EP2260133B1 - Weaving method and loom for implementing this method - Google Patents

Weaving method and loom for implementing this method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2260133B1
EP2260133B1 EP09705577.6A EP09705577A EP2260133B1 EP 2260133 B1 EP2260133 B1 EP 2260133B1 EP 09705577 A EP09705577 A EP 09705577A EP 2260133 B1 EP2260133 B1 EP 2260133B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laps
weaving
binding thread
pulled
binding
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EP09705577.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2260133A1 (en
Inventor
Georges-Paul Deschamps
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Deschamps SARL
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Deschamps SARL
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D11/00Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D25/00Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D25/005Three-dimensional woven fabrics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D41/00Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
    • D03D41/004Looms for three-dimensional fabrics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03JAUXILIARY WEAVING APPARATUS; WEAVERS' TOOLS; SHUTTLES
    • D03J1/00Auxiliary apparatus combined with or associated with looms
    • D03J1/22Temples
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3179Woven fabric is characterized by a particular or differential weave other than fabric in which the strand denier or warp/weft pick count is specified
    • Y10T442/3187Triaxially woven fabric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a weaving process and a loom for carrying out this method. It relates more particularly to a method of weaving a flexible container.
  • Aircraft lift airbags are known to facilitate the desmiling and recovery of commercial and military aircraft accidentally exited the runway.
  • the Figure 1 is a sectional view of an aircraft lifting cushion of the prior art.
  • This cushion typically comprises two walls 1, 2 woven coated for sealing and vulcanized hot. These woven walls 1, 2 are connected on their periphery by a thickening 3 of rubber.
  • These son 4 are of identical length so as to maintain the walls 1, 2 parallel. This ensures the application of a uniform lifting pressure on the structure of the aircraft under which the cushion is placed.
  • This last point is particularly critical, for example, when lifting fragile elements such as an aircraft wing 5, to avoid the appearance of structural damage ( Fig. 2 ).
  • woven articles having a complex shape such as poufs filled with polystyrene beads, chair covers, etc., result from the assembly of initially separate textile pieces which are then joined, for example, by sewing to confer its definitive form to the article.
  • Premature wear of the article at these areas may result for example in the loss of the filling material of the article.
  • Document is also known US 5,783,279 an apparatus for producing a fiber preform of the kind which comprises at least one flange and at least one web woven integrally with the flange or flanges, wherein said web or web contains a plurality of threads which extend along the zigzag web repeatedly from one flange to the free edge of the web, or to another flange, each of said wires extending between flange wires so as to be interlocked with those flanges; this.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a weaving process and a weaving machine for implementing this simple method in their design and their procedure for manufacturing a woven piece in one piece thus conferring on them mechanical properties superior to known articles of the prior art obtained by assembling elements initially separated by sewing, gluing, ... or by a combination of these methods of assembly.
  • Another object of the invention is a method of weaving an integral woven structure having a complex shape such as a conical or cylindrical shape for the production of composite parts such as radomes, fuselage sections, aircraft, ship hulls or indoor or outdoor furniture.
  • the invention relates to a method of weaving at least two sheets interconnected by at least one binding yarn.
  • the method of the invention makes it possible to manufacture woven structures comprising at least two woven walls connected to one another by at least one non-attached binding thread.
  • This woven structure can be closed or at least partially open. This opening may be placed at any point of the woven structure, that is to say at least at one of its ends, the corresponding edges of these walls not then being interconnected or resulting from the presence of an orifice on at least one of the walls.
  • the section of this woven structure may advantageously have any shape such as a circular, square, rectangular, rhombus, T, U, L, H, I, ... shape after possible cutting. unnecessary warp threads.
  • Unwired binding thread is understood to mean that this thread is not brought back after weaving each of these walls for the assembly of these but on the contrary, it is inserted into the weft of these woven walls as and when they are manufactured.
  • the binding yarn is therefore an integral part of the weave of the two walls on portions thereof.
  • the woven structure thus obtained is in one piece which gives it an increased mechanical resistance to stress.
  • This woven structure can either be in one piece or on the contrary be made of different materials.
  • the warp or weft threads used may, however, be of a different shape, that is to say be monofilament yarn, multi-filament yarn, flat yarn, twisted-fiber yarn, yarn single or rotor, for example, and have different thicknesses or diameters.
  • These yarns may, for example, be cotton yarns, polyester yarns, polyamide yarns, polypropylene yarns, polyethylene yarns, biodegradable starch-based plastic materials, oxodegradable plastics materials, yarns made of carbon, graphite, glass, silica, aramid, ...
  • the walls may furthermore have different dimensions and / or different shapes depending on the application envisaged for the woven structure.
  • the binding threads may advantageously be made of different materials in the weft direction of the woven structure so that this structure has different areas of mechanical strength.
  • temple a rod that can pass under the son of binding so as to ensure the draw thereof.
  • said at least one binder yarn is pulled from the upper and intermediate walls with a first gripping member by placing at least a portion of the length pulled above the upper sheet and pulling said at least one binder yarn from the lower and intermediate walls with a second gripping member by placing at least a portion of the drawn length below the lower ply.
  • said at least one binding yarn and the constituent yarns of these plies are pre-impregnated prior to the beginning of the weaving operations.
  • these yarns may be pre-impregnated with a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, and in particular a thermostable thermoplastic resin such as that of the families of polyetherimides (PEI), polyetheretherketones (PEEK) or polyamides (PA).
  • a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin such as that of the families of polyetherimides (PEI), polyetheretherketones (PEEK) or polyamides (PA).
  • PEI polyetherimides
  • PEEK polyetheretherketones
  • PA polyamides
  • the invention also relates to a loom comprising a weaving zone in which are introduced into at least one upper track and one lower track of the weft son, each of these weft son being introduced between at least two warp son by least one weft insertion element, first means for carrying on one of these channels and determining the position of the warp yarns with respect to the weft yarn and second means for introducing at least one binding yarn above , between and below these pathways.
  • this loom comprises at least one gripping element of said at least one binding yarn and means for moving said at least one gripping element out of and into the weaving zone to place said at least one element gripping means in contact with said at least one binding yarn and allowing drawing of said at least one binding yarn.
  • Said at least one gripping element can be a temple.
  • the edge of this temple intended to receive said at least one binding yarn comprises means for retaining these binding yarns to prevent the yarns from slipping when they are pulled.
  • At least the edge of the temple intended to receive said at least one binding yarn has a shape serving as impression of the relief to give to one of these sheets in line with said at least one binding yarn.
  • Said at least one gripping element may also be a needle having at its end a hook for receiving a binding thread.
  • the loom therefore has as much needle as tying wire to pull.
  • the means for moving each needle comprise, for example, an electromagnet or a hydraulic or pneumatic piston. The movement of these needles is controlled by control means.
  • control means are individual control means of each needle so as to vary the length drawn from one binding thread to another. Each needle is then mobile in translation.
  • this loom is a dry loom, such as a jet loom, a loom (s) or a projectile loom (s).
  • the invention also relates to the use of at least one woven structure obtained by the method or the loom as described above for producing composite parts, in which said at least one woven structure is placed in a mold, and closed. said mold, a matrix material is introduced into said mold and then the assembly thus obtained is hardened.
  • the invention also relates to a composite part comprising a preform obtained by the method or by means of a loom as described above, this preform being embedded in a matrix material.
  • These composite parts are, for example, structural panels for example for vehicles such as aircraft or automobiles. It can still be furniture.
  • the matrix material used is, for example, a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, and in particular a heat-stable thermoplastic resin such as that of the families of polyetherimides (PEI), polyetheretherketones (PEEK) or polyamides (PA).
  • PEI polyetherimides
  • PEEK polyetheretherketones
  • PA polyamides
  • the Figure 3 is a top view of a bladder according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • This flexible reservoir consists of a woven structure comprising two woven walls 10, 11 which are connected to one another by unreported tying son. These walls have been woven in a circular fashion, which gives the container increased mechanical strength since the yarns at each end of the woven structure have not been cut. These two walls 10, 11 are continuous and have several parts going from an edge of the tank towards its center.
  • first part 12 woven flat.
  • This first part 12 forms the edge of the tank.
  • This edge corresponds to the assembly of the two woven walls and delimits the edge of the tank.
  • This edge 12 can receive accessories such as eyelets, ... and stretch the flexible container.
  • the width of this first portion is about 15 cm.
  • a second portion 13 called rounded to give a rounded shape on the contour of the flexible container after filling thereof with a gaseous fluid such as air or with particles such as sand, polystyrene beads, ...
  • this second part 13 makes it possible to size the inflation height of the flexible reservoir.
  • the container is sealed after weaving the woven structure giving the shape of the reservoir by a step of coating this structure with a sealing material such as a material based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane and further better a material based on flame retarded plasticized PVC.
  • a sealing material such as a material based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane and further better a material based on flame retarded plasticized PVC.
  • the plies 11, 12 are separated by being connected to one another by the binding yarns introduced in such a way that alternative in the basic armor of the upper and lower plies.
  • These two walls 11, 12 have a lining 1 to 1 with a number of warp son greater than 10 son / cm and a number of weft son greater than 6 son / cm so as to ensure good sealing of the woven structure .
  • these armor may not be identical.
  • This zone where the plies 10, 11 are connected to one another by the unreported binding yarns constitutes the central portion 14 of the bladder.
  • handles 15 are placed to separate the two plies 10, 11 to return the lengths drawn from the binding son in the assembly formed by these two sheets interconnected.
  • the warp threads of this woven structure are 2354 Dtex multi-filament polyester yarns for the envelope, that is to say the selvedge 12 and second part 13 and the central part 14 and the handles 15.
  • the binder yarns 16 which are here additional warp yarns, 2 x 235 Dtex multi filament polyester yarns are used with 215 S turns.
  • the binder yarn density is typically between one yarn / 10 cm 2 and several hundred threads / cm 2 .
  • the weft yarns are 2354 Dtex multi-filament polyester yarns.
  • the binding yarns are chosen from the group comprising monofilament yarns, multi-filament yarns, single or rotor yarn, yarns comprising agglomerated fibers, flat yarns, flexible metal yarns, sheathed yarns, that is to say each comprising a core wire and a sheath made of thermoplastic material, and combinations of these elements.
  • flat wire means an extruded product through a die, drawn or otherwise whose solid and substantially constant cross section over its entire length is in the shape of an oval, a square, a rectangle, a flattened circle and square or modified rectangle, that is to say having two opposite sides having a convex arc shape, the other two being rectilinear, equal and parallel.
  • These flat wires may still be hollow and have, for illustrative purposes, a flattened tubular section.
  • the warp, weft and binding yarns may, for example, be cotton yarns, polyester yarns, polyamide yarns, polypropylene yarns, polyethylene yarns, biodegradable starch-based plastic materials, plastics materials. oxodegradable, yarns formed of carbon fibers, graphite, glass, silica, aramid, ...
  • the woven structure giving the shape of the reservoir was obtained according to the manufacturing method described below ( Figure 4 ).
  • This length thus drawn from the binding yarns as well as the distance separating the upper and lower plies 10 corresponds to the distance separating the walls of the final reservoir, that is to say its thickness in service.
  • the temple is removed from the weaving zone and the manufacture of the woven walls 10, 11 is normally resumed until the next binding of the walls by these binding threads 16.
  • binding yarns 16 are thus pulled on the top of the two plies forming the upper and lower walls of the woven structure and the lengths thus drawn are thus placed partly outside the woven structure by forming loops 17.
  • the temple can move below the assembly formed by these webs linked together so that these loops 17 are placed partly below this set.
  • binding son 16 are then returned to the woven structure by separating the sheets from one another using the handles 15.
  • the woven structure is coated with a sealing material to form the lifting tank.
  • the Figure 5 shows the weave of this woven structure having a reservoir shape for the manufacture and binding of upper and lower walls 11.
  • This conventionally represented weave comprises ten warp threads, numbered 1 to 10, opposite ten vertical columns and 20 weft yarns, numbered 1 to 20 and a temple actuation in the weaving area numbered 21, next to 21 rows in an evolution of the weave.
  • the warp threads numbered 1 and 3 correspond to the warp threads of the lower ply 11 and the warp threads numbered 2 and 4 correspond to the warp threads of the upper ply 10.
  • the warp threads numbered 5 and 6 correspond to the warp threads.
  • binding and the son numbered 7 and 8 correspond to the warp son of the handles 15.
  • the warp numbered 9 corresponds to the binding yarn of the selvedge 12 and the warp numbered 10 corresponds to the nightingale.
  • the numbered warp thread 4 passes successively (is taken) on the first two weft threads (No. 1 and 2), then passes under (is left) weft thread No. 3, returns to the three weft threads Nos. 4 to 6, then under weft thread No. 7, then again on the three weft threads Nos. 8 to 10, then under the weft thread No. 11, then on the weft threads No. 12 to 14, then under the weft thread No. 15, then passes again on the three weft threads No. 16 to 18 and then passes again on the weft thread No. 19, then under the weft thread N ° 20 and goes over the first two weft threads No. 22 and 23 to the next evolution of the armor.
  • the row 21 of the armor corresponds schematically to the replacement of a pick, that is to say to a weaving phase, by the introduction into the weaving area of the temple to pull the threads of the weave. binding numbered 5 and 6 and the removal of this temple from the weaving area. This corresponds to the level of the loom at the non-propulsion of the shuttle.
  • the Figure 7 shows the loom for the implementation of the method described above according to one embodiment.
  • This loom comprises a weaving zone 18 in which are introduced into at least one upper track and one lower track of the weft son, each of these weft son being introduced between at least two warp son by at least one element d Weft introduction such as a shuttle or jet of air or water jet.
  • the loom also includes first means for carrying on one of said lanes and determining the position of said warp yarns with respect to said weft yarn. These first means may comprise for example a first smooth warp, these first smooth being controlled by a weave mechanism also called dobby.
  • the loom further comprises second means for introducing at least one binding yarn above, between and below said lanes. These second means comprise for example a second smooth binding wire, these second smooth being controlled by this same armor mechanics.
  • the loom also includes a temple 19 for pulling the binding yarns and means for moving this temple out of and into the weaving zone 18 to place the temple 19 in contact with the binding threads and to allow the drawing of those -this.
  • the edge 20 of this temple for receiving the binding son comprises means for retaining these son to maintain their spacing in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of weaving of the woven structure.
  • the rod 19 has for example on this edge a rough surface or an array of vertical grooves (not shown) intended to each receive one or more binding son.
  • the operation of the beam 21 carrying the binding son is as follows.
  • the operator supplies a motor 22 operating continuously until the operator decides to stop it or a first sensor 23 is activated, for example because the unrolled length of the binding wire is too large.
  • the motor 22 makes it possible to unwind the tying son of the beam.
  • this beam 21 must be replaced by a creel when the shape to be achieved is complex, that is to say, as soon as the walls 10, 11 are not flat.
  • the loom comprises on either side of the weaving zone 18 receiving elements such as boxes 24, 25 allowing the reception temporary shuttle (not shown) so as to move the latter in height to prevent it is launched on the loom for example by a thruster-type device cleat or air jet.
  • the second sensor 26 makes it possible to detect that these boxes 24, 25 are placed in height so that the shuttle can not leave. It is then possible to pull the binding son with the temple 19.
  • the third sensor 27 can detect instead that the flush 28 is open for the passage of the shuttle.
  • the displacement means of the temple 19 comprise firstly two actuators 29, 30 of the jack or telescopic arm type for advancing or retreating the temple in the weaving zone 18. These actuators 29, 30 are synchronized so that they work together. They are placed laterally to the weaving zone 18 and their range of motion makes it possible to determine the length of the binding threads drawn by the temple 19.
  • These displacement means also comprise a third actuator 31 for laterally moving the temple, that is to say, to enter or leave the temple 19 in the weaving zone 18.
  • a third actuator 31 for laterally moving the temple, that is to say, to enter or leave the temple 19 in the weaving zone 18.
  • a fourth sensor such as a stop detector 33 can detect that the end of the temple is in position in its housing 32 and stops the actuator 31.
  • This actuator may be a roller placed on a motor shaft which converts a rotary movement into a translational movement.
  • a fifth sensor 34 makes it possible to detect that the temple has left the weaving zone entirely 18.
  • the temple 19 is thus movable in translation along the X and Y axes in the plane of the weaving zone 18.
  • a fourth actuator 35 of the jack type makes it possible to engage and disengage the loom.
  • the method of the invention is applicable to the production of composite parts of sheet metal as well as structural parts used in the production of aircraft, for example fuselages or fuselage parts such as the wings of an aircraft or the radome. It is also possible to make propeller tanks or tank skirts.
  • Maritime applications are conceivable, for illustrative purposes, the realization of hulls of boats, containers, floats, ...

