EP2251143A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un outil à l'aide d'un agent abrasif lié - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un outil à l'aide d'un agent abrasif lié Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2251143A1
EP2251143A1 EP09008823A EP09008823A EP2251143A1 EP 2251143 A1 EP2251143 A1 EP 2251143A1 EP 09008823 A EP09008823 A EP 09008823A EP 09008823 A EP09008823 A EP 09008823A EP 2251143 A1 EP2251143 A1 EP 2251143A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pore
green body
forming agent
wax
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09008823A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2251143B1 (fr
Inventor
Rainer Stabenow
Christian Wenzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hermes Schleifkoerper GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Hermes Schleifkoerper GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Hermes Schleifkoerper GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Hermes Schleifkoerper GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP09008823A priority Critical patent/EP2251143B1/fr
Publication of EP2251143A1 publication Critical patent/EP2251143A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2251143B1 publication Critical patent/EP2251143B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/005—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used during pre- or after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/348—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties utilised as impregnating agent for porous abrasive bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a bonded abrasive tool, a tool obtainable by this method, and a green body as a precursor of such a tool.
  • Bound abrasive tools are widely used in the art for surface finishing. Such tools are, for example, grinding wheels, abrasive segments, grinding rods or honing stones.
  • an abrasive for example corundum, silicon carbide, diamond or CBN of a desired grain size
  • a binder in particular a ceramic binder
  • This is pressed into a green body of the desired shape.
  • the green body is then dried at suitable temperatures, optionally freed from pore formers and finally fired by a ceramic.
  • a tool should have a certain porosity, usually also a certain pore shape and size. It is therefore known to add to the mixture a pore-forming agent (usually naphthalene) which occupies corresponding proportions of space in the green body.
  • the pore former is made by evaporation, sublimation or by Burn away. This can be done during the sintering process or in a temporally upstream process step at lower temperatures.
  • naphthalene can be removed even at relatively low temperatures, namely by sublimation at about 80 ° C.
  • Other important advantages of naphthalene are the good miscibility with other formulation components and the very low springback after pressing, which prevents cracks in the green body. Finally, the removal is made possible at a relatively low temperature, in which the abrasive article is dried anyway and other components of the grinding wheel mixture, such. B. binding components, not yet activated.
  • naphthalene as pore formers are its toxic and environmentally hazardous properties. Through an intense and typical odor, it pollutes the production facilities and the exhaust air and the surrounding area. Expenditures for occupational health and environmental protection dominate the corresponding manufacturing steps in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, naphthalene together with air can form explosive mixtures. Accordingly, costly and expensive safety precautions are required.
  • the invention has for its object to produce a certain porosity of grinding wheels by a method that does not or to a lesser extent have the above-mentioned disadvantages. It is desirable to avoid toxic and environmentally hazardous risks as well as expensive and complex process engineering solutions. Preferably, the option of pore formation in a wide range for all common ceramic grinding wheels should be respected, with no loss of grinding performance as well as mechanical strength to be accepted.
  • bonded abrasive tool abrasive
  • binder abrasive
  • green body abrasive tool
  • the organic pore-forming agent used according to the invention can be liquefied at temperatures between 40 and 350.degree.
  • Liquefied means that it is sufficiently low viscosity to be able to be at least partially removed from the pressed green body by means of the absorbent defined in more detail below.
  • the liquefaction process may in particular be a melting process, but in the context of the invention irreversible processes such as, for example, chemical decompositions (for example of thermosets) can lead to the desired liquefaction.
  • An absorbent for pore formers is any substance which, in contact with the heated green body, can withdraw and bind this pore former.
  • step e) of claim 1 takes place as usual in the prior art.
  • Any residual amounts of pore-forming agent in the green body are usually volatilized or decomposed in this sintering process, in particular burned (oxidized).
  • the pore former used is preferably in the solid state (below the liquefaction temperature) in addition to the elastic deformability also significantly plastically deformable.
  • the plastic deformability largely prevents springback after the shaping of the green body by pressing. Strong springback, which also affects the density of the fired abrasive wheel, can cause cracks in the green body after removal from the press or after firing.
  • a preferred temperature range in which the pore-forming agent is liquefiable is 50 to 200 ° C.
  • a wax or a liquefiable plastic can be used as the pore-forming agent.
  • the term "wax" is used in the context of the present invention as it is defined in Ullmanns Encyclopadia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th Edition, Volume 39, pages 135-197 , Paraffin waxes, in particular paraffin waxes shaped as granules, are suitable in the context of the invention, for example. Such waxes are not classified as hazardous, nor do they cause an odor nuisance.
  • Low-melting paraffin waxes tend to clump and stick to the press tool. Fusible
  • waxes can be incorporated into the mixture using a sieve to prevent clumping.
  • a so-called temporary adhesive liquid adhesive
  • a so-called temporary adhesive liquid adhesive
  • Low-melting or otherwise liquefiable plastics can likewise be used as pore formers in the context of the invention.
  • examples include polyacrylates such as Porlat® Zschimmer & Schwarz.
