EP2254349A2 - Procédé pour la fabrication des dispositifs acoustiques et pour la réduction des perturbations dues au vent - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication des dispositifs acoustiques et pour la réduction des perturbations dues au vent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2254349A2
EP2254349A2 EP10173178A EP10173178A EP2254349A2 EP 2254349 A2 EP2254349 A2 EP 2254349A2 EP 10173178 A EP10173178 A EP 10173178A EP 10173178 A EP10173178 A EP 10173178A EP 2254349 A2 EP2254349 A2 EP 2254349A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
input
output
unit
frequency
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10173178A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2254349A3 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Ueli Roeck
Silvia Allegro-Baumann
Franziska Pfisterer
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Sonova Holding AG
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Phonak AG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP10173178.4A priority Critical patent/EP2254349A3/fr
Publication of EP2254349A2 publication Critical patent/EP2254349A2/fr
Publication of EP2254349A3 publication Critical patent/EP2254349A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/50—Customised settings for obtaining desired overall acoustical characteristics
    • H04R25/505—Customised settings for obtaining desired overall acoustical characteristics using digital signal processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/06—Transformation of speech into a non-audible representation, e.g. speech visualisation or speech processing for tactile aids
    • G10L2021/065—Aids for the handicapped in understanding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
    • G10L21/0216—Noise filtering characterised by the method used for estimating noise
    • G10L21/0232—Processing in the frequency domain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
    • G10L25/90—Pitch determination of speech signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2225/00—Details of deaf aids covered by H04R25/00, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2225/43—Signal processing in hearing aids to enhance the speech intelligibility
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2410/00—Microphones
    • H04R2410/07—Mechanical or electrical reduction of wind noise generated by wind passing a microphone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/01—Hearing devices using active noise cancellation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/40—Arrangements for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H04R25/407—Circuits for combining signals of a plurality of transducers

Definitions

  • the present invention departs generally from the need of canceling wind disturbances from desired acoustical source reception as of speech or music etc.
  • Wind noise in hearing devices is a severe problem. Wind noise may reach magnitudes of 100 dB SPL (Sound Pressure Level) and even more. Users of hearing devices therefore often switch their device off in windy conditions, because acoustical perception with the hearing device in windy surrounding may become worse than without the hearing device.
  • Wind signals at sensing ports or acoustical/electrical input converters of hearing devices mounted with a predetermined spacing are far less correlated than are normal acoustical signals to be perceived, as especially speech, music etc.
  • Wind noise signals are not subject to the the roll-off behavior of a beamformer because of their lower correlation even at very low frequencies and considered at at least two spaced apart input converters. Whereas normal signals as speech is attenuated by the roll-off towards low frequencies, wind noise is not. Even worse, wind noise has a further adverse effect on signal transfer of normal signals affecting speech recognition. It masks speech-caused signals due to the "upwards-spread-off masking". Upward-spread-off masking is a phenomenon according to which a signal at a predetermined spectral frequency masks signals at higher frequency increasingly with increasing amplitude.
  • the above mentioned object is resolved by manufacturing a specifically tailored hearing device.
  • a method for manufacturing such a hearing device which comprises the steps of
  • the operational connections may at least in part be established between units before they are assembled. Further, it must be emphasized that the output signal of the filter arrangement is just an improved "picture" of the acoustical signals, specific signal processing as for hearing aid devices is performed downstream the filter arrangement.
  • the step of establishing operational connection of the output of the filter arrangement to the control input of the high-pass filter is performed via a statistics evaluating unit.
  • statistics evaluation unit we understand a unit at which the behavior of the input signal is continuously monitored during a predetermined amount of time and there is formed over time a statistical criterion of such signal. Generically the output signal of the statistic-forming unit reacts with a time lag on momentarily prevailing characteristics of the input signal and has thus, generalized, a low-pass characteristic.
  • statistics-forming and evaluating unit may include LMS-type algorithms (Least Means Square) or other algorithms like Recursive Least Square (RLS) or Normalized Least Means Square (NLMS) algorithms.
  • the statistics-evaluating unit determines the amount of energy of the signal fed to its input and being indicative of the energy at the output of the filter arrangement. Adjusting the high-pass filter characteristic is performed so as to minimize such energy. Thereby preferably one of the algorithms mentioned above is applied. By adjusting the high-pass characteristic, the cut-off frequency or frequencies and/or attenuation slope or slopes and/or low frequency attenuation may be adjustable. In a further embodiment the statistics forming and evaluation unit may estimate speech intelligibility of the output signal of the filter arrangement e.g. by computing the known speech intelligibility index or may estimate speech quality e.g. by computing segmental SNR.
  • the addressed high-pass filter arrangement is realized with a predictor unit, thereby preferably in that there is operationally connected to the output of the input converter arrangement a unit with a predictor unit in the following structure:
  • the low-pass filter With a preceding delay unit - there is established prediction of evolution of the filter input signal.
  • the low-pass filter is controlled from the output of the comparing unit via statistics evaluation unit, thus with a relatively long reaction time, the low-pass filter may be adjusted to minimize the difference of prediction and actual signal, nevertheless substantially maintaining the spectrum of acoustical normal signals as of speech and music substantially less attenuated.
  • high-pass filter characteristic adjustment the device manufactured becomes optimally adapted to time-varying wind situations.