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé de tissage et un métier à tisser pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. Elle concerne plus particulièrement un procédé de tissage d'un récipient souple.The present invention relates to a weaving process and a loom for carrying out this method. It relates more particularly to a method of weaving a flexible container.

On connaît des coussins gonflables de relevage d'avion conçus pour faciliter le désembourbement et la récupération des avions commerciaux et militaires sortis accidentellement de piste.Aircraft lift airbags are known to facilitate the desmiling and recovery of commercial and military aircraft accidentally exited the runway.

Ces coussins permettent aux équipes de secours des aéroports confrontées à une sortie de piste d'un aéronef, de soulever ce dernier puis de le tracter rapidement et en toute sécurité, en évitant de lui causer des dommages secondaires.These cushions allow airport rescue teams facing a runway excursion of an aircraft, lift the aircraft and then tow it quickly and safely, avoiding secondary damage.

La Figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un coussin de levage pour avion de l'art antérieur. Ce coussin comporte typiquement deux parois 1, 2 tissées enduites pour l'étanchéité et vulcanisées à chaud. Ces parois tissées 1, 2 sont reliées sur leur pourtour par une surépaisseur 3 en caoutchouc.The Figure 1 is a sectional view of an aircraft lifting cushion of the prior art. This cushion typically comprises two walls 1, 2 woven coated for sealing and vulcanized hot. These woven walls 1, 2 are connected on their periphery by a thickening 3 of rubber.

Ces parois 1, 2 sont également reliées entre elles par des fils 4 de polyamide qui lorsqu'ils sont mis sous tension par gonflage du coussin sont parallèles et espacées régulièrement les uns des autres.These walls 1, 2 are also interconnected by polyamide threads 4 which when they are tensioned by inflation of the cushion are parallel and regularly spaced from each other.

Ces fils 4 sont de longueur identique de manière à maintenir les parois 1, 2 parallèles. On s'assure ainsi de l'application d'une pression de levage uniforme sur la structure de l'avion sous laquelle est placée ce coussin.These son 4 are of identical length so as to maintain the walls 1, 2 parallel. This ensures the application of a uniform lifting pressure on the structure of the aircraft under which the cushion is placed.

Ce dernier point est particulièrement critique, par exemple, lors du relevage d'éléments fragiles tels qu'une aile 5 d'avion, pour éviter l'apparition de dommages structuraux (Fig. 2).This last point is particularly critical, for example, when lifting fragile elements such as an aircraft wing 5, to avoid the appearance of structural damage ( Fig. 2 ).

