EP2239455B1 - Starter device for an internal combustion engine, in particular of an automobile - Google Patents

Starter device for an internal combustion engine, in particular of an automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2239455B1
EP2239455B1 EP10159084.2A EP10159084A EP2239455B1 EP 2239455 B1 EP2239455 B1 EP 2239455B1 EP 10159084 A EP10159084 A EP 10159084A EP 2239455 B1 EP2239455 B1 EP 2239455B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical contact
electrical
notably
contact element
contactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10159084.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2239455A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Sébastien Metral
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS
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Publication of EP2239455A1 publication Critical patent/EP2239455A1/en
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Publication of EP2239455B1 publication Critical patent/EP2239455B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N15/00—Other power-operated starting apparatus; Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from groups F02N5/00 - F02N13/00
    • F02N15/02—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof
    • F02N15/04—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears
    • F02N15/06—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement
    • F02N15/067—Gearing between starting-engines and started engines; Engagement or disengagement thereof the gearing including disengaging toothed gears the toothed gears being moved by axial displacement the starter comprising an electro-magnetically actuated lever
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087—Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2300/00—Control related aspects of engine starting
    • F02N2300/10—Control related aspects of engine starting characterised by the control output, i.e. means or parameters used as a control output or target
    • F02N2300/102—Control of the starter motor speed; Control of the engine speed during cranking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/02—Non-polarised relays
    • H01H51/04—Non-polarised relays with single armature; with single set of ganged armatures
    • H01H51/06—Armature is movable between two limit positions of rest and is moved in one direction due to energisation of an electromagnet and after the electromagnet is de-energised is returned by energy stored during the movement in the first direction, e.g. by using a spring, by using a permanent magnet, by gravity
    • H01H51/065—Relays having a pair of normally open contacts rigidly fixed to a magnetic core movable along the axis of a solenoid, e.g. relays for starting automobiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates in particular to a starting device for an internal combustion engine, especially a motor vehicle.
  • This contactor comprises a mobile unit composed of a plunger core on which is fixed a rod carrying at one of its ends a sliding mounted contact plate.
  • This plate is initially supported, in particular by the action of springs, on contacts of an electrical circuit comprising a winding resistor so that, in a first startup phase, the starter rotates at a low speed. In a second start-up phase, this same contact plate closes an electrical circuit allowing the starter to deliver its maximum torque.
  • the patent FR 2 827 341 describes an electromagnetic contactor with a power resistor to allow pre-rotation of the launcher.
  • the patent application FR 2 881 479 describes a control device of a starter with an electric motor. This comprises an inductor winding with four windings forming two groups in parallel each of two windings in series. A deferred electromagnetic switch is provided to allow, in a first phase, the activation of only one of the groups of windings and, in a second phase, the activation of the two groups of windings.
  • the invention aims in particular to solve the aforementioned drawback in a simple manner.
  • the invention thus relates to a starting device for a combustion engine, as described in claim 1.
  • the contactor has a single electrical contact element capable of closing firstly the first electrical contact and secondly the second electrical contact, these contacts can be easily arranged, if desired, in a contactor cover.
  • the presence of a single electrical contact element that pushes the first electrical contact to close the second electrical contact increases the compactness of the starting device.
  • the contactor is arranged so that, in the first phase of pre-rotation, the electrical contact element closes the first contact while the second contact is open, and in that in the second phase of full speed, the electrical contact element closes the second contact in addition to the first contact.
  • the torque developed by the electric motor is lower than that developed in the second phase of full speed.
  • the electric motor can already be at least partially supplied with an electric current for a contact winding of the contactor. This can, if necessary, result in a small rotation of the electric motor.
  • the contactor may comprise a mobile assembly arranged to move the launcher by means of a pivoting fork, the moving assembly advantageously comprising a movable core and an actuating element mounted movable relative to this movable core to the against the force exerted by an elastic return element, in particular a spring.
  • the electrical contact element may be integral with a control rod and the movable core may be arranged to be applied against the control rod so as to be able to push it. to cause the pre-rotation phase and the transition from the pre-rotation phase to the full power phase.
  • the contactor may comprise a mobile assembly arranged to move the launcher by means of a pivoting fork, the movable assembly comprising an actuating element arranged to cause the transition from the pre-rotation phase to the phase of rotation. full power.
  • the electrical contact element may be integral with a control rod and the actuating element of the moving assembly is arranged to be applied against the control rod so as to push it to cause the transition from the pre-rotation phase to the full power phase.
  • the electrical contact element comprises an electrically conductive wafer, in particular a metallic wafer.
  • This wafer may have a circular shape.
  • the second contact may comprise at least one electrical contact terminal, in particular fixed.
  • the second contact is formed by two terminals, in particular oriented 180 ° from each other.
  • These fixed terminals can be configured at least partially in a contactor cover.
  • the first contact may comprise at least one electrical contact terminal mounted on a mobile support, and the mobile support may be arranged to allow the mobile contact terminal to be moved. along the longitudinal axis by the electrical contact element between the two phases.
  • the mobile support may advantageously comprise means for returning the mobile contact terminal, in particular a spring.
  • the first contact is formed by two terminals, in particular oriented 180 ° from each other.
  • These fixed terminals can be configured at least partially in a contactor cover.
  • the device may comprise a first electrical terminal connected to a source of energy storage, in particular a battery, a second intermediate power terminal, a third electrical terminal connected to the source of power.
  • energy storage including the battery, and a fourth power terminal of full power.
  • the electrical contact element in the first pre-rotation phase, can come into contact with the first electrical terminal and the second intermediate power terminal, and, in the second phase of full power, the electrical contact can additionally come into contact with the third electrical terminal and with the fourth terminal of full power.
  • the four terminals can be arranged substantially at 90 ° to each other, in particular at least partially in a cover of the contactor.
  • the device may comprise a stator, or inductor, comprising an inductor winding, and at least one power resistor arranged so that, in the first phase of pre- rotation, the inductor winding can be electrically powered through the power resistor including to limit the peak current in the electric motor, and in the second phase at full speed, the inductor winding can be electrically powered by short-circuiting the power resistance.
  • Limiting the current peak in the electric motor makes it possible to limit a voltage drop on an onboard network of the motor vehicle.
  • the power resistance can be mounted, in particular by crimping, at least partially in a cover, in particular plastic, of the contactor.
  • the power resistance may comprise a metal support connected at least to the first electrical contact.
  • This metal support can be configured in a cover of the contactor, in particular on a circular peripheral edge of this cover.
  • This cover can be plastic, and if necessary, the metal support can be crimped hot in this cover.
  • the resistance may be formed by a portion of the inductor coil.
  • first and third electrical contact terminals can be connected to a first power resistor
  • second and fourth electrical contact terminals can be connected to a second power resistor
  • the electrical contact terminals may comprise lugs and connection portions arranged to define connecting elements with the resistors.
  • the invention makes it possible in particular to reduce the torque peak as long as the launcher is in the tooth against tooth position on the ring gear, and thus to eliminate the risk of milling.
  • the invention may also make it possible to eliminate re-openings by return of the movable core which may appear in the case of a tooth against tooth position at the time of the conjunction (in which case a voltage drop due to the peak current of the motor electrical and short-circuiting of a contact winding of this contactor can induce a lack of strength to allow the movable core to come to magnetic bonding).
  • the peak current is limited in the electric motor, which reduces the electrical wear of brushes present in the electric motor.
  • the limitation of the torque peak makes it possible to reduce the mechanical wear of the pinion against the ring gear.
  • the contactor may comprise means for slowing the displacement along the longitudinal axis of the electrical contact element between the two phases.
  • the purpose of the retarder means is to increase the time between two peaks of current until the closure of the main contact.
  • the retarder means may be arranged at least partially in a cover of the contactor, in particular in a central part of the cover.
  • the retarder means can, if desired, be formed by at least one cylinder, in particular hydraulic or pneumatic, or alternatively or in combination by a system acting without friction.
  • the retarder means can advantageously be arranged in such a way that the control rod comprising the electrical contact element can come to bear substantially against these retarder means in order to slow down the displacement of this control rod and of the electrical contact element. .
  • the transition from the pre-rotation phase to the full power phase is not too fast, and there is no risk that the full power phase begins before the pinion is fully meshed with the crown of the combustion engine.
  • the retarder means it is possible to configure the first and second electrical contacts close to each other, which reduces the compactness of the device.
  • the contactor may comprise an electrical circuit comprising a calling electrical winding and an electrical holding circuit comprising a holding electrical winding, the electric winding being able to be short circuit, especially during the joint movement of the electrical contact element and the first electrical contact between the two phases.
  • the electric circuit can include call opening and closing means of this circuit, in particular configured in a cover of the contactor.
  • the opening and closing means of the circuit may be configured in the axial extension of an electrical contact terminal forming the first electrical contact.
  • the axial displacement of this electrical contact terminal may cause the opening of the electrical circuit call.
  • the movable support of the electrical contact terminal can be arranged to open an electrical contact of the electrical circuit call.
  • the means for opening the electrical circuit can be activated before the closing of the second electrical contact, or advantageously at the same time, or even more advantageously after the closing of the second electrical contact.
  • the means for opening the electric circuit can be activated at the end of the stroke of the retarder means.
  • the invention also relates to a rotating electrical machine, including a starter or a reversible alternator of a motor vehicle, which may comprise a device as described above.
  • the invention also relates to an electromagnetic contactor for a starting device of a combustion engine according to claim 15.
