EP2250858B1 - Anordnung zur induktiven heizung von ölsand- und schwerstöllagerstätten mittels stromführender leiter - Google Patents

Anordnung zur induktiven heizung von ölsand- und schwerstöllagerstätten mittels stromführender leiter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2250858B1
EP2250858B1 EP09718382A EP09718382A EP2250858B1 EP 2250858 B1 EP2250858 B1 EP 2250858B1 EP 09718382 A EP09718382 A EP 09718382A EP 09718382 A EP09718382 A EP 09718382A EP 2250858 B1 EP2250858 B1 EP 2250858B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
groups
conductors
inductor
compensated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP09718382A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2250858A1 (de
Inventor
Dirk Diehl
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Priority to SI200930090T priority Critical patent/SI2250858T1/sl
Priority to PL09718382T priority patent/PL2250858T3/pl
Publication of EP2250858A1 publication Critical patent/EP2250858A1/de
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Publication of EP2250858B1 publication Critical patent/EP2250858B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/04—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/03—Heating of hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for inductive heating of oil sands and heavy oil deposits by means of live conductors.
  • Object of the present invention is in contrast to provide a conductor arrangement which can be used as an inductor for the purpose of oil sand heating.
  • each conductor is insulated individually and consists of a single wire or a plurality of wires, which in turn are insulated for themselves.
  • Multifilament conductor structure is formed, which has already been proposed in electrical engineering for other purposes.
  • a multi-band and / or multi-foil conductor structure can be realized for the same purpose.
  • inductive heating for the intended purpose of the oil sand heating at excitation frequencies of eg 10 - 50 kHz typically requires two conductor groups of 1000 - 5000 filaments if effective resonance lengths in the range of 20 - 100 m are to be obtained. But there may also be more than two conductor groups.
  • the resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the distance of the interruptions of the conductor groups.
  • the construction of a capacitively compensated multifilament conductor can be done by means of specific RF strands.
  • the construction of a capacitively compensated multifilament conductor can also be done alternatively by means of solid wires.
  • a compensated multifilament conductor is advantageously constructed of transposed or intertwined individual conductors in such a way that each individual conductor within the resonance length on each radius is equally common.
  • a compensated multifilament conductor may be constructed of a plurality of conductor groups arranged around the common center.
  • the individual compensated conductor sub-groups are advantageously made of stranded solid or HF stranded wires.
  • the cross sections of the conductor subgroups may deviate from the round or hexagonal shape and be, for example, sector-shaped.
  • the central ladder free area within the cross section of a compensated Milliken type multifilament conductor can be used for mechanical reinforcement to increase tensile strength.
  • permanently inserted or removable synthetic fiber ropes or removable steel ropes can be used.
  • the central, ladder-free region within the cross-section of a compensated Milliken-type multifilament conductor can be used for cooling by means of a circulating liquid, in particular water or oil. Furthermore, there may advantageously be accommodated temperature sensors which can be used for monitoring and controlling the energization and / or liquid cooling.
  • the inductor which consists of capacitively compensated multifilament conductor in the reservoir
  • draw the inductor into a previously introduced plastic tube of larger inner diameter.
  • plastic tube of larger inner diameter.
  • An oil can be introduced as a lubricant.
  • the space between the inductor and plastic pipe with a liquid in particular water of low electrical conductivity or z.
  • B. transformer oil which may also previously serve as a lubricant, be flooded.
  • the interlacing or transposition of the individual conductors within the resonance length avoids ohmic additional losses due to the so-called proximity effect. Furthermore, it reduces the dielectric strength requirements of dielectric isolation by more homogeneous displacement current densities.
  • the arrangement of several conductor subgroups around the common center allows the use of stranded wires - instead of intertwined or transposed wires without sacrificing the reduction of ohmic additional losses due to the proximity effect - while simplifying manufacturing.
  • an active cooling of the arrangement according to the invention may be necessary, for which there are advantageously open spaces or spaces in the arrangement.
  • a plastic tube is used to keep open the hole, the protection of the inductor during installation and operation. Thus, it reduces the tensile load on the inductor during retraction by reducing the friction.
  • a liquid in the gap makes the good thermal contact with the plastic tube and the reservoir, which is needed for passive cooling of the inductor.
  • 200 ° C can ohmic losses in the inductor to about 20 W / m by heat conduction be discharged without the temperature in the inductor exceeds the critical for Teflon insulation values of 250 ° C.
  • FIG. 1 is a designated as a reservoir oil sands deposit shown, with the specific considerations always a cuboid unit 1 with the length 1, the width w and the height h is taken out.
  • the length 1 may for example be up to some 500 m, the width w 60 to 100 m and the height h about 20 to 100 m. It has to be taken into account that starting from the earth's surface E there can be an overburden of thickness s up to 500 m.