Or, on peut observer des pertes d'air de ces coussins de relevage résultant d'un défaut de fabrication ou apparaissant dans le temps au niveau de points de rupture 6 de la structure du coussin de relevage. A titre illustratif, les défauts de fabrication peuvent résulter d'une mauvaise vulcanisation ou encore d'un glissement de la surépaisseur de caoutchouc 3 avant vulcanisation.However, one can observe air losses of these lifting cushions resulting from a manufacturing defect or appearing in time at the level of breaking points 6 of the structure of the lifting cushion. By way of illustration, the manufacturing defects may result from poor vulcanization or from slipping of the excess thickness of rubber 3 before vulcanization.

De tels défauts entraînent une application non uniforme de la force de levage sur la structure de l'avion et éventuellement sont responsables de dommages secondaires.Such defects result in uneven application of the lifting force on the aircraft structure and possibly are responsible for secondary damage.

Il existe donc un besoin pressant pour un coussin de gonflage qui soit réalisé en une seule pièce afin de présenter une résistance accrue aux efforts.There is therefore a pressing need for an inflation cushion which is made in one piece in order to have an increased resistance to forces.

Plus généralement, de nombreux articles tissés présentant une forme complexe tels que des poufs remplis de billes de polystyrène, des housses de fauteuil, etc...., résultent de l'assemblage de pièces textiles initialement distinctes qui sont ensuite jointes, par exemple, par couture pour conférer sa forme définitive à l'article.More generally, many woven articles having a complex shape such as poufs filled with polystyrene beads, chair covers, etc., result from the assembly of initially separate textile pieces which are then joined, for example, by sewing to confer its definitive form to the article.

Or, ces articles présentent par définition une certaine faiblesse structurale au niveau de ces zones d'assemblage.However, these articles by definition have a certain structural weakness in these assembly areas.

Une usure prématurée de l'article au niveau de ces zones peut résulter par exemple en la perte du matériau de remplissage de l'article.Premature wear of the article at these areas may result for example in the loss of the filling material of the article.

Enfin, le temps d'assemblage de ces articles ayant une forme complexe peut être relativement long et requérir des opérateurs qualifiés, ce qui rend l'article onéreux.Finally, the assembly time of these items having a complex shape can be relatively long and require qualified operators, which makes the item expensive.

On connaît également du document US 5 783 279 un appareil pour produire une préforme de fibre du genre qui comprend au moins une bride et au moins une nappe tissée d'une seule pièce avec la bride ou les brides, dans lequel ladite nappe ou chaque nappe contient une pluralité de fils qui s'étendent le long de la nappe en zigzag de façon répétée depuis une bride jusqu'au bord libre de la nappe, ou jusqu'à une autre bride, chacun desdits fils s'étendant entre des fils de la bride de manière à être interverrouillés avec ceux-ci.Document is also known US 5,783,279 an apparatus for producing a fiber preform of the kind which comprises at least one flange and at least one web woven integrally with the flange or flanges, wherein said web or web contains a plurality of threads which extend along the zigzag web repeatedly from one flange to the free edge of the web, or to another flange, each of said wires extending between flange wires so as to be interlocked with those flanges; this.

L'objectif de la présente invention est donc de proposer un procédé de tissage et une machine de tissage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé simple dans leur conception et leur mode opératoire pour fabriquer une pièce tissée d'un seul tenant lui conférant ainsi des propriétés mécaniques supérieures aux articles connus de l'art antérieur obtenus par l'assemblage d'éléments initialement séparés par couture, collage, ... ou encore par une combinaison de ces modes d'assemblage.The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a weaving process and a weaving machine for implementing this simple method in their design and their procedure for manufacturing a woven piece in one piece thus conferring on them mechanical properties superior to known articles of the prior art obtained by assembling elements initially separated by sewing, gluing, ... or by a combination of these methods of assembly.

Un autre objectif de l'invention est un procédé de tissage d'une structure tissée d'un seul tenant ayant une forme complexe telle qu'une forme conique ou cylindrique pour la réalisation de pièces composites telles que des radômes, des sections de fuselage d'aéronef, des coques de navire ou encore du mobilier d'intérieur ou d'extérieur.Another object of the invention is a method of weaving an integral woven structure having a complex shape such as a conical or cylindrical shape for the production of composite parts such as radomes, fuselage sections, aircraft, ship hulls or indoor or outdoor furniture.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un procédé de tissage d'au moins deux nappes liées entre elles par au moins un fil de liage.To this end, the invention relates to a method of weaving at least two sheets interconnected by at least one binding yarn.

Selon l'invention,

  1. a) on initie le tissage de ces nappes en insérant dans l'armure fondamentale d'une première nappe au moins un fil de chaîne ou duite supplémentaire, ce dernier ou cette dernière constituant ledit fil de liage,
  2. b) avant introduction dudit au moins un fil de liage dans l'armure fondamentale de la deuxième nappe, on suspend le tissage des nappes,
  3. c) on tire ledit au moins un fil de liage du côté de la deuxième nappe en plaçant au moins une partie de la longueur tirée à l'extérieur de l'ensemble formé par ces nappes ainsi reliées,
  4. d) puis, on reprend le tissage desdites nappes en introduisant ledit au moins un fil de liage dans l'armure fondamentale de la deuxième nappe,
    • avant chaque nouvelle introduction dudit au moins un fil de liage dans l'armure fondamentale d'une de ces nappes, on répète le cycle suivant :
      • e) on suspend le tissage desdites nappes,
      • f) on tire ledit au moins un fil de liage en plaçant au moins une partie de la longueur tirée à l'extérieur de l'ensemble formé par ces nappes ainsi reliées,
      • g) puis, on reprend le tissage des nappes en introduisant ledit au moins un fil de liage dans l'armure fondamentale de ladite nappe.
According to the invention,
  1. a) the weaving of these plies is initiated by inserting into the basic weave of a first ply at least one additional warp or suture, the latter constituting said binding yarn,
  2. b) before introduction of said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave of the second ply, the weaving of the plies is suspended,
  3. c) the said at least one binder yarn is pulled on the side of the second sheet by placing at least a portion of the length drawn outside the assembly formed by these sheets thus connected,
  4. d) then, the weaving of said plies is resumed by introducing said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave of the second ply,
    • before each new introduction of said at least one binding yarn in the basic weave of one of these plies, the following cycle is repeated:
      • e) suspending the weaving of said sheets,
      • f) pulling said at least one binding yarn by placing at least a portion of the length drawn outside the assembly formed by these sheets thus connected,
      • g) then, we resume the weaving of the webs by introducing said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave of said web.

Le procédé de l'invention permet de fabriquer des structures tissées comprenant au moins deux parois tissées reliées l'une à l'autre par au moins un fil de liage non rapporté.The method of the invention makes it possible to manufacture woven structures comprising at least two woven walls connected to one another by at least one non-attached binding thread.

Cette structure tissée peut être fermée ou au moins partiellement ouverte. Cette ouverture peut être placée en n'importe quel point de la structure tissée, c'est-à-dire à au moins une de ses extrémités, les bords correspondant de ces parois n'étant alors pas liés entre eux ou encore résulter de la présence d'un orifice sur au moins une des parois.This woven structure can be closed or at least partially open. This opening may be placed at any point of the woven structure, that is to say at least at one of its ends, the corresponding edges of these walls not then being interconnected or resulting from the presence of an orifice on at least one of the walls.

La section de cette structure tissée peut avantageusement présenter n'importe quelle forme telle qu'une forme circulaire, carrée, rectangulaire, de losange, de T, de U, de L, de H, de I, ... après coupe éventuelle des fils de chaîne non nécessaires.The section of this woven structure may advantageously have any shape such as a circular, square, rectangular, rhombus, T, U, L, H, I, ... shape after possible cutting. unnecessary warp threads.

On entend par "fil de liage non rapporté" que ce fil n'est pas rapporté après tissage de chacune de ces parois pour l'assemblage de celles-ci mais que bien au contraire, il est inséré dans la trame de ces parois tissées au fur et à mesure de leur fabrication. Le fil de liage fait donc partie intégrante de l'armure des deux parois sur des portions de celles-ci."Unwired binding thread" is understood to mean that this thread is not brought back after weaving each of these walls for the assembly of these but on the contrary, it is inserted into the weft of these woven walls as and when they are manufactured. The binding yarn is therefore an integral part of the weave of the two walls on portions thereof.

La structure tissée ainsi obtenue est d'un seul tenant ce qui lui confère une résistance mécanique accrue aux contraintes.The woven structure thus obtained is in one piece which gives it an increased mechanical resistance to stress.

Cette structure tissée peut soit être d'une seule pièce ou au contraire comporter des matériaux différents.This woven structure can either be in one piece or on the contrary be made of different materials.

On entend par l'expression "la structure tissée est d'une seule pièce" que cette structure est monobloc et réalisée à partir d'un seul matériau. Les fils de chaîne ou de trame mis en oeuvre peuvent toutefois être d'une forme différente, c'est-à-dire être du fil mono filament, du fil multi filaments, du fil plat, du fil formé de fibres torsadées, du fil simple ou rotor, par exemple, et présenter des épaisseurs ou diamètres différents.The expression "the woven structure is in one piece" means that this structure is monobloc and made from a single material. The warp or weft threads used may, however, be of a different shape, that is to say be monofilament yarn, multi-filament yarn, flat yarn, twisted-fiber yarn, yarn single or rotor, for example, and have different thicknesses or diameters.

Ces fils peuvent, par exemple, être des fils de coton, des fils de polyester, des fils de polyamide, de polypropylène, de polyéthylène, des matériaux plastiques biodégradables à base d'amidon, des matériaux plastiques oxodégradables, des fils formés de fibres de carbone, de graphite, de verre, de silice, d'aramide, ...These yarns may, for example, be cotton yarns, polyester yarns, polyamide yarns, polypropylene yarns, polyethylene yarns, biodegradable starch-based plastic materials, oxodegradable plastics materials, yarns made of carbon, graphite, glass, silica, aramid, ...