  • FIG. 1 a starting device 1 for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
  • This device 1 comprises, firstly, a rotor 2, also called armature, rotatable about an axis X, and secondly, a stator 3, also called inductor, around the rotor 2.
  • This stator 3 comprises a yoke on which are fixed one or more pole pieces 4 for the introduction of an inductor coil 5.
  • the rotor 2 comprises a rotor body 7, and an armature winding 8 wound in notches of the rotor body 7.
  • This armature winding 8 forms, on either side of the rotor body 7, a front bun 9 and a rear bun 10.
  • the rotor 2 is provided, at the rear, with a collector 12 comprising a plurality of contact pieces electrically connected to the conductive elements, formed in the example in question by wires, of the armature winding 8.
  • a group of brushes 13 and 14 is provided for the power supply of the armature winding 8, one of the brushes 13 being connected to the ground of the device 1 and another of the brushes 14 being connected via an electrical connection element to a terminal 28 of a switch 17.
  • the brushes are for example four in number.
  • the brushes 13 and 14 rub on the collector 12 when the rotor 2 is rotating.
  • the starting device 1 further comprises a launcher 19 slidably mounted on a drive shaft 18 and drivable in rotation about the X axis by the rotor 2.
  • a gear reduction unit 20 may be interposed between the rotor 2 and the drive shaft 18, in a manner known per se.
  • the launcher 19 comprises a driving element formed by a pinion 21 and intended to engage on a drive member 33 of the combustion engine.
  • This drive member is for example a ring gear.
  • the launcher 19 further comprises a freewheel 22 and a pulley washer 23 defining between them a groove 24 for receiving the end 25 of a fork 27.
  • This fork 27 is made for example by molding a plastic material.
  • the fork 27 is actuated by the switch 17 to move the launcher 19 relative to the drive shaft 18, along the X axis, between a first position in which the launcher 19 is disengaged from the ring gear 33, and a second position in which the launcher 19 drives the combustion engine via the pinion 21.
  • the contactor 17 comprises a terminal 29 connected via an electrical connection element, in particular a wire 30, to a power supply of the vehicle, in particular a battery 26.
  • the switch 17 comprises two switches 45 and 46 forming first and second electrical contacts.
  • the first switch 45 is connected in series with two resistors 50 between the battery 26 and the inductor coil 5 of the electric motor.
  • the inductor winding 5 can therefore be put in series with two power resistors 50.
  • the switch 45 is placed between the positive terminal 29 of the contactor 17 connected to the battery 26 and an intermediate power terminal 52 connected, in this case, to the power resistors 50.
  • the switch 46 is placed, in parallel with the switch 45, between the terminal 29 connected to the battery 26 and a full power terminal 54 to be able, in this case, to bypass the power resistors 50.
  • the power resistors 50 are arranged between the intermediate power terminals 52 and full power 54.
  • the contactor 17 is arranged so that, in a pre-rotation phase, the switch 45 is closed and the switch 46 is open in order to allow the electrical supply by the battery 26 of the induction coil 5, through the resistors of power 50 so as to reduce the peak torque.
  • the invention makes it possible to reduce the torque peak as long as the launcher 19 is in the tooth against tooth position on the ring gear 33, and thus to eliminate the risk of milling.
  • the peak current can be divided by a factor of between 1 and 3, in particular by a factor of about 2.
  • the switch 17 controls the power supply of the inductor coil 5 to cause the start of the combustion engine.
  • the contactor 17 comprises a contact element 58 and electrical contact terminals 51 to 54 for respectively defining the first and second switches 45 and 46.
  • the switch 17 further comprises a movable assembly 60 arranged to move the launcher 19 via the pivoting fork 27, the moving assembly 60 comprising an actuating element 61.
  • the actuating element 61 is provided with a rod 62 fixed at one end to the fork 27 and having at its opposite end a head 63.
  • the movable assembly 60 of the contactor 17 comprises a movable core 65, the actuating element 61 being mounted therein, displaceable with respect to this movable core 65 against the force exerted by a spring 64 with turns.
  • This spring 64 is mounted around the rod 62 of the actuating element 61 and is applied at one end against the head 63 thereof.
  • the mobile core 65 is movable in the contactor 17 by the action of a magnetic field generated by a coil 41 of the contactor 17.
  • This coil 41 comprises two excitation windings, also called call and hold windings, respectively formed by a call winding 42 and a holding winding 43, as illustrated schematically in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the coil may comprise a single winding.
  • the call and hold windings 42 and 43 make it possible to generate, when each is traversed by a current, a magnetic force displacing the moving core 65 in an axial direction X, while the holding winding 43, when it is only traversed by a current, can generate a magnetic force holding the movable core 65 in position after the aforementioned displacement.
  • the electrical contact element 58 is supported integrally by a control rod 68, for example made of plastic material, and the movable core 65 is arranged to be applied against the control rod 68 so as to be able to pushing it to cause the closing of the first switch 45 and to further cause the closing of the second switch 46 when a user of the motor vehicle engages and turns the ignition key 100, as visible at figures 2 and 3 .
  • the switch 17 further comprises a fixed core 72 interposed between the contact element 58 and the movable core 65, a coil spring 73, also called a return spring, allowing, at least when the contactor is at rest, apply the electrical contact element 58 against the fixed core 72 of the contactor 17.
  • the spring 73 is disposed in a plastic cover 80 of the contactor 17.
  • This spring 73 is further carried by a retarder means 90 arranged to slow the displacement of the electrical contact element 58 by slowing the displacement of the control rod 68.
  • the retarder means 90 may for example use a cylinder system, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, and be partially inserted into a cavity 81 made in a central part of the cover 80.
  • This retarder means 90 has a stepped shape for receiving the spring 73.
  • the retarder means 90 extends longitudinally along the X axis on either side of a bottom 82 of the cover 80, that is to say both outside the cover 80 and in an interior space 83 of this hood 80.
  • the control rod 68 carrying the contact element 58 is able, when moving between the two phases, to bear against one end of the retarder means 90 located in the interior space 83 of the cover 80.
  • control rod 68 has an end in substantially permanent contact with the aforementioned end of the retarder means 90.
  • the contact element 58 is applied against terminals 53 and 54 visible to the figure 4 , in addition to terminals 51 and 52 visible to the figure 3 .
  • the switch 17 is arranged so that the second switch 46 is in the open state as the launcher 19 is in position tooth against tooth on the drive ring 33 of the combustion engine.
  • the contact terminals 51 to 54 are arranged in the plastic cover 80 of the contactor 17, as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 3 and 4 .
  • each terminal 51 and 52 is mounted on a mobile support 92 inserted in a cavity 84 of the cover 80.
  • the mobile support 92 is arranged to allow each terminal 51 and 52 to be movable along the axis X, that is to say that it is movable relative to the cover 80 against the force exerted by a spring 93 with turns.
  • This spring 93 is mounted around an axis 94 disposed within the movable support 92 is applied at one end against it.
  • the contact element 68 comes into contact with the terminals 51 and 52 by being braked by the retarder means 90, then, between the two phases, continues its travel by pushing the terminals 51 and 52 being always braked by the retarder means 90, until this contact element 58 also comes into contact during the second phase with the terminals 53 and 54, which are fixed in the cover 80.
  • each of the terminals 51 and 52 has a flat lug 56 which is extended by a connection portion 57 connected to one end of one of the two resistors 50.
  • Each resistor 50 is formed of a metal cylindrical support disposed against a peripheral rim 85 of cylindrical shape of the cover 80.
  • This cylindrical metal support can be heat set with the plastic cover 80.
  • the terminal 51 is connected to a first resistor 50, itself connected to the terminal 53, and the terminal 52 is connected to a second resistor 50, itself connected to the terminal 54.
  • the electrical contact element 58 comprises an electrically conductive circular wafer, which allows this circular wafer to bear simultaneously on the terminals 51 and 53 to close the first switch 45, and simultaneously on the terminals 52 and 54 to close the first switch 46.
  • terminals 51 to 54 are respectively arranged at 90 ° to each other on the cover bottom 80, which makes it possible to ensure contact between the circular plate 58 and the four terminals 51 to 54 during the closing the second switch 46.
  • the call winding 42 of the coil 41 of the contactor 17 is short-circuited once the first and second switches 45 and 46 closed in particular to ensure the absence of reopening by recoil of the mobile core 65 .
  • the contactor 17 comprises means 95 enabling the opening of a third switch 47, these means 95 being arranged in a cavity 86 of the cover 80 made in the axial extension of the contact terminal 51, as visible in FIG. figure 2 .
  • the displacement along the X axis of the terminal 51 when pushed by the wafer 68 causes the opening of the switch 47, and thus the short circuit of the call winding 42.
  • the opening of the switch 47 is performed at the moment when the wafer 58 comes into contact with the terminals 53 and 54 causing the phase of full speed.
  • the opening of the third switch can be performed when the retarder means reaches the end of the race.
  • the wafer 58 is substantially against the fixed core 72, corresponding to the open state of the switches 45 and 46.
  • the moving assembly 60 moves back slightly towards the fixed core 72 under the effect of the magnetic field exerted by the coils of the contactor 17.
  • the fork 27 is applied against the freewheel 22.
  • the pinion 21 of the launcher 19 bears against tooth against tooth on the ring gear 33.
  • the gear 21 of the launcher 19 remains in the tooth against tooth position on the ring gear 33.
  • the movable core 65 moves back against the control rod 68 carrying the plate 58, which rod 68 is moved backwards by being braked by the retarder means 90. This rearward movement causes the first switch 45 to close thanks to the plate 58 which comes resting on terminals 51 and 52.
  • the second switch 46 is always open.
  • the gear 21 of the launcher 19 remains in the tooth against tooth position with the ring gear 33.
  • the movable core continues to move back and push the control rod 68, still braked by the retarder 90.
  • control rod 68 pushes the plate 58 as well as the terminals 51 and 52.
  • the pinion 21 of the launcher 19 engages in the ring gear 33 and the actuating element 61 moves back relative to the movable core 65.
  • the movable core continues to move back and push the control rod 68, still braked by the retarder 90.
  • control rod 68 pushes the wafer 58 and the terminals 51 and 52 until the wafer 58 bears on the terminals 53 and 54.
  • the second switch 46 is then closed.
  • the actuating element 61 and the control rod 68 move back to an end position corresponding to the end of travel of the retarder means 90.
  • the spring 73 is further compressed.
  • the device may not include means for opening and closing the call circuit.
  • the figure 8 shows the voltage drop of a conventional contactor C1 and the voltage drop of a contactor according to the invention C2, the specifications of the The customer is now having a higher voltage than L.
  • a resistor 51, 52 is chosen such that the voltage drop d1 remains greater than L.
  • the damper 90 is chosen so that the second contact or main contact 53, 54 closes with a delay ⁇ t with respect to the first conatct 51, 52. This delay ⁇ t is defined so that the first two successive voltage drop d1 and d2 is of the same level.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne notamment un dispositif de démarrage pour moteur à combustion interne, notamment de véhicule automobile.The invention relates in particular to a starting device for an internal combustion engine, especially a motor vehicle.

