EP2237292A2 - Symmetrische induktive Bauelemente, insbesondere für Näherungssensoren - Google Patents

Symmetrische induktive Bauelemente, insbesondere für Näherungssensoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2237292A2
EP2237292A2 EP10354015A EP10354015A EP2237292A2 EP 2237292 A2 EP2237292 A2 EP 2237292A2 EP 10354015 A EP10354015 A EP 10354015A EP 10354015 A EP10354015 A EP 10354015A EP 2237292 A2 EP2237292 A2 EP 2237292A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
inductor
coil
layer
wire
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10354015A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2237292A3 (de
EP2237292B1 (de
Inventor
Roger Franchino
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2237292A2 publication Critical patent/EP2237292A2/de
Publication of EP2237292A3 publication Critical patent/EP2237292A3/de
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Publication of EP2237292B1 publication Critical patent/EP2237292B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing coils
    • H01F41/06—Coil winding
    • H01F41/082—Devices for guiding or positioning the winding material on the former
    • H01F41/086—Devices for guiding or positioning the winding material on the former in a special configuration on the former, e.g. orthocyclic coils or open mesh coils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of wire winding for manufacturing an inductor which can in particular be used within an inductive sensor, in particular for a device making it possible to detect the proximity of a metal target.
  • Proximity sensors have a privileged application in the field of industrial automation, in particular in the control of machines. Different principles allow detection of the distance of one target object from another; in particular, for the metal targets, a device for determining its distance from a sensor uses the measurement of the current in an inductor.
  • the type of sensor 1 used in such an inductive device thus comprises an inductor 2 wound around a core 3 of ferromagnetic material, such as ferrite, and placed in a housing 4; advantageously, the ferromagnetic material is a well 5 whose longitudinal section forms an E so as to surround the coil 2 on three of its sides.
  • the detection consists in measuring the influence on the inductance 2 of the eddy currents induced on the metal target 6 by the magnetic field B generated by said inductor 2: the alternating current in the coil 2 generates a magnetic field B through the material ferromagnetic 5 and in front of the front face 8 of the sensor 1; this magnetic field B induces eddy currents in the target 6 placed near the sensor 1, said currents depending on the distance d away from the target 6.
  • the eddy currents generate a loss in the inductor 2, and it is thus possible, by measuring the loss factor of the coil 2, to determine the distance d between the target 6 and the front 8 of the sensor 1.
  • This measurement can be performed by different electronic devices (peak detector of an oscillating circuit LC , measuring the discharge time of the inductance in a resistor ).
  • inductance 2 is associated with a capacitive element 9 so as to form an oscillator excited at its own resonance frequency.
  • This type of proximity detector 10 is particularly sensitive to electromagnetic disturbances.
  • One of the commonly used techniques for enhancing the immunity against electromagnetic interference (EMC) of inductive sensors 1 is the shielding of the coil 2, a shield connected to the power supply of the electronics; this solution is however sometimes heavy to industrialize and generates an additional cost.
  • the sensitivity EMC can moreover be reduced by the use of symmetrical elements in the electronic processing circuit 12 associated with the sensor 1, as for example illustrated in FIG. Figure 1B , in particular with an oscillator mounted in bridge between two arms of two transistors. Nevertheless, the electromagnetic compatibility is not optimal, in particular because of the residual capacitive coupling between the inductor 2 and the housing 4 of the sensor 1: by construction, an asymmetry remains.
  • the invention aims to improve the electromagnetic immunity of existing proximity sensors. More generally, the invention aims to optimize the symmetry of an inductor to compensate for the different currents that can be induced.
  • the invention relates to an inductor whose last layer is symmetrical.
  • the inductor is cylindrical and extends along an axis between a front face and an opposite face; it is composed of a stack of layers of coils of conductive wire wound.
  • the layers are alternating, that is to say that the conductive wire forming the layers is successively closer to one or the other end of the winding; more precisely, since each layer is from one half of its length of the wire component of the winding, each half being between the middle of the wire and one end, preferably each layer comes from a first half of said wire and the layer superimposed on it comes from the other half of the thread.
  • the capacitive coupling between the housing and the wire on either side of its ends is balanced.
  • the last outer layer of the inductor is symmetrical, and the two ends of the winding are located substantially in the center of the inductance, on said outer layer, preferably in the same place: the last layer thus comprises two portions of almost identical length, of the same diameter and winding direction reversed.
