Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
  • C12M27/18—Flow directing inserts
  • C12M27/20—Baffles; Ribs; Ribbons; Auger vanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
  • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
  • C12M23/50—Means for positioning or orientating the apparatus

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for a photochemical, such as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic process, in particular for breeding and production or hydroculturing of, preferably phototrophic, microorganisms, wherein a reaction medium, for example an aqueous solution or a suspension, meander-shaped in a reactor becomes. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.
• a photochemical such as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic process
• a reaction medium for example an aqueous solution or a suspension
• a bioreactor for phototrophic microorganisms which consists of glass or plastic, known.
• the culture medium is either pumped through the bioreactor or meandered down through the horizontally arranged web plates down. Furthermore, turbulence generating means are mounted in the webs. According to this method, carbon dioxide is introduced at the top and natural or artificial light is used for the operation.
• the bioreactor is placed or tracked at right angles to the light source.
• GB 2 235 210 A and DE 196 44 992 C1 also disclose bioreactors for phototrophic microorganisms or for photocatalytic processes.
• WO 98/18903 describes an actively or passively heatable solar element made of multiple web plates with at least three straps. layers within the reactor are used alternately for a photochemical or photosynthetic process.
• the culture medium is passed meandering downwards.
• the object of the invention is to provide a method of the initially cited type, which on the one hand avoids the above disadvantages and on the other hand allows a qualitative and, above all, quantitative increase in the yield or harvest.
• the inventive method is characterized in that the meandering guide of the reaction medium is perpendicular or at an angle inclined at least once from top to bottom or in the direction of gravity and from bottom to top or against the direction of gravity, and that both a contribution as also an application of the reaction medium in or out of the reactor, preferably continuously, depressurized and free to the atmosphere via the upper reaction medium surface, wherein due to the hydrostatic pressure and level compensation for the microorganisms stress-free flow of the reaction medium is generated.
• the invention it is possible for the first time to achieve a transport that is gentle on the microorganisms so that damage in the course of their production process is avoided.
• the flow rate of the reaction medium through the reactor element By controlled introduction of the reaction medium in the region of the upper liquid level, the flow rate of the reaction medium through the reactor element, provided of course it is filled, can be defined.
• the reaction medium flows meandering through the upright interconnected reactor elements.
• the reactor elements are interconnected so that the inlet and the outlet are located at the top.
• the reactor elements are wholly or partly open at the top.
• the flow is achieved by utilizing hydrostatic pressure compensation with minimal loss of height throughout the reactor. Due to the largely pressure-free and appression-free transport of the reaction medium in a biosolar reactor, the reaction process is impaired as little as possible.
• the injectable additives are introduced at a defined temperature. This achieves thermal regulation via the inflowing gases and / or nutrient solutions.
• the introduction of liquid and / or gaseous substances or additives is carried out at the bottom in the region of the deflection of the reaction medium, wherein in the region of the flowing from bottom to top or against the direction of gravity reaction medium, a larger amount of liquid and / or gaseous substances or additives introduced as in the region of the flowing from top to bottom or in the direction of gravity reaction medium.
• Incorporation of, preferably gaseous, additives is a stress-free transport of the microorganisms.
• the application of gaseous process products preferably takes place during the process, over the reaction medium surface.
• gaseous process products such as oxygen
• the reactor is rotatably guided or controlled according to the sunlight over the entire arc of the horizontal course of the sun.
• an optimization of the solar radiation for biosolar reactors is achieved.
• Biosolar reactors thus find an optimized, natural illumination, corresponding to the type and the desired breeding success, for the photosynthetic process. Furthermore, it can be adjusted over the day and / or the changing light conditions. Both an increased and a decreasing exposure of the microorganisms to solar radiation, either for better use of light or for protection against excessive radiation, can be effected.