  • an analog to digital conversion unit which is operationally connected at its input side to the output of the input converter arrangement and operationally connected at its output side to the input of the addressed high-pass filter arrangement.
  • the said filter arrangement is construed as a digital filter arrangement.
  • a processor unit for establishing signal processing of the device according to individual needs and/or purpose of the device and has an input and an output.
  • the input of the filter arrangement is operationally connected to an output of the input converter arrangement, which has a control input for adjusting the characteristic.
  • the control input is operationally connected to the output of the filter arrangement, which is further operationally connected to the output converter via the processing unit.
  • the above mentioned object is resolved by the method of reducing disturbances, especially wind disturbances, in a hearing device with an input acoustical/electrical converter arrangement, which generates a first electric output signal.
  • Such method comprises the steps of filtering a signal which is dependent from the first electric signal with a variable high-pass characteristic so as to generate a second electric signal and by adjusting the variable characteristic of the high-pass filter by a third signal which is derived or dependent on the second signal.
  • generating the third signal in dependency of the second signal includes performing a statistical evaluation on the second signal, and the third signal is generated in dependency of the result of the statistical evaluation.
  • the energy of the second signal is evaluated and adjusting of the high-pass characteristic is performed so as to minimize this energy.
  • filtering is realized by predicting and forming a difference from a prediction result and an actual signal, whereby such difference is minimized by appropriately adjusting the filter characteristics. Further, in a preferred form of realizing the method it comprises the steps of
  • filtering and adjusting is performed digitally.
  • the statistics forming and evaluation unit has a further input which is operationally connected to the input of the filter arrangement.
  • the present invention deals most generically with improving signal-to-noise ratio at a hearing device.
  • this part of the invention is most suited to reestablish improved signal-to-noise ratio with respect to wind noise after a signal has been processed by high-pass filtering as was explained under the first aspect of the invention.
  • a pitch-filter is comb-filter with a multitude of narrow pass-bands. It covers for a signal with fundamental and harmonic spectral lines all predominant lines or a predetermined number thereof with pass-bands.
  • a method for manufacturing a hearing device which comprises the steps of
  • establishing the operational connection in the method of manufacturing the hearing device with the pitch filter may be done at least in part well in advance of assembling the units to form the device whenever pitch detection is to be performed by a recursive method, in a preferred embodiment a further input of the pitch detector is operationally connected to the output of the pitch filter.
  • a hearing device which comprises
  • a method for improving signal-to-noise ratio in a hearing device which comprises pitch filtering a first signal dependent from an output signal of an acoustical/electrical input converter arrangement, monitoring the actual pitch frequencies of predominant frequency components within the first signal and adjusting the pitch position of the pitch filtering dependent on the actual pitch frequency positions as monitored.
  • the technique according to the present invention under its first aspect the signal components to be improved as resulting from speech or music may be attenuated to some extent by high-pass filtering.
  • SNR with respect to wind noise is further improved. This is realized by first operating or performing the invention with adjustable high-pass filtering upon a signal dependent from the output signal of the input converter arrangement and operating on a signal dependent on the output signal of such high-pass filtering the technique according to the just addressed 1 st sub-aspect, namely of pitch filtering with controllably adjustable pitch frequency position.
  • one characteristic of speech signals is that the fundamental is approximately between 50 Hz and 1 kHz.
  • an analog to digital conversion unit is provided with an input and with an output, and there is established the operational connection between the output of the input converter arrangement and the one input of the adding unit as well as to the input of the first band pass filter via such analog to digital conversion unit.
  • the filter units, the non-linear modulation unit and the adding unit are realized as digital units.
  • a hearing device which comprises an acoustical/electrical input converter arrangement with an output, a first band pass filter unit with an input and with an output and with a band selected to pass selected harmonics of speech, a non-linear modulation unit with an input and with an output, a second band-pass filter or low-pass filter unit selected to pass different selected harmonics having an input and an output.
  • an adding unit with two inputs and with an output.
  • the output of the input converter arrangement is operationally connected to a first input of the adding unit, substantially without frequency filtering, the output of the input converter arrangement is further operationally connected to the input of the first band pass filter unit, whereby the output of that unit is operationally connected to the input of the non-linear modulation unit.
  • the output of the non-linear modulation unit is operationally connected to the input of the second band pass filter or of the low-pass filter unit, the output of which being operationally connected to the second input of the adding unit.
  • an acoustical device especially a hearing device, which comprises the steps of providing in a device casing an acoustical/electrical input converter arrangement generating at an output an electrical signal in frequency or frequency band domain with a beamformer amplification characteristic of acoustical signals impinging on said arrangement in dependency of impinging angle with which the acoustical signals impinge thereon and with a predetermined frequency roll-off characteristic of the beamformer characteristic.
  • a normalizing unit with in input and with an output and there is established an operational connection of the output of the converter arrangement and the input of the normalizing unit. Further, there is provided a memory unit with the predetermined roll-off characteristic stored therein. Still further, there is provided a comparing unit.
  • a controlled selection unit with a control input, an input as well as an output and there is established an operational connection between the output of the converter arrangement and the input of the selection unit as well as between the output of the comparing unit and the control input of the selection unit.
  • the selection unit is controlled to attenuate frequency components of the electric signal input to its output, the normalized values of which non-resulting in a predetermined comparison result at the comparing unit differently than such components for which said comparison does result in the predetermined result.