On connaît par le brevet FR 2 174 421 un contacteur électromagnétique pour démarreur électrique de véhicule automobile. Ce contacteur comprend un équipage mobile composé d'un noyau plongeur sur lequel est fixé une tige portant à l'une de ses extrémités une plaquette de contact montée coulissante. Cette plaquette est initialement en appui, notamment par l'action de ressorts, sur des contacts d'un circuit électrique comprenant une résistance de bobinage de sorte que, dans une première phase de démarrage, le démarreur tourne à faible vitesse. Dans une deuxième phase de démarrage, cette même plaquette de contact ferme un circuit électrique permettant au démarreur de délivrer son couple maximum.We know by the patent FR 2 174 421 an electromagnetic contactor for a motor vehicle electric starter. This contactor comprises a mobile unit composed of a plunger core on which is fixed a rod carrying at one of its ends a sliding mounted contact plate. This plate is initially supported, in particular by the action of springs, on contacts of an electrical circuit comprising a winding resistor so that, in a first startup phase, the starter rotates at a low speed. In a second start-up phase, this same contact plate closes an electrical circuit allowing the starter to deliver its maximum torque.

Le brevet FR 2 827 341 décrit un contacteur électromagnétique avec une résistance de puissance pour permettre une pré-rotation du lanceur.The patent FR 2 827 341 describes an electromagnetic contactor with a power resistor to allow pre-rotation of the launcher.

La demande de brevet FR 2 881 479 décrit un dispositif de commande d'un démarreur doté d'un moteur électrique. Celui-ci comprend un bobinage inducteur à quatre enroulements formant deux groupes en parallèle chacun de deux enroulements en série. Un interrupteur électromagnétique à action différée est prévu pour permettre, dans une première phase, l'activation seulement de l'un des groupes d'enroulements et, dans une deuxième phase, l'activation des deux groupes d'enroulements.The patent application FR 2 881 479 describes a control device of a starter with an electric motor. This comprises an inductor winding with four windings forming two groups in parallel each of two windings in series. A deferred electromagnetic switch is provided to allow, in a first phase, the activation of only one of the groups of windings and, in a second phase, the activation of the two groups of windings.

Une autre solution comprenant un contacteur à deux positions est présentée dans EP 1 128 410 A2 .Another solution comprising a two-position contactor is presented in EP 1 128 410 A2 .

Par ailleurs des développements récents de moteur à combustion nécessitent des démarreurs pouvant produire un pic de couple élevé pour démarrer ce type de moteur. Cependant plus le pic de couple est élevé, plus le risque de fraisage entre un lanceur du démarreur et la couronne d'entraînement du moteur à combustion est élevé.Moreover, recent developments of combustion engine require starters that can produce a high peak torque to start this type of engine. However, the higher the peak torque, the greater the risk of milling between a starter starter and the drive ring of the combustion engine is high.

De plus, d'autres développements récents nécessitent des démarreurs capables de limiter une chute de tension sur un réseau de bord du véhicule lors du démarrage, ou du redémarrage, du moteur à combustion interne.In addition, other recent developments require starters capable of limiting a voltage drop on an onboard network of the vehicle during startup or restart of the internal combustion engine.

L'invention vise notamment à résoudre l'inconvénient précité de manière simple.
L'invention a ainsi pour objet un dispositif de démarrage pour moteur à combustion, comme décrit dans la revendication 1.The invention aims in particular to solve the aforementioned drawback in a simple manner.
The invention thus relates to a starting device for a combustion engine, as described in claim 1.

Grâce à l'invention, le contacteur présente un seul élément de contact électrique apte à fermer dans un premier temps le premier contact électrique puis dans un deuxième temps le deuxième contact électrique, ces contacts pouvant être aisément disposés, si on le souhaite, dans un capot du contacteur.Thanks to the invention, the contactor has a single electrical contact element capable of closing firstly the first electrical contact and secondly the second electrical contact, these contacts can be easily arranged, if desired, in a contactor cover.

En outre, la présence d'un seul élément de contact électrique qui pousse le premier contact électrique pour aller fermer le deuxième contact électrique permet d'augmenter la compacité du dispositif de démarrage.In addition, the presence of a single electrical contact element that pushes the first electrical contact to close the second electrical contact increases the compactness of the starting device.

Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le contacteur est agencé de manière à ce que, dans la première phase de pré-rotation, l'élément de contact électrique ferme le premier contact alors que le deuxième contact est ouvert, et par le fait que, dans la deuxième phase de plein régime, l'élément de contact électrique ferme le deuxième contact en plus du premier contact.According to an exemplary implementation of the invention, the contactor is arranged so that, in the first phase of pre-rotation, the electrical contact element closes the first contact while the second contact is open, and in that in the second phase of full speed, the electrical contact element closes the second contact in addition to the first contact.

Dans la première phase de pré-rotation, le couple développé par le moteur électrique est plus faible que celui développée dans la deuxième phase de plein régime.In the first phase of pre-rotation, the torque developed by the electric motor is lower than that developed in the second phase of full speed.

Eventuellement, à partir de l'enclenchement de la clé de contact du véhicule et avant la première phase de pré-rotation, le moteur électrique peut déjà être au moins en partie alimenté avec un courant électrique destiné à un enroulement d'appel du contacteur. Ceci peut, le cas échéant, résulter en une faible rotation du moteur électrique.Optionally, from the ignition of the ignition key of the vehicle and before the first phase of pre-rotation, the electric motor can already be at least partially supplied with an electric current for a contact winding of the contactor. This can, if necessary, result in a small rotation of the electric motor.

De préférence, le contacteur peut comporter un ensemble mobile agencé pour déplacer le lanceur par l'intermédiaire d'une fourchette pivotante, l'ensemble mobile comprenant avantageusement un noyau mobile et un élément d'actionnement monté déplaçable par rapport à ce noyau mobile à l'encontre de l'effort exercé par un élément de rappel élastique, notamment un ressort.Preferably, the contactor may comprise a mobile assembly arranged to move the launcher by means of a pivoting fork, the moving assembly advantageously comprising a movable core and an actuating element mounted movable relative to this movable core to the against the force exerted by an elastic return element, in particular a spring.

Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, l'élément de contact électrique peut être solidaire d'une tige de commande et le noyau mobile peut être agencé pour s'appliquer contre la tige de commande de manière à pouvoir pousser celle-ci pour provoquer la phase de pré-rotation et le passage de la phase de pré-rotation à la phase de pleine puissance.According to an exemplary implementation of the invention, the electrical contact element may be integral with a control rod and the movable core may be arranged to be applied against the control rod so as to be able to push it. to cause the pre-rotation phase and the transition from the pre-rotation phase to the full power phase.

Eventuellement, le contacteur peut comporter un ensemble mobile agencé pour déplacer le lanceur par l'intermédiaire d'une fourchette pivotante, l'ensemble mobile comprenant un élément d'actionnement agencé pour provoquer le passage de la phase de pré-rotation à la phase de pleine puissance.Optionally, the contactor may comprise a mobile assembly arranged to move the launcher by means of a pivoting fork, the movable assembly comprising an actuating element arranged to cause the transition from the pre-rotation phase to the phase of rotation. full power.

Le cas échéant, l'élément de contact électrique peut être solidaire d'une tige de commande et l'élément d'actionnement de l'ensemble mobile est agencé pour s'appliquer contre la tige de commande de manière à pouvoir pousser celle-ci pour provoquer le passage de la phase de pré-rotation à la phase de pleine puissance.If necessary, the electrical contact element may be integral with a control rod and the actuating element of the moving assembly is arranged to be applied against the control rod so as to push it to cause the transition from the pre-rotation phase to the full power phase.

De préférence, l'élément de contact électrique comporte une plaquette électriquement conductrice, notamment métallique.Preferably, the electrical contact element comprises an electrically conductive wafer, in particular a metallic wafer.

Cette plaquette peut avoir une forme circulaire.This wafer may have a circular shape.

Dans un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le deuxième contact peut comporter au moins une borne de contact électrique, notamment fixe.In an exemplary implementation of the invention, the second contact may comprise at least one electrical contact terminal, in particular fixed.

De préférence, le deuxième contact est formé par deux bornes, notamment orientées à 180° l'une de l'autre.Preferably, the second contact is formed by two terminals, in particular oriented 180 ° from each other.

Ces bornes fixes peuvent être configurées au moins partiellement dans un capot du contacteur.These fixed terminals can be configured at least partially in a contactor cover.

Dans un autre exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le premier contact peut comporter au moins une borne de contact électrique montée sur un support mobile, et le support mobile peut être agencé pour permettre à la borne de contact mobile d'être déplacée suivant l'axe longitudinal par l'élément de contact électrique entre les deux phases.In another example of implementation of the invention, the first contact may comprise at least one electrical contact terminal mounted on a mobile support, and the mobile support may be arranged to allow the mobile contact terminal to be moved. along the longitudinal axis by the electrical contact element between the two phases.

Le support mobile peut avantageusement comporter des moyens de rappel de la borne de contact mobile, notamment un ressort.The mobile support may advantageously comprise means for returning the mobile contact terminal, in particular a spring.

De préférence, le premier contact est formé par deux bornes, notamment orientées à 180° l'une de l'autre.Preferably, the first contact is formed by two terminals, in particular oriented 180 ° from each other.

Ces bornes fixes peuvent être configurées au moins partiellement dans un capot du contacteur.These fixed terminals can be configured at least partially in a contactor cover.

Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le dispositif peut comporter une première borne électrique reliée à une source de stockage d'énergie, notamment une batterie, une deuxième borne de puissance intermédiaire, une troisième borne électrique reliée à la source de stockage d'énergie, notamment la batterie, et une quatrième borne électrique de pleine puissance.According to an exemplary implementation of the invention, the device may comprise a first electrical terminal connected to a source of energy storage, in particular a battery, a second intermediate power terminal, a third electrical terminal connected to the source of power. energy storage, including the battery, and a fourth power terminal of full power.

Dans ce cas, dans la première phase de pré-rotation, l'élément de contact électrique peut venir en contact avec la première borne électrique et la deuxième borne de puissance intermédiaire, et, dans la deuxième phase de plein régime, l'élément de contact électrique peut en plus venir en contact avec la troisième borne électrique et avec la quatrième borne de pleine puissance.In this case, in the first pre-rotation phase, the electrical contact element can come into contact with the first electrical terminal and the second intermediate power terminal, and, in the second phase of full power, the electrical contact can additionally come into contact with the third electrical terminal and with the fourth terminal of full power.

Si on le souhaite, les quatre bornes peuvent être disposées sensiblement à 90° l'une de l'autre, notamment au moins partiellement dans un capot du contacteur.If desired, the four terminals can be arranged substantially at 90 ° to each other, in particular at least partially in a cover of the contactor.

Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le dispositif peut comporter un stator, ou inducteur, comportant un bobinage inducteur, ainsi qu'au moins une résistance de puissance agencée de manière à ce que, dans la première phase de pré-rotation, le bobinage inducteur puisse être alimenté électriquement à travers la résistance de puissance notamment de manière à limiter le pic de courant dans le moteur électrique, et, dans la deuxième phase de plein régime, le bobinage inducteur puisse être alimenté électriquement en court-circuitant la résistance de puissance.According to an exemplary implementation of the invention, the device may comprise a stator, or inductor, comprising an inductor winding, and at least one power resistor arranged so that, in the first phase of pre- rotation, the inductor winding can be electrically powered through the power resistor including to limit the peak current in the electric motor, and in the second phase at full speed, the inductor winding can be electrically powered by short-circuiting the power resistance.

La limitation du pic de courant dans le moteur électrique permet de limiter une chute de tension sur un réseau de bord du véhicule automobile.Limiting the current peak in the electric motor makes it possible to limit a voltage drop on an onboard network of the motor vehicle.

Ceci est particulièrement avantageux dans le cas d'un système arrêt/relance d'un moteur à combustion interne où le redémarrage de ce moteur peut être provoqué plusieurs fois sur une courte période.This is particularly advantageous in the case of a stop / restart system of an internal combustion engine where the restart of this engine can be caused several times over a short period.

La résistance de puissance peut être montée, notamment par sertissage, au moins partiellement dans un capot, notamment en plastique, du contacteur.The power resistance can be mounted, in particular by crimping, at least partially in a cover, in particular plastic, of the contactor.

De préférence, la résistance de puissance peut comporter un support métallique relié au moins au premier contact électrique.Preferably, the power resistance may comprise a metal support connected at least to the first electrical contact.

Ce support métallique peut être configurée dans un capot du contacteur, notamment sur un bord circulaire périphérique de ce capot.This metal support can be configured in a cover of the contactor, in particular on a circular peripheral edge of this cover.

Ce capot peut être en plastique, et le cas échéant, le support métallique peut être serti à chaud dans ce capot.This cover can be plastic, and if necessary, the metal support can be crimped hot in this cover.

En variante, la résistance peut être formée par une portion du bobinage inducteur.Alternatively, the resistance may be formed by a portion of the inductor coil.

Avantageusement, les première et troisième bornes de contact électrique peuvent être reliées à une première résistance de puissance, et les deuxième et quatrième bornes de contact électrique peuvent être reliées à une deuxième résistance de puissance.Advantageously, the first and third electrical contact terminals can be connected to a first power resistor, and the second and fourth electrical contact terminals can be connected to a second power resistor.

Les bornes de contact électrique peuvent comporter des cosses et des portions de connexion agencées pour définir des éléments de liaison avec les résistances.The electrical contact terminals may comprise lugs and connection portions arranged to define connecting elements with the resistors.

Selon un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le contacteur peut être agencé de manière à ce que le deuxième contact électrique soit dans un état ouvert tant que le pignon du lanceur est en position dent contre dent sur la couronne d'entraînement du moteur à combustion. Les deux contacts sont ouverts tant que le pignon n'est pas dans la couronne hors du cas dent contre dent. Dans le cas dent contre dent, l'enchainement est le suivant:

  • pas de contactélectrique le pignon avance,
  • dent contre dent, pas de contact éléctrique, le noyau mobile avance en écrasant le ressort 64,
  • le premier contact électrique se fait, le pignon tournant,
  • le noyau mobile continue d'avancer jusqu'au deuxième contact éléctrique, le pignon pouvant être dent contre dent ou non.
Le premier contact ne se fait qu'après une avancée du pignon correspondant à la positiond e la couronne.According to an exemplary implementation of the invention, the contactor may be arranged so that the second electrical contact is in an open state as long as the starter pinion is in tooth-to-tooth position on the driving ring of the combustion engine. The two contacts are open as long as the pinion is not in the crown out of the tooth against tooth case. In the tooth against tooth case, the sequence is as follows:
  • no electrical contact the pinion advances,
  • tooth against tooth, no electrical contact, the moving core advances by crushing the spring 64,
  • the first electrical contact is made, the pinion turning,
  • the movable core continues to advance to the second electrical contact, the pinion may be tooth against tooth or not.
The first contact is made only after an advance of the pinion corresponding to the positiond of the crown.

L'invention permet notamment de réduire le pic de couple tant que le lanceur est en position dent contre dent sur la couronne dentée, et ainsi de supprimer le risque de fraisage.The invention makes it possible in particular to reduce the torque peak as long as the launcher is in the tooth against tooth position on the ring gear, and thus to eliminate the risk of milling.

L'invention peut également permettre de supprimer des ré-ouvertures par retour du noyau mobile qui peuvent apparaître dans le cas d'une position dent contre dent au moment de la conjonction (cas dans lequel une chute de tension due au pic de courant du moteur électrique et une mise en court-circuit d'un enroulement d'appel de ce contacteur peuvent induire une insuffisance de force pour permettre le noyau mobile de venir au collage magnétique).The invention may also make it possible to eliminate re-openings by return of the movable core which may appear in the case of a tooth against tooth position at the time of the conjunction (in which case a voltage drop due to the peak current of the motor electrical and short-circuiting of a contact winding of this contactor can induce a lack of strength to allow the movable core to come to magnetic bonding).

Dans la première phase, le pic de courant est limité dans le moteur électrique, ce qui permet de réduire l'usure électrique de balais présents dans le moteur électrique. La limitation du pic de couple permet de réduire l'usure mécanique du pignon contre la couronne dentée.In the first phase, the peak current is limited in the electric motor, which reduces the electrical wear of brushes present in the electric motor. The limitation of the torque peak makes it possible to reduce the mechanical wear of the pinion against the ring gear.

Pour cela, le contacteur peut comporter des moyens pour ralentir le déplacement suivant l'axe longitudinal de l'élément de contact électrique entre les deux phases. Les moyens ralentisseurs ont pour but d'augmenter le temps entre deux pics de courant jusqu'à la fermeture du contact principal.For this, the contactor may comprise means for slowing the displacement along the longitudinal axis of the electrical contact element between the two phases. The purpose of the retarder means is to increase the time between two peaks of current until the closure of the main contact.

De préférence, les moyens ralentisseurs peuvent être agencés au moins partiellement dans un capot du contacteur, notamment dans une partie centrale du capot.Preferably, the retarder means may be arranged at least partially in a cover of the contactor, in particular in a central part of the cover.

Les moyens ralentisseurs peuvent si on le souhaite être formés grâce à au moins un vérin, notamment hydraulique ou pneumatique, ou, en variante ou en combinaison grâce à un système agissant pas frottement.The retarder means can, if desired, be formed by at least one cylinder, in particular hydraulic or pneumatic, or alternatively or in combination by a system acting without friction.

Les moyens ralentisseurs peuvent avantageusement être agencés de manière à ce que la tige de commande comportant l'élément de contact électrique puisse venir sensiblement en appui contre ces moyens ralentisseurs afin de freiner le déplacement de cette tige de commande et de l'élément de contact électrique.The retarder means can advantageously be arranged in such a way that the control rod comprising the electrical contact element can come to bear substantially against these retarder means in order to slow down the displacement of this control rod and of the electrical contact element. .

Ainsi, le passage de la phase de pré-rotation à la phase de pleine puissance n'est pas trop rapide, et il n'y a pas de risque que la phase de pleine puissance débute avant que le pignon ne soit complètement engrené avec la couronne du moteur à combustion.Thus, the transition from the pre-rotation phase to the full power phase is not too fast, and there is no risk that the full power phase begins before the pinion is fully meshed with the crown of the combustion engine.

Grâce au moyens ralentisseurs, il est possible de configurer les premier et deuxième contacts électriques à proximité l'un de l'autre, ce qui permet de réduire la compacité du dispositif.Thanks to the retarder means, it is possible to configure the first and second electrical contacts close to each other, which reduces the compactness of the device.

Dans un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention, le contacteur peut comporter un circuit électrique d'appel comprenant un bobinage électrique d'appel et un circuit électrique de maintien comprenant un bobinage électrique de maintien, le bobinage électrique d'appel pouvant être court-circuité, notamment lors du déplacement conjoint de l'élément de contact électrique et du premier contact électrique entre les deux phases.In an exemplary implementation of the invention, the contactor may comprise an electrical circuit comprising a calling electrical winding and an electrical holding circuit comprising a holding electrical winding, the electric winding being able to be short circuit, especially during the joint movement of the electrical contact element and the first electrical contact between the two phases.