Les parois peuvent de plus avoir des dimensions différentes et/ou des formes différentes en fonction de l'application envisagée pour la structure tissée.The walls may furthermore have different dimensions and / or different shapes depending on the application envisaged for the woven structure.

Les fils de liage peuvent avantageusement être réalisés dans des matériaux différents dans le sens de la trame de la structure tissée de sorte que cette structure présente des zones de résistance mécanique différentes.The binding threads may advantageously be made of different materials in the weft direction of the woven structure so that this structure has different areas of mechanical strength.

Dans différents modes de réalisation particuliers de ce procédé de tissage, chacun ayant ses avantages particuliers et susceptibles de nombreuses combinaisons techniques possibles:

  • après tissage de ces nappes, on écarte celles-ci l'une de l'autre pour rentrer ladite au moins une partie de longueur tirée entre ces nappes et donner sa forme finale à l'ensemble formé par les nappes ainsi liées,
  • aux étapes c) et f), on tire les fils de liage de sorte que ces fils de liage étant mis sous tension, au moins une majorité des longueurs entre deux laissés consécutifs de ces fils de liage sont rectilignes en étant espacés régulièrement ou non,
  • aux étapes c) et f), on introduit dans cette zone de tissage au moins un élément de préhension pour tirer uniquement ledit au moins un fil de liage et avant les étapes correspondantes d) et g), on sort cet élément de préhension de la zone de tissage,
  • cet élément de préhension étant un temple, il a une forme différente entre au moins deux cycles e), f) et g) successifs pour conférer une forme complexe à l'ensemble formé par les nappes ainsi liées,
In various particular embodiments of this weaving method, each having its particular advantages and susceptible to many possible technical combinations:
  • after weaving these plies, these are separated from each other to return said at least a portion of length drawn between these plies and give its final shape to the assembly formed by the sheets thus bonded,
  • in steps c) and f), the binding yarns are pulled so that these binding yarns are tensioned, at least a majority of the lengths between two consecutive left-overs of these binding yarns are rectilinear and regularly spaced apart or not,
  • in steps c) and f), at least one gripping element is introduced into this weaving zone in order to pull only said at least one binding yarn and before the corresponding steps d) and g), this gripping element is taken out of the weaving area,
  • this gripping element being a temple, it has a different shape between at least two cycles e), f) and g) successive to give a complex shape to the assembly formed by the sheets thus bonded,

On entend par "temple", une tige susceptible de passer sous les fils de liage de manière à assurer le tirage de ceux-ci.The term "temple", a rod that can pass under the son of binding so as to ensure the draw thereof.

Au moins le bord du temple destiné à recevoir ledit au moins un fil de liage peut présenter une forme servant d'empreinte du relief à conférer à une de ces nappes au droit dudit au moins un fil de liage. Cette forme est particulièrement avantageuse lorsqu'il est nécessaire de tirer les fils de liage d'une longueur différente dans le sens de la chaîne ou de la trame pour conférer une forme complexe à une des nappes par rapport à une autre. Bien entendu, il pourra être nécessaire de changer le temple entre les cycles consécutifs de tissage et de tirage des fils de liage pour construire au fur et à mesure du tissage de l'ensemble formé par lesdites au moins deux nappes ainsi liées entre elles par au moins un fil de liage, la forme définitive de cette nappe.

  • on vient tirer chaque fil de liage avec une aiguille comportant à son extrémité un crochet pour recevoir ledit fil de liage et en déplaçant cette aiguille en translation,
  • on fait varier de manière continue ou non les longueurs tirées sur au moins une partie de cet ensemble formé par les nappes ainsi liées dans le sens de la trame et/ou de la chaîne,
At least the edge of the temple intended to receive the said at least one binding yarn may have a shape serving as impression of the relief to confer on one of these sheets in line with the said at least one binding yarn. This form is particularly advantageous when it is necessary to draw the binding son of a different length in the warp or weft direction to give a complex shape to one of the webs relative to another. Of course, it may be necessary to change the temple between the consecutive cycles of weaving and pulling son binding to build as weaving of the assembly formed by said at least two sheets and linked together by less a bonding wire, the final shape of this sheet.
  • each tie wire is drawn with a needle having at its end a hook for receiving said binding thread and moving this needle in translation,
  • the lengths drawn on at least a portion of this assembly formed by the plies thus bonded in the direction of the weft and / or of the warp are varied in a continuous manner or not,

On entend par "variation continue" que cette variation est uniforme et ne présente pas de sauts ou paliers. A l'inverse, cette variation peut présenter des paliers.

  • les longueurs tirées sont constantes sur au moins une partie de cet ensemble formé par les nappes ainsi liées dans le sens de la trame et/ou de la chaîne,
  • on réalise les étapes suivantes :
    1. a) on initie le tissage simultané d'une paroi supérieure, d'une paroi intermédiaire et d'une paroi inférieure, en introduisant dans les armures fondamentales d'une des nappes supérieure et intermédiaire et d'une des nappes inférieure et intermédiaire au moins un fil de chaîne ou duite supplémentaire, ce ou ces derniers et/ou cette ou ces dernières constituant le fil de liage des nappes supérieure et intermédiaire et des nappes inférieure et intermédiaire,
    2. b) avant introduction dudit au moins un fil de liage dans l'autre nappe respectivement des nappes supérieure et intermédiaire et des nappes inférieure et intermédiaire, on interrompt le tissage de ces nappes,
    3. c) on tire ledit au moins un fil de liage des nappes supérieure et intermédiaire et des nappes inférieure et intermédiaire d'une longueur donnée en plaçant au moins une partie de ces longueurs tirées à l'extérieur de l'ensemble formé par les parois ainsi liées,
    4. d) on reprend le tissage des nappes en introduisant ledit au moins un fil de liage des nappes supérieure et intermédiaire et des nappes inférieure et intermédiaire dans l'armure fondamentale de cette autre nappe,
  • avant chaque nouvelle introduction dudit au moins un fil de liage dans l'armure fondamentale respectivement d'une desdites nappes supérieure et intermédiaire et desdites nappes inférieure et intermédiaire,
    • e) on suspend le tissage de ces nappes,
    • f) on tire au moins un fil de liage des nappes supérieure et intermédiaire et des nappes inférieure et intermédiaire d'une longueur donnée en plaçant au moins une partie des longueurs tirées à l'extérieur de l'ensemble formé par les parois ainsi liées,
    • g) puis, on reprend le tissage desdites nappes en introduisant ledit au moins un fil de liage des nappes supérieure et intermédiaire et des nappes inférieure et intermédiaire dans l'armure fondamentale de ladite autre nappe.
"Continuous variation" is understood to mean that this variation is uniform and does not show jumps or levels. Conversely, this variation may have levels.
  • the lengths drawn are constant over at least part of this assembly formed by the plies thus bonded in the direction of the weft and / or the warp,
  • the following steps are carried out:
    1. a) we initiate the simultaneous weaving of an upper wall, an intermediate wall and a lower wall, by introducing into the armor of one of the upper and intermediate webs and one of the lower and intermediate webs at least one additional warp or yarn, this or these and / or this or these latter constituting the binding yarn of the upper and intermediate webs and lower and intermediate layers,
    2. b) before introduction of said at least one binder yarn into the other ply respectively of the upper and intermediate plies and the lower and intermediate plies, the weaving of these plies is interrupted,
    3. c) the at least one binding yarn of the upper and intermediate plies and the lower and intermediate plies of a given length are drawn by placing at least a portion of these lengths drawn outside the assembly formed by the walls and linked,
    4. d) taking up the weaving of the plies by introducing said at least one binding yarn of the upper and intermediate plies and the lower and intermediate plies into the basic weave of this other ply,
  • before each new introduction of said at least one binding yarn into the basic weave respectively of one of said upper and intermediate plies and said lower and intermediate plies,
    • e) the weaving of these sheets is suspended,
    • f) at least one binding yarn of the upper and intermediate plies and the lower and intermediate plies of a given length are obtained by placing at least a portion of the lengths drawn outside the assembly formed by the walls thus bonded,
    • g) then, the weaving of said plies is resumed by introducing said at least one binding yarn of the upper and intermediate plies and the lower and intermediate plies into the basic weave of said other ply.

De préférence, on tire ledit au moins un fil de liage des parois supérieure et intermédiaire avec un premier élément de préhension en plaçant au moins une partie de la longueur tirée au dessus de la nappe supérieure et on tire ledit au moins un fil de liage des parois inférieure et intermédiaire avec un deuxième élément de préhension en plaçant au moins une partie de la longueur tirée au-dessous de la nappe inférieure.Preferably, said at least one binder yarn is pulled from the upper and intermediate walls with a first gripping member by placing at least a portion of the length pulled above the upper sheet and pulling said at least one binder yarn from the lower and intermediate walls with a second gripping member by placing at least a portion of the drawn length below the lower ply.

Avantageusement, ledit au moins un fil de liage et les fils constitutifs de ces nappes sont pré-imprégnés préalablement au commencement des opérations de tissage.Advantageously, said at least one binding yarn and the constituent yarns of these plies are pre-impregnated prior to the beginning of the weaving operations.

Par exemple, ces fils peuvent être pré-imprégnés avec une résine thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, et notamment une résine thermoplastique thermostable telles que celle des familles des polyétherimides (PEI), des polyétheréthercétones (PEEK) ou des polyamides (PA).For example, these yarns may be pre-impregnated with a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, and in particular a thermostable thermoplastic resin such as that of the families of polyetherimides (PEI), polyetheretherketones (PEEK) or polyamides (PA).