  • an acoustical/electrical input converter arrangement with a single acoustical/electrical input converter as of a directional microphone with an intrinsic beamformer characteristic, also in this case it is preferred to provide at the input converter arrangement at least one second acoustical/electrical input converter.
  • the beamformer characteristic is generated, as known, on the basis of the output signals of two or more than two distinct acoustical/electrical converters.
  • the input converter arrangement as provided has at least two input acoustical/electrical converters.
  • an input converter arrangement is provided with at least two acoustical/electrical converters
  • the input arrangement is provided with at least two time domain to frequency or to frequency band domain conversion units.
  • One of these conversion units is operationally connected to one of the at least two input converters, the second one of these conversion units to a second one of the at least two input converters.
  • the output signal of that converter as well as the output signal of a further input converter is time domain to frequency or frequency band domain converted.
  • the beamformer unit with a control input and there is established an operational connection between the output of the comparing unit and the control input of the beamformer unit.
  • the input converter arrangement as provided has at least two input acoustical/electrical converters there is established an operational connection between an output of one of these at least two input converters via a further output of the input converter arrangement, and a further input of the normalizing unit for receiving there a normalizing signal.
  • normalizing signals are applied frequency- or frequency band-specifically.
  • varying attenuation at the selection unit is performed softly. It is preferred not to binaurally switch from maximum attenuation, e.g. leading to zero level, to minimum attenuation e.g. leading to maximum level. Therefore, in a further preferred embodiment there is provided a signal transfer unit with a low-pass-type signal transfer between its input and output, and the operational connection between the output of the comparing unit and the control input of the selection unit is provided via such signal transfer unit.
  • frequency or frequency band-specific attenuation is adjustable continuously of substantially continuously as in small steps, controlled by the control signals.
  • the predetermined result established is when said normalized values are at most equal to roll-off characteristic values at the respective frequencies considered. There is thus checked, whether the normalized beamformer output signals at the specific frequency is at most equal to the value of the roll-off characteristic at that frequency, and if it is this frequency component is passed to the output by the selection unit, if it is not the respective component becomes attenuated.
  • an acoustical, thereby especially a hearing device which comprises an input acoustical/electrical converter arrangement, which has an output and generates an output signal thereat with a beamformer amplification characteristic having a predetermined frequency roll-off characteristic.
  • This output signal is in the frequency or in the frequency band domain.
  • a normalizing unit with an input which is operationally connected to the output of the input converter arrangement and with an output which is operationally connected to one input of a comparing unit.
  • a memory unit with a predetermined roll-off characteristic stored therein, an output of which being operationally connected to a second input of the comparing unit.
  • a control selection unit with a control input and a signal input operationally connected to the output of the input converter arrangement has its control input operationally connected to the output of the comparing unit, thereby controllably attenuating frequency components in a signal input to a signal output, for which comparison has not shown up a predetermined result, thereby performing said attenuating differently than upon components for which the comparison result has affirmatively resulted in the predetermined result.
  • a method for at least substantially canceling wind disturbances in an acoustical device thereby especially in a hearing device, which has an input acoustical/electrical converter arrangement, which generates at an output an electric signal in frequency or in frequency band domain with a beamformer amplification characteristic with respect to impinging angle with which acoustical signals impinge upon the arrangement and with a predetermined frequency roll-off characteristic.
  • the method comprises the steps of normalizing a signal which depends on the electric signal in frequency or frequency band domain, comparing frequency or frequency band specifically the normalized signals with respective values of the frequency roll-off characteristic and attenuating frequency signal components of the electrical signal in dependency of the results of the comparing operation.
  • a method of manufacturing a beamforming device comprises providing in a casing of the device a beamformer unit which operates in frequency or in frequency band domain.
  • a control input which frequency or frequency band selectively controls beamforming of the beamformer unit.
  • a control unit which has an output for frequency or frequency band selective control signals, and there is established an operational connection between the output of the control unit and the said control input.
  • the method comprises providing the control unit with a frequency or frequency band selective noise detector.
  • control unit having a wind noise detector.
  • wind noise is in fact a band-specific noise, which is detected by a respectively tailored frequency- or frequency band-selective noise detector.
  • the beamformer unit with at least two input converters, each having an output.
  • at least one controlled frequency- or frequency band-specific attenuation unit with a frequency or frequency band selective attenuation control input, further with an input and an output.
  • a beamformer processing unit which has at least two inputs and an output.
  • a beamforming device preferably an acoustical device, most preferably a hearing device, which comprises a beamformer unit, which is operating in frequency or frequency band domain, and which has a control input for frequency or frequency band selectively controlling beamforming.
  • a control unit which has an output for frequency- or frequency band-specific control signals, which is operationally connected to the said control input.
  • the invention under the presently discussed fourth aspect namely of selectively controlling beamforming, may and is preferably used and applied when realizing the present invention under its third aspect:
  • the present invention proposes a novel and most advantageous wind noise detection technique, which may be applied especially irrespective of the concept of the input converter arrangement with respect to number of acoustical/electrical converters.
  • an acoustical device which comprises providing an acoustical/electrical input converter arrangement into a casing of the device, whereby the arrangement has an output.
  • a calculation unit which has an input and an output. Operational connection is established between the output of the converter arrangement and the input of the calculating unit.
  • the calculation unit is programmed to calculate from a signal input the frequency coordinate values of the balance point of a surface defined by the spectrum of the said signal in a predetermined frequency range.
  • the calculating unit thereby generates an output signal in dependency of the said coordinate value, which is indicative of wind noise.