Si on le souhaite, le circuit électrique d'appel peut comporter des moyens d'ouverture et de fermeture de ce circuit, notamment configurés dans un capot du contacteur.If desired, the electric circuit can include call opening and closing means of this circuit, in particular configured in a cover of the contactor.

De préférence, les moyens d'ouverture et de fermeture du circuit peuvent être configurés dans le prolongement axial d'une borne de contact électrique formant le premier contact électrique.Preferably, the opening and closing means of the circuit may be configured in the axial extension of an electrical contact terminal forming the first electrical contact.

Le cas échéant, le déplacement axial de cette borne de contact électrique peut provoquer l'ouverture du circuit électrique d'appel.If necessary, the axial displacement of this electrical contact terminal may cause the opening of the electrical circuit call.

Pour cela, le support mobile de la borne de contact électrique peut être agencé pour ouvrir un contact électrique du circuit électrique d'appel.For this, the movable support of the electrical contact terminal can be arranged to open an electrical contact of the electrical circuit call.

Les moyens d'ouverture du circuit électrique d'appel peuvent être activés avant la fermeture du deuxième contact électrique, ou avantageusement en même temps, ou de manière encore plus avantageuse après la fermeture du deuxième contact électrique.The means for opening the electrical circuit can be activated before the closing of the second electrical contact, or advantageously at the same time, or even more advantageously after the closing of the second electrical contact.

Plus particulièrement, les moyens d'ouverture du circuit électrique d'appel peuvent être activés en fin de course des moyens ralentisseurs.More particularly, the means for opening the electric circuit can be activated at the end of the stroke of the retarder means.

L'invention a également pour objet une machine électrique tournante, notamment un démarreur ou un alternateur réversible de véhicule automobile, pouvant comporter un dispositif tel que décrit précédemment.The invention also relates to a rotating electrical machine, including a starter or a reversible alternator of a motor vehicle, which may comprise a device as described above.

L'invention a encore pour objet un procédé pour démarrer un moteur à combustion selon la revendication 13. Dans un exemple de mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention, le dispositif peut comprendre un circuit électrique d'appel comprenant un bobinage électrique d'appel et un circuit électrique de maintien comprenant un bobinage électrique de maintien, et le procédé peut comporter l'étape intermédiaire suivante:

  • lors du passage de la première phase à la deuxième phase, ouvrir le circuit électrique d'appel.
The invention also relates to a method for starting a combustion engine according to claim 13. In an exemplary implementation of the method according to the invention, the device may comprise an electrical circuit comprising an electric winding call and a holding electrical circuit comprising a holding electrical winding, and the method may comprise the following intermediate step:
  • when moving from the first phase to the second phase, open the electrical circuit.

L'invention a aussi pour objet un contacteur électromagnétique pour dispositif de démarrage d'un moteur à combustion selon la revendication 15.The invention also relates to an electromagnetic contactor for a starting device of a combustion engine according to claim 15.

L'invention pourra être mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre, d'exemples de mise en oeuvre non limitatifs de l'invention, et à l'examen du dessin annexé, sur lequel :

  • la figure 1 représente, schématiquement et partiellement, un dispositif de démarrage conforme à un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente, schématiquement et partiellement, l'alimentation d'un moteur électrique du dispositif de démarrage de la figure 1,
  • la figure 3 représente, schématiquement et partiellement, en coupe axiale, un contacteur du dispositif de démarrage conforme à un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention,
  • la figure 4 illustre, schématiquement et partiellement, en coupe axiale, le contacteur de la figure 2 tourné angulairement de 90° autour de l'axe X, et
  • les figures 5 à 7 représentent, schématiquement et partiellement, en perspective, des détails du contacteur de la figure 2 dans trois états partiellement assemblés,
  • la figure 8 représente la courbe de tension du démarreur.
The invention can be better understood on reading the following detailed description, non-limiting examples of implementation of the invention, and on examining the appended drawing, in which:
  • the figure 1 represents, schematically and partially, a starting device according to an exemplary implementation of the invention,
  • the figure 2 represents, schematically and partially, the power supply of an electric motor of the starting device of the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 3 represents, schematically and partially, in axial section, a contactor of the starting device according to an exemplary implementation of the invention,
  • the figure 4 illustrates, schematically and partially, in axial section, the contactor of the figure 2 angularly rotated 90 ° around the X axis, and
  • the Figures 5 to 7 represent, schematically and partially, in perspective, details of the contactor of the figure 2 in three partially assembled states,
  • the figure 8 represents the voltage curve of the starter.

On a représenté sur la figure 1 un dispositif de démarrage 1 pour moteur à combustion interne de véhicule automobile.We have shown on the figure 1 a starting device 1 for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.

Ce dispositif 1 comprend, d'une part, un rotor 2, encore appelé induit, pouvant tourner autour d'un axe X, et d'autre part, un stator 3, encore appelé inducteur, autour du rotor 2.This device 1 comprises, firstly, a rotor 2, also called armature, rotatable about an axis X, and secondly, a stator 3, also called inductor, around the rotor 2.

Ce stator 3 comporte une culasse sur laquelle sont fixées une ou plusieurs pièces polaires 4 pour la mise en place d'un bobinage inducteur 5.This stator 3 comprises a yoke on which are fixed one or more pole pieces 4 for the introduction of an inductor coil 5.

Le rotor 2 comporte un corps de rotor 7, et un bobinage d'induit 8 enroulé dans des encoches du corps de rotor 7.The rotor 2 comprises a rotor body 7, and an armature winding 8 wound in notches of the rotor body 7.

Ce bobinage d'induit 8 forme, de part et d'autre du corps de rotor 7, un chignon avant 9 et un chignon arrière 10.This armature winding 8 forms, on either side of the rotor body 7, a front bun 9 and a rear bun 10.

Le rotor 2 est pourvu, à l'arrière, d'un collecteur 12 comprenant une pluralité de pièces de contact connectées électriquement aux éléments conducteurs, formés dans l'exemple considéré par des fils, du bobinage d'induit 8.The rotor 2 is provided, at the rear, with a collector 12 comprising a plurality of contact pieces electrically connected to the conductive elements, formed in the example in question by wires, of the armature winding 8.

Un groupe de balais 13 et 14 est prévu pour l'alimentation électrique du bobinage d'induit 8, l'un des balais 13 étant relié à la masse du dispositif 1 et un autre des balais 14 étant relié via un élément de liaison électrique à une borne 28 d'un contacteur 17. Les balais sont par exemple au nombre de quatre.A group of brushes 13 and 14 is provided for the power supply of the armature winding 8, one of the brushes 13 being connected to the ground of the device 1 and another of the brushes 14 being connected via an electrical connection element to a terminal 28 of a switch 17. The brushes are for example four in number.

Les balais 13 et 14 viennent frotter sur le collecteur 12 lorsque le rotor 2 est en rotation.The brushes 13 and 14 rub on the collector 12 when the rotor 2 is rotating.

Le dispositif de démarrage 1 comporte en outre un lanceur 19 monté de manière coulissante sur un arbre d'entraînement 18 et pouvant être entraîné en rotation autour de l'axe X par le rotor 2.The starting device 1 further comprises a launcher 19 slidably mounted on a drive shaft 18 and drivable in rotation about the X axis by the rotor 2.

Un ensemble réducteur de vitesses 20 peut être interposé entre le rotor 2 et l'arbre d'entraînement 18, de manière connue en soi.A gear reduction unit 20 may be interposed between the rotor 2 and the drive shaft 18, in a manner known per se.

Le lanceur 19 comporte un élément d'entraînement formé par un pignon 21 et destiné à s'engager sur un organe d'entraînement 33 du moteur à combustion. Cet organe d'entraînement est par exemple une couronne dentée.The launcher 19 comprises a driving element formed by a pinion 21 and intended to engage on a drive member 33 of the combustion engine. This drive member is for example a ring gear.

Le lanceur 19 comprend en outre une roue libre 22 et une rondelle poulie 23 définissant entre elles une gorge 24 pour recevoir l'extrémité 25 d'une fourchette 27.The launcher 19 further comprises a freewheel 22 and a pulley washer 23 defining between them a groove 24 for receiving the end 25 of a fork 27.

Cette fourchette 27 est réalisée par exemple par moulage d'une matière plastique.This fork 27 is made for example by molding a plastic material.

La fourchette 27 est actionnée par le contacteur 17 pour déplacer le lanceur 19 par rapport à l'arbre d'entraînement 18, suivant l'axe X, entre une première position dans laquelle le lanceur 19 est désengagé de la couronne dentée 33, et une deuxième position dans laquelle le lanceur 19 entraîne le moteur à combustion par l'intermédiaire du pignon 21.The fork 27 is actuated by the switch 17 to move the launcher 19 relative to the drive shaft 18, along the X axis, between a first position in which the launcher 19 is disengaged from the ring gear 33, and a second position in which the launcher 19 drives the combustion engine via the pinion 21.

Le contacteur 17 comprend une borne 29 reliée via un élément de liaison électrique, notamment un fil 30, à une alimentation électrique du véhicule, notamment une batterie 26.The contactor 17 comprises a terminal 29 connected via an electrical connection element, in particular a wire 30, to a power supply of the vehicle, in particular a battery 26.

On va maintenant décrire plus en détail le contacteur 17 en référence aux figures 2 à 7.We will now describe in more detail the contactor 17 with reference to Figures 2 to 7 .

Comme visible à la figure 2, le contacteur 17 comporte deux interrupteurs 45 et 46 formant des premier et deuxième contacts électriques.As visible at figure 2 , the switch 17 comprises two switches 45 and 46 forming first and second electrical contacts.

Le premier interrupteur 45 est monté en série avec deux résistances 50 entre la batterie 26 et le bobinage inducteur 5 du moteur électrique.The first switch 45 is connected in series with two resistors 50 between the battery 26 and the inductor coil 5 of the electric motor.

Le bobinage inducteur 5 peut donc être mis en série avec deux résistances de puissance 50.The inductor winding 5 can therefore be put in series with two power resistors 50.