  • the invention relates to an inductive sensor comprising a symmetrical inductance associated with a ferromagnetic core, and preferably surrounded by a housing, preferably metal.
  • the conductors extending the winding ends of the inductor open ferromagnetic material, preferably at a base opposite the front face of the inductor, preferably through the same orifice, for example according to the shortest path. Because of this symmetry, the couplings between inductor and housing are equalized, and the immunity of the sensor to electromagnetic disturbances is increased.
  • the inductive sensor is associated, by the conductors extending the ends of its inductance, with a capacitance so as to form a resonator, and / or with an electronic circuit making it possible to determine the proximity of a metal object to the front face of the inductor.
  • the device thus formed is floating, the various components of the electronic circuit, which are preferably symmetrical, not being connected to the ground.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an inductor as defined above.
  • the method comprises a winding, in particular with alternating layers, from a midpoint of the wire, in particular a metal conductor, around a mandrel, said winding stopping substantially in the center of the inductance formed for each of the two wire supplies.
  • the figure 2 shows an inductor and a sensor according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3F represent a winding method for an inductor according to the invention.
  • an inductive sensor detection device 10 of the type illustrated in FIG. Figure 1A is equivalent to an electronic circuit comprising in parallel a resistor R (d) depending on the distance d between the front 8 of the sensor 1 and the object to be detected 6 and an inductance L corresponding to the coil 2.
  • a leakage current flows from each terminals of the inductance to the housing 4 by two parasitic capacitances C1 and C2 representative of the coupling between the housing 4 and the inductor 2.
  • the assembly is connected to a processing circuit 12, preferably with symmetrical electronic elements, with in particular formation of a resonant circuit R (d) LC, by the association with the sensor 1 of the capacitive element 9.
  • the equivalent circuit of the device 10 for determining the distance of a metal object 6 is a symmetrical oscillator consisting of two pairs of complementary bipolar transistors, an LC resonator consisting of an inductor 2 in parallel with a capacitor 9; the resonator is bridged between the middle points of each of the two pairs of transistors.
  • the base of each of the transistors is connected to the collector of the neighboring transistor thus creating an unstable circuit oscillating at the natural frequency of the resonator.
  • a conventional winding consists in winding around a mandrel a wire of copper from one of its ends, which creates an asymmetry due to the output 14 more or less distant from the center, and therefore the housing 4: see Figure 1A .
  • Alternating winding techniques exist, as presented in the document JP 2007165757 the winding is started from a mid-point of the winding wire and made on each side of this midpoint, in particular by interlacing the layers, so that the ends of the winding are both localized to the winding. 2.
  • the two strands are wound in turn around the core in successive layers, with inversion of the origin of the wire relative to each half of supply of a layer on the other way the current of the coil always turns in the same direction, guaranteeing the effect of inductance.
  • the coupling capacitors C1, C2 remain different.
  • the invention proposes another symmetrical configuration of the coil by optimizing the symmetry of its outer layer.
  • the last layer of the winding is in screen between the housing and the layers of the bottom: it has been shown thanks to the solution that it strongly influences the coupling and that a modification of its structure according to the invention increases noticeably the EMC immunity of an inductive sensor.
  • the inductor 20 is made from a conductive wire 22, in particular copper, as in the prior art.
  • the wire 22 is wound into a plurality of layers 24, advantageously according to the principle of alternating layers: away from the first layer 24 1 , which comprises the midpoint of the length of wire 22 forming the winding 20, the layers following belong successively to both halves of the wire.
  • the juxtaposed turns forming a first layer 24 i are wound in the direct direction and the turns forming a second layer 24 i + 1 superimposed on the first are wound in the in the opposite direction to maintain the same direction of rotation of the current in the coil.
  • This technique makes it possible to further increase the symmetry of the inductor 20 by balancing the capacitive coupling with the housing, but is not essential (it is thus possible to consider an alternating winding of several layers in the same direction).
  • the two ends 26A, 26B of the winding wire 22 are located on the outer layer 24 n of the inductor, the furthest from the axis AA, and meet substantially in the center of the winding along this AA axis.
  • the number n of layers 24 i is constant over the length of the inductance 20, that is to say that, by looking from the same end face 28 of the inductor 20, the last layer 24 n of the winding consists half of coils wound in the forward direction and half of coils in the opposite direction; advantageously, on the same central external turn 26 is a first winding end 26A coming from the end face 28 and wound in one direction, and a second winding end 26B coming from the opposite face and wound in the opposite direction, the length of wire 22 between each of the faces and said central turn 26 being substantially identical.