  • the calculation unit as provided is programmed to continuously average the coordinate values of the addressed balance point over a predetermined amount of time and/or to continuously calculate the variance of the coordinate value over a predetermined amount of time.
  • generating of the output signal comprises generating such signal at least in dependency of such averaging and/or the said variance.
  • an acoustical device which comprises an acoustical/electrical input converter arrangement with an output, a calculation unit with an input being operationally connected to the output of the converter arrangement.
  • the calculation unit is programmed to calculate from an input signal the frequency coordinate value of the balance point of a surface of the spectrum in a predetermined frequency range.
  • the calculation unit further generates an output signal in dependency of the found coordinate value, which output signal is indicative of wind noise.
  • Such method comprises the step of electronically calculating the frequency coordinate value of the balance point of the spectrum of the signal within a predetermined frequency range and generating a wind noise indicative signal in dependency of this value.
  • Fig. 2 there is shown, by means of a simplified schematic signal-flow/functional block diagram, an acoustical device, especially a hearing device as manufactured according to the present invention under its first aspect.
  • the device as shown performs the method according to the present invention under this first aspect.
  • the device comprises, assembled into a schematically shown device casing 1, an input acoustical/electrical converter arrangement 3.
  • Such arrangement 3 may comprise one or more than one specific acoustical/electrical converters as of microphones. It provides for an electric output at A 3 , whereat the arrangement 3 generates an electric signal S 3 .
  • a signal S 3 ' dependent on S 3 is fed to input E 5 of a high-pass filter arrangement 5.
  • the filter arrangement 5 has a control input C 5 for control signals SC 5 which, applied to C 5 , control the high-pass characteristic as shown in block 5 and with respect to its one or more than one corner frequencies f c , its low-frequency attenuating, one or more than one attenuation slopes.
  • the high-pass filtered signal S 5 output at an output A 5 and is operationally connected, possibly via further signal processing, especially as will be described in context with the second aspect of the present invention, to one or more than one electrical/mechanical output converter arrangements 7 of the device.
  • the statistic-forming unit 9 performs registering and evaluating selected characteristics of signal S" 5 over time. There results from performing such statistical evaluation that the signal S 9 has a low-pass-type dependency from signal S" 5 input to unit 9.
  • the output signal S 9 at output A 9 is operationally connected, possibly by some intermediate additional signal processing, as e.g. amplification or filtering, to the control input C 5 as a control signal SC 5 and controls the high-pass filter characteristic HP of filter unit 5.
  • additional signal processing as e.g. amplification or filtering
  • the high-pass filter arrangement 5 provides for attenuating wind noise has its corner frequency f c set and adjusted adjacent the upper end of the wind noise spectra, i.e. somewhere between 1 kHz and 10 kHz.
  • the unit 9 generates the output signal S 9 which does not vary in time on the basis of short-term single signal variation of S" 5 , but only with long-term or frequency variations and thereby controls the filter characteristics of filter arrangement 5 to optimize attenuation of such long-term or frequent variations, i.e. signal components as resulting from wind noise.
  • Signal components in S" 5 resulting from normal acoustical signals not to be canceled as from speech or music and appearing in S" 5 with spectra rapidly changing in time will substantially not be canceled by the filter arrangement 5, at least substantially less than steadily or slowly varying or repeatedly occurring signal components as caused by wind noise.
  • the output signal S 3 of input converter arrangement 3 is analog/digital converted by an analog/digital conversion unit 11.
  • the filter arrangement 5 as of fig. 2 is realized by a digital filter unit 13.
  • the signal S 3 ' as input according to fig. 2 to the filter arrangement 5 is now digital and applied to the input E 13 of digital HP-filter unit 13.
  • the high-pass - HP - filter arrangement 5 is realized making use of a predictor 15. It comprises a time delay unit 19 and a low-pass digital filter 17, which may be of FIR or IIR type and may be of any particular implementation, e.g. of lattice, direct form, etc. structures.
  • Signal samples x(n) from input signal S' 3 are input to time delay unit 19, at its input E 19 . Delayed samples x(n-1) at output A 19 of unit 19 are input at input E 17 to low-pass filter unit 17, whereat the samples are low-pass filtered to generate at an output A 17 an output signal p(n).
  • the units 19 and 17 represent as known to the skilled artisan a predictor and the output signal p(n) is the prediction result.
  • the prediction result p(n) is compared by subtraction at a subtraction unit 21 with the actual sample x(n) of the actual input signal according to S' 3 .
  • the output A 17 of filter unit 17 is operationally connected to one input of comparing unit 21, the other input thereof being operationally connected to the input E 13 of high-pass filter unit 13 without substantial frequency filtering.
  • a matching time delay unit may be introduced in the connection from input E 13 to the one input of unit 21 as shown in dashed lines at 22.
  • the predictor error signal e(n) is generated, which is indicative for the deviation of the prediction result p(n) from actual signal x(n).
  • the low-pass filter unit 17 has a control input C 17 .
  • a control signal applied to that input C 17 adjusts the coefficients and/or adaption time constants of the digital filter unit 17.
  • the input C 17 of low-pass filter unit 17 represents, with an eye on fig. 2 , the control input C 5 of the high-pass filter arrangement 5.
  • the signal S 13 according to the predictor error e(n), is on one hand and as was explained in context with fig. 2 operationally connected to at least one electrical/mechanical output converter (not shown here) of the device.