  • the proportion of the pore-forming agent in the total weight of the green body is preferably between 2 and 35% by weight, more preferably 2 and 25% by weight, more preferably 6 and 20% by weight .-%.
  • the absorbents can be selected in the context of the invention, for example, from the group consisting of pulp products, polymer absorbers, silicates, zeolites, clays, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, hydrogels, swelling gums, swelling pastes, gauze and cotton wool.
  • at least part of the pore-forming agent is physically removed by absorption after heating the green body to a suitable temperature.
  • the absorbent preferably withdraws the liquid pore-forming agent from the green body by capillary action of the cavities contained in the absorbent. There are thus no toxic or environmentally harmful combustion products free, also arise at the relatively low condensing temperatures no or at least no appreciable amounts of flammable or explosive gases or gas mixtures.
  • Preferred heights in this test are at least 4, 5, 7 and 8 cm, respectively.
  • the absorbent preferably has a capacity for taking up the pore former of at least 0.5 times its own weight, more preferably at least 0.8 times its own weight, more preferably at least the simple own weight.
  • the method according to the invention does not allow the pore former to be removed from the green body without residue.
  • the invention has recognized that this does not affect the quality of the tools obtained in the sintering process.
  • the extent harmless residual amount of pore formers, which may remain in the green body depends inter alia on the pore volume and content, the grain size and type of binding and amount of green body, from the dimensions of the green body and the pore former used. Avoid too strong gas evolution by evaporation or burning of the pore-forming agent during sintering (such gas evolution can not blow up a sufficiently solid green body) and an excessive local exothermic reaction, which can increase the temperature above the desired sintering temperature.
  • a significant proportion of pore formers can remain in the green body without impairing the sintering process and properties of the abrasive article. It may be sufficient in such green bodies, to remove at least 35 wt .-% of the pore former before sintering from the green body by absorption. Further preferred according to the invention is the removal of at least 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90% by weight of the pore-forming agent by absorption before carrying out the sintering process. The removal of at least 70 or 80% by weight of the pore-forming agent is expedient, in particular for larger green bodies (eg body # 5 in Table 1) and / or a high pore content.
  • the invention further relates to a tool made of bonded abrasive, obtainable by a method according to the invention.
  • the invention also relates to the use of an organic pore-forming agent, which is liquefiable at temperatures between 40 and 350 ° C, in the production of a green body of abrasive, binder and this pore-forming agent.
  • the invention further provides a green body as a precursor to and for producing a tool of bonded abrasive containing abrasive, binder and a pore-forming agent.
  • the proportion of the pore-forming agent in the total weight of the green body according to the invention is preferably between 2 and 35 wt .-%, more preferably 2 and 25 wt .-%, more preferably 6 and 20 wt .-%.
  • the binders are substances from the system SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -Edalkalioxide-alkali oxides and other oxides that cause particular eg color as well as physical-technical properties of the grinding wheel.
  • the temperatures used in the liquefaction and removal of the wax are comparatively low and cause no specific change in properties of the optionally used abrasives such as corundum, silicon carbide, diamond or CBN Corundum used in the examples is therefore representative of all abrasives used to produce porous grinding wheels.
  • the time-related height of rise of the wax in the in FIG. 1 measured experimental setup.
  • the disk # 4 shown in Table 1 was used.
  • a glass riser with an inner diameter of 10 mm and an outer diameter of 12 mm was placed on the top of this green body.
  • the underside of this glass tube was provided with a pulp diaphragm consisting of a layer "Advanced Wiper 420 Green".
  • the absorbent to be tested was filled in the riser.
  • the riser was in the in FIG. 1 shown manner placed on top of the disc 4 and the entire assembly exposed to a temperature of 125 ° C.
  • the rate of absorption of wax 7040 was measured at 125 ° C according to the construction shown in Figure 1 by determining the height of rise h as a function of time.
  • the heights of the wax as a function of time and the absorbent used are shown in Table 3.
  • the absorbents Vario Sorb III and Uni-Safe Plus are relatively coarse-grained.
  • To improve the internal contact of the absorbent and the contact with the surface of the green body mixtures with CALFLO E in the ratio 98: 2 (2 wt .-% CALFLO E) were additionally checked in these two absorbents. The results are shown in Table 3 and in FIG. 2 graphically applied.
  • Table 3 Rising height in mm at 125 ° C Time [h] / absorber Celite 400D Calflo E Vario Sorb IIIR Uni-Safe Plus Vario Sorb + Calflo E (98: 2) Uni-Safe + Calflo E (98: 2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 28 37 50 25 46 53 3 48 65 65 80 60 80 4 55 65 66 80 62 90 6 73 86 70 89 64 92 8th 82 92 70 90 65 95 26.5 142 155 73 100 70 100
  • FIG. 2 represents the rise heights as a function of time.
  • Fig. 2 shows that in Vario Sorb III and the mixture with Calflo E, the final height was reached after about 6 h and there is only a small difference between pure absorber and mixture with Calflo E.
  • the maximum rise height with Uni-Safe Plus and the mixture with Calfo E is 100 mm and is also almost reached after only 6 h. A favorable effect of the mixture is not recognizable.
  • the negative pressure is proportional to the height of rise h, ie the absorption force increases from the Vario-Sorb IIIR via Uni-Safe Plus to the Celite D and Calflo E and is apparently essentially due to the decreasing capillary radii.
  • Fig. 4 shows the amount of absorbed wax over time for different disk patterns and absorbers.
  • the graphic largely confirms that from the Fig. 2 and 3 Results obtained: Celite 400D and Calflo E absorb similar amounts of wax over time to 26.5 h, while Uni-Safe Plus is less than 50% over the same period and Vario-Sorb IIIR approximately 50% of Calflo E and Celite 400 D achieved.