• the inventive device for carrying out the method wherein a reactor, in particular a bioreactor, is provided consisting of tubes, is characterized in that the reactor consists of at least one reactor element formed by two upright, downwardly connected tubes and in that both an inlet and an outlet are provided at the upper edge of the reactor.
• An alternative device for carrying out the process, wherein a reactor, in particular a bioreactor, is provided with elements of web or web multiple plates is characterized in that the reactor consists of at least one reactor element consisting of two, preferably rectangular, upright, chambers formed by the web or multi-plate sheets, which is formed by a partition which is open at the bottom, and that both an inlet and an outlet at the upper edge of the reactor is provided.
• the reactor in particular the bioreactor can consist of transparent, translucent, coated and uncoated materials.
• the tubes or multiwall sheets could be made of glass or light or UV light transmissive plastic, e.g. Polymethyl methacrylate exist.
• the reactor elements can be made of both commercially available and optionally processed, as well as separately manufactured components that meet the above conditions. The reactor elements are arranged so that a continuous, meander-like flow from top to bottom and from bottom to top is ensured. The inflow and outflow to and from the reactor is set at the top.
• the reaction medium After entering the reactor, the reaction medium flows through the hydrostatic force balance, the entire reactor in upright meanders. Arrived in the last reactor element, the reaction medium leaves the hydrostatic bioreactor and is passed without pressure or without pressure to a maturation tank or a collecting vessel or another reactor. From the collecting container, the reaction medium can be finished or fed stress-free intermediate storage or further processing.
• its partition wall when connected to a reactor panel of two or more reactor elements, its partition wall is formed lower than the partition wall between the tubes or chambers of a reactor element, thereby creating an overflow or communicating opening when the liquid level in the reactor elements is higher than the partition wall between the reactor elements.
• a reactor element is designed like a communicating vessel. This type of series connection of reactor elements to reactor panels gives the possibility of forming a defined flow path.
• the optimum residence time within the entire reactor which is adapted to the respective phototrophic microorganisms or photochemical requirements and which corresponds to the process result, can be influenced by the following parameters: Flow rate
• the reactor panels are preferably connected in series, in a frame-like receiving device parallel to each other, preferably fixedly mounted, arranged to form a reactor and the reactor is at least one, preferably vertical axis adjustable with a rotating device for the irradiation of light, wherein the reactor is provided in particular standing, hanging or floating on a buoyancy body.
• a receiving device and such storage can be taken any angle to the sun.
• a control corresponding to the course of the sun or the sun's succession a light optimization is achieved. For example, for certain applications, reduced exposure at lunchtime may be accomplished by averting or shadowing.
• a position of the reactor facing the light source can be selected at any desired angle.
• solar solar reactors to enable solar tracking these are fixed above and optionally below in the solar component, so that when the solar component of the solar radiation follows, the reactor panels do not change their position to each other, but the entire solar component is rotated.
• the reactor panels which may be flat, or assembled in single tubes, transparent, translucent, coated and uncoated, are arranged to be suitable for growing the microorganisms, either batchwise in quiescent culture medium and / or continuously in flowing culture medium.
• a sensor for detecting the course of the sun, via which the control of the rotational movement for the light irradiation for the reactor takes place.
• the course of the sun is determined by a suitable sensor and transmitted to the reactor as a synchronous or arbitrarily defined rotational movement.
• the data regarding coordinates, time and date could also be used for the control.
• the light irradiation for the reactor via an artificial lighting via an artificial lighting.
• the reactor can be constructed in such a way that it can be supplied with energy and also the attachment of, for phototrophic microorganisms favorable, illumination media, is possible.
• the rotational movements for the light irradiation are synchronized.
• the turning of all reactors of the entire plant can be synchronized so that, according to a basic arrangement, further behind lying reactors are not shaded by an approximately parallel position of the reactor panels for solar radiation. The ideal sunshine can be guaranteed.