  • FIG. 1 an arrangement for inductive heating of the reservoir cutout 1 is shown. This can be formed by a long, ie some 100 m to 1.5 km, laid in the ground conductor loop 10 to 20, the Hinleiter 10 and return conductor 20 side by side, ie at the same depth, are guided and at the end via an element 15 inside or outside of the reservoir are interconnected. Initially, the conductors 10 and 20 are led down vertically or at a shallow angle and are powered by an RF generator 60 which may be housed in an external housing.
  • an RF generator 60 which may be housed in an external housing.
  • the conductors 10 and 20 run side by side at the same depth. But they can also be performed on top of each other. Below the conductor loop 10/20, ie on the ground the reservoir unit 1, a delivery pipe 1020 is indicated, can be transported through the liquefied bitumen or heavy oil.
  • Typical distances between the return and return conductors 10, 20 are 5 to 60 m with an outer diameter of the conductors of 10 to 50 cm (0.1 to 0.5 m).
  • the electric double line 10, 20 off FIG. 1 with the typical dimensions mentioned above has a longitudinal inductivity of 1.0 to 2.7 ⁇ H / m.
  • the transverse capacitance is only 10 to 100 pF / m with the dimensions mentioned, so that the capacitive cross currents can initially be neglected.
  • wave effects should be avoided.
  • the shaft speed is given by the capacitance and inductance of the conductor arrangement.
  • the characteristic frequency of the arrangement is due to the loop length and the wave propagation speed along the arrangement of the double line 10, 20.
  • the loop length is therefore to be chosen so short that no disturbing wave effects result here.
  • a current amplitude of about 350 A for low-impedance reservoirs with resistivities of 30 ⁇ ⁇ m and about 950 A for high-resistance reservoirs with resistivities of 500 ⁇ ⁇ m is required at 50 kHz.
  • the required current amplitude for 1 kW / m falls quadratically with the excitation frequency. i.e. at 100 kHz, the current amplitudes fall to 1/4 of the above values.
  • the inductive voltage drop is about 300 V / m.
  • the conductor arrangement results in a hexagonal grid in cross section and is in FIG. 5 played. It is doing a compression in the cross-sectional plane made such that the wires are brought to a mutual distance of 0.5 mm. The superfluous insulation fills the gussets in the hexagonal grid.
  • the two groups of conductors have, when arranged alternately, the wires on the rings accordingly FIG. 5 then a capacity coverage of 115.4 nF / m. With the resonant length of 20.9 m, the conductor is then capacitively compensated at 20 kHz. The ohmic resistance at 20 kHz is then 30 ⁇ / m.
  • an inductive heating power of 3 kW / m (rms) can be introduced into a reservoir of a specific resistance of 555 ⁇ m if the return conductor is at a distance of 106 m and this configuration is continued periodically.
  • the ohmic losses in the conductor averaged over a resonance length amount to 15.1 W / m (rms).
  • T 200 ° C constant in 0.5 m or 2.5 m distance from the conductor, to a heating of the conductor 230-250 ° C, which still requires no additional liquid cooling becomes.
  • the insulation would have to withstand a voltage of 3.6 kV.
  • dielectric strengths of 20-36 kV / mm are specified. That is, with an insulation thickness of 0.5 mm, about one third of the dielectric strength is required.
  • FIG. 2 As shown in the diagram in FIG. 2 is provided to compensate the line inductance L sections by discrete or continuously running series capacitances C. This is in FIG. 2 shown in simplified form. Shown is a substitute schematic image of a circuit operated with an AC power source 25 with complex resistor 26, in each of which sections inductances L i and capacitances C i are present. There is thus a partial compensation of the line.
  • the peculiarity of compensation integrated in the line is that the frequency of the HF line generator must be matched to the resonance frequency of the current loop. This means that the double line 10, 20 of the FIG. 1 for the inductive heating appropriate, ie with high current amplitudes, only at this frequency can be operated.
  • the decisive advantage of the latter approach is that an addition of the inductive voltages along the line is prevented. If in the above example - ie 500 A, 2 ⁇ H / m, 50 kHz and 300 V / m - for example, every 10 m each a capacitor C i introduced in the return conductor of 1 uF capacitance, the operation of this arrangement can at 50 kHz resonant done. Thus, the occurring inductive and correspondingly capacitive sum voltages are limited to 3 kV.
  • the capacitance values must increase in inverse proportion to the distance-proportional to the distance of the reduced voltage-resistance requirement of the capacitors-to obtain the same resonant frequency.
  • FIG. 3 an advantageous embodiment of capacitors integrated in the line with respective capacitance C is shown.
  • the capacitance is formed by cylindrical capacitors C i between a tubular outer electrode 32 of a first portion and a tubular inner electrode 34 of a second portion, between which a dielectric 33 is located.