  • wax-filled abrasives were coated with a minimum of absorber. It was ensured that a larger residual wax content remains in the abrasive body.
  • Fig. 5 shows the maximum capacity for four different absorbers.
  • An abrasive article was prepared using paraffin wax as a pore former.
  • the composition of the green body corresponds to sample # 1 according to Table 1.
  • the paraffin wax used was the product wax 7040 from the manufacturer Sasol Wax GmbH with a weight fraction of 25.4%.
  • the fired disc as the final product had a porosity of 65.1% by volume, a uniform pore distribution as well as a flawless micrograph.
  • the pore volume of the final product produced by the wax was 50.8% by volume.
  • the paraffin wax was removed after pressing the green compact by means of an absorber.
  • the green compact was laid on several layers of Tork Advanced Wiper 420 green pulp and the system was heated to 100 ° C. heated.
  • Fig. 6 shows the test result.
  • Wax uptake in cm 3 / g and the capillary action of different absorbers based on pulp or polyurethane are shown in Table 4.
  • the types DIM RG 40, DIM RG 30, Collar 2435 and Collar 23510 are able to absorb relatively high wax volumes near the surface. Nevertheless, these products are moderately suitable for use according to the invention because apparently there is virtually no capillary action due to largely closed porosity.
  • the types DIM S 4500 PES (white), DIM cell D24 U and Advanced Wiper 420 Green seem to be very suitable. They have both a good relative wax absorption and good capillary action.
  • the absorber can be placed both on the top side and on the bottom side without significant differences in the result being expected.
  • the absorbed amount can be significantly increased by a higher absorber amount.
  • the absorbed amount was approximately doubled.
  • the best result with 88.7% was achieved not with a bilateral, but with a one-sided contact of the abrasive body with absorber.
  • the remaining residual content of paraffin wax is so small that the grinding body can be fired easily. There are no disadvantages caused by gas evolution or residues in the final product.
  • the grinding wheels to be regrown according to sample 3, Table 1, were placed on a base in an open-topped container and completely covered with absorbers, including inner surfaces.
  • the amount of wax to be removed was 80.5 g, as paraffin wax, the type Sasol 7040 was used. The results are shown in Table 6 and in FIG. 7 described.
  • Diatomaceous earth apparently absorbs faster than Vario Sorb at first, but then reaches its absorption capacity in 80 to 90% of the absorbed wax.
  • Vario Sorb III R probably absorbs slower than kieselguhr due to its much larger grain size, but can absorb larger amounts of the wax.
  • the abrasive article obtained in this manner had an E-modulus of 13.2 GPa (8-14 GPa) and a density of 1.30 g / cm 3 (1.28 g / cm 3 ), with the values in parentheses denoting Referencing reference values for the comparable grinding wheels made with naphthalene as a pore former. Accordingly, the abrasive article produced according to the invention has no significant deviations from the reference values.
  • the crude mass contained 10 932 g of wax and was compressed at about 24 bar, whereby the pressure to be applied was significantly lower than in a comparable green body with naphthalene as pore former (about 45 bar). During compression, only one springback according to the naphthalene equivalent was detectable.
  • the pressed raw body had a perfect texture and strength.
  • the surface of the green body was mixed with 8,025 g of absorber Celite 400D.
  • the abrasive was over 23.5 hours at 100 ° C. and then heated to 125 ° C over 31 hours. As a result, 78.6% of the wax used had been absorbed by the absorber.
  • the abrasive article had an E modulus of 21 GPa (16-21 GPa) and a density of 1.68 g / cm 3 (1.69 g / cm 3 ).
  • the values in parentheses indicate the reference values for the comparable abrasive particles made with naphthalene as a pore former.
  • a sanding body according to # 6, Table 1 was used, wherein an amount of 329.2 g wax (type Sasol 7040) had been introduced into the green body as a pore former. This was covered with an absorber amount, which corresponded to 83 g, a quarter of the amount of wax used. After a holding time of 16 h at a temperature of 125 ° C. 300 g of wax corresponding to 91.7% of the total amount had been removed from the abrasive body. The absorber had thus absorbed 3.6 times its own weight in wax, with small amounts of the absorber were still fresh.
  • the comparatively small required amount of absorber allows a particularly effective operation.
  • test grinding wheels are produced according to the method according to the invention and for comparison according to the prior art using naphthalene as pore former.
  • the abrasive particles had the following property values: property Naphthalene-disc Wax disc Diameter [mm] 304.9 304.9 Width (mm] 17.6 17.8 Bore [mm] 125.3 125.1 Weight [g] 1835 1835 Density [g / cm 3 ] 1.72 1.70 Modulus of elasticity [GPa] 20 22 Character hardness [-] G- G-
  • the grinding test was carried out with the following parameters: machine Blohm HFS 6 with integrated force measuring unit Workpiece surface (width x length) [mm] 10x100 Workpiece material 100Cr6 Workpiece hardness [HRc] 61 to 63 Peripheral speed of the disc v s [m / s] 33 Workpiece speed [m / min] 20 Delivery per stroke [ ⁇ m] 20 Engaging width [mm] 10 coolant Unimet AS 220 R 5% dressing tool CVD blade dresser with 3 stones Measurement of the Roughness Ra After total deliveries of 0.14, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 10.0 and 14.0 mm Measurement of the tangential force F t continuous Measurement of the dimension (difference between delivery and effective cutting) and the roughness depths After total deliveries of 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 10.0 and 14.0 mm (with Ra additionally at 0.2 mm)
  • FIG. 8 shows the course of the dimensions over the related cutting volume V ' w .
  • FIG. 9 shows the course of the related grinding forces (tangential forces)
  • Fig. 10 shows the course of the roughness depths.
  • the surface roughness of the wax disc tends to be more favorable than that of the naphthalene disc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
EP09008823A 2009-05-15 2009-07-06 Procédé de fabrication d'un outil à l'aide d'un agent abrasif lié Not-in-force EP2251143B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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EP09008823A EP2251143B1 (fr) 2009-05-15 2009-07-06 Procédé de fabrication d'un outil à l'aide d'un agent abrasif lié