• At least parts, in particular outer surfaces, of the reactor panels and / or of the reactor are designed to be light-reflecting. This can increase the effect of natural or artificial lighting
• additives such as nutrient solutions or gases and / or oxidants and / or active substances and / or the process-promoting solutes or gases, preferably during the process , provided at the reactor bottom, in the region of the deflection of the reaction medium, at least one introduction inlet.
• the reaction medium may be enriched prior to entering the reactor with liquids dissolved in liquids to suit the needs of the microorganisms or requirements of the process, and / or supplied with fluid nutrients or oxidants during the passage in the reactor.
• the decreasing nutrient content in the reaction medium in the photosynthetic process due to constant growth of the microorganisms, can be compensated by the continuous and / or batch introduction of a nutrient solution.
• the falling in the photochemical process by continuous reaction efficiency in the reaction medium can also be compensated by the continuous and / or batch introduction of other active substances.
• a supply possibility is created at the bottom of the reactor elements via controllable valves.
• the meandering guidance of the reaction medium and / or the ascending fluid agents ensure good mixing and distribution within the entire reactor.
• the introduced gases cause, by the rising of the gas bubbles, a self-cleaning of the reactor inner surface.
• a sampling point for samples to check the process progress is also provided at the bottom of the reactor element.
• bores are provided for the introduction of additives in the area of the deflection in the reactor element and / or in the reactor panel for the arrangement of a preferably continuous pipe, in particular a gas pipe with microbores.
• the gas tube has the arrangement of the bores in such a way that the gassing and mixing of the reactor medium is ensured in each reactor element of Reaktorpaneies.
• the gas pipe in the region of the flowing from bottom to top or against the direction of gravity reaction medium has a larger number and / or larger diameter having microbores as in the region of from top to bottom or in the direction of gravity flowing reaction medium.
• the gas pipe at both ends of an external and / or internal thread.
• the gas pipes are designed, for example, such that they are gas-tight with the assembly by means of a union nut can conclude. At least one of these union nuts is provided with a connection for a gas line.
• gas pipe can be provided via its internal thread with a connecting piece which can be screwed to another gas pipe.
• a discharge outlet is provided, which is provided above the reaction medium surface or above the top of the reactor elements.
• Gaseous process products such as metabolic products which are formed in the photosynthetic or photochemical process, can rise freely in the reaction medium due to the freedom from pressure in the reactor element.
• Reactor element is an escape and / or suction of the gaseous process products possible.
• the process exhaust output is promoted by the resulting rising bubbles in the process and / or optionally controlled by additionally injected gases.
• a collecting device with an application outlet provided above the reaction medium surface or above the upper side of the reactor elements is provided for the application of gaseous process products.
• the gaseous process products can be collected and, if appropriate, sent for further utilization or disposal.
• a loss of reaction medium by evaporation and / or by loss of spray and a controlled discharge and collection of gases is possible by a closed design.
• a siphon is provided in front of the inlet and / or after the outlet.
• the inflow to the reactor is set at the top.
• the reaction medium can be supplied by a Sifon the first reactor element without pressure or pressure and optionally gas-tight and be discharged through another siphon to the reactor, without pressure and optionally gas-tight.
• an Archimedean screw or a Da Vinci spiral is provided for transporting the reaction medium both within the reactor and between reactors.
• one or more hoses or webs are spirally wound on an axle once or multiple times and stably fixed in any technique, for example screwed, glued, etc.
• the one or more hoses or webs are open at both ends.
• the transport element is aligned and mounted so that the lower end of the tubes or webs draws reaction medium from a container.
• hoses or webs are only so far submerged in the reaction medium, which passes with each revolution, the end of the hose or the web outside the reaction medium over the surface.
• the reactor medium By slowly rotating in a spiral direction which does not produce any significant centrifugal forces, the reactor medium is transported to the upper end of the screw by utilizing the hydrostatic pressure equalization in the respective lower halves of the hoses or webs. At everyone Rotation is released, located in the upper half-winding liquid located and falls into a relation to the output container higher located container. By optionally complete or partial closing of the transport device spray loss and or gas leakage can be avoided.
