EP2241713B1 - House door leaf with heat insulation - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a front door leaf for a suitable as the outer closure of a building front door, with a thermal insulation device for thermal insulation, as it is known from DE 296 17 479 U1 , of the EP 1 568 842 B1 as well as the EP 1 780 368 A2 is known. Moreover, the invention relates to a front door with such a front door leaf and a manufacturing method thereof.

The DE 296 17 479 U1 discloses a front door with a front door leaf, in which aluminum profiles a door leaf frame is made and on the door leaf frame motif plates are mounted. Between the motif plates filling elements for heat and / or sound insulation can be provided.

In the EP 1 568 842 B1 a door leaf door is described for a front door, which identifies a door leaf frame made of light metal profiles. On the door leaf frame a sandwich panel is held as a door panel, which is formed of a motif plate and a cover plate and insulation material in between.

The EP 1 780 368 A2 discloses a front door with a front door leaf with door leaf frame, in which a door panel is inserted, which has a motif plate.

All doors described above have in common that they are usually made so that a peripheral door leaf frame is provided, on which the fittings are arranged. The door leaf frame is formed of a light metal such as an aluminum alloy.

In or on this door leaf frame then a door leaf filling is used. As a door leaf filling come to sandwich panels in question. These sandwich panels have motif plates, end plates and insulation material.

On the front door market, there are many companies that have specialized exclusively in the production of door leaf fillings, since the construction of a front door leaf of a door leaf frame and a door leaf filling is the usual construction of front doors.

Sandwich panels are usually introduced into the door leaf frame, as for example in the DE 296 17 479 U1 is disclosed.

In this case, the door leaf frame in addition connecting webs of poorly heat conductive material in order to avoid thermal bridges.

Such front doors have proven themselves in practice, but they have some disadvantages worthy of improvement.

Front doors have a multitude of functions that they have to fulfill, but what is most important is the fact that they are selected by the customer under the design aspect. Clients want to have a choice of entry doors that match their building visually. Another important aspect in the choice of a front door for the client is the Dämmfähigkeit, as a well-insulated front door to a lower energy consumption and thus helps to save costs.

The from the EP 1 568 842 B1 known front doors in which a sandwich panel is placed on a door leaf frame made of light metal, although production advantages and advantages in thermal insulation, but generally act very powerful, since in addition to the sandwich panel, which is very thick depending on the required thermal insulation, still the door leaf frame, who makes the door even thicker.

In many cases, such exterior door structures for thermal insulation must additionally be provided with connecting webs of a material which conducts heat poorly. This is complex in production and increases the costs compared to doors that do not need such heat-insulating measures.

Front doors, where the sandwich panel is placed on the door leaf frame, offer advantages in that there are no large number of connecting webs from the poorly heat-conducting material needed. However, they also have a disadvantage, namely that a cover strip is provided, which is used as a cover and fastening of the sandwich panel. The cover strip is formed as a clip profile, i. it is at least partially visible.

Front doors should also be designed in such a way that they oppose external influences such as a break-in attempt or even forces of nature as high a resistance as possible, so as to prevent damage or at least complicate. Flexible components on the front door do not contribute to this.

In addition, front doors should have the highest possible thermal insulation capacity, since weak points that allow higher heat to flow out of the building than their immediate surroundings have a negative impact on the energy efficiency of the building. Such vulnerabilities are generally found on the roof, windows and exterior doors. Therefore, especially these components should have a particularly good thermal insulation.

However, just in the structure in which a sandwich plate is inserted into a door leaf frame, such a thermal insulation is complex, since additional elements must be provided to fulfill this function.

A problematic issue with an increased thickness of the front door is that the gap between a door frame and the front door leaf must be made larger so that the front door opens, and not tilted with the door frame.

A larger gap has a negative effect on the front door thermal insulation function discussed above, and may adversely affect the visual appearance.

DE 202 04 198 U1 discloses as a final door for a building a front door leaf, which has a microporous insulation material as thermal insulation.

In a VIP-Ban specialist article "Nanopröse Dämmstoffe based on fumed silica", see also XP 009169053 describes Dr. med. Peter Randel generally particles in the nanoscale as insulating materials.

US 5,376,449 discloses panels which are filled with porous silicate particles in the size range of <100 nm for thermal insulation.

The object of the invention is to provide a front door leaf with excellent thermally insulating properties, which can simultaneously provide a more elegant visual appearance.

This object is achieved by a front door leaf with the features of claim 1.

A door provided with this and a manufacturing process are the subject of the additional claims.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

In a front door leaf for a provided as the outer end of a building door is advantageously provided a thermal insulation device for thermal insulation, which preferably contains a nanoporous insulating material.

Nanoporous insulating material is a material that has particles and / or structures with a size in the nm range. The particles preferably have a very large specific surface area due to a large number of pores. At this surface, gas molecules can easily accumulate by physical adsorption. For example, such a gas cushion is used for heat insulation, since gas generally has a low thermal conductivity. Since the molecules are adsorbed on the particle surface, they move only slightly, and convection conduction is prevented. Being a nanoporous insulating material In particular, silicic anhydrides with pores with a size in the nm range used, which are commonly referred to as pyrogenic or nanoporous silica.