L'interrupteur 45 est placé entre la borne positive 29 du contacteur 17 reliée à la batterie 26 et une borne de puissance intermédiaire 52 reliée, dans le cas présent, aux résistances de puissance 50.The switch 45 is placed between the positive terminal 29 of the contactor 17 connected to the battery 26 and an intermediate power terminal 52 connected, in this case, to the power resistors 50.

L'interrupteur 46 est placé, en parallèle avec l'interrupteur 45, entre la borne 29 reliée à la batterie 26 et une borne électrique de plein régime 54 pour pouvoir, dans le cas présent, court-circuiter les résistances de puissance 50.The switch 46 is placed, in parallel with the switch 45, between the terminal 29 connected to the battery 26 and a full power terminal 54 to be able, in this case, to bypass the power resistors 50.

Les résistances de puissance 50 sont disposées entre les bornes de puissance intermédiaire 52 et de plein régime 54.The power resistors 50 are arranged between the intermediate power terminals 52 and full power 54.

Le contacteur 17 est agencé de manière à ce que, dans une phase de pré-rotation, l'interrupteur 45 soit fermé et celui 46 soit ouvert afin de permettre l'alimentation électrique par la batterie 26 du bobinage inducteur 5, à travers les résistances de puissance 50 de manière à réduire le pic de couple.The contactor 17 is arranged so that, in a pre-rotation phase, the switch 45 is closed and the switch 46 is open in order to allow the electrical supply by the battery 26 of the induction coil 5, through the resistors of power 50 so as to reduce the peak torque.

L'invention permet de réduire le pic de couple tant que le lanceur 19 est en position dent contre dent sur la couronne dentée 33, et ainsi de supprimer le risque de fraisage.The invention makes it possible to reduce the torque peak as long as the launcher 19 is in the tooth against tooth position on the ring gear 33, and thus to eliminate the risk of milling.

En particulier, par rapport à un démarreur fonctionnant avec un seul contact de puissance, le pic de courant peut être divisé par un facteur compris entre 1 et 3, notamment par un facteur 2 environ.In particular, with respect to a starter operating with a single power contact, the peak current can be divided by a factor of between 1 and 3, in particular by a factor of about 2.

Lorsque le lanceur 19 est engagé dans la couronne dentée 33 dans une deuxième phase de plein régime, encore phase de pleine puissance, au-delà de la position dent contre dent, le contacteur 17 commande l'alimentation électrique du bobinage inducteur 5 pour provoquer le démarrage du moteur à combustion.When the launcher 19 is engaged in the ring gear 33 in a second phase of full speed, still full power phase, beyond the position tooth against tooth, the switch 17 controls the power supply of the inductor coil 5 to cause the start of the combustion engine.

Dans cette deuxième phase de plein régime, les deux interrupteurs 45 et 46 sont fermés et les résistances de puissance 50 sont court-circuitées, ce qui permet d'alimenter le bobinage inducteur 5 en pleine puissance.In this second phase of full speed, the two switches 45 and 46 are closed and the power resistors 50 are short-circuited, which allows to supply the inductor coil 5 at full power.

Comme visible aux figures 2 et 3, le contacteur 17 comprend un élément de contact 58 et des bornes de contact électrique 51 à 54 destinés à définir respectivement les premier et deuxième interrupteurs 45 et 46.As visible to figures 2 and 3 the contactor 17 comprises a contact element 58 and electrical contact terminals 51 to 54 for respectively defining the first and second switches 45 and 46.

Comme visible également à la figure 3, le contacteur 17 comporte en outre un ensemble mobile 60 agencé pour déplacer le lanceur 19 par l'intermédiaire de la fourchette pivotante 27, l'ensemble mobile 60 comprenant un élément d'actionnement 61.As visible also in the figure 3 , the switch 17 further comprises a movable assembly 60 arranged to move the launcher 19 via the pivoting fork 27, the moving assembly 60 comprising an actuating element 61.

L'élément d'actionnement 61 est pourvu d'une tige 62 fixée à une extrémité à la fourchette 27 et présentant à son extrémité opposée une tête 63.The actuating element 61 is provided with a rod 62 fixed at one end to the fork 27 and having at its opposite end a head 63.

L'ensemble mobile 60 du contacteur 17 comporte un noyau mobile 65, l'élément d'actionnement 61 étant monté dedans, déplaçable par rapport à ce noyau mobile 65 à l'encontre de l'effort exercé par un ressort 64 à spires.The movable assembly 60 of the contactor 17 comprises a movable core 65, the actuating element 61 being mounted therein, displaceable with respect to this movable core 65 against the force exerted by a spring 64 with turns.

Ce ressort 64 est monté autour de la tige 62 de l'élément d'actionnement 61 et s'applique à une extrémité contre la tête 63 de celui-ci.This spring 64 is mounted around the rod 62 of the actuating element 61 and is applied at one end against the head 63 thereof.

Le noyau mobile 65 est déplaçable dans le contacteur 17 par l'action d'un champ magnétique généré par une bobine 41 du contacteur 17.The mobile core 65 is movable in the contactor 17 by the action of a magnetic field generated by a coil 41 of the contactor 17.

Cette bobine 41 comporte deux bobinages d'excitation, aussi appelés bobinage d'appel et de maintien, formés respectivement par un enroulement d'appel 42 et un enroulement de maintien 43, comme illustré schématiquement à la figure 2.This coil 41 comprises two excitation windings, also called call and hold windings, respectively formed by a call winding 42 and a holding winding 43, as illustrated schematically in FIG. figure 2 .

En variante, la bobine peut comporter un seul enroulement.Alternatively, the coil may comprise a single winding.

Les enroulements d'appel et de maintient 42 et 43 permettent de générer, lorsqu'il sont chacun parcourus par un courant, une force magnétique faisant déplacer le noyau mobile 65 dans une direction axiale X, tandis que l'enroulement de maintien 43, lorsqu'il est seul parcouru par un courant, permet de générer une force magnétique maintenant le noyau mobile 65 en position après le déplacement précité.The call and hold windings 42 and 43 make it possible to generate, when each is traversed by a current, a magnetic force displacing the moving core 65 in an axial direction X, while the holding winding 43, when it is only traversed by a current, can generate a magnetic force holding the movable core 65 in position after the aforementioned displacement.

L'élément de contact électrique 58 est porté solidairement par une tige de commande 68, par exemple en matière plastique, et le noyau mobile 65 est agencé pour s'appliquer contre la tige de commande 68 de manière à pouvoir pousser celle-ci pour provoquer la fermeture du premier interrupteur 45 et pour provoquer en plus la fermeture du deuxième interrupteur 46 lorsqu'un utilisateur du véhicule automobile enclenche et tourne la clé de contact 100, comme visible aux figures 2 et 3.The electrical contact element 58 is supported integrally by a control rod 68, for example made of plastic material, and the movable core 65 is arranged to be applied against the control rod 68 so as to be able to pushing it to cause the closing of the first switch 45 and to further cause the closing of the second switch 46 when a user of the motor vehicle engages and turns the ignition key 100, as visible at figures 2 and 3 .

Comme illustré également à la figure 3, le contacteur 17 comporte en outre un noyau fixe 72 interposé entre le l'élément de contact 58 et le noyau mobile 65, un ressort à spires 73, encore dit ressort de rappel, permettant, au moins lorsque le contacteur est au repos, d'appliquer l'élément de contact électrique 58 contre le noyau fixe 72 du contacteur 17.As illustrated also in figure 3 , the switch 17 further comprises a fixed core 72 interposed between the contact element 58 and the movable core 65, a coil spring 73, also called a return spring, allowing, at least when the contactor is at rest, apply the electrical contact element 58 against the fixed core 72 of the contactor 17.

Le ressort 73 est disposé dans un capot en plastique 80 du contacteur 17.The spring 73 is disposed in a plastic cover 80 of the contactor 17.

Ce ressort 73 est en outre porté par un moyen ralentisseur 90 agencé pour freiner le déplacement de l'élément de contact électrique 58 grâce au ralentissement du déplacement de la tige de commande 68.This spring 73 is further carried by a retarder means 90 arranged to slow the displacement of the electrical contact element 58 by slowing the displacement of the control rod 68.

Le moyen ralentisseur 90 peut par exemple utiliser un système de vérin, par exemple hydraulique ou pneumatique, et être inséré partiellement dans une cavité 81 réalisée dans une partie centrale du capot 80.The retarder means 90 may for example use a cylinder system, for example hydraulic or pneumatic, and be partially inserted into a cavity 81 made in a central part of the cover 80.

Ce moyen ralentisseur 90 présente une forme étagée permettant de recevoir le ressort 73.This retarder means 90 has a stepped shape for receiving the spring 73.

Le moyen ralentisseur 90 s'étend longitudinalement suivant l'axe X de part et d'autre d'un fond 82 du capot 80, c'est-à-dire à la fois à l'extérieur du capot 80 et dans un espace intérieur 83 de ce capot 80.The retarder means 90 extends longitudinally along the X axis on either side of a bottom 82 of the cover 80, that is to say both outside the cover 80 and in an interior space 83 of this hood 80.

La tige de commande 68 portant l'élément de contact 58 est capable, lors de son déplacement entre les deux phases, de venir en appui contre une extrémité du moyen ralentisseur 90 se trouvant dans l'espace intérieur 83 du capot 80.The control rod 68 carrying the contact element 58 is able, when moving between the two phases, to bear against one end of the retarder means 90 located in the interior space 83 of the cover 80.

Dans l'exemple considéré, la tige de commande 68 présente une extrémité en contact sensiblement permanent avec l'extrémité précitée du moyen ralentisseur 90.In the example considered, the control rod 68 has an end in substantially permanent contact with the aforementioned end of the retarder means 90.

Dans un état fermé du premier interrupteur 45, l'élément de contact 58 s'applique contre des bornes 51 et 52 visibles à la figure 3.In a closed state of the first switch 45, the contact element 58 is applied against terminals 51 and 52 visible to the figure 3 .