L'invention concerne encore un métier à tisser comprenant une zone de tissage dans laquelle sont introduits dans au moins une voie supérieure et une voie inférieure des fils de trame, chacun de ces fils de trame étant introduit entre au moins deux fils de chaîne par au moins un élément d'introduction de trame, des premiers moyens pour porter sur l'une de ces voies et déterminer la position des fils de chaîne par rapport au fil de trame et des deuxième moyens pour introduire au moins un fil de liage au-dessus, entre et au-dessous de ces voies.The invention also relates to a loom comprising a weaving zone in which are introduced into at least one upper track and one lower track of the weft son, each of these weft son being introduced between at least two warp son by least one weft insertion element, first means for carrying on one of these channels and determining the position of the warp yarns with respect to the weft yarn and second means for introducing at least one binding yarn above , between and below these pathways.

Selon l'invention, ce métier à tisser comporte au moins un élément de préhension dudit au moins un fil de liage et des moyens de déplacement dudit au moins un élément de préhension hors de et dans la zone de tissage pour placer ledit au moins un élément de préhension en contact avec ledit au moins un fil de liage et permettre le tirage dudit au moins un fil de liage.According to the invention, this loom comprises at least one gripping element of said at least one binding yarn and means for moving said at least one gripping element out of and into the weaving zone to place said at least one element gripping means in contact with said at least one binding yarn and allowing drawing of said at least one binding yarn.

Ledit au moins un élément de préhension peut être un temple. Avantageusement, le bord de ce temple destiné à recevoir ledit au moins un fil de liage comporte des moyens de retenue de ces fils de liage pour éviter que les fils ne glissent lors du tirage de ceux-ci.Said at least one gripping element can be a temple. Advantageously, the edge of this temple intended to receive said at least one binding yarn comprises means for retaining these binding yarns to prevent the yarns from slipping when they are pulled.

De préférence, au moins le bord du temple destiné à recevoir ledit au moins un fil de liage a une forme servant d'empreinte du relief à conférer à une de ces nappes au droit dudit au moins un fil de liage.Preferably, at least the edge of the temple intended to receive said at least one binding yarn has a shape serving as impression of the relief to give to one of these sheets in line with said at least one binding yarn.

Ledit au moins un élément de préhension peut aussi être une aiguille comportant à son extrémité un crochet pour recevoir un fil de liage. Le métier à tisser comporte donc autant d'aiguille que de fil de liage à tirer. Les moyens de déplacement de chaque aiguille comprennent par exemple un éléctro-aimant ou un piston hydraulique ou pneumatique. Le déplacement de ces aiguilles est commandé par des moyens de commande.Said at least one gripping element may also be a needle having at its end a hook for receiving a binding thread. The loom therefore has as much needle as tying wire to pull. The means for moving each needle comprise, for example, an electromagnet or a hydraulic or pneumatic piston. The movement of these needles is controlled by control means.

Avantageusement, ces moyens de commande sont des moyens de commande individuels de chaque aiguille de manière à permettre de varier la longueur tirée d'un fil de liage à un autre. Chaque aiguille est alors mobile en translation.Advantageously, these control means are individual control means of each needle so as to vary the length drawn from one binding thread to another. Each needle is then mobile in translation.

De préférence, ce métier à tisser est un métier à tisser à sec, tel qu'un métier à jet d'air, un métier à lance(s) ou un métier à projectile(s).Preferably, this loom is a dry loom, such as a jet loom, a loom (s) or a projectile loom (s).

L'invention concerne encore l'utilisation d'au moins une structure tissée obtenue par le procédé ou le métier à tisser tels que décrits précédemment pour réaliser des pièces composites, dans lequel on place ladite au moins une structure tissée dans un moule, on ferme ledit moule, on introduit un matériau de matrice dans ledit moule puis on durcit l'ensemble ainsi obtenu.The invention also relates to the use of at least one woven structure obtained by the method or the loom as described above for producing composite parts, in which said at least one woven structure is placed in a mold, and closed. said mold, a matrix material is introduced into said mold and then the assembly thus obtained is hardened.

L'invention concerne encore une pièce composite comprenant une préforme obtenue par le procédé ou au moyen d'un métier à tisser tels que décrits précédemment, cette préforme étant noyée dans un matériau de matrice.The invention also relates to a composite part comprising a preform obtained by the method or by means of a loom as described above, this preform being embedded in a matrix material.

Ces pièces composites sont, par exemple, des panneaux structuraux par exemple pour des véhicules tels que des aéronefs ou des automobiles. Il peut encore s'agir de mobilier.These composite parts are, for example, structural panels for example for vehicles such as aircraft or automobiles. It can still be furniture.

Le matériau de matrice mis en oeuvre est, par exemple, une résine thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, et notamment une résine thermoplastique thermostable telles que celle des familles des polyétherimides (PEI), des polyétheréthercétones (PEEK) ou des polyamides (PA).The matrix material used is, for example, a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin, and in particular a heat-stable thermoplastic resin such as that of the families of polyetherimides (PEI), polyetheretherketones (PEEK) or polyamides (PA).

Les opérations de polymérisation sont des processus bien connus de l'état de l'art qui ne seront pas décrits à nouveau ici. On citera simplement à titre purement illustratif, le procédé de moulage par transfert de résine (RTM) ou encore le procédé de moulage par infusion de résine liquide (LRI).Polymerization operations are well known processes of the state of the art that will not be described again here. The resin transfer molding process (RTM) or the liquid resin infusion molding (LRI) process is merely illustrative.

L'invention sera décrite plus en détail en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un coussin de levage de l'art antérieur ;
  • la figure 2 montre un empilement de coussins de levage de la Figure 1 placé sous une aile d'un aéronef sorti de piste en vue de son relevage ;
  • la figure 3 montre une vue de dessus d'un réservoir souple de levage selon un mode de réalisation préférée de l'invention ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique partielle montrant les longueurs tirées des fils de liage placées à l'extérieur de l'ensemble formé par les nappes liées entre elles par des fils de liage ;
  • la figure 5 montre l'armure du réservoir souple de la figure 3;
  • la figure 6 montre schématiquement l'armure de la Figure 5 réduite aux fils de trame et aux fils de chaîne n°1 à 8, les fils de chaîne 5 et 6 étant des fils de liage ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue partielle du métier à tisser simplifié, c'est-à-dire sans les lisses et sans la navette dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention;
  • la figure 8 montre l'empassage suivi du réservoir souple ;
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a sectional view of a lifting cushion of the prior art;
  • the figure 2 shows a pile of lifting cushions from the Figure 1 placed under a wing of an aircraft off the runway for the purpose of raising it;
  • the figure 3 shows a top view of a lifting tank according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 4 is a partial schematic view showing the lengths drawn from the binding yarns placed outside the assembly formed by the plies bound together by binding yarns;
  • the figure 5 shows the armor of the bladder of the figure 3 ;
  • the figure 6 schematically shows the armor of the Figure 5 reduced to weft yarns and warp yarns 1 to 8, warp yarns 5 and 6 being tie yarns;
  • the figure 7 is a partial view of the simplified loom, that is to say without the smooth and without the shuttle in one embodiment of the invention;
  • the figure 8 shows the follow-up followed by the bladder;

La Figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'un réservoir souple selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention. Ce réservoir souple est constitué d'une structure tissée comportant deux parois tissées 10, 11 qui sont reliées l'une à l'autre par des fils de liage non rapportés. Ces parois ont été tissées en circulaire, ce qui confère une résistance mécanique accrue au récipient puisque les fils à chaque extrémité de la structure tissée n'ont pas été coupés.
Ces deux parois 10, 11 sont continues et présentent plusieurs parties en allant d'un bord du réservoir vers son centre.
The Figure 3 is a top view of a bladder according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. This flexible reservoir consists of a woven structure comprising two woven walls 10, 11 which are connected to one another by unreported tying son. These walls have been woven in a circular fashion, which gives the container increased mechanical strength since the yarns at each end of the woven structure have not been cut.
These two walls 10, 11 are continuous and have several parts going from an edge of the tank towards its center.

Sur l'ensemble du pourtour du réservoir, on observe tout d'abord une première partie 12 tissée à plat. Cette première partie 12 forme la lisière du réservoir. Cette lisière correspond à l'assemblage des deux parois tissées et délimite le bord du réservoir. Cette lisière 12 permet de recevoir des accessoires tels que des oeillets, ... et de tendre le récipient souple. A titre purement illustratif, la largeur de cette première partie est d'environ 15 cm.On the entire periphery of the tank, firstly observed first part 12 woven flat. This first part 12 forms the edge of the tank. This edge corresponds to the assembly of the two woven walls and delimits the edge of the tank. This edge 12 can receive accessories such as eyelets, ... and stretch the flexible container. For illustrative purposes, the width of this first portion is about 15 cm.

On observe ensuite une deuxième partie 13 dite arrondie permettant de conférer une forme arrondie sur le contour du récipient souple après remplissage de ce dernier avec un fluide gazeux tel que de l'air ou avec des particules telles que du sable, des billes de polystyrène, ...Then there is a second portion 13 called rounded to give a rounded shape on the contour of the flexible container after filling thereof with a gaseous fluid such as air or with particles such as sand, polystyrene beads, ...

Lorsque ce récipient est étanche, cette deuxième partie 13 permet de dimensionner la hauteur de gonflage du réservoir souple. Le récipient est rendu étanche après tissage de la structure tissée donnant la forme du réservoir par une étape d'enduction de cette structure avec un matériau d'étanchéité tel qu'un matériau à base de polychlorure de vinyle (PVC) ou de polyuréthane et encore mieux un matériau à base de PVC plastifié ignifugé.When this container is sealed, this second part 13 makes it possible to size the inflation height of the flexible reservoir. The container is sealed after weaving the woven structure giving the shape of the reservoir by a step of coating this structure with a sealing material such as a material based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyurethane and further better a material based on flame retarded plasticized PVC.