Additionally or alternatively, it is also possible to use packages containing nanoporous, e.g. granular loose, insulating material are filled to evacuate, so as to form particularly effective vacuum insulation panels.

Nanoporous insulating material has a much greater thermal insulation value than, for example, conventional PU foam, with which house doors are generally foamed for thermal insulation. If a part of, for example, the PU foam or the entire amount of this insulating material present in the door leaf is replaced by a nanoporous insulating material, it is possible to make the front door leaf substantially thinner with the same thermal insulation performance, making it even more elegant and even more visually in a building can be integrated.

The nanoporous insulating materials may e.g. specially made for this purpose; However, it is preferable to use nanoporous insulating materials, which are obtained, inter alia, as a waste in the production of storage media. Preferably, the nanoporous insulating material to silicic anhydrides, which is commonly referred to as fumed silica or nanoporous silica.

Due to the particle size, this is preferably a flowable particle medium which, in order to be used as an insulating material in doors, is welded under vacuum in a film.

According to a preferred embodiment, a large number of gas molecules can be absorbed at the specific large surface area of the nanoporous insulating material. These gas molecules form the thermal barrier coating. Because they are absorbed on the surface of the nanoporous insulating particles, they can not circulate and heat transfer by convection is prevented.

Such a nanoporous insulating material preferably has a higher insulation value by a factor of 10 than ordinary PU foam.
In a preferred embodiment using flowable materials, the flowability of the material allows the particles in any desired form to be welded as packages and incorporated into other structures.

The nanoporous insulating material preferably has nanoporous particles. For example, particles and pores in the nano range are used. These nanoporous particles mostly have advantageously large surfaces on which molecules are easily absorbed. The gas molecules generally have a low thermal conductivity and are immobilized by the absorption on the particle surface, so that also a heat conduction by convection is prevented.

The thermal insulation device in the front door leaf advantageously has an insulating material made of flowable particles. Flowable particles make it possible to bring the insulating material preferably in any desired shape so as to be able to bring it into components that have unusual shapes.

The nanoporous particles are preferably present unbound as flowable particles in the thermal insulation device. Due to the lack of chemical or physical bonds between the particles, the free shaping of the insulating layer can be substantially improved.

Preferably, the nanoporous and / or flowable particles are packed in at least one package pressed. The package holds as a shell the nanoporous and / or flowable particles which are pressed into it, firmly together, and also serves advantageously as a form-determining basic form, which dictates the final shape of the filled with nanoporous particles package.

The nanoporous insulating material is preferably provided as a filling of at least one vacuum insulation panel. In the vacuum there is no heat conduction, the heat transfer happens only by heat radiation.

If the package in which the nanoporous insulating material is pressed in as a filling is evacuated, advantageously only a few gas molecules remain on the surface of the nanoporous particles after the evacuation. The pores of the insulating material remain unfilled. In this case, the particles advantageously serve as vacuum carriers, in the pores of which the vacuum is located. The thermal conductivity is further reduced by the introduction of a vacuum compared to absorbed air molecules, thereby increasing the thermal insulation.

Advantageously, therefore, the package forms the vacuum insulation board.

Preferably, an insulating material layer or insulating material layer running parallel to the door leaf broadside is formed within the door leaf from the nanoporous insulating material. Thus, a large part of the Haustürblatts be advantageously filled with an insulating material with high thermal insulation.

In this case, the insulation layer or insulating material layer may advantageously be formed from one or more of the packages or vacuum insulation panels as needed. If the insulation layer consists of several packages or vacuum insulation panels, these can preferably be next to each other and / or be arranged one above the other. By using multiple packages, it is possible to make front door panels so that they have viewing openings such as glass windows, and still be completely filled with an insulating layer in the rest. Depending on the number of packages that are stacked next to each other and / or stacked, the heat insulation capacity of the Haustürblatts increases.

The nanoporous insulating material preferably has nanoporous and / or pyrogenic silica. This material has a very small particle diameter, in particular in the nanometer range, which makes it particularly flowable, and / or a high specific surface area, that is, it comprises a multiplicity of pores in the nanoscale, which can absorb a large volume of gas, or in the case of the vacuum insulation panel has a large vacuum volume and thus good thermal insulation.

Furthermore, the insulating device preferably comprises at least one Schaumdämmstofflage foamed insulation, in particular PU foam. Foamed insulation is inexpensive and can be easily introduced by foaming in very narrow recesses. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for filling a door raw structure.

Preferably, the nanoporous insulating material is embedded between two Schaumdämmstofflagen, since this lowers the cost of production.

The front door leaf preferably has two respective broad sides forming plates, which are advantageously arranged spaced apart by a spacer means, and between which the heat-insulating device is formed. With such a structure, it is possible to keep the nanoporous insulating material in its predetermined position until the rest of the front door leaf interior is foamed with the foam insulation.