Dans un état fermé du deuxième interrupteur, l'élément de contact 58 s'applique contre des bornes 53 et 54 visibles à la figure 4, en plus des bornes 51 et 52 visibles à la figure 3.In a closed state of the second switch, the contact element 58 is applied against terminals 53 and 54 visible to the figure 4 , in addition to terminals 51 and 52 visible to the figure 3 .

Le contacteur 17 est agencé de manière à ce que le deuxième interrupteur 46 soit dans l'état ouvert tant que le lanceur 19 est en position dent contre dent sur la couronne d'entraînement 33 du moteur à combustion.The switch 17 is arranged so that the second switch 46 is in the open state as the launcher 19 is in position tooth against tooth on the drive ring 33 of the combustion engine.

Les bornes de contact 51 à 54 sont disposés dans le capot en plastique 80 du contacteur 17, comme illustré sur les figures 3 et 4.The contact terminals 51 to 54 are arranged in the plastic cover 80 of the contactor 17, as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 3 and 4 .

Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 3, chaque borne 51 et 52 est montée sur un support mobile 92 inséré dans une cavité 84 du capot 80.In the example shown in figure 3 each terminal 51 and 52 is mounted on a mobile support 92 inserted in a cavity 84 of the cover 80.

Le support mobile 92 est agencé pour permettre à chaque borne 51 et 52 d'être mobile suivant l'axe X, c'est-à-dire qu'il est déplaçable par rapport au capot 80 à l'encontre de l'effort exercé par un ressort 93 à spires.The mobile support 92 is arranged to allow each terminal 51 and 52 to be movable along the axis X, that is to say that it is movable relative to the cover 80 against the force exerted by a spring 93 with turns.

Ce ressort 93 est monté autour d'un axe 94 disposé à l'intérieur du support mobile 92 s'applique à une extrémité contre celui-ci.This spring 93 is mounted around an axis 94 disposed within the movable support 92 is applied at one end against it.

Ainsi, dès la première phase de pré-rotation, l'élément de contact 68 vient en contact avec les bornes 51 et 52 en étant freiné par le moyen ralentisseur 90, puis, entre les deux phases, continue sa course en poussant les bornes 51 et 52 en étant toujours freiné par le moyen ralentisseur 90, jusqu'à ce que cet élément de contact 58 vienne également en contact lors de la deuxième phase avec les bornes 53 et 54, qui sont fixes dans le capot 80.Thus, from the first pre-rotation phase, the contact element 68 comes into contact with the terminals 51 and 52 by being braked by the retarder means 90, then, between the two phases, continues its travel by pushing the terminals 51 and 52 being always braked by the retarder means 90, until this contact element 58 also comes into contact during the second phase with the terminals 53 and 54, which are fixed in the cover 80.

Comme visible aux figures 5 à 7, chacune des bornes 51 et 52 présente une cosse plate 56 qui se prolonge grâce à une portion de connexion 57 raccordée à une extrémité d'une des deux résistances 50.As visible to Figures 5 to 7 each of the terminals 51 and 52 has a flat lug 56 which is extended by a connection portion 57 connected to one end of one of the two resistors 50.

Chaque résistance 50 est formée d'un support cylindrique métallique disposé contre un rebord périphérique 85 de forme cylindrique du capot 80.Each resistor 50 is formed of a metal cylindrical support disposed against a peripheral rim 85 of cylindrical shape of the cover 80.

Ce support métallique cylindrique peut être serti à chaud avec le capot en plastique 80.This cylindrical metal support can be heat set with the plastic cover 80.

La borne 51 est connectée à une première résistance 50, elle-même connectée à la borne 53, et la borne 52 est connectée à une deuxième résistance 50, elle-même connectée à la borne 54.The terminal 51 is connected to a first resistor 50, itself connected to the terminal 53, and the terminal 52 is connected to a second resistor 50, itself connected to the terminal 54.

Dans l'exemple considéré, l'élément de contact électrique 58 comporte une plaquette circulaire électriquement conductrice, ce qui permet à cette plaquette circulaire de s'appuyer simultanément sur les bornes 51 et 53 pour fermer le premier interrupteur 45, et simultanément sur les bornes 52 et 54 pour fermer le premier interrupteur 46.In the example considered, the electrical contact element 58 comprises an electrically conductive circular wafer, which allows this circular wafer to bear simultaneously on the terminals 51 and 53 to close the first switch 45, and simultaneously on the terminals 52 and 54 to close the first switch 46.

En outre, les bornes 51 à 54 sont respectivement disposées à 90° l'une de l'autre sur le fond capot 80, ce qui permet d'assurer le contact entre la plaquette circulaire 58 et les quatre bornes 51 à 54 lors de la fermeture du deuxième interrupteur 46.In addition, the terminals 51 to 54 are respectively arranged at 90 ° to each other on the cover bottom 80, which makes it possible to ensure contact between the circular plate 58 and the four terminals 51 to 54 during the closing the second switch 46.

Comme visible à la figure 2, l'enroulement d'appel 42 de la bobine 41 du contacteur 17 n'est court-circuité qu'une fois les premier et deuxième interrupteurs 45 et 46 fermés notamment afin d'assurer l'absence de réouverture par recul du noyau mobile 65.As visible at figure 2 , the call winding 42 of the coil 41 of the contactor 17 is short-circuited once the first and second switches 45 and 46 closed in particular to ensure the absence of reopening by recoil of the mobile core 65 .

Pour cela, le contacteur 17 comporte des moyens 95 permettant l'ouverture d'un troisième interrupteur 47, ces moyens 95 étant disposés dans une cavité 86 du capot 80 réalisée dans le prolongement axial de la borne de contact 51, comme visible à la figure 2.For this, the contactor 17 comprises means 95 enabling the opening of a third switch 47, these means 95 being arranged in a cavity 86 of the cover 80 made in the axial extension of the contact terminal 51, as visible in FIG. figure 2 .

Le déplacement suivant l'axe X de la borne 51 lorsqu'elle est poussée par la plaquette 68 provoque l'ouverture de l'interrupteur 47, et ainsi le court-circuit de l'enroulement d'appel 42.The displacement along the X axis of the terminal 51 when pushed by the wafer 68 causes the opening of the switch 47, and thus the short circuit of the call winding 42.

L'ouverture de l'interrupteur 47 est réalisée au moment où la plaquette 58 entre en contact avec les bornes 53 et 54 provoquant la phase de plein régime.The opening of the switch 47 is performed at the moment when the wafer 58 comes into contact with the terminals 53 and 54 causing the phase of full speed.

En variante, l'ouverture du troisième interrupteur peut être réalisée lorsque le moyen ralentisseur arrive en fin de course.Alternatively, the opening of the third switch can be performed when the retarder means reaches the end of the race.

On va maintenant décrire plus en détail le fonctionnement du contacteur 17.We will now describe in more detail the operation of the contactor 17.

Phase de reposRest phase

La plaquette 58 est sensiblement contre le noyau fixe 72, correspondant à l'état ouvert des interrupteurs 45 et 46.The wafer 58 is substantially against the fixed core 72, corresponding to the open state of the switches 45 and 46.

Phase de rattrapage des jeuxGames catch-up phase

L'ensemble mobile 60 recule légèrement vers le noyau fixe 72 sous l'effet du champ magnétique exercé par les bobines du contacteur 17.The moving assembly 60 moves back slightly towards the fixed core 72 under the effect of the magnetic field exerted by the coils of the contactor 17.

La fourchette 27 vient s'appliquer contre la roue libre 22.The fork 27 is applied against the freewheel 22.

Position Dent contre dentPosition Dent against tooth

Le pignon 21 du lanceur 19 vient en appui dent contre dent sur la couronne dentée 33.The pinion 21 of the launcher 19 bears against tooth against tooth on the ring gear 33.

Phase de fermeture du premier interrupteur 45Closing phase of the first switch 45

Le pignon 21 du lanceur 19 reste en position dent contre dent sur la couronne dentée 33.The gear 21 of the launcher 19 remains in the tooth against tooth position on the ring gear 33.

Le noyau mobile 65 recule contre la tige de commande 68 portant la plaquette 58, laquelle tige 68 est déplacée en arrière en étant freinée par le moyen ralentisseur 90. Ce déplacement en arrière provoque la fermeture du premier interrupteur 45 grâce à la plaquette 58 qui vient en appui sur les bornes 51 et 52.The movable core 65 moves back against the control rod 68 carrying the plate 58, which rod 68 is moved backwards by being braked by the retarder means 90. This rearward movement causes the first switch 45 to close thanks to the plate 58 which comes resting on terminals 51 and 52.

Le deuxième interrupteur 46 est toujours ouvert.The second switch 46 is always open.

Position de collage magnétiqueMagnetic bonding position

Le pignon 21 du lanceur 19 reste en position dent contre dent avec la couronne dentée 33.The gear 21 of the launcher 19 remains in the tooth against tooth position with the ring gear 33.

Le noyau mobile continue à reculer et à pousser la tige de commande 68, toujours freinée par le moyen ralentisseur 90.The movable core continues to move back and push the control rod 68, still braked by the retarder 90.

En reculant, la tige de commande 68 pousse la plaquette 58 ainsi que les bornes 51 et 52.In retreating, the control rod 68 pushes the plate 58 as well as the terminals 51 and 52.

Phase de fermeture du deuxième interrupteurClosing phase of the second switch

Le pignon 21 du lanceur 19 s'engage dans la couronne dentée 33 et l'élément d'actionnement 61 recule par rapport au noyau mobile 65.The pinion 21 of the launcher 19 engages in the ring gear 33 and the actuating element 61 moves back relative to the movable core 65.

Le noyau mobile continue à reculer et à pousser la tige de commande 68, toujours freinée par le moyen ralentisseur 90.The movable core continues to move back and push the control rod 68, still braked by the retarder 90.

En reculant, la tige de commande 68 pousse la plaquette 58 ainsi que les bornes 51 et 52 jusqu'à ce que la plaquette 58 vienne en appui sur les bornes 53 et 54.In retreating, the control rod 68 pushes the wafer 58 and the terminals 51 and 52 until the wafer 58 bears on the terminals 53 and 54.