C'est à partir de ce niveau que les nappes 11, 12 sont séparées en étant reliées l'une à l'autre par les fils de liage introduits de manière alternative dans les armures fondamentales des nappes supérieure et inférieure. Ces deux parois 11, 12 présentent une armure toile 1 à 1 avec un nombre de fils de chaîne supérieur à 10 fils/cm et un nombre de fils de trame supérieur à 6 fils/cm de manière à assurer une bonne étanchéification de la structure tissée. Bien entendu, ces armures pourraient ne pas être identiques. On pourrait ainsi avoir une armure en nid d'abeille pour base de la paroi supérieure de sorte que celle-ci présente des indentations femelles destinées à recevoir des indentations mâles placées sur la nappe inférieure (armure en nid d'abeille) d'un autre réservoir superposé à ce réservoir souple.It is from this level that the plies 11, 12 are separated by being connected to one another by the binding yarns introduced in such a way that alternative in the basic armor of the upper and lower plies. These two walls 11, 12 have a lining 1 to 1 with a number of warp son greater than 10 son / cm and a number of weft son greater than 6 son / cm so as to ensure good sealing of the woven structure . Of course, these armor may not be identical. One could thus have a honeycomb armor base of the upper wall so that it has female indentations intended to receive male indentations placed on the lower sheet (honeycomb armor) of another tank superimposed on this flexible tank.

Cette zone où les nappes 10, 11 sont reliées l'une à l'autre par les fils de liage non rapportés constitue la partie centrale 14 du réservoir souple. Dans cette dernière sont placées des poignées 15 permettant d'écarter les deux nappes 10, 11 afin de faire rentrer les longueurs tirées des fils de liage dans l'ensemble formé par ces deux nappes liées entre elles.This zone where the plies 10, 11 are connected to one another by the unreported binding yarns constitutes the central portion 14 of the bladder. In the latter are placed handles 15 to separate the two plies 10, 11 to return the lengths drawn from the binding son in the assembly formed by these two sheets interconnected.

A titre purement illustratif, les fils de chaîne de cette structure tissée sont des fils de polyester multi filament à 2354 Dtex pour l'enveloppe, c'est-à-dire la lisière 12 et deuxième partie 13 et la partie centrale 14 et les poignées 15. Pour les fils de liage 16 qui sont ici des fils de chaîne supplémentaires, on utilise des fils de polyester multi filament à 2 x 235 Dtex avec 215 tours en S. La densité de fils de liage est comprise typiquement entre un fil/10 cm2 et plusieurs centaines de fils/cm2. Enfin, les fils de trame sont des fils de polyester multi filament à 2354 Dtex.
De manière plus générale, les fils de liage sont choisis dans le groupe comprenant des fils monofilament, des fils multi filaments, du fil simple ou rotor, des fils comprenant des fibres agglomérées, des fils plats, des fils métalliques flexibles, des fils gainés, c'est-à-dire comportant chacun un fil d'âme et une gaine réalisée en matériau thermoplastique, et des combinaisons de ces éléments.
As a purely illustrative example, the warp threads of this woven structure are 2354 Dtex multi-filament polyester yarns for the envelope, that is to say the selvedge 12 and second part 13 and the central part 14 and the handles 15. For the binder yarns 16 which are here additional warp yarns, 2 x 235 Dtex multi filament polyester yarns are used with 215 S turns. The binder yarn density is typically between one yarn / 10 cm 2 and several hundred threads / cm 2 . Finally, the weft yarns are 2354 Dtex multi-filament polyester yarns.
More generally, the binding yarns are chosen from the group comprising monofilament yarns, multi-filament yarns, single or rotor yarn, yarns comprising agglomerated fibers, flat yarns, flexible metal yarns, sheathed yarns, that is to say each comprising a core wire and a sheath made of thermoplastic material, and combinations of these elements.

On entend par "fil plat", un produit extrudé au travers d'une filière, étiré ou autre dont la section transversale pleine et sensiblement constante sur toute sa longueur est en forme d'ovale, de carré, de rectangle, de cercle aplati et de carré ou rectangle modifié, c'est-à-dire ayant deux cotés opposés ayant une forme d'arc convexe, les deux autres étant rectilignes, égaux et parallèles.
Ces fils plats pourraient encore être creux et présenter, à titre illustratif, une section tubulaire aplatie.
The term "flat wire" means an extruded product through a die, drawn or otherwise whose solid and substantially constant cross section over its entire length is in the shape of an oval, a square, a rectangle, a flattened circle and square or modified rectangle, that is to say having two opposite sides having a convex arc shape, the other two being rectilinear, equal and parallel.
These flat wires may still be hollow and have, for illustrative purposes, a flattened tubular section.

Les fils de chaîne, de trame et de liage peuvent, par exemple, être des fils de coton, des fils de polyester, des fils de polyamide, de polypropylène, de polyéthylène, des matériaux plastiques biodégradables à base d'amidon, des matériaux plastiques oxodégradables, des fils formés de fibres de carbone, de graphite, de verre, de silice, d'aramide, ...The warp, weft and binding yarns may, for example, be cotton yarns, polyester yarns, polyamide yarns, polypropylene yarns, polyethylene yarns, biodegradable starch-based plastic materials, plastics materials. oxodegradable, yarns formed of carbon fibers, graphite, glass, silica, aramid, ...

La structure tissée donnant la forme du réservoir a été obtenue selon le procédé de fabrication décrit ci-après (Figure 4).The woven structure giving the shape of the reservoir was obtained according to the manufacturing method described below ( Figure 4 ).

On commence à tisser les parois simultanément en tissant une nappe supérieure 10 et une nappe inférieure 11 suivant l'armure fondamentale de chacune de ces parois, les fils de liage 16 étant uniquement liés à l'armure fondamentale de la nappe supérieure 10. Au moment de relier ces deux parois 10, 11 par les fils de liage, c'est-à-dire avant de lier les fils de liage dans la nappe inférieure 11, on interrompt le tissage et on introduit dans la zone de tissage une tige dénommée temple, pour venir tirer uniquement ces fils de liage 16. La tige étant de section constante, la longueur des fils de liage ainsi tirée est identique. Cette longueur tirée est placée au-dessus de la nappe supérieure 10 en formant une boucle 17.We start to weave the walls simultaneously by weaving an upper layer 10 and a lower layer 11 according to the basic weave of each of these walls, the binding threads 16 being only connected to the basic weave of the upper layer 10. At the moment to connect these two walls 10, 11 by the binding yarns, that is to say before binding the binding yarns in the lower ply 11, the weaving is interrupted and a temple rod is introduced into the weaving zone; , to come and pull only these binding son 16. The rod being of constant section, the length of the binding son thus drawn is identical. This pulled length is placed above the upper ply 10 forming a loop 17.

Cette longueur ainsi tirée des fils de liage ainsi que la distance séparant les nappes supérieure 10 et inférieure 11 correspond à la distance séparant les parois du réservoir final, c'est-à-dire son épaisseur en service.This length thus drawn from the binding yarns as well as the distance separating the upper and lower plies 10 corresponds to the distance separating the walls of the final reservoir, that is to say its thickness in service.

Une fois les fils de liage tirés à la bonne longueur, le temple est sorti de la zone de tissage et on reprend normalement la fabrication des parois tissées 10, 11 jusqu'à la prochaine liaison des parois par ces fils de liage 16.Once the binding threads pulled to the correct length, the temple is removed from the weaving zone and the manufacture of the woven walls 10, 11 is normally resumed until the next binding of the walls by these binding threads 16.

Ces fils de liage 16 sont donc tirés sur le dessus des deux nappes formant les parois supérieure et inférieure de la structure tissée et les longueurs ainsi tirées sont donc placées en partie à l'extérieur de la structure tissée en formant des boucles 17. Alternativement, le temple peut se déplacer au-dessous de l'ensemble formé par ces nappes liées entre elles de sorte que ces boucles 17 sont placées en partie au-dessous de cet ensemble.These binding yarns 16 are thus pulled on the top of the two plies forming the upper and lower walls of the woven structure and the lengths thus drawn are thus placed partly outside the woven structure by forming loops 17. Alternatively, the temple can move below the assembly formed by these webs linked together so that these loops 17 are placed partly below this set.

Ces fils de liage 16 sont ensuite rentrés dans la structure tissée en écartant les nappes l'une de l'autre à l'aide des poignées 15.These binding son 16 are then returned to the woven structure by separating the sheets from one another using the handles 15.

Enfin, la structure tissée est enduite d'un matériau d'étanchéité pour former le réservoir de levage.Finally, the woven structure is coated with a sealing material to form the lifting tank.

La Figure 5 montre l'armure de cette structure tissée ayant une forme de réservoir pour la fabrication et le liage des parois supérieure 10 et inférieure 11. Cette armure représentée conventionnellement comprend dix fils de chaîne, numérotés 1 à 10, en regard de dix colonnes verticales et 20 fils de trame, numérotés 1 à 20 et un actionnement du temple dans la zone de tissage numéroté 21, en regard de 21 rangées dans une évolution de l'armure.The Figure 5 shows the weave of this woven structure having a reservoir shape for the manufacture and binding of upper and lower walls 11. This conventionally represented weave comprises ten warp threads, numbered 1 to 10, opposite ten vertical columns and 20 weft yarns, numbered 1 to 20 and a temple actuation in the weaving area numbered 21, next to 21 rows in an evolution of the weave.