The spacer device preferably comprises a plurality of narrow end faces of the front door leaf, which are advantageously formed by profiled strips. Along the profile strip extends a profile region, which is preferably made at least partially of thermally insulating material. The thermally insulating profile strip in conjunction with the nanoporous insulating material ensures even better thermal insulation of the front door leaf.

The thermally insulating material is preferably a fiber-reinforced plastic material, and is produced in particular by pultrusion technology.

Fiber reinforced plastic material is a material that consists of reinforcing fibers and a plastic matrix. The fibers may be, for example, glass fibers or carbon fibers, but other types of fibers are known.

The matrix surrounds the fibers bound to the matrix by adhesive and / or cohesive forces.

The reinforcing fibers are characterized by having high specific strengths and stiffnesses. Without the matrix material, however, these high specific strengths and stiffnesses are not usable, only by a suitable combination of fiber and matrix material creates a new construction material.

The mechanical and thermal properties of this construction material can be individually adjusted via a variety of parameters. Thus, different fiber or matrix materials can be used, the fiber angle can be adjusted, the layer order can be changed, or the fiber volume fraction can be increased or decreased depending on the desired properties.

In addition to the strength, plastic materials generally have a low thermal conductivity and can therefore provide effective thermal insulation in conjunction with other thermal insulation devices.

Fiber-reinforced plastic material can be individually adapted to the requirements of the component produced with this technology by the pultrusion technique.

The profiled strips may advantageously be constructed in several parts, wherein at least one part is formed from the fiber-reinforced plastic material or they may preferably be formed integrally and completely from the fiber-reinforced plastic material.

Preferably, the front door leaf is constructed in box-lid construction, wherein preferably a first of the plates forms a box to be filled by the heat-insulating device and the second of the plates preferably forms an occlusive lid.

Preferably, the box is formed by the first panel and the spacer means attached thereto, the spacer means being formed by a door leaf frame formed as a support structure with four door leaf frame beams.

Preferably, the package or the vacuum insulation panel is attached to the spacer means positively and / or cohesively.

The front door with the front door leaf preferably comprises a door frame.

In a method for producing a front door leaf, a box-lid construction is advantageously initially provided, in which preferably a proposed insulating material layer of nanoporous insulating material is inserted, after which the box-lid construction is advantageously closed with a lid.

In this case, the insulating material layer is preferably made of flowable nanoporous particles, in which the particles are preferably placed in a sheath, which advantageously defines an outer shape for the insulating material layer. More preferably, the mold is adapted to the box-lid construction, and is first evacuated after insertion of the particles and then sealed.

The door leaf frame spars of a door leaf frame are preferably made of profile strips, which are advantageously at least partially formed of fiber reinforced plastic material, preferably pultrusion technique, and the door leaf frame is preferably made from a plurality of the door leaf frame spars and a first plate, which preferably forms one of the broad sides of the house door leaf, advantageously becomes attached to the door leaf frame.

The box-lid construction is preferably formed by making door leaf frame beams of a door leaf from profile strips which are preferably at least partially made of the fiber-reinforced plastic by pultrusion technique, and the door leaf frame is advantageously made from these door leaf frame beams. Advantageously, a first plate, which forms one of the broad sides of the front door leaf, is subsequently attached to the door leaf frame so as to form the box of the box-lid construction.

Fig. 1

einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform einer Haustür mit Haustürblatt und Türzarge;

Fig.2

einen Vertikalschnitt durch die erste Ausführungsform der Haustür;

Fig. 3

einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform der Haustür mit Haustürblatt und Türzarge;

Fig. 4

einen Vertikalschnitt durch die zweite Ausführungsform der Haustür;

Fig. 5

einen Horizontalschnitt durch eine dritte Ausführungsform der Haustür mit Haustürblatt und Türzarge und

Fig. 6

einen Vertikalschnitt durch die dritte Ausführungsform der Haustür.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1

a horizontal section through a first embodiment of a front door with front door leaf and door frame;

Fig.2

a vertical section through the first embodiment of the front door;

Fig. 3

a horizontal section through a second embodiment of the front door with front door leaf and door frame;

Fig. 4

a vertical section through the second embodiment of the front door;

Fig. 5

a horizontal section through a third embodiment of the front door with front door leaf and door frame and

Fig. 6

a vertical section through the third embodiment of the front door.

Fig. 1 shows a horizontal cross section through a used as the outer end 8 of a building (not shown) door 10 with front door elements 11 in the form of a Haustürblatts 12 and a door frame 14th

The door frame 14 comprises a plurality Zargenholme 16, of which Fig. 1 only the vertically arranged Zargenholme the front door 10 are shown. You can see the lock-side Zargenholm 18 on the left in Fig. 1 and the band-side Zargenholm 20 on the right side of the Fig. 1 ,

The lock-side Zargenholm 18 includes a first profile strip 22. The first profile strip 22 has a plurality of hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 ", 26 on.

