as well as structural parts entering the realization of aircraft, for example fuselages or parts of fuselage such as the wings of an aircraft or the radome. It is also possible to make propeller tanks or tank skirts.
Des applications maritimes sont envisageables, Ơ titre illustratif, la rƩalisation de coques de bateaux, de containers, de flotteurs, ... Maritime applications are conceivable, for illustrative purposes, the realization of hulls of boats, containers, floats, ...

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Structure tissƩe comprenant au moins deux parois tissƩes (11 , 12) reliƩes l'une Ơ l'autre par au moins un fil de liage non rapportƩ (13), caractƩrisƩe en ce que la variation de la longueur entre deux laissƩs consƩcutifs dudit au moins un fil de liage (13), chacun desdits laissƩs correspondant Ơ un pris par un fil de trame d'une paroi diffƩrente, est continue sur au moins une partie de ladite structure dans le sens de la chaƮne et/ou dans le sens de la trame. A woven structure comprising at least two woven walls (11, 12) connected to each other by at least one unrelated binding yarn (13), characterized in that the variation of the length between two consecutive leashes of said at least one binding yarn (13), each of said leashes corresponding to one taken by a weft yarn of a different wall, is continuous on at least a part of said structure in the direction of the warp and / or in the direction of the frame.
2. Structure selon la revendication 1 , caractĆ©risĆ©e en ce qu'elle comporte une paroi supĆ©rieure (11 ), une paroi intermĆ©diaire et une paroi infĆ©rieure (12), lesdites parois Ć©tant superposĆ©es, au moins un premier fil de liage reliant lesdites parois supĆ©rieure et intermĆ©diaire, et au moins un deuxiĆØme fil de liage reliant lesdites parois infĆ©rieure et intermĆ©diaire, au moins un desdits premier et deuxiĆØme fils de liage prĆ©sentant une variation de longueur entre deux laissĆ©s consĆ©cutifs, chacun desdits laissĆ©s correspondant Ć  un pris par un fil de trame d'une paroi diffĆ©rente, qui est continue sur au moins une partie de ladite structure dans le sens de la chaĆ®ne et/ou dans le sens de la trame. 2. Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an upper wall (11), an intermediate wall and a bottom wall (12), said walls being superimposed, at least a first binding yarn connecting said upper and lower walls. intermediate, and at least one second binding yarn connecting said lower and intermediate walls, at least one of said first and second binding yarn having a variation in length between two consecutive leashes, each of said leash corresponding to one taken by a weft yarn a different wall, which is continuous on at least a part of said structure in the direction of the warp and / or in the weft direction.
3. Structure tissƩe comprenant au moins une paroi tissƩe supƩrieure3. Woven structure comprising at least one upper woven wall
(11 ) et une paroi tissƩe infƩrieure (12) qui sont reliƩes l'une Ơ l'autre par au moins un fil de liage non rapportƩ (13), caractƩrisƩe en ce que ledit au moins un fil de liage (13) prƩsentant plusieurs portions flottantes dans le sens de la trame, chacune de ces portions correspondant audit au moins un fil de liage (13) liƩ d'une part par au moins deux fils de chaƮne de la paroi supƩrieure et d'autre part par au moins deux fils de chaƮne de la paroi infƩrieure, la variation de la longueur desdites portions flottantes est continue sur au moins une partie de ladite structure tissƩe dans le sens de la trame et/ou de la chaƮne. (11) and a lower woven wall (12) which are connected to one another by at least one unrelated binding yarn (13), characterized in that said at least one binding yarn (13) having a plurality of floating portions in the weft direction, each of these portions corresponding to said at least one binding yarn (13) connected on the one hand by at least two warp yarns of the upper wall and on the other hand by at least two yarns chain of the lower wall, the variation of the length of said floating portions is continuous over at least a portion of said woven structure in the direction of the frame and / or the chain.
4. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 Ć  3, caractĆ©risĆ©e en ce que lesdits fils de liage (13) Ć©tant sous tension, au moins une majoritĆ© des longueurs entre deux laissĆ©s consĆ©cutifs desdits fils de liage (13) sont rectilignes en Ć©tant espacĆ©s rĆ©guliĆØrement ou non.4. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said binding yarns (13) being under tension, at least a majority of the lengths between two consecutive leashes of said binding yarns (13) are straight in being spaced regularly or not.
5. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 Ơ 4, caractƩrisƩe en ce que la longueur des fils de chaƮne et/ou des fils de trame d'au moins une desdites parois (11 , 12) est diffƩrente de la longueur fils de chaƮne et/ou des fils de trame des autres parois (11 , 12).5. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the length of the warp son and / or weft son at least one of said walls (11, 12) is different from the length of the warp threads and / or the weft threads of the other walls (11, 12).
6. Structure selon la revendication 5, caractƩrisƩe en ce que lesdites parois (11 , 12) prƩsentent des armures diffƩrentes. 6. Structure according to claim 5, characterized in that said walls (11, 12) have different armor.
7. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 Ơ 6, caractƩrisƩe en ce que lesdites parois (11 , 12) sont continues ou non.7. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said walls (11, 12) are continuous or not.
8. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 Ć  7, caractĆ©risĆ©e en ce que ladite structure est d'une seule piĆØce.8. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said structure is in one piece.
9. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 Ơ 7, caractƩrisƩe en ce que lesdites parois (11 , 12) et/ou lesdits fils de liage (13) sont rƩalisƩs dans des matƩriaux diffƩrents.9. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said walls (11, 12) and / or said binding son (13) are made of different materials.
10. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 Ơ 9, caractƩrisƩe en ce que lesdits fils de liage (13) sont choisis dans le groupe comprenant des fils monofilament, des fils multi filaments, des fils comprenant des fibres agglomƩrƩes, des fils plats, des fils mƩtalliques flexibles et des combinaisons de ces ƩlƩments.10. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said binding yarns (13) are selected from the group consisting of monofilament yarns, multi-filament yarns, yarns comprising agglomerated fibers, flat yarns flexible metal wires and combinations of these elements.
11. Structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 Ơ 10, caractƩrisƩe en ce que ladite structure tissƩe comportant au moins une paroi latƩrale (14, 15) reliant lesdites parois (11 , 12), au moins certains desdits fils de chaƮne et/ou de trame sont placƩs Ơ la fois dans au moins une desdites parois (11 , 12) et dans ladite paroi latƩrale (14, 15), lesdits fils Ʃtant continus.11. Structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said woven structure comprising at least one side wall (14, 15) connecting said walls (11, 12), at least some of said warp son and / or weft are placed both in at least one of said walls (11, 12) and in said side wall (14, 15), said son being continuous.
12. RƩcipient souple, caractƩrisƩ en ce qu'il comprend une structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 Ơ 11.12. Flexible container, characterized in that it comprises a structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. RƩcipient selon la revendication 12, caractƩrisƩ en ce que ladite structure est de plus Ʃtanche.13. Container according to claim 12, characterized in that said structure is more waterproof.
14. RĆ©cipient selon la revendication 13, caractĆ©risĆ© en ce qu'il comporte une lisiĆØre, une zone destinĆ©e Ć  former un arrondi lorsque le rĆ©cipient est sous pression et une zone centrale plane pour former un coussin gonflable. 14. Container according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises a selvedge, a zone intended to form a rounded shape when the container is under pressure and a flat central zone to form an airbag.
15. Panneau comprenant au moins deux parois espacƩes l'une de l'autre, caractƩrisƩ en ce que lesdites deux parois (11 , 12) sont formƩes par une structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 Ơ 11.15. Panel comprising at least two walls spaced apart from each other, characterized in that said two walls (11, 12) are formed by a structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
16. Navire ƩquipƩ d'au moins un panneau selon la revendication 15.16. Ship equipped with at least one panel according to claim 15.