• FIG. 1 is a plan view of FIG. 1
• FIG. 3 is a side elevation of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 5 is a plan view according to FIG. 4
• FIG. 6 is a side elevation according to FIG. 4,
• FIG. 11 shows a bioreactor with an Archimedean spiral
• FIG. 12 shows a biosolar reactor
• a reactor in particular a biosolar reactor 1, consists of at least one reactor element 2, which is formed from two upright tubes 3 connected at the bottom. An inlet 4 as well as an outlet 5 are provided at the upper edge of the reactor.
• a plurality of reactor elements 2 are connected in series, wherein always an outlet 5 is connected to an inlet 4.
• Such a biosolar reactor 1 is used for a process for a photochemical, such as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic process, in particular for a cultivation and production or hydroculturing of, preferably phototrophic, microorganisms used.
• the biosolar reactor 1 is filled with a reaction medium 6, for example an aqueous solution or a suspension.
• the biosolar reactor 1 is fed only via its first inlet 4.
• the guide or flow direction of the reaction medium 6 is upright, preferably vertically, once from top to bottom and from bottom to top in a reactor element 2.
• reaction medium 6 flows meandering through the reactor , Both the introduction or feed and the application of the reaction medium 6 in or out of the biosolar reactor 1, preferably carried out continuously, depressurized and free to the atmosphere over the upper reaction medium surface or just above the upper liquid level or in the region of the upper liquid level.
• the reactor elements 2 are thus connected in a meandering manner with each other as communicating tubes 3, the inlet 4 and the outlet 5 being at the top.
• the reactor elements 2 are wholly or partially, depending on requirements, open at the top. Due to the hydrostatic pressure and level compensation takes place via the feed of reaction medium 6 at the inlet 4, a flow of the reaction medium 6. For the process, this means that for the
• Microorganisms stress-free flow of the reaction medium 6 is generated. As a result, a free flow between the individual reactor elements 2 is made possible without the additional energy must be supplied.
• the reaction medium 6 moves in the effort of the liquid to compensate for the difference in height between inlet 4 and outlet 5, with a minimum loss of height meandering through the reactor.
• a reactor element 2 consists of two, preferably rectangular, upright, formed from the web or web multiple plates 7 chambers 8, through a partition wall 9, which open at the bottom is, is formed. Both the inlet 4 for the introduction and the inlet and the outlet 5 is provided at the upper reactor rim. In the illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 4, two reactor elements 2 are already connected.
• Chambers 8 of a reactor element 2 is formed. This creates an overflow or a communicating opening when the liquid level in the reactor elements 2 is higher than the dividing wall 10 between the reactor elements 2. As a result, the energy consumption is minimized by eliminating as far as possible pumps between the process steps and any number of equal or different process steps in the same flow height can be coupled to each other.
• the individual reactor elements 2 can be made transparent or translucent or, if required, also light-tight. As materials, both glass or UV transparent plastic, e.g. Polymethylmethacrylate find use.
• an inclined reactor With regard to the light irradiation to the reactor elements 2 - which will be discussed in more detail later - is shown in FIG. 6, an inclined reactor. Despite the fact that the reactor is inclined at an angle, the reaction medium 6 flows once from top to bottom or in the direction of gravity and from bottom to top or against the direction of gravity.
• FIG. 4 is for the, continuous or batchwise, introduction of additives 12, such as nutrient solutions or - gases and / or oxidants and / or active substances and / or the process promoting solutes or gases, preferably during the process, at the reactor bottom, in the region of the deflection of the reaction medium 6, at least one introduction inlet 11, for example a controllable valve provided.
• the reaction medium 6 is optionally saturated before entering the reactor with CO2 or other gases, the degree of saturation is enriched according to the needs of the process and / or supplied while staying in the reactor with CO2 other gases.