The first hollow profile element 24, 24 ', 24 "is formed larger than the second hollow profile element 26. The first hollow profile element 24, 24', 24" can, as in FIG Fig. 1 shown by dash-dotted lines, in different sizes (hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 "), depending on the need and construction of the masonry, are made.

The second hollow profile element 26 has an abutment mechanism 30 for a lock 31 arranged on the front door leaf 12. The two hollow profile elements 24, 26 are preferably made of a metal, namely here a light metal, more precisely an aluminum alloy.

The hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 ", 26 are connected to one another via a plurality of connecting webs 32, 34. The connecting webs 32, 34 are made of fiber-reinforced plastic material 35. A carbon fiber composite material serves as a fiber-reinforced plastic material 35. A first connecting web 32 has a folded area shape 32b a bevelled or curved shape, wherein the slope reinforces toward the outer region 36 of the front door 10. A second connecting web 34, which is located on the wall side of the door frame 14, has a straight profile web, which is flush with the wall-side profile walls of the hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 ", 26 extends.

A first cavity 38, which is formed by the connection of the hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 ", 26 with the connecting webs 32, 34, is foamed with an insulating material 39, such as foam insulation, in particular PU foam.

The connecting webs 32, 34 have at their ends first dovetail-like projections 40 with which the connecting webs 32, 34 are positively engaged with trapezoidal groove formations on the hollow profile elements 24, 24 ', 24 ", 26.

The first hollow profile element 24, 24 ', 24 "comprises a first groove 42, into which a first seal 44 can engage. The first seal 44 serves as an outer seal and engages on an outer edge region of the front door leaf 12.

The band-side frame member 20 is formed by a second profile strip 46, which is formed substantially identical to the first profile strip 22. One difference is that in the second hollow profile element 26 of the second profile strip 46 as a fitting 47 no thrust mechanism 30, but a first part 48 of a pivot mechanism 50, which is designed as a door hinge 51 is located.

The pivoting mechanism 50 includes a concealed hinge system, as more particularly disclosed in the German patent application DE 10 2009 004 210.5-23 is described. This patent application is incorporated by reference into the present application. It is expressly made to this non-prepublished German patent application for more details of the door hinge 51.

The front door leaf 12 has, on the lock side, a door latch 54 arranged on an inner region 52 and on the outer region 36 a rosette 55. In embodiments not shown, a front door handle is provided.

The front door leaf 12 has as a supporting or supporting element on a door leaf frame 57 formed of a plurality of door leaf frame beams 56. The door leaf frame spars 56 are formed from further profile strips 58, 58a. More specifically, the front door leaf 12 includes a third profile strip 58 on the lock side and a fourth profile strip 58 a on the hinge side. The third profile strip 58 forms a lock-side end face 59 of the front door leaf 12 and comprises a plurality of profile areas 60, 62. In the illustrated example, a first profile area 60 and a second profile area 62 are provided. The first profile area 60 is in form engagement with the second profile area 62. The second profile area 62 is formed from a light metal, namely an aluminum alloy, and has a lock receiving area for receiving the lock 31. It includes a second groove 66 which receives a second seal 68.

The first profile region 60 of the third profile strip 58 has a first and a second strip element 74, 76. The first strip element 74 is larger than the second strip element 76. The first strip element 74 comprises two second dovetail-like projections 78 with which the two profile regions 60, 62 are fastened to one another in a form-fitting manner.

Towards the outer region 36 of the front door leaf 12, the first strip element 74 has a third groove 80, by means of which the first strip element 74 encloses a first plate 82 in the form of a motif plate 83 of the front door leaf 12. The motif plate 83 essentially forms a first broad side 84 of the front door leaf 12.

The first plate 82 is bent in the area in which it is enclosed by the first strip element 74 via the third groove 80 to the interior 86 of the Haustürblatts 12. The first strip element 74 has a rounding 88 in a folded region 89 and thus forms a convex end region 90.

The front door leaf 12 further comprises a second plate 92 in the form of a cover plate 94, which essentially forms a second broad side 96 of the Haustürblatts 12. The second plate 92 encloses and is supported by the second profile region 62.

The third profile strip 58 forms a spacer device 98, which holds the two plates 84, 96 forming the broad sides 84, 96 spaced. It forms with the plate 82 a box 100 of a box-lid construction 102, which is closed by the second plate 92 as a lid 104.

In the rounding 88 is a fourth groove 106. In this fourth groove 106, a third seal 108 is introduced.

The front door leaf 12 further includes a thermal insulation device 112 to thermally isolate the outer region 36 of the inner region 52. The thermal insulation device 112 usually has a plurality of insulating material layers 114 or insulation layers. The Dämmstofflagen 114 are part of a door panel 115 for the front door leaf 12th

The first strip element 74 and the second strip element 76 of the third profile strip 58 are positively connected to each other. The first strip element 74, the second strip element 76 and the second profile region 62 form a recess 116, in which one of the insulating material layers 114 is positively received and held, which is formed by a vacuum insulation panel 118. In the illustrated embodiment, this vacuum insulation panel has a silicic acid anhydride 120 in the form of pyrogenic or nanoporous silica 122.