17. AƩronef ƩquipƩ d'au moins un panneau selon la revendication 15. Aircraft equipped with at least one panel according to claim 15.
18. Objet d'amƩnagement intƩrieur ou extƩrieur caractƩrisƩ en ce qu'i comporte une structure selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 Ơ 11 18. Interior or exterior furnishing object characterized in that i comprises a structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11
EP20090706322 2008-01-29 2009-01-28 Woven structure and panel or vessel including such structure Active EP2257665B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09706322T PL2257665T3 (en) 2008-01-29 2009-01-28 Woven structure and panel or vessel including such structure
SI200930668T SI2257665T1 (en) 2008-01-29 2009-01-28 Woven structure and panel or vessel including such structure
CY20131100645T CY1114245T1 (en) 2008-01-29 2013-07-26 WEAVING STRUCTURE AND TABLE OR BINDER CONTAINING A COMPLETE STRUCTURE

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0850541A FR2926821B1 (en) 2008-01-29 2008-01-29 WOVEN STRUCTURE AND PANEL OR CONTAINER COMPRISING SUCH A STRUCTURE
PCT/EP2009/050938 WO2009095404A1 (en) 2008-01-29 2009-01-28 Woven structure and panel or vessel including such structure

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EP2257665A1 true EP2257665A1 (en) 2010-12-08
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EP (1) EP2257665B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5424214B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101583849B1 (en)
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AU (1) AU2009209638B2 (en)
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CA (1) CA2713213C (en)
CY (1) CY1114245T1 (en)
DK (1) DK2257665T3 (en)
EA (1) EA023424B1 (en)
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FR (1) FR2926821B1 (en)
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IL (1) IL207291A (en)
MA (1) MA33019B1 (en)
MX (1) MX2010008162A (en)
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NZ (1) NZ587692A (en)
PL (1) PL2257665T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2257665E (en)
SG (1) SG190574A1 (en)
SI (1) SI2257665T1 (en)
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CN103266390B (en) * 2013-06-06 2015-09-02 å‰ęž—å¤§å­¦ A kind of Blockette multi-level inflation composite structure fabric
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SG190574A1 (en) 2013-06-28
MX2010008162A (en) 2010-10-06
JP5424214B2 (en) 2014-02-26
AU2009209638A1 (en) 2009-08-06
KR20100115770A (en) 2010-10-28
PT2257665E (en) 2013-08-05
JP2011511173A (en) 2011-04-07
US20100327243A1 (en) 2010-12-30
EA201070894A8 (en) 2015-06-30
EA201070894A1 (en) 2011-02-28
KR101583849B1 (en) 2016-01-08
IL207291A0 (en) 2010-12-30
EP2257665B1 (en) 2013-05-01
MY153368A (en) 2015-01-29
SI2257665T1 (en) 2013-10-30
ES2423891T3 (en) 2013-09-25
NZ587692A (en) 2013-07-26
WO2009095404A1 (en) 2009-08-06
CY1114245T1 (en) 2016-08-31
PL2257665T3 (en) 2013-10-31
ZA201005966B (en) 2012-01-25
UA99641C2 (en) 2012-09-10
AU2009209638B2 (en) 2014-12-11
CA2713213C (en) 2016-06-21
EA023424B1 (en) 2016-06-30
BRPI0906384A2 (en) 2015-07-07
CA2713213A1 (en) 2009-08-06
MA33019B1 (en) 2012-02-01
IL207291A (en) 2013-04-30
EG25936A (en) 2012-11-05
DK2257665T3 (en) 2013-08-12
FR2926821B1 (en) 2010-04-02
FR2926821A1 (en) 2009-07-31
CN101965421B (en) 2013-01-02
CN101965421A (en) 2011-02-02
HRP20130726T1 (en) 2013-10-11

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