  • a signal S 13 " which depends, possibly via some additional signal processing as e.g. amplification, to signal S 13 is input to input E 23 of statistics forming and evaluating unit 23.
  • unit 23 monitors the overall energy of the signal S" 13 .
  • the control signal C 17 to the low-pass filter unit 17 is made dependent from the output signal S 23 of unit 23, which is representing the overall energy of the input signal S 13 " .
  • the adaption time constants and/or the filter coefficients of filter unit 17 are adjusted to minimize the energy of signal S" 13 and thus of S 13 .
  • unit 23 may estimate speech signal intelligibility at signal S 13 " e.g. by computing from that signal speech an intelligibility index.
  • unit 23 may estimate speech signal quality e.g. by segmental SNR computation.
  • the input E 13 may be operationally connected to a further input E 232 of statistics forming and evaluating unit 23.
  • the predictor 19, 17 will reconstitute the predictable parts of signal x(n) as accurately as possible. Therefore, the prediction error e(n) will only contain non-predictable parts of signal x(n). Because wind noise constitutes substantially predictable components of x(n) and, in opposition, signals to be perceived as especially from speech or music, are non-predictable parts of x(n), the wind noise components are canceled from the output signal S 13 , finally acting upon the output converter 7, whereas speech or music signals, as non-predictable signals, are passed by S 13 to the converter 7.
  • the order of the digital filter 17 may be low, preferably below 5 th order FIR.
  • the resulting filter is thus cheap to implement and still very efficient.
  • Such low-order filter has additionally the advantage of allowing relatively fast adaption times, thus enabling tracking fluctuations of wind noise accurately. Further, it has been found that by the disclosed technique, especially according to fig. 3 , wind noise is substantially more attenuated than target signals like speech or music, thereby improving comfort and signal-to-noise ratios.
  • Fig. 4 shows, by means of a simplified, schematic functional block/signal-flow diagram an acoustical device, especially a hearing device as manufactured by the present invention, thereby disclosing a hearing device according to the present invention, which performs the signal processing method according to the present invention, namely under the first sub-aspect of its second aspect.
  • an input acoustical/electrical converter arrangement 3 which again may be equipped with one or more than one input acoustical/electrical converters as of microphones, provides at its output A 3 the signal S 3 .
  • the pitch filter unit 30 is a comb filter as schematically shown within the block of unit 30 with a multitude of pass-bands PB.
  • the filter characteristic of the pitch filter unit 30 is adjustable by a control signal SC 30 applied to a control input C 30 . Thereby, especially the spectral positions as of f 1 , f 2 ... of the pass-bands PB are adjusted.
  • a further signal dependent on the signal S 3 preferably with the same dependency as D 3 , F 32 , is input to an input E 32 of a pitch detector unit 32.
  • the pitch detector unit 32 detects the pitch frequencies f Sx and generates at its output A 32 an output signal G 32 which is indicative of spectral pitch position, i.e. of the pitch frequency f Sx of input signal F 32 .
  • the output A 32 of pitch detector unit 32 is operationally connected to the control input C 30 so as to apply there the control signal SC 30 which is indicative of spectral pitch positions within signal F 32 and thus S 3 .
  • the spectral positions of the pass-bands PB are thereby adjusted to coincide with the spectral pitch position f Sx in signal F 32 and thus in signal S 3 , so that at the output A 30 of the adjustable pitch filter unit 30 a signal S 30 is generated, whereat the noise spectrum according to N is substantially attenuated, whereas the pitch components are passed.
  • a further input E 322 of unit 32 is operationally connected to the output A 30 of pitch filter unit 30.
  • the output signal S 30 is further processed by the device specific signal processor, especially to consider individual needs with respect to hearing improvement as was addressed in context with fig. 2 and is finally operationally connected via such possible signal processing to at least one output electrical/mechanical converter 7.
  • establishing operational connections between the respective units may at least to a certain extent be done before assembling such units to the one or more than one device casings, one of them being schematically shown in fig. 1 at reference No. 1.
  • the teaching according to this sub-aspect of the present invention may ideally be combined with the teaching of the present invention under its first aspect.
  • This is schematically shown in fig. 5 .
  • the output A 3 of the input converter arrangement 3 is operationally connected, again preferably via an analog to digital conversion unit (not shown), to the input E 5 of filter arrangement 5, preferably realized according to fig. 3 , the output thereof, A 5 , being operationally connected to the adjustable pitch filter system 30/32 as of fig. 4 .
  • the pitch filter unit 30 in a preferred mode of realization will especially be tailored with pass-bands within the wind noise spectrum as of fig. 1 , thereby to reestablish pitches, i.e. frequency components of the tracking signals especially of speech or music signals in that spectral band.
  • the technique according to this sub-aspect i.e. applying a controllably adjustable pitch filter, may be more generically used to reduce signal-to-noise ratio with respect to tracking signals especially at acoustical devices.
  • the teaching according to this second sub-aspect is more specifically directed on improving speech signals.
  • an input acoustical/electrical converter arrangement 3 has an output A 3 .
  • a signal H 3 which depends from the signal S 3 output from input converter arrangement 3 is fed to a first input E 401 of an adding unit 40.
  • a signal I 3 is branched off.
  • the operational connection of the output A 3 to the branching point P is thereby, in a preferred mode, established via the high-pass filtering unit as was explained with the help of figs. 2 and 3 and in context with the first aspect of the present invention as will be explained later.