The band-side frame member 20 is essentially formed by the fourth profile strip 58 a, which is identical to the third profile strip 58 and forms the band-side end face 124. As the sole difference, the second profile region 62 of the fourth profile strip 58a does not have the counter-bearing mechanism 30 in its interior, but rather a band-receiving region 126 for a second part 128 of the swivel mechanism 50.

The pivot mechanism 50 has a hinge formed by the door hinge 51, which connects the second hollow profile element 26 of the second profile strip 48 with the second profile region 62 of the fourth profile strip 58a. The lock 31 has one or more catch 132, which engages in a corresponding Schnäpperaufnahme 134 of the abutment mechanism 30 in the second hollow profile element 26 of the first profile strip 22. Further, a multi-locking device (not shown) is provided with a plurality of bars, which a key or the like or a motor lock for personal identification for locking and unlocking the front door are actuated.

The first broad side 84 is smaller, in particular narrower than the second broad side 96. At the end faces, the fold region 89 with the rounding 88 or in an alternative embodiment, not shown, of a bevel is provided as a transition from the narrow first broad side 84 to the broader second broad side 96 , The vacuum insulation panel 96 is formed as a package 136 and extends in the interior 86 of the Haustürblatts 12 parallel to the two broad sides 84,96.

The arrangement of the vacuum insulation panel 96 results in two second cavities 138, which are foamed with a foam insulating material 140 forming a further insulating material layer 114. The foam insulating material 140 also foams a fifth groove 142 in the first strip element 74, which opens toward the interior 86 for the purpose of positive reception of the thermal insulation device 112.

The thermal insulation device 112 has further components, which are formed from fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 and connect the thermal insulation areas that are in contact with the outer region 36, with areas that are in contact with the inner region 52. The fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 has a very low thermal conductivity, whereby thermal bridges can be avoided, i. It acts as a thermally insulating material.

In each Zargenholm 16, the cavity 38 is additionally foamed by a foam insulation 142, so as to increase the thermal insulation capacity of the door frame 14 even further. In the front door leaf 12, in addition to the foam insulation 140, the vacuum insulation panel 118 acts as a thermal insulation panel.

The vacuum insulation panel 118 is formed by flowable nanoporous insulating material 148, which has been filled as a particle medium in a film 150, which defines the basic shape of the package 136 as a shell 152 or envelope. Subsequently, the shell 152 is evacuated to press firmly against the particle medium. The package 136 thus has a vacuum.

Such a thermal insulation board has a much higher thermal insulation value than conventional foam insulation. Therefore, the thermal insulation function of the front door leaf 12 is increased by a multiple by the use of such a thermal insulation board.

The first strip element 74 of the first profile area 60 in the front door leaf 12 is likewise formed from fiber-reinforced plastic material 35. This prevents on the one hand due to the low thermal conductivity of this material, a thermal bridge, on the other hand it makes the front door leaf 12 due to the mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced plastic material 35, especially in this area resistant. Especially this area is particularly stressed during operation.

Since the first connecting web 32 of the frame spar 16 is formed from the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35, the total area of the front door 10 is extremely robust and resistant.

The first strip element 74 of the third profile strip 58 and the first connecting web 32 of the Zargenholmes 16 are rounded - rounded 88 - and have a mutually complementary shape. This shape is designed such that the front door leaf 12 can be made thicker without the front door leaf 12 canted to the frame member 16. For differently shaped house door leaves would, in order to prevent this, the door gap 156 are widened. However, this door gap 156 can be kept narrow here due to the improved design, which contributes to the thermal insulation. The rounded shape also reduces the stress on the third seal 92 attached to the first ledge member 74 in the fourth groove 90.

The front door 10 has between the Zargenholm 16 and the front door leaf 12 has three seals 44, 68, 108. This results in the door gap 156 in the closed state of the front door 10, two air chambers 1158, 160. By a plurality of air chambers, it is possible to keep the convection of the air low, i. to form a convection barrier, thus hindering the heat exchange. As a result, the thermal insulation capacity of the front door 10 is further improved.

The rounding 88 of the first strip element 74 of the third profile strip 58 also causes the front door leaf 12 looks elegant and filigree. It is therefore possible, even thick doors that can absorb a large amount of thermal insulation materials in their interior by their thickness, to look elegant and filigree.

Fig. 2 shows a vertical cross section through the front door 10 with the front door leaf 12 and the door frame 14th

Since the front door 10 is constructed on the same principle, the vertical direction differs from the horizontal direction only by the bottom portion 162. In the following, only the components that differ from the in Fig. 1 different components described. The same components bear the same reference numerals and the description is not repeated.