Le deuxième interrupteur 46 est alors fermé.The second switch 46 is then closed.

Position de fin de courseEnd of race position

L'élément d'actionnement 61 et la tige de commande 68 reculent jusqu'à une position de fin de course, correspondant à la fin de course du moyen ralentisseur 90.The actuating element 61 and the control rod 68 move back to an end position corresponding to the end of travel of the retarder means 90.

Le ressort 73 est davantage comprimé.The spring 73 is further compressed.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de mise en oeuvre qui viennent d'être décrits.Of course, the invention is not limited to the implementation examples which have just been described.

Par exemple, le dispositif peut ne pas comporter de moyens d'ouverture et de fermeture du circuit d'appel.For example, the device may not include means for opening and closing the call circuit.

La figure 8 montre la chute de tension d'un contacteur classique C1 et la chute de tension d'un contacteur selon l'invention C2, le cahier des charge du client est maintenant d'avoir une tension suprérieure à L. Sur un démarreur classique il y a une chute de tension d0 importante au démarrage. Dans l'invention on choisit une résistance 51, 52 telle que la chute de tension d1 reste supérieure à L. L'amortisseur 90 est choisi pour que le deuxième contact ou contact principal 53, 54 se ferme avec un retard Δt par rapport au premier conatct 51, 52. Ce retard Δt est défini pour que les deux premières chute de tension d1 et d2 successives soit de même niveau.The figure 8 shows the voltage drop of a conventional contactor C1 and the voltage drop of a contactor according to the invention C2, the specifications of the The customer is now having a higher voltage than L. On a conventional starter there is a significant drop in voltage at startup. In the invention, a resistor 51, 52 is chosen such that the voltage drop d1 remains greater than L. The damper 90 is chosen so that the second contact or main contact 53, 54 closes with a delay Δt with respect to the first conatct 51, 52. This delay Δt is defined so that the first two successive voltage drop d1 and d2 is of the same level.

Claims (15)

  1. Starter device (1) for an internal combustion engine, notably of a motor vehicle, comprising:
    - a kick starter (19) arranged to start the internal combustion engine, notably via a crown ring (33),
    - an electric motor arranged to rotationally drive the kick starter (19),
    - a contactor (17) having a longitudinal axis (X) and comprising:
    • a mobile first electrical contact (45),
    • a second electrical contact (46),
    • a mobile electrical contact element (58), the electrical contact element (58) is arranged to control the electrical power supply of the electric motor making it possible for the latter to operate successively in a first pre-rotation phase in which the electrical contact element (58) closes the mobile first electrical contact (45), and a second, full-speed phase in which the electrical contact element (58) closes the second electrical contact (46),
    in which the contact element (58) and the first electrical contact (45) can move together along the longitudinal axis (X) between the two phases,
    characterized in that it comprises a mobile first electrical terminal (51) linked to an energy storage source (26), notably a battery, a mobile intermediate second power terminal (52), a third electrical terminal (53) linked to the energy storage source (26), notably the battery, and a fourth full-power electrical terminal (54), and in that, in the first pre-rotation phase, the electrical contact element (58) closes the mobile first electrical contact (45) by coming into contact with the first electrical terminal (51) and the intermediate second power terminal (52), and in that, in the second full speed phase, the electrical contact element (58) closes the second electrical contact (46), by also coming into contact with the third electrical terminal (53) and with the fourth full-power terminal (54).
  2. Device (1) according to Claim 1, in which the four terminals (51, 52, 53, 54) are arranged substantially at 90 ° to one another, notably at least partially in a cap (80) of the contactor (17).
  3. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical contact element (58) comprises a plate, notably circular.
  4. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second contact (46) comprises at least one electrical contact terminal (53, 54), notably fixed.
  5. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the first or the second electrical contact terminal (51, 52) is mounted on a mobile support (92), and in that the support (92) is arranged to allow the mobile contact terminal (51, 52) to be moved along the longitudinal axis (X) by the electrical contact element (58) between the two phases.
  6. Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the mobile support (92) comprises return means (93) for the mobile contact terminal, notably a spring.
  7. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a stator (3), or field winding, comprising a dynamo field coil (5), characterized in that the device (1) comprises at least one power resistor (50) arranged in such a way that, in the first pre-rotation phase, the dynamo field coil (5) is powered electrically through the power resistor (50) notably so as to limit the current peak in the electric motor, and in that, in the second, full-speed phase, the dynamo field coil (5) is powered electrically by short-circuiting the power resistor (50) and in which the power resistor (50) is mounted, notably by crimping, at least partially in a cap (80), notably made of plastic, of the contactor (17).
  8. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contactor (17) is arranged in such a way that the second electrical contact (46) is in an open state as long as the pinion (21) of the kick starter (17) is in tooth-to-tooth position on the driving crown ring (33) of the internal combustion engine.
  9. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means (90) for slowing the movement along the longitudinal axis (X) of the electrical contact element (58) between the two phases.
  10. Device (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the slowing means (90) are arranged at least partially in a cap (80) of the contactor (17).
  11. Device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the contactor (17) comprises an inrush electrical circuit comprising an inrush electrical winding and a holding electrical circuit comprising a holding electrical winding, the inrush electrical winding being able to be shortcircuited, notably upon the combined movement of the electrical contact element (58) and of the first electrical contact (45) between the two phases and in which the inrush electrical circuit comprises means (95) for opening and closing this circuit, notably configured in a cap (80) of the contactor (17).
  12. Rotating electrical machine, notably a starter or a reversible alternator of a motor vehicle, comprising a device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.
  13. Method for starting an internal combustion engine, notably of a motor vehicle, using a starter device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, provided with an electric motor whose electrical power supply is controlled by the electrical contact element (58) suitable for closing the mobile first electrical contact (45) then the fixed second electrical contact (46), the starter device (1) further comprising a starter (19) suitable for engaging on a toothed crown ring (33) attached to the internal combustion engine, the method comprising the following steps:
    - in a first pre-rotation phase, controlling the operation of the electric motor with a limited electrical power,
    - then, in a second, full-speed phase beginning only when the kick starter (19) is engaged in the toothed crown ring (33) beyond the tooth-to-tooth position, controlling the operation of the electric motor at full speed.
  14. Method according to the preceding claim, the device (1) comprising an inrush electrical circuit comprising an inrush electrical winding and a holding electrical circuit comprising a holding electrical winding, characterized in that the method comprises the following intermediate step:
    - upon the transition from the first phase to the second phase, opening the inrush electrical circuit.
  15. Electromagnetic contactor (17) for a starter device of an internal combustion engine, notably for a motor vehicle, comprising:
    - a mobile assembly (60) suitable for moving, along a longitudinal axis (X), a control rod (68) on which is configured an electrical contact element (58),
    - two auxiliary electrical contact terminals (51, 52) suitable for forming a first electrical contact (45) when the electrical contact element (58) is substantially bearing against these two auxiliary terminals (51, 52) by linking them electrically, and
    - two main electrical contact terminals (53, 54) suitable for forming a second electrical contact (46) when the electrical contact element (58) is substantially bearing against these two main terminals (53, 54) by linking them electrically,
    characterized in that the contactor is arranged for the two auxiliary terminals (51, 52) to be able to be moved by the electrical contact element (58) along the longitudinal axis (X) between a position in which the electrical contact element (58) is substantially bearing against said auxiliary terminals (51, 52), and a position in which the electrical contact element (58) is further substantially bearing against the main terminals (53, 54).
EP10159084.2A 2009-04-07 2010-04-06 Starter device for an internal combustion engine, in particular of an automobile Not-in-force EP2239455B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0952275A FR2944067B1 (en) 2009-04-07 2009-04-07 STARTING DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, IN PARTICULAR A MOTOR VEHICLE.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2239455A1 EP2239455A1 (en) 2010-10-13
EP2239455B1 true EP2239455B1 (en) 2015-08-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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EP (1) EP2239455B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2944067B1 (en)

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DE102011076743B4 (en) * 2011-05-30 2023-09-21 Seg Automotive Germany Gmbh Starter relay for starting devices of internal combustion engines
DE102011078259A1 (en) * 2011-06-29 2013-01-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Switch for closing contact in circuit device utilized for operating starter of internal combustion engine of motor car, has contactors moved such that contact is closed with contactors at different points of time, upon actuation of switch
DE102012207739B3 (en) * 2012-05-09 2013-10-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Switching relay has contact bridge and bridging switch that are formed in change-over contact to occupy intermediate position in which switch and bridge are closed during switchover of retracted position into holding position
DE102012215344A1 (en) * 2012-08-29 2014-03-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Relay e.g. electromagnetic switch, for e.g. starter for starting internal combustion engine of motor car, has contact bridge including transmitter, and resilient pre-contact head connecting bolts before transmitter during actuation of relay
EP4116570A1 (en) * 2018-07-12 2023-01-11 Briggs & Stratton, LLC Internal combustion engine with electric starting system

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NL173300C (en) 1972-03-03 Ducellier & Cie DEVICE FOR OPERATING THE ELECTRIC STARTER OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE.
FR2795883B1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2001-10-05 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur METHOD FOR THE PROGRESSIVE DRIVING OF A MOTOR VEHICLE STARTER CONTACTOR
DE10008256A1 (en) * 2000-02-23 2001-09-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Switch contact for a starter motor
FR2827341B1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2004-03-26 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur STARTER FOR MOTOR VEHICLE
US6923152B2 (en) * 2002-12-10 2005-08-02 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Engine starter
FR2881479B1 (en) 2005-02-02 2010-09-10 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING A THERMAL MOTOR STARTER, IN PARTICULAR A MOTOR VEHICLE AND STARTER COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
US7373908B2 (en) * 2006-08-29 2008-05-20 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Reduced noise engine start-stop system using traditional crank device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2239455A1 (en) 2010-10-13
FR2944067B1 (en) 2016-01-22
FR2944067A1 (en) 2010-10-08

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