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP09006588 2009-05-15
EP09008823A EP2251143B1 (fr) 2009-05-15 2009-07-06 Procédé de fabrication d'un outil à l'aide d'un agent abrasif lié

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EP2251143A1 true EP2251143A1 (fr) 2010-11-17
EP2251143B1 EP2251143B1 (fr) 2011-11-23

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2540445A1 (fr) 2011-06-29 2013-01-02 Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un outil à l'aide d'un agent abrasif lié
EP3205449A1 (fr) 2016-02-09 2017-08-16 Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un corps de formage en céramique
EP3205450A1 (fr) 2016-02-09 2017-08-16 Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un corps de formage en céramique
CN109176330A (zh) * 2018-07-13 2019-01-11 白鸽磨料磨具有限公司 一种砂轮用添加剂及其制备方法、砂轮及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6361403B1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2002-03-26 Tosoh Corporation Abrasive member, abrasive disc provided with same, and polishing process
US20040088926A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Kinisky Thomas G. Supercritical fluid extraction
US20050101237A1 (en) * 2003-11-06 2005-05-12 Vecchiarelli Jodi A. Impregnation of grinding wheels using supercritical fluids

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6361403B1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2002-03-26 Tosoh Corporation Abrasive member, abrasive disc provided with same, and polishing process
US20040088926A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Kinisky Thomas G. Supercritical fluid extraction
US20050101237A1 (en) * 2003-11-06 2005-05-12 Vecchiarelli Jodi A. Impregnation of grinding wheels using supercritical fluids

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2540445A1 (fr) 2011-06-29 2013-01-02 Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un outil à l'aide d'un agent abrasif lié
EP3205449A1 (fr) 2016-02-09 2017-08-16 Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un corps de formage en céramique
EP3205450A1 (fr) 2016-02-09 2017-08-16 Hermes Schleifkörper GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un corps de formage en céramique
WO2017137482A1 (fr) 2016-02-09 2017-08-17 Hermes Schleifkörper Gmbh Procédé de fabrication d'un corps céramique mis en forme
CN109176330A (zh) * 2018-07-13 2019-01-11 白鸽磨料磨具有限公司 一种砂轮用添加剂及其制备方法、砂轮及其制备方法

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ATE534490T1 (de) 2011-12-15

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