  • With respect to frequency content there occurs substantially no frequency filtering in the signal transfer path between branching point P and E 401 , which would be different from such filtering of signal I 3 .
  • the signal I 3 is input to an input E 42 of a band-pass filter unit 42 with a pass-band PB 42 .
  • an output signal I 42 is operationally connected to an input E 44 of a non-linear modulation unit 44.
  • the input signal I' 42 is modulated at a nonlinear e.g. parabolic characteristic.
  • the modulation result signal I 44 at output A 44 is operationally connected to input E 46 of a second band-pass filter or of a low-pass filter unit 46, without significant frequency filtering.
  • Unit 46 generates at its output A 46 a signal I 46 .
  • a signal I' 46 dependent from the signal I 46 without significant frequency filtering is applied to the second input E 402 of adding unit 40, generating at its output A 40 the signal S 40 .
  • This output signal S 40 is (not shown) operationally connected to further signal processing units of the acoustical device, especially the hearing device, which accomplishes device-specific and/or user-specific signal processing.
  • the pass-band PB 42 of unit 42 is selected to pass high SNR harmonics, resulting in I 42 as of fig. 7(c) .
  • This signal is subjected at unit 44 to non-linear modulation.
  • non-linear modulation e.g. at a parabolic characteristic
  • new harmonics are produced as generically shown in fig. 7(d) , also considering intermodulation products and folding at the zero-frequency axes.
  • the signal I 44 with good SNR or the signal dependent therefrom is fed to unit 46 with a filter characteristic as shown in fig. 7(e) , whereat those harmonics within signal I 44 according to fig. 7(d) are canceled or filtered out, which do not accord with original speech harmonics according to fig. 7(a) to be improved as shown in fig. 7(e) .
  • the signal I' 46 with the spectrum according to 7(f) possibly amplified is added to the signal H 3 with a spectrum according to fig. 7(a) resulting in an output signal S 40 with speech fundamental and lower harmonics significantly improved with respect to SNR, and as shown in Fig. 7(g) .
  • the pass-band PB 42 of unit 42 is selected to coincide spectrally with a harmonics of speech with relatively good SNR and the characteristic of filter unit46 is selected so that in the resulting signal harmonics are present, which coincide spectrally with the poor SNR fundamental and lower harmonics of speech to be improved with respect to SNR.
  • the embodiment as shown in fig. 6 may thereby be implemented digitally by providing down-stream A 3 (not shown) an analog to digital conversion unit and further may be implemented by signal processing in frequency or frequency band domain, thereby adding respective time domain to frequency or frequency band domain conversion units.
  • a delay unit 43 may be provided between point P and input E 401 to compensate for time delays between P and E 402 .
  • the remaining units are provided and assembled in the same casing or in different casings, the operational connections between the different units being established before, at or after assembling the units in the one or more than one casings.
  • the addressed input acoustical/electrical converter arrangement may comprise one or more than one distinct input acoustical/electrical converters as of microphones and may thereby provide for beamformer characteristics. Nevertheless, the arrangement may also comprise only one distinct acoustical/electrical input converter.
  • the present invention under its third aspect is directed on acoustical devices, especially hearing devices with a mores specific input converter arrangement.
  • the input converter arrangement 60 has the following characteristics:
  • the beamformer characteristics may thereby be realized by applying a single, discrete input acoustical/electrical converter with an intrinsic directional characteristic or may be implied by means of more than one distinct input acoustical/electrical converters, e.g. following the well-known delay-and-add technique.
  • the output signal S 60 in frequency or frequency band domain or a signal dependent therefrom is branched at branching point P 60 .
  • Signal I 62 still dependent on output signal S 60 , is input to the input E 62 of a normalizing unit 62.
  • There each frequency sample of prevailing, actual value is normalized by a signal S N value fed to normalizing input N 62 of unit 62.
  • the normalizing unit 62 For each frequency sample the normalizing unit 62 generates at output A 62 a normalized value as signal I 62 , a signal dependent therefrom being fed to one input E 641 of a comparing unit 64.
  • a storing unit 66 is provided wherein the predetermined roll-off characteristic RO is stored.
  • the output A 66 thereof is operationally connected to the second input E 642 of comparing unit 64.
  • the output A 64 with the comparison result is fed to a control input C 68 of a selection unit 68.
  • a signal input E 68 of that unit is operationally connected via branching point P 60 to the output A 60 of converter arrangement 60.
  • Unit 68 generates signal S 68 at output A 68 .
  • the roll-off characteristic RO is defined as the quotient of a spectral component of a considered frequency at output signal S 60 to the value of the respective component in the acoustical signal impinging on the sensing area of arrangement 60. From unit 66, for each frequency sample f' a roll-off value is fed to unit 64. For comparison purposes the respective sample prevailing in signal I 60 must be normalized before any meaningful comparison may be performed at unit 64 with the respective frequency-specific roll-off value.
  • normalizing value S N fed to normalizing unit 62 must be dependent as accurately as possible on the actual value of frequency components of the acoustical signal impinging on converter arrangement 60.
  • a second microphone will be installed e.g. in arrangement 60.
  • Its output signal is operationally connected to the input N 62 of the normalizing unit 62 as normalizing signal S N .
  • an additional acoustical/electrical converter is preferably selected to have an omnidirectional characteristic.