Les fils de chaîne numérotés 1 et 3 correspondent aux fils de chaîne de la nappe inférieure 11 et les fils de chaîne numérotés 2 et 4 correspondent aux fils de chaîne de la nappe supérieure 10. Les fils de chaîne numérotés 5 et 6 correspondent aux fils de liage et les fils numérotés 7 et 8 correspondent aux fils de chaîne des poignées 15. Le fil de chaîne numéroté 9 correspond au fil de liage de la lisière 12 et le fil de chaîne numéroté 10 correspond au rossignol.The warp threads numbered 1 and 3 correspond to the warp threads of the lower ply 11 and the warp threads numbered 2 and 4 correspond to the warp threads of the upper ply 10. The warp threads numbered 5 and 6 correspond to the warp threads. binding and the son numbered 7 and 8 correspond to the warp son of the handles 15. The warp numbered 9 corresponds to the binding yarn of the selvedge 12 and the warp numbered 10 corresponds to the nightingale.

Aux intersections des rangées et colonnes, sont figurées à la manière connue, en noir, les fils de chaîne pris et en blanc, les fils de chaîne laissés dans les intersections restantes.At the intersections of the rows and columns are shown in the known manner, in black, the warp threads taken and white, the warp threads left in the remaining intersections.

Ainsi, par exemple, en considérant les Figures 5 et 6, on constate que le fil de chaîne numéroté 4 passe successivement (est pris) sur les deux premiers fils de trame (N° 1 et 2), puis passe sous (est laissé) le fil de trame N°3, repasse sur les trois fils de trame N°4 à 6, puis sous le fil de trame N°7, puis de nouveau sur les trois fils de trame N°8 à 10, puis sous le fil de trame N°11, puis sur les fils de trame N°12 à 14, puis sous le fil de trame N°15, puis passe encore sur les trois fils de trame N°16 à 18 puis passe de nouveau sur le fil de trame N°19, puis sous le fil de trame N°20 et repart au dessus des deux premiers fils de trame N°22 et 23 à l'évolution suivante de l'armure.For example, considering the Figures 5 and 6 it is found that the numbered warp thread 4 passes successively (is taken) on the first two weft threads (No. 1 and 2), then passes under (is left) weft thread No. 3, returns to the three weft threads Nos. 4 to 6, then under weft thread No. 7, then again on the three weft threads Nos. 8 to 10, then under the weft thread No. 11, then on the weft threads No. 12 to 14, then under the weft thread No. 15, then passes again on the three weft threads No. 16 to 18 and then passes again on the weft thread No. 19, then under the weft thread N ° 20 and goes over the first two weft threads No. 22 and 23 to the next evolution of the armor.

On constate par ailleurs que la rangée 21 de l'armure correspond schématiquement au remplacement d'une duite, c'est-à-dire à une phase de tissage, par l'introduction dans la zone de tissage du temple pour tirer les fils de liage numérotés 5 et 6 et le retrait de ce temple de la zone de tissage. Ceci correspond au niveau du métier à tisser à la non propulsion de la navette.It is also noted that the row 21 of the armor corresponds schematically to the replacement of a pick, that is to say to a weaving phase, by the introduction into the weaving area of the temple to pull the threads of the weave. binding numbered 5 and 6 and the removal of this temple from the weaving area. This corresponds to the level of the loom at the non-propulsion of the shuttle.

Le tissage des nappes supérieure 10 et inférieure 11 avec introduction des fils de liage dans l'armure de la nappe inférieure 11 reprend ensuite normalement (rangée 22 et suivantes).The weaving of the upper and lower plies 11 with the introduction of the binding yarns into the weave of the lower ply 11 then resumes normally (row 22 and following).

La Figure 7 montre le métier à tisser pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé décrit précédemment selon un mode de réalisation. Ce métier à tisser comprend une zone de tissage 18 dans laquelle sont introduits dans au moins une voie supérieure et une voie inférieure des fils de trame, chacun de ces fils de trame étant introduit entre au moins deux fils de chaîne par au moins un élément d'introduction de trame tel qu'une navette ou jet d'air ou jet d'eau. Le métier à tisser comprend également des premiers moyens pour porter sur l'une desdites voies et déterminer la position desdits fils de chaîne par rapport audit fil de trame. Ces premiers moyens peuvent comprendre par exemple une première lisse par fil de chaîne, ces premières lisses étant commandées par une mécanique d'armure appelée également ratière. Le métier à tisser comprend encore des deuxièmes moyens pour introduire au moins un fil de liage au-dessus, entre et au-dessous desdites voies. Ces deuxièmes moyens comportent par exemple une deuxième lisse par fil de liage, ces deuxièmes lisses étant commandées par cette même mécanique d'armure.The Figure 7 shows the loom for the implementation of the method described above according to one embodiment. This loom comprises a weaving zone 18 in which are introduced into at least one upper track and one lower track of the weft son, each of these weft son being introduced between at least two warp son by at least one element d Weft introduction such as a shuttle or jet of air or water jet. The loom also includes first means for carrying on one of said lanes and determining the position of said warp yarns with respect to said weft yarn. These first means may comprise for example a first smooth warp, these first smooth being controlled by a weave mechanism also called dobby. The loom further comprises second means for introducing at least one binding yarn above, between and below said lanes. These second means comprise for example a second smooth binding wire, these second smooth being controlled by this same armor mechanics.

Le métier à tisser comporte également un temple 19 pour tirer les fils de liage et des moyens de déplacement de ce temple hors de et dans la zone de tissage 18 pour placer ce temple 19 en contact avec les fils de liage et permettre le tirage de ceux-ci.The loom also includes a temple 19 for pulling the binding yarns and means for moving this temple out of and into the weaving zone 18 to place the temple 19 in contact with the binding threads and to allow the drawing of those -this.

De préférence, le bord 20 de ce temple destiné à recevoir les fils de liage comporte des moyens de retenue de ces fils pour maintenir leur écartement dans une direction perpendiculaire au sens de propagation du tissage de la structure tissée. La tige 19 présente par exemple sur ce bord une surface rugueuse ou un réseau de rainures verticales (non représentées) destinées à recevoir chacune un ou plusieurs fils de liage.Preferably, the edge 20 of this temple for receiving the binding son comprises means for retaining these son to maintain their spacing in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of weaving of the woven structure. The rod 19 has for example on this edge a rough surface or an array of vertical grooves (not shown) intended to each receive one or more binding son.

Le fonctionnement de l'ensouple 21 portant les fils de liage est le suivant. L'opérateur alimente un moteur 22 fonctionnant en continu jusqu'à ce que l'opérateur décide de le stopper ou qu'un premier capteur 23 soit activé, par exemple parce que la longueur déroulée du fil de liage est trop importante. Le moteur 22 permet de dérouler les fils de liage de l'ensouple. Bien entendu, cette ensouple 21 doit être remplacée par un cantre lorsque la forme à réaliser est complexe, c'est-à-dire dès que les parois 10, 11 ne sont pas planes.The operation of the beam 21 carrying the binding son is as follows. The operator supplies a motor 22 operating continuously until the operator decides to stop it or a first sensor 23 is activated, for example because the unrolled length of the binding wire is too large. The motor 22 makes it possible to unwind the tying son of the beam. Of course, this beam 21 must be replaced by a creel when the shape to be achieved is complex, that is to say, as soon as the walls 10, 11 are not flat.

Le métier à tisser comporte de part et d'autre de la zone de tissage 18 des éléments de réception tels que des boîtes 24, 25 permettant la réception temporaire de la navette (non représentée) de manière à déplacer cette dernière en hauteur pour éviter qu'elle ne soit lancée sur le métier à tisser par exemple par un dispositif propulseur du type taquet ou jet d'air.The loom comprises on either side of the weaving zone 18 receiving elements such as boxes 24, 25 allowing the reception temporary shuttle (not shown) so as to move the latter in height to prevent it is launched on the loom for example by a thruster-type device cleat or air jet.

Le deuxième capteur 26 permet de détecter que ces boîtes 24, 25 sont placées en hauteur de sorte que la navette ne puisse partir. Il est alors possible de tirer les fils de liage avec le temple 19. Le troisième capteur 27 permet de détecter au contraire que la chasse 28 est ouverte pour le passage de la navette.The second sensor 26 makes it possible to detect that these boxes 24, 25 are placed in height so that the shuttle can not leave. It is then possible to pull the binding son with the temple 19. The third sensor 27 can detect instead that the flush 28 is open for the passage of the shuttle.

Les moyens de déplacement du temple 19 comportent tout d'abord deux actionneurs 29, 30 du type vérin ou bras télescopique permettant d'avancer ou de reculer le temple dans la zone de tissage 18. Ces actionneurs 29, 30 sont synchronisés de sorte qu'ils travaillent ensembles. Ils sont placés latéralement à la zone de tissage 18 et leur amplitude de mouvement permet de déterminer la longueur des fils de liage tirée par le temple 19.The displacement means of the temple 19 comprise firstly two actuators 29, 30 of the jack or telescopic arm type for advancing or retreating the temple in the weaving zone 18. These actuators 29, 30 are synchronized so that they work together. They are placed laterally to the weaving zone 18 and their range of motion makes it possible to determine the length of the binding threads drawn by the temple 19.