• Microorganisms, decreasing CO2 content in the reaction medium 6 can be compensated by the continuous or pulsed introduction of CO2.
• additives 12 such as fluids and gases further optimizes the supply of light, since by the resulting turbulence in the reaction medium 6, all molecules or phototrophic microorganisms sufficiently flooded with light, near the outside light zone - indicated by the arrows 13 - of the reactor element. 2 be guided.
• heating or cooling of the reaction medium 6 can also take place by means of defined introduced fluids and gases.
• the introduced additives 12 can thus be used for the controlled temperature control of the reaction medium 6.
• the introduction of liquid and / or gaseous substances or additives 12 on the underside in the region of the deflection of the reaction medium 6 is performed.
• a larger amount of liquid and / or gaseous substances or additives 12 is introduced in the area of the reaction medium 6 flowing from bottom to top or against the direction of gravity than in the area from top to bottom or in Direction of gravity flowing reaction medium 6.
• the medium is introduced in the inlet opening 4 into a reactor panel 18, which inclines at an angle along the panel axis, so that the inlet 4 is lower than the outlet 5.
• the inclination is maximally applied at an angle which does not lead to a rear overflow of the webs 9, which separates the two liquid columns within a reactor element 2.
• the medium When the maximum possible angle is exceeded, the medium would, after passing the tube 3, in which it flows against gravity, flow back over the web 9 back into the tube from which it has come before, and thus with a closed circuit Generate gas lift circulation.
• the desired slope of the "gas lift effect" can be regulated, which results in controlling the flow rate with increasing height of the upper liquid edge.
• the reaction medium 6 is introduced in the inlet 4 into a reactor panel 18, which inclines at an angle along the panel axis, so that the inlet 4 is higher than the outlet 5.
• the inclination can be applied maximally at an angle that does not lead to an overflow of the webs 9, in the direction from the inlet 4 to the outlet 5, the separating the liquid columns within a reactor element 2, since then no flow is generated in the tubes 3, but the medium would flow only above above the webs 9 away and the medium would come to a standstill in the reactor elements 2.
• the desired slope can be regulated, which results in controlling the flow rate as the height of the upper liquid edge decreases.
• the aim is to control the entire system so that in addition to the gas lift in an economically sensible place, no additional energy for the flow of the medium is spent within the entire system.
• a gas pipe 21 with microbores 22 is provided.
• the gas pipe 21 in the region of the flowing from bottom to top or against the direction of gravity reaction medium 6 a larger number and / or larger diameter having microbores 22 than in the region of the top to bottom or in the direction of gravity flowing reaction medium 6.
• the gas pipe 21 For a rapid change of the gas pipe 21 (FIG. 8), it has an outer and / or an inner thread 23 at both ends.
• the gas pipes 21 are designed, for example, such that they can be closed by a union nut gas-tight with the assembly. At least one of these union nuts is provided with a connection for a gas line.
• gas pipe can be provided via its internal thread with a connecting piece 24 which can be screwed to a further gas pipe 21.
• the biosolar reactor 1 can be provided with an Archimedean screw 14.
• the Archimedean screw 14 or a Da Vinci spiral serves to transport the reaction medium 6 both inside the reactor and also between reactor parts or reactors
• a siphon 15 is provided in front of the inlet 4 and downstream of the outlet 5.
• the sifons 15 can also be arranged independently of the Archimedean screw 14 in front of the inlet 4 or after the outlet 5 from the reactor.
• the reaction medium 6 can be supplied by a siphon 15 to the first reactor element 2 without pressure or without pressure.
• the Archimedean screw 14 or a Da Vinci spiral is preferably used in the process for continuous photocatalytic and photosynthetic processes and transport in biosolar reactors 1.
• the transport of the reaction medium 6 overcoming
• a maturation tank (not shown) can be provided after and / or in front of the biosolar reactor 1, in particular for a continuous, photochemical or photosynthetic process.