In the floor area 162, the front door 10 has a threshold profile 164 of a door sill 166 instead of a frame spar 16. The door sill 166 includes a third hollow profile member 168 and a Bodeneinstand 170. The third hollow profile element 168 and the Bodeneinstand 170 are fastened by a plurality of fasteners 172, in particular screws, to each other.

The third hollow profile element 168 is embedded in the bottom 174 and formed in the example shown here from the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35. The hollow profile element 168 has, in the illustrated example, two hollow chambers 176, 178, which may be reinforced by metal cantilevers 180.

The bottom recess 170 comprises an outside area 182 and an inside area 184. Both areas 182, 184 are formed of metal, in particular light metal, such as an aluminum alloy. The outside area 182 has a metal profile element with a projection area 188 with a projection 190 to which a fourth seal 194 attached to the lower front side 192 of the front door leaf 12 abuts.

The outside area 182 and the inside area 184 of the bottom fence 170 are connected to each other by a connecting piece 196. In the in Fig. 2 illustrated first embodiment, the connector 196 has a profile shaped like a dog bone.

The fastening elements 172 are covered with a web 198, which is preferably formed from the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35.

In addition to the fourth seal 194, the front door leaf 12 also has the second seal 68 at the bottom area 176. In contrast to the horizontal area of the front door 10, the in Fig. 1 is shown, the vertical portion of the front door 10 in the bottom portion 176 only two instead of three seals.

In addition, the first strip element 74 in the bottom region 176 does not surround the first plate 82, but here it overlies the first strip element 74.

The use of the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 is in the bottom portion 176 of advantage, since here too, depending on the load, large forces can act, on the other hand, the avoidance of thermal bridges is useful here. The floor area 176 is thereby more robust and resistant, yet thermally insulated.

For reasons of stability, it is advantageous that both the outside area 182 and the inside area 184 of the bottom fence 170 are fastened, each with its own fastening element 172, to the third hollow profile element 168.

The protrusion 190 of the outside area 182 avoids the ingress of dirt or precipitate over the door sill 166.

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show a second embodiment of the front door 10 with the front door leaf 12 and the door frame 14, wherein Fig. 3 a horizontal cross section and Fig. 4 a vertical cross section through the front door 10 shows.

The elements used in the second embodiment according to Fig. 3 and 4 Find use, little differ from the elements of the first, in Fig. 1 and 2 shown and described above embodiment. In the following, only the differences from the first embodiment will be described. The same elements are provided with the same reference numerals and their description will not be repeated.

In the horizontal area, the first differs from the second embodiment only in that no second strip element 76 is present in the first profile area 60 of the third profile strip 58. For this reason, the vacuum insulation panel 96 is not held in a form-fitting manner between the first profile area 60 and the second profile area 62, but is preferably fastened to the second profile area 62 in a material-locking manner. This simplifies production and makes it more cost effective, since a strip element has to be produced less.

In the bottom region 162, the two embodiments differ, as in FIG Fig. 4 shown in that the connecting piece 196 is not shaped like a dog bone, but is provided with an annular ridge portion 200. The connector 196 thus fills the entire space 202 between the outside area 182 and the inside area 186 of the bottom panel 170, thus making the structure even more stable.

Instead of the fourth seal 194, which is larger than the other seals 44, 68 used in the first embodiment, a smaller fifth seal 204 is used, which is fastened with a connecting profile 206 to the second groove 66 in the first profile region 60. The fifth seal 204 is inserted into a sixth groove 208 in the connection profile 206. This makes it possible to use the same seals everywhere, which reduces logistics and storage costs. The connection profile 206 has a support portion 210 which is complementary to the rounding 88 and is supported thereon. The support region 210 supports a protruding lower edge region 212 of the motif plate 83.

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show a third embodiment of the front door 10 with the front door leaf 12 and the door frame 14, wherein Fig. 5 a horizontal and Fig. 6 a vertical cross section through the front door 10 shows.

Again, only the differences from the other two embodiments will be described. Like reference numerals refer to corresponding elements, the description of which is not repeated.

The third embodiment differs from the other two embodiments in that the two profile regions 60, 62 of the third profile strip 58 are formed as regions of a one-piece hollow profile 214, which is formed entirely from the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35.

This increases the resistance of the Haustürblatts 12, since there are no longer any possible vulnerabilities through connecting areas between strip elements. Also causes the replacement of the metal of the second profile portion 62 by the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 even better thermal insulation, since now no good heat-conducting material on the third profile strip 58 is more available. In addition, a separate production of light metal profiles and the connection thereof with the profiles made of the fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 profile areas omitted.

The vacuum insulation panel 118 is smaller than in the other two embodiments and attached via an adhesive connection 216 to the second profile portion 62. Since no metallic and thus no good heat-conducting material is more present in the interior 86 of the Haustürblatts 12, insulation material can be saved, which makes the structure cheaper.

In the third embodiment, the Bodeneinstand 170 is integrally formed of fiber reinforced plastic material 35. The fasteners 172 are only individually covered with a small, also made of fiber-reinforced plastic material 35 cover 218. The projection 190 is additionally reinforced and sealed with an outer seal 220.