  • such additional standardizing input converter 70 has an output, in fact forming a further output of converter arrangement 60, which is operationally connected to the input N 62 of normalizing unit 62 after time to frequency of frequency band domain conversion TFC at a unit 63.
  • each prevailing frequency sample of signal I 60 will be normalized with the value of respective spectral component of the acoustical signal.
  • Another possibility of normalizing the signal I 60 in the case of providing a directional input converter in arrangement 60 is to continuously average the signal after beamforming overall frequencies and over a predetermined amount of time and to apply the average result to input N 62 .
  • the input acoustical/electrical converter arrangement 60 needs only to be provided with a single input acoustical/electrical converter with intrinsic beamforming ability and the normalizing signal S N is established from the signal I 60 . Nevertheless it appears that such processing will be less accurate than processing normalization by the actual spectral component values of the acoustical signal as is performed with a normalizing omni-directional converter 17.
  • the beamforming ability of the input acoustical/electrical converter arrangement 60 is achieved by means of at least two discrete input acoustical/electrical converters, the output signals thereof being processed e.g. according to the well-known delay-and-add principal.
  • the input acoustical/electrical converter arrangement 60a has at least two distinct input acoustical/electrical converters 70, the output thereof being processed e.g. and as shown by the well-known delay-and-add method.
  • each single distinct converter 70 provides at its output an output signal yet not having been subjected to beamforming, which is performed in a beamformer processing unit 72
  • each of the output signals S 70 and S 70 ' has spectral components with the value according to that component in the impinging acoustic signal.
  • the signal of one of the distinct input converters is directly tapped off after time domain to frequency or frequency band domain conversion to an output A 60aN of arrangement 60a and a signal dependent therefrom is operationally connected to the input N 62 .
  • comparing unit 64 there is monitored for each frequency sampled whether the actual normalized value has a predetermined relationship with respect to the roll-off value. In a most preferred embodiment it is established for each normalized frequency sample value, whether it is at most equal to the roll-off value.
  • the output signals at the output A 64 of comparing unit 64 thereby indicate for which specific frequency the normalized value fulfills the predetermined comparison criterion, thus, as preferred, whether the normalized value is at most equal to the roll-off value.
  • the selection unit 68 In the selection unit 68, to which by input signal S' 60 the instantaneously prevailing frequency samples are fed, only those samples are passed for which the normalized samples fulfill the requested predetermined comparison criterion. Canceling the samples at those frequencies which do not fulfill the comparison criterion is easily done by establishing in the control signal applied to C 68 a zero for that not fulfilling frequency component and multiplying at the selection unit 68 the respective frequency samples by zero.
  • the spectral characteristic (b) represents clean speech
  • the characteristics (c) and (d) respectively represent strong and weak wind noise.
  • characteristic (a) represents typical roll-off characteristic.
  • fig. 12 there is shown by means of a simplified schematic signal-flow/functional block representation a preferred embodiment of establishing control between the comparing unit 64 and frequency sample selection at a selection unit 68a.
  • the unit 68a as well as 64 are operationally connected and fed with signals as was described with the help of fig. 9 .
  • fig. 12 As was explained with the help of fig.
  • a control signal which indicates whether the respective normalized value of the respective samples do or do not fulfill the predetermined comparison condition.
  • These signals are, according to fig. 12 first operationally connected to a unit 74 which has a transfer characteristic of low-pass type. This results in an output signal S 74 , which is a continuously varying average signal specifically for each frequency or frequency band.
  • the control signals applied to C 68a are not anymore binary pass/not pass control signals for unit 68, but do continuously or steadily vary between predetermined maximal and minimal values.
  • the selection unit 68 of fig. 9 is replaced by a frequency or frequency band selective attenuation unit 68a, in which frequency or frequency band specifically, the value of the frequency samples are attenuated, controlled by the frequency- or frequency band-specific control signals applied to C 68a .
  • a beamforming technique is proposed in which frequency or frequency band specifically beamforming may be controlled.
  • This technique under the fourth aspect of the present invention may be ideally combined with the technique as was explained in context with fig. 9 to 12 , i.e. in context with the third aspect of the present invention. This invention shall be explained with the help of fig. 13 .
  • a beamformer arrangement 80 comprises at least two distinct input acoustical/electrical converters 80 a and 80 b .
  • the electric outputs of the converters 80 a and 80 b are respectively connected to inputs E 82a and E 82b of respective time domain to frequency or frequency band domain conversion - TFC - units 82a and 82b.
  • the outputs A 82a and A 82b are generically input to a beamformer processing unit shown in fig. 13 within dashed-pointed lines and referred to by the reference No. 84.
  • beamformer processing unit 84 incorporates a - preferably controlled - delaying unit 86 and an adding/subtracting unit 88.
  • Both output signals of the TFC units 82a and 82b are operationally connected to the respective inputs E 84a and E 84b of the beamformer processing unit 84.
  • At least one of the operational connections between the respective outputs of the TFC units and respective inputs of the beamformer processing unit 84 comprises a frequency or frequency band selective control unit 90.
  • the control unit 90 has a control input C 90 to which control signals SC 90 are fed.
  • the control unit 90 is construed in fact equally to the selection unit 68 of fig. 9 or the attenuation unit 68a of fig. 12 .
  • frequency-specific or frequency band-specific control signals are applied, which control for each frequency-specific or frequency band-specific samples at the output of TFC unit 82b, how it is passed to input E 84b of the beamformer processing unit 84.