  • the adjacent capacitor is formed between subsequent sections.
  • the temperature of z. B. can reach 250 ° C, and the resistive losses in the conductors 10, 20 can lead to further heating of the electrodes.
  • the requirements for the dielectric 33 are met by a large number of capacitor ceramics.
  • the group of aluminum silicates ie porcelains
  • the length should be shorter, is a nesting of several coaxial electrodes according to the FIGS. 2 to 4 to provide a clarified principle.
  • Other common capacitor designs can be integrated into the line, as long as they have the required voltage and temperature resistance. This is the purpose of the radial structure of the conductor arrangements, which is illustrated by the cross-sectional representations.
  • FIG. 4 the schematic diagram of two capacitively coupled filament groups 100 and 200 in the longitudinal direction is shown. It can be seen that individual wire sections of predetermined length repeat periodically and that in this first structure 100 a second structure 200 is arranged with individual wire sections, wherein in each case the same length is given and wherein the first group of wire sections and the second group of wire sections in overlap a given distance. This defines a resonance length R L which is significant for the capacitive coupling of the filament groups in the longitudinal direction.
  • the entire inductor arrangement is already surrounded by an insulation 150.
  • Insulation against the surrounding soil is necessary to prevent resistive currents through the soil between the adjacent sections, especially in the area of the capacitors.
  • the insulation also prevents the resistive current flow between the return and return conductors.
  • the requirements with respect to the dielectric strength to the insulation are compared to the uncompensated line of> 100 kV dropped in the above example, slightly above 3 kV and thus meet by a variety of insulating materials.
  • the insulation must withstand higher temperatures permanently, which in turn offers ceramic insulating materials.
  • the insulation layer thickness must not be too low be selected, otherwise capacitive leakage could flow into the surrounding soil. Insulation thickness greater z. B. 2 mm are sufficient in the above embodiment.
  • Sectional views of a corresponding arrangement with 36 filaments, which in turn consists of two filament groups are in the Figures 5 . 9 . 10 and 12 shown. This illustrates in particular FIG. 5 the construction and the combination of the nested arrangement of 36 filaments.
  • the filament conductors of the first group are denoted by 101 to 118 and the filament conductors of the second group are denoted by 201 to 218.
  • a central area 150 in the center of the conductors is exposed.
  • FIG. 6 For example, a two-group 60 filament conductor assembly is shown in cross-section, again having a hexagonal structure construction.
  • the conductors 401 to 430 (hatched on the left) belong to the first group of filament conductors and the conductors 501 to 530 (shaded to the right) belong to the second group of filament conductors.
  • the conductor groups are embedded in an insulating medium.
  • the specific structure of the conductor groups results in individual conductors, which are connected in groups via a high-intensity electric field and are each connected to other conductors via a low field, which can be confirmed by model calculations.
  • the central area 150 is field-free.
  • This region 150 can be used for introducing coolants or else for introducing mechanical reinforcements in order to increase the tensile strength.
  • permanently inserted or removable synthetic fiber ropes or removable steel cables are used. This will be discussed in detail below.
  • the individual graphs 71 to 72 run parallel with the same, monotonous slope: As expected, the litz wire capacitance increases exponentially with the number of wires, but linearly with the cross section.
  • FIG. 7 It can be deduced that the capacitive compensation can be adjusted on the one hand depending on the number of conductors and on the other hand on the total cross section. It was a geometry of the ladder according to the FIGS. 4 and 5 based on the same Teflon insulation. For a given cross-sectional area, therefore, the necessary number of stranded conductors can be determined.
  • the graphs 81 to 84 are parallel to the abscissa in the initial region and then increase monotonically with essentially the same slope: as expected, the resistance increases exponentially with the frequency on the one hand and the wire diameter on the other hand. It is energized by a temperature assumed 260 ° C.
  • FIG. 9 Six conductor bundles 91 to 96 are arranged in hexagonal geometry around a central cavity 97.
  • six conductor bundles 91 'to 96' are arranged in approximately pie-like manner as segments around a central cavity 97 '.
  • FIG. 11 it follows that, in a basic arrangement accordingly FIG. 10 With sector-like elements made of individual conductors it is advantageous that the individual conductors are twisted in the longitudinal direction of the entire cable.
  • lines of, for example, C to D which illustrate the azimuthal twisting of the individual conductors, result on the circumference of the conductor.
  • the sectional area results in the left quadrant a field profile corresponding to the arrows.
  • plastic pipe 120 in which an arrangement is introduced with stranded conductors.
  • the tube 120 can be made of plastic, for example, with a gap 121 in the tube 120 resulting in which the insulator with the hexagonal conductor structures 122 is introduced.