Also in the bottom region 162, the material used contributes to a better thermal insulation and greater robustness of the Bodeneinstands 170.

Although the fiber reinforced plastic material 35 has certain advantages in terms of its resistance and thermal insulation ability to metal materials. In most cases, it is much more expensive. Therefore, it is advantageous if various embodiments are available, which have different proportions of the respective material. Thus, the client can decide after weighing the cost-benefit factor for a suitable solution for him.

The production of the front door 10 is described below using the example of the first embodiment, in the Fig. 1 and 2 is shown described.

In pultrusion technique, the connecting webs 32, 34 and the strip elements 74, 76 and the profile region 62 of the third profile strip 58 are formed. Furthermore, also in Pultrusionstechnik the areas 182, 184 of Bodeneinstands 170, the connecting piece 196 and a web 198 are formed.

For this purpose, reinforcing fibers are impregnated with resin either in an open or a closed process.

In an open process, the reinforcing fibers are guided via a dipping roller from their positions into a resin trough (also impregnated trough). A Kadier grid ensures the desired distribution of the fibers in the later profile. These are soaked in a resin tank with synthetic resin and pass through several preform stations, which bring the fiber resin mixture closer and closer to the desired final shape. In the closed process, the entire reinforcing fibers only come into contact with the resin in the forming tool - but then at elevated pressure.

Once in the mold, the thermosetting plastic is continuously cured at temperatures between 100 and 200 ° C (depending on the material) (hot curing process). For large-volume profiles, care should be taken to ensure that the heat distribution is as constant as possible in order to prevent cracks. The cured profile is then sawn into arbitrarily long pieces. The entire process is performed by a drawing tool z. B. in the form of a caterpillar take-off or reversing hydraulic grippers in motion, which pulls the finished profile and thus the fibers together with the resin and the reinforcing material from the curing tool.

Further, in the usual way for the production of aluminum alloy profiles, the hollow profile elements 24, 26 and the second profile portion 62 of the third profile strip 58 produced by forming. Forming is the generic term for all manufacturing processes in which metals are purposefully plastically converted into another shape. In this case, a urgeformtes (= cast) starting material (a strand of the continuous casting or a block from the ingot casting) is converted into semi-finished (first processing stage) or workpieces from the semi-finished produced (second processing stage). The volume before and after the forming is the same; the mass and cohesion of the material are retained during forming. There is a distinction between cold and hot forming. During hot forming, recrystallization regularly occurs, which counteracts solidification of the material. Cold forming refers to a deformation below the recrystallization temperature. In her case, it comes to a solidification with reduced toughness.

The two hollow profile elements 24, 26 are connected via form engagement with connecting webs 32, 34 to the first profile strip 22, which forms an element of the door frame 14. The resulting first cavity between the two hollow profile elements 24, 26 and the connecting webs 32, 34 is foamed with an insulating material 39.

Likewise, the first and second strip elements 74, 76 are connected to the first profile area 60 of the third profile strip 58. The first profile region 60 thus formed is connected to the second profile region 62 to form the third profile strip 58 via a form engagement.

If the dimensions of an ordered front door are known, suitable lengths are cut from these raw profiles. From the third profile strips 58 of the door leaf frame 57 is formed. From the first profile strips 22, the door frame is formed.

To produce the vacuum insulation panel 118, the procedure is as follows:

The nanoporous insulating material 148 comprising nanoporous silica 122 is packed in the foil 150 in a shape that dictates the exterior shape of the package 136. The film 150 is sealed and during the closing of this resulting package 136 is evacuated.

To the first profile region 60 of the third profile strips 58 forming the door leaf frame 57, one of the two plates 82, 92, e.g. the motif plate 83 mounted to form the box 100 of the box-lid construction 102.

The vacuum insulation panel 118 is inserted, a foam insulation 140 is introduced, and then the box 100 is fitted with a second panel 92, e.g. closed in the form of a cover plate 94. In this state, the foaming of the remaining cavities of the Haustürblatts done by means of the foaming Schaumdämmstoffs 140th

Then, fittings such as the lock 31, the door hinges 51, the abutment mechanism 30, the swing mechanism 50, the door latch 54 and the rosette 55 are attached.

In addition, the seals 44, 68, 108, 194 are inserted into the corresponding grooves. This step can also be done before cutting the raw profiles.