Ces moyens de déplacement comportent également un troisième actionneur 31 permettant de déplacer latéralement le temple, c'est-à-dire de faire pénétrer, ou sortir, le temple 19 dans la zone de tissage 18. Lorsque le temple 19 est placé dans la zone de tissage 18, son extrémité est reçue dans un logement 32 prévu à cet effet à l'extrémité du premier actionneur 29. Un quatrième capteur tel qu'un détecteur de butée 33 permet de détecter que l'extrémité du temple est en position dans son logement 32 et stoppe l'actionneur 31. Cet actionneur peut être un galet placé sur un arbre moteur qui transforme un mouvement rotatif en mouvement de translation.These displacement means also comprise a third actuator 31 for laterally moving the temple, that is to say, to enter or leave the temple 19 in the weaving zone 18. When the temple 19 is placed in the zone weaving 18, its end is received in a housing 32 provided for this purpose at the end of the first actuator 29. A fourth sensor such as a stop detector 33 can detect that the end of the temple is in position in its housing 32 and stops the actuator 31. This actuator may be a roller placed on a motor shaft which converts a rotary movement into a translational movement.

Un cinquième capteur 34 permet de détecter pour sa part que le temple est sorti entièrement de la zone de tissage 18.A fifth sensor 34 makes it possible to detect that the temple has left the weaving zone entirely 18.

Le temple 19 est donc mobile en translation suivant les axes X et Y dans le plan de la zone de tissage 18.The temple 19 is thus movable in translation along the X and Y axes in the plane of the weaving zone 18.

Un quatrième actionneur 35 du type vérin permet d'embrayer et de débrayer le métier à tisser.A fourth actuator 35 of the jack type makes it possible to engage and disengage the loom.

Les conditions cumulatives initiales pour permettre le démarrage du cycle de fonctionnement du temple 19 sont :

  • une des deux boites doit être en position haute : deuxième capteur 26 actif,
  • le métier doit être en chasse 28 ouverte : troisième capteur 27 actif,
  • le temple 19 doit être en butée: quatrième capteur 33 et cinquième capteur 34 actifs,
  • les premier, deuxième et quatrième actionneurs sont dans une position de repos, c'est-à-dire les tiges des vérins sont par exemple rentrés.
The initial cumulative conditions to allow the start of the operating cycle of temple 19 are:
  • one of the two boxes must be in the up position: second sensor 26 active,
  • the loom must be open 28: third sensor 27 active,
  • the temple 19 must be in abutment: fourth sensor 33 and fifth sensor 34 active,
  • the first, second and fourth actuators are in a rest position, that is to say the rods of the cylinders are for example returned.

Le procédé de l'invention est applicable à la réalisation de pièces composites de tôleries ainsi que des pièces structurales entrant dans la réalisation des avions, par exemple fuselages ou parties de fuselage telles que les ailes d'un avion ou le radôme. Il est aussi possible de réaliser des réservoirs de propulseurs ou des jupes de réservoirs.The method of the invention is applicable to the production of composite parts of sheet metal as well as structural parts used in the production of aircraft, for example fuselages or fuselage parts such as the wings of an aircraft or the radome. It is also possible to make propeller tanks or tank skirts.

Des applications maritimes sont envisageables, à titre illustratif, la réalisation de coques de bateaux, de containers, de flotteurs, ...Maritime applications are conceivable, for illustrative purposes, the realization of hulls of boats, containers, floats, ...

Claims (18)

  1. Method for weaving at least two laps joined together by at least one binding thread, characterized in that
    a) the weaving of the said laps (10, 11) is begun by inserting at least one additional warp thread or pick into the basic weave of a first lap, this additional thread or pick constituting the said binding thread (16),
    b) the weaving of the said laps (10, 11) is suspended before the said at least one binding thread (16) is introduced into the basic weave of the said second lap,
    c) the said at least one binding thread (16) is pulled from the side of the second lap, placing at least part of the pulled length on the outside of the assembly formed by these laps (10, 11) thus bound,
    d) then the weaving of the said laps (10, 11) is resumed with the said at least one binding thread (16) being introduced into the basic weave of the second lap,
    - before each fresh introduction of the said at least one binding thread (16) into the basic weave of one of these laps, the following cycle is repeated:
    e) the weaving of the said laps (10, 11) is suspended,
    f) the said at least one binding thread (16) is pulled, placing at least part of the pulled length on the outside of the assembly formed by these laps (10, 11) thus bound,
    g) then the weaving of the laps (10, 11) is resumed, introducing the said at least one binding thread (16) into the basic weave of the said lap.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that after the said laps (10, 11) have been woven, the said laps (10, 11) are parted from one another so as to bring the said at least part of the pulled length back in between the said laps and give the assembly formed by the said laps thus bound its final shape.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in steps c) and f), at least one grasping element is introduced into the weaving zone (18) in order to pull only the said at least one binding thread (16), and before the corresponding steps d) and g), the said grasping element is removed from the said weaving zone (18).
  4. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that the said grasping element is a tamplet (19).
  5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the tamplet (19) has a different shape between at least two successive cycles e), f) and g), so as to confer a complex shape upon the said assembly formed by the said laps (10, 11) thus bound.
  6. Method according to Claim 3, characterized in that each binding thread (16) is pulled using a needle that has a hook at its end and by moving the said needle in a translational movement.
  7. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pulled lengths are varied in a continuous or noncontinuous manner over at least part of the said assembly formed by the said laps (10, 11) thus bound in the weft and/or warp direction.
  8. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pulled lengths are constant over at least part of the said assembly formed by the said laps (10, 11) thus bound in the weft and/or warp direction.
  9. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the following steps are performed:
    a) simultaneous weaving of an upper wall, of an intermediate wall and of a lower wall is begun, introducing at least one additional warp thread or pick into the basic weaves of one of the upper and intermediate laps and of one of the lower and intermediate laps, this or these additional threads or picks constituting the said binding thread (16) binding the upper and intermediate laps and the lower and intermediate laps,
    b) the weaving of the said laps is interrupted before the said at least one binding thread (16) is introduced into the other lap respectively of the said upper and intermediate laps and of the said lower and intermediate laps,
    c) the said at least one binding thread (16) of the upper and intermediate laps and of the lower and intermediate laps is pulled by a given length, placing at least part of the said pulled lengths on the outside of the assembly formed by the said walls thus bound,
    d) the weaving of the said laps is resumed, introducing the said at least one binding thread (16) of the upper and intermediate laps and of the lower and intermediate laps into the basic weave of the said other lap,
    - before each fresh introduction of the said at least one binding thread (16) into the basic weave respectively of one of the said upper and intermediate laps and of the said lower and intermediate laps,
    e) the weaving of the said laps is suspended,
    f) at least one binding thread (16) of the upper and intermediate laps and of the lower and intermediate laps is pulled by a given length, placing at least part of the said pulled lengths on the outside of the assembly formed by the said walls thus bound,
    g) then the weaving of the said laps is resumed, introducing the said at least one binding thread (16) of the upper and intermediate laps and of the lower and intermediate laps into the basic weave of the said other lap.
  10. Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that the said at least one binding thread (16) of the said upper and intermediate walls is pulled using a first grasping element, placing at least part of the said pulled length on top of the upper lap and in that the said at least one binding thread (16) of the said lower and intermediate walls is pulled using a second grasping element, placing at least part of the said pulled length underneath the said lower lap.
  11. Method according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the said at least one binding thread and the threads that make up the said laps are pre-impregnated beforehand at the start of the weaving operations.
  12. Weaving loom comprising a weaving zone (18) into which weft threads are introduced in at least an upper pathways and a lower pathway, each of the said weft threads being introduced between at least two warp threads by at least one weft introduction element, first means for resting against one of the said pathways and determining the position of the said warp threads with respect to the said weft thread and second means for introducing at least one binding thread (16) on top, between and underneath the said pathways, characterized in that it comprises at least one element for grasping the said at least one binding thread (16) and means for moving the said at least one grasping element out of and into the weaving zone (18) so as to place the said at least one grasping element (19) in contact with the said at least one binding thread (16) and allow the said at least one binding thread (16) to be pulled.
  13. Weaving loom according to Claim 12, characterized in that the said at least one grasping element is a tamplet (19).
  14. Weaving loom according to Claim 13, characterized in that the edge (20) of the said tamplet intended to receive the said at least one binding thread (16) comprises means of retaining the said binding threads to prevent the said threads (16) from slipping when they are being pulled.
  15. Weaving loom according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that at least the edge of the said tamplet intended to receive the said at least one binding thread (16) has a shape that acts as a template for the release to be conferred upon one of the said laps in line with the said at least one binding thread (16).
  16. Weaving loom according to Claim 12, characterized in that the said at least one grasping element is a needle having a hook at its end.
  17. Weaving loom according to Claim 16, characterized in that it comprises individual control means for each of the said needles so as to make it possible to vary the pulled length from one binding thread (16) to another.
  18. Weaving loom according to any one of Claims 12 to 17, characterized in that it is a dry-type weaving loom, such as an air-jet loom, a rapier loom or a projectile loom.
EP09705577.6A 2008-01-29 2009-01-28 Weaving method and loom for implementing this method Active EP2260133B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0850542A FR2926822B1 (en) 2008-01-29 2008-01-29 WEAVING METHOD AND WEAVING FABRIC FOR IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD
PCT/EP2009/050955 WO2009095415A1 (en) 2008-01-29 2009-01-28 Weaving method and loom for implementing this method

Publications (2)

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EP2260133A1 EP2260133A1 (en) 2010-12-15
EP2260133B1 true EP2260133B1 (en) 2017-03-15

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US (2) US8627855B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2260133B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5592272B2 (en)
FR (1) FR2926822B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009095415A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009095415A1 (en) 2009-08-06
FR2926822A1 (en) 2009-07-31
US20140014222A1 (en) 2014-01-16
US8627855B2 (en) 2014-01-14
US20110036446A1 (en) 2011-02-17
FR2926822B1 (en) 2010-05-28
JP5592272B2 (en) 2014-09-17
EP2260133A1 (en) 2010-12-15
US8950440B2 (en) 2015-02-10
JP2011511174A (en) 2011-04-07

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