  • Essential here again is a centric conductor-free region 123 in which necessary aids are introduced for the intended use of the conductors described can be.
  • such an arrangement with the conductor-free center 123 allows the use of stranded wires instead of intertwined or transposed wires, without having to sacrifice the reduction of ohmic additional losses by the proximity effect. As a result, a comparatively simple production is possible.
  • the outer plastic tube 120 serves to keep the bore open, as well as to protect the inductor during installation and operation of the system with the arrangement for inductive heating of the oil sands deposit. This reduces the tensile load on the inductor during retraction by reducing friction.
  • the liquid may be disposed within the plastic tube 120 for cooling an annular space 120.
  • the liquid makes a good thermal contact with the plastic tube 120 and above to the reservoir, again at least a passive cooling of the inductor is required.
  • the ohmic losses in the inductor of about 20 W / m are dissipated by the heat conduction, without the temperature in the inductor itself exceeding the value of 250 ° C. which is critical for Teflon insulation.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 12 furthermore offers the possibility of an opposite cooling.
  • the central cavity 97 is used for the one direction of the flowing liquid and the annulus 121 within the plastic tube 120 for the other direction of the flowing liquid.
  • FIG. 13 are - in a linear representation - on the abscissa the frequency in kHz and plotted on the ordinate of the inductor current in amperes.
  • the dependence of the inductor current on the frequency is reproduced, whereby the parameters given are different heating powers, for the graph 131 1 kW / m, for the graph 132 3 kW / m, for the graph 133 5 kW / m and for the graph 134 10 kW / m.
  • the individual graphs 131 to 134 each have an approximately hyperbolic course. It follows that the dependence of the Induktorbestromung of the frequency becomes stronger with increasing heating power, provided that constant power losses are assumed in the reservoir. In this respect, graphs 131 to 134 show the currents / or frequencies required for certain heating powers.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
EP09718382A 2008-03-06 2009-02-25 Anordnung zur induktiven heizung von ölsand- und schwerstöllagerstätten mittels stromführender leiter Not-in-force EP2250858B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200930090T SI2250858T1 (sl) 2008-03-06 2009-02-25 Razmestitev za induktivno ogrevanje nahajališč oljnega peska in nahajališč težkega olja s pomočjo vodnika, ki prevaja električni tok
PL09718382T PL2250858T3 (pl) 2008-03-06 2009-02-25 Układ do indukcyjnego ogrzewania piasków roponośnych i złóż ciężkiej ropy naftowej za pomocą przewodników przenoszących prąd

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008012855 2008-03-06
DE102008062326A DE102008062326A1 (de) 2008-03-06 2008-12-15 Anordnung zur induktiven Heizung von Ölsand- und Schwerstöllagerstätten mittels stromführender Leiter
PCT/EP2009/052183 WO2009109489A1 (de) 2008-03-06 2009-02-25 Anordnung zur induktiven heizung von ölsand- und schwerstöllagerstätten mittels stromführender leiter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2250858A1 EP2250858A1 (de) 2010-11-17
EP2250858B1 true EP2250858B1 (de) 2011-08-03

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EP09718382A Not-in-force EP2250858B1 (de) 2008-03-06 2009-02-25 Anordnung zur induktiven heizung von ölsand- und schwerstöllagerstätten mittels stromführender leiter

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US8766146B2 (ru)
EP (1) EP2250858B1 (ru)
AT (1) ATE519354T1 (ru)
CA (1) CA2717607C (ru)
DE (1) DE102008062326A1 (ru)
ES (1) ES2367561T3 (ru)
PL (1) PL2250858T3 (ru)
PT (1) PT2250858E (ru)
RU (1) RU2455796C2 (ru)
SI (1) SI2250858T1 (ru)
WO (1) WO2009109489A1 (ru)

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WO2015128484A1 (de) 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 Leoni Kabel Holding Gmbh Kabelader für ein kabel, insbesondere ein induktionskabel, kabel und verfahren zur herstellung einer kabelader
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US20110006055A1 (en) 2011-01-13
RU2455796C2 (ru) 2012-07-10
EP2250858A1 (de) 2010-11-17
US20140326444A1 (en) 2014-11-06
SI2250858T1 (sl) 2011-12-30
PL2250858T3 (pl) 2011-12-30
PT2250858E (pt) 2011-09-05
US8766146B2 (en) 2014-07-01
US10000999B2 (en) 2018-06-19
ATE519354T1 (de) 2011-08-15
DE102008062326A1 (de) 2009-09-17
WO2009109489A1 (de) 2009-09-11
CA2717607C (en) 2014-04-01
CA2717607A1 (en) 2009-09-11
RU2010140801A (ru) 2012-04-20
ES2367561T3 (es) 2011-11-04

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