• the hydrostatic maturation tank is similar to the design of the hydrostatic bioreactor with meander-like reactor elements 2, which allow an upright flow.
• the ripening tank may be made of opaque material, since phototrophic microorganisms in the resting phase may need only the right temperature nutrients and opportunity to deliver metabolic waste.
• a larger cross-section can be used in the reactor elements 2 in order to regulate the rest time and to save space.
• the desired largely pressure-free or pressureless transport of the reaction medium 6 is achieved as follows:
• the reaction medium 6 is not exposed during the entire transport any further pressure than that which arises within the transport element by the weight of the reaction medium 6.
• By a low speed the reaction medium 6 is not exposed to significant centrifugal forces.
• the development of the microorganisms or the course of the process is not interrupted or disturbed by the transport.
• By using hydrostatic pressure compensation in an "Archimedean screw" or in a Da Vinci spiral freedom of pressure is maintained and the processes can be free of stress, acceleration and pressure.
• the reaction medium 6 is exposed during the entire transport no higher Appression than that which arises within the transport element by the free flow of the reaction medium.
• the development of the microorganisms or the course of the process is not interrupted or disturbed by the transport. Abrasion injuries and damage to the cell walls of microorganisms or molecules such as by pumping are excluded.
• By using the hydrostatic pressure compensation in an Archimedean screw or in a Da Vinci spiral freedom of aversion is maintained.
• a discharge outlet 16 is provided, which is provided above the reaction medium surface or above the top of the reactor elements.
• a collecting device 17 provided with the discharge outlet 16 can be provided above the liquid level of the reaction medium 6 or above the upper side of the reactor elements.
• the biosolar reactor 1 can be designed to be adjustable for light irradiation. In low solar radiation, poor geographic location or phototrophic microorganisms or photocatalytic processes especially in need of light, the biosolar reactor 1 is rotatably guided or controlled in accordance with the solar radiation over the entire arc of the horizontal course of the sun.
• The, preferably connected in series, reactor panels 18 are arranged in a frame-like receiving device 25 almost parallel to each other, preferably fixedly mounted to a reactor.
• the biosolar reactor 1 is adjustable via at least one, preferably vertical, axis 26 with a rotating device for light irradiation, wherein the reactor can be provided in particular standing, hanging or floating on a buoyant body.
• a sensor or the use of data regarding coordinates, time, and date can be provided, via which the
• the light irradiation for the reactor can also take place via artificial lighting.
• the rotational movements for the light irradiation can be synchronized.
• at least parts, in particular outer surfaces, of the reactor panels 18 and / or of the reactor can be designed to be light-reflecting.
• a reactor panel 18 formed from reactor elements 2 is arranged in such a way that the light beams or sunrays 19, which are indicated schematically, impinge at an approximately right angle to the panel axis.
• a plurality of, preferably interconnected, reactor panels 18 are provided, which are arranged in such a way that the light or solar beams 19 run almost parallel to the solar panel axes.
• the reactor panels 18 are suspended in an upright and / or upright position in an upper and / or lower holder or in the receiving device 25.
• This holder or receiving device 25 can fulfill the following functions:
• This holder can accommodate at least two to any number of reactor panels 18 to a reactor.
• the method allows an optimal combination of reaction phases under light and resting phases in the dark and a stress-free transport.
• the reaction medium 6 can before the actual reaction in a
• Enrichment tank with nutrients and nutrient gases are supplied basic, which favor the bioreaction from the beginning.
• the reaction medium 6 can be ideally tempered and corresponding to the purpose of the reaction, phototrophic microorganisms or chemical substances can be introduced in a defined amount.
• reaction medium 6 In order to maintain the ideal reaction conditions, temperature, process fluid content, process gas content, circulation, mixing, light supply, and removal of metabolic products can be controlled and controlled in the reaction medium 6.

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