The door is delivered to the construction site and installed there.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

8th

exterior doors

10

front door

11

Door elements

12

Door Leaf

14

door frame

16

frame member

18

lock-side frame spar

20

hinge-side frame spar

22

first profile bar

24

first hollow profile element

24 '

first hollow profile element

24 "

first hollow profile element

26

second hollow profile element

30

Platen mechanism

31

lock

32

first connecting bridge

32b

Falzbereichsform

34

second connecting bridge

35

fiber-reinforced plastic material

36

outdoors

38

first cavity

39

insulation

40

first dovetailed protrusions

42

first groove

44

first seal

46

second profile strip

47

fitting

48

first part

50

swivel mechanism

51

hinge

52

interior

54

door handle

55

rosette

56

Door leaf frame spar

57

Door Frame

58

third profile strip

58a

fourth profile strip

59

lock side end face

60

first profile area

62

second profile area

64

Castle reception area

66

second groove

68

second seal

74

first strip element

76

second strip element

78

second dovetailed protrusions

80

third groove

82

first plate

83

motive plate

84

first broadside

86

Interior

88

rounding off

89

folding area

90

convex forehead area

92

second plate

94

cover plate

96

second broadside

98

Spacer means

100

box

102

Box lid construction

104

cover

106

fourth groove

108

third seal

112

thermal insulation means

114

insulation material layer

115

Door leaf filling

116

recess

118

vacuum insulating

120

silicic

122

silica

124

hinge side end face

126

Tape recording area

128

second part

130

swivel

132

Catches

134

Schnäpperaufnahme

136

package

138

second cavities

140

Foam insulation (front door leaf)

142

fifth groove

144

Foam insulation (frame)

148

nanoporous insulating material

150

foil

152

shell

156

door gap

158

first air chamber

160

second air chamber

162

floor area

164

sill profile

166

threshold

168

third hollow profile element

170

floor recess

172

fasteners

174

ground

176

hollow

178

hollow

180

Metal square tube

182

outside area

184

inside area

188

projection portion

190

head Start

192

lower front side

194

fourth seal

196

joint

198

web

200

annular connector

202

gap

204

poetry

206

connection profile

208

sixth groove

210

support area

212

lower edge area

214

one-piece hollow profile

216

adhesive bond

218

cover

220

external coating

Claims (15)

1. House door leaf (12) provided as external closure (8) of a building and comprising two broad faces (84, 96) and a thermal insulation arrangement (112) for thermal insulation, wherein said thermal insulation arrangement (112) comprises several insulating material layers (114), wherein said thermal insulation arrangement (112) contains as a first insulating material layer (114) a nanoporous insulating material (148) formed as a vacuum insulating board (96) extending in the interior (86) of house door leaf (12) parallel to the broad faces (84, 96) and together with said broad faces (84, 96) forms two hollow spaces (138) foamed with a foam insulating material (140) as a further insulating material layer (114).
2. House door leaf (12) according to claim 1, characterized in that said nanoporous insulating material (148) comprises a nanoporous particle medium.
3. House door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said thermal insulation arrangement (112) in the house door leaf (12) comprises an insulating material from flowable particles.
4. House door leaf (12) according to claim 2 and 3, characterized in that said nanoporous particle medium is present in the thermal insulation arrangement (112) in an uncombined state as flowable particles and/or that the particles are packaged in a state pressed-in in at least one package.
5. House door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said nanoporous insulating material (148) is provided as a filling of at least one vacuum insulating board (118) and/or that the said package (136) constitutes the vacuum insulating board (118).
6. House door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an insulating material layer or insulating material ply (114) within the house door leaf (12) which extends substantially parallel to the broad faces (84, 96) of the house door (10) is formed from said nanoporous insulating material (148).
7. House door leaf (12) according to claim 6 and according to one of the claims 4 or 5, characterized in that said insulating material layer or insulating material ply (114) is formed from one or several packages (136) or vacuum insulating boards (118), wherein in the case of several packages (136) or vacuum insulating boards (118) the same are disposed side by side and/or on top of each other.
8. House door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said nanoporous insulating material (148) comprises silica (122), in particular nanoporous and/or pyrogenic silica.
9. House door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal insulation arrangement (112) further comprises at least one layer of a foam insulant (39) from expanded insulating material, particularly PU foam.
10. House door leaf (12) according to claim 9, characterized in that said nanoporous insulating material (148) is embedded between two layers of foam insulant (140).
11. House door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the same further includes two panels (82, 92) forming said broad faces (84, 96) which are spaced from each other by a spacer device (98) and between which said thermal insulation arrangement (112) is formed.
12. House door leaf (12) according to claim 11, characterized in that said spacer device (98) includes several profile strips which form several narrow face sides of the house door leaf (12) and which include at least one profile region from a thermal insulation material which extends longitudinally to said profile strip.
13. House door leaf (12) according to one of the claims 11 or 12 and according to one of the claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the package (136) or the vacuum insulating board (118) is fixed to the spacer device (98), in particular in a form fit manner or substance-by-substance.
14. House door (10) having a house door leaf (12) according to one of the preceding claims, and a door frame (14).
15. Method of producing a house door leaf (12) according to one of the claims 1 to 13, the process comprising:

    a) providing a box-and-lid construction (102),

    b) providing an insulating material layer (114) from a nanoporous insulating material (148) and placing said insulating material layer (144) inside said box-and-lid construction (102),

    c) closing said box-and-lid construction (102) with a lid (104).

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