  • Binary passing/not passing samples of the respective frequency or frequency band according to the respective frequency- or frequency band-specific control signal to C 90 means switching the beamforming ability of the beamforming processing unit 84 for the specific frequencies considered on and off.
  • control signals to C 90 via a low-pass type unit 74a, operating as was explained in context with fig. 12 for unit 74 and/or to construe control unit 90 as a frequency- or frequency band-specific attenuation unit according to unit 68a, which was explained with the help of fig. 12 in context with the third aspect of the present invention.
  • the frequency- or frequency band-specific control signals SC 90 of fig. 13 are generated from a control unit 92, which generates at its output A 92 frequency- or frequency band-specific control signals for the frequency of frequency band-specific beamformer ability of acoustical/electrical converter and beamformer arrangement 80.
  • the addressed control unit 92 is a frequency- or frequency band-selective noise detector especially a wind noise detector.
  • the normalizing unit 62 and the comparing unit 64, to which the roll-off characteristic is fed from unit 66 represent in fact a frequency- or frequency band-selective noise detector unit, thereby even a wind noise detector unit.
  • a control unit 90 as of fig. 13 is preferably construed by a normalizing unit as of 62, a comparing unit 64 and storing unit 66 as of fig. 9 .
  • the invention according to the fourth aspect is combined with the invention according to the third aspect.
  • the input converter arrangement 60 is construed as an input converter arrangement 80 of fig. 13 .
  • the output of comparing unit 64 is additionally to be operationally connected to the control input C 68 of selection unit 68, operationally connected to the input C 90 of such input converter arrangement 80.
  • a wind noise detection technique is proposed, leading to a method of manufacturing an acoustical device with wind noise or more generically wind detection ability, further to a respective acoustical device and to a wind detecting method most preferably applicable for hearing devices, especially hearing aid devices.
  • an acoustical/electrical input converter arrangement 100 with one or more than one distinct acoustical/electrical input converters and having beamforming ability or not is provided, the output A 100 of which being operationally connected to the input E 102 of a calculating unit 102.
  • a spectrum with amplitude X over frequency axis f there is schematically shown a spectrum with amplitude X over frequency axis f.
  • the signal fed to E 102 has a spectrum which accords with or is dependent from the spectrum of acoustical signals impinging on a sensing area of the arrangement 100.
  • the calculation unit 102 is programmed to calculate from the spectrum at its input E 102 the frequency coordinate f b of the point of balance P B of the surface F. This is performed according to the well-known formula as indicated within the block of calculation unit 102 for calculating the balance point coordinates of a geometric surface.
  • the respective value forms the basis for deciding by evaluation, whether wind with a predetermined disturbing effect is present or not.
  • evaluation may comprise checking, whether the frequency coordinate value f b itself fulfills a predetermined criterion or not.
  • the average of the frequency coordinate value is calculated continuously over a predetermined time span, and it is evaluated, whether the average value f b fulfils a predetermined criterion or not.
  • the variance of the frequency coordinate f b is continuously calculated over a predetermined amount of time and again evaluation is made whether such variance value fulfills a predetermined criterion or not.
  • evaluation is preferably done on the basis of the quotient of average value to variance value of the said frequency coordinate f b and/or on the basis of the inverse quotient. From combining two or more than two of these testing criteria there is finally evaluated whether wind and thereby wind noise is present to a disturbing amount or not. Additional evaluation parameters may be used and considered in the calculation of calculating unit 102 by respective programming, so e.g. energy of the signal applied to E 102 , SNR with respect to speech signals, etc.
  • wind detection becomes possible from an acoustical/electrical input converter arrangement, irrespective of its specific layout.
  • the output of calculating unit 102 is used for appropriately controlling an acoustical device or for construing an acoustical device which is controlled according to the prevailing wind characteristics.
  • the operational connections between the various units are established preferably at least to a part before assembling the units in respective single or multiple casings. All aspects of the present invention do not address specific processing of electric signals representing audio signals according to specific device and/or individual needs.
  • the invention according to the present invention it is achieved - beside of wind recognition per se - that the electric signals at the output of an input acoustical to electrical converter arrangement representing audio signals are improved with respect to their relevancy on signals to be tracked as with respect to signal-to-noise ratio and thereby especially signal-to-wind noise ratio.

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  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
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  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
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EP10173178.4A 2003-03-03 2003-03-03 Procédé pour la fabrication des dispositifs acoustiques et pour la réduction des perturbations dues au vent Withdrawn EP2254349A3 (fr)

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EP10173182.6A Withdrawn EP2254350A3 (fr) 2003-03-03 2003-03-03 Procédé pour la fabrication des dispositifs acoustiques et pour la réduction des perturbations dues au vent
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EP1339256B1 (fr) 2017-12-27
EP2254352A2 (fr) 2010-11-24
EP1339256A2 (fr) 2003-08-27
EP1339256A3 (fr) 2005-06-22
EP2249586A2 (fr) 2010-11-10
DK1339256T3 (da) 2018-01-29
EP2254352A3 (fr) 2012-06-13
EP2254349A3 (fr) 2014-08-13
EP2254351A2 (fr) 2010-11-24
EP2254351A3 (fr) 2014-08-13
EP2249586A3 (fr) 2012-06-20
EP2254350A3 (fr) 2014-07-23
EP2254350A2 (fr) 2010-11-24

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