  • the method for producing the inductance winding 20 according to the invention may be identical to the existing methods, with a simple modification as regards the end of the winding.
  • a conventional alternating winding is performed, with the exception of the last layer 24 n which is made when the two supplies are located on either side of the winding: each of the supplies is then moved on half of the length separating them.
  • the lead 22 is initially distributed over two supply devices 30A, 30B.
  • the wire 22 is wound from a midpoint 32 around a mandrel 34, each layer 24 i being for example constituted by alternately fixing the mandrel 34 one of the two supplies 30i and debiting the wire 22 of the other.
  • the supply 30A is fixed to the mandrel 34 ( figure 3A ), the assembly is rotated while the supply 30B delivers the wire 22 by moving along the mandrel 34; when the entire length of the inductor 20 (less than or equal to that of the mandrel 34) has been covered ( figure 3B ), the supply 30B is in turn fixed to the mandrel 34 while the supply 30A is released in order to prepare the winding of the second layer ( figure 3C ); the mandrel 34 is rotated in the opposite direction while the supply 30A delivers the wire by moving along the mandrel 34.
  • the last layer 24 n can be started when the two supplies 30i are positioned on either side of the mandrel 34 ( figure 3E ): in fact, each of the displacements of the supplies 30i is stopped in the middle of the inductor 20, corresponding substantially to the middle of the mandrel 34, the first half of the last layer 24 n coming from the supply 30A being completed by debiting the other supply 30B ( figure 3F ). Any other winding technique is conceivable, for example by starting the winding from a midpoint 32 of the wire located substantially in the center of the mandrel 34.
  • an inductance 20 is obtained whose last layer 24 n is divided into two portions of the same size wound symmetrically: the parasitic coupling capacitances C sym with a housing are equal, and the noise generated by the current differential is minimized.
  • the inductor 20 obtained according to the invention is, as usual, placed in a sensor 40 comprising a ferromagnetic core 42; advantageously, the ferromagnetic material 42 forms a well, in particular of section E along its axis AA, in which the coil 20 is inserted.
  • the front face 28 of the inductor 20 forms the front face of the sensor 40 with respect to which the distance d of proximity of a target 6 is determined.
  • the conductors 22 extending on each side the ends 26A, 26B of the winding open the core 42 through a hole 44, preferably single; this orifice 44 may be centered on the axis of the inductor 20 but it is preferable for the conductor 22 to open directly through an orifice 44 located at the level of the outer layer 24 n of the winding 20 to minimize the length of conductor 22
  • the sensor 40 is coupled to an electronic circuit 12, preferably not earthed, preferably to symmetrical elements to form a floating device 10 'for determining the proximity.
  • the sensor 40 furthermore comprises a cylindrical casing 46 which, advantageously, extends beyond the opposite face of the ferromagnetic E so as to accommodate the electronic circuit 12: the whole of the proximity detection device 10 'according to FIG.
  • the invention is then contained in the housing 46.
  • Figures 1B and 2 ie a measurement representing the quality factor, with an IEC 61000-4-6 generator (amplitude-modulated sinusoidal voltage source at 50 ⁇ ) connected to the inputs / outputs of the electronic device 10, 10 'via a coupling / decoupling network.
  • IEC 61000-4-6 generator amplitude-modulated sinusoidal voltage source at 50 ⁇
  • the voltage across the inductance 2, 20 is a sinusoid of frequency equal to the natural frequency of the LC circuit: the influence of the two parasitic capacitances C1, C2 of the coil 2, respectively two parasitic capacitances C sym of the coil 20 according to the invention is negligible, even if they are not balanced, as long as their value is significantly lower than the capacitance C of the tuning element 9 of the oscillator (typically of the order of 1 nF).
  • the voltage across the inductance 2, 20 becomes dependent on the coupling capacitors ⁇ C1, C2, C sym ⁇ with a beat phenomenon between the natural frequency of the oscillator and the frequency of the disturbing generator, which causes the envelope of the signal to fluctuate in voltage peak value.
  • This fluctuation makes it possible to determine a distortion factor, corresponding to the variation of amplitude with respect to the nominal amplitude.
  • each coupling capacitance C sym of an inductance 20 in a sensor 40 according to the invention of the same size is substantially equal to the average between these two variables C1, C2.
  • Each of the devices 10, 10 ' has been subjected to a 10 V interference signal, corresponding to level 3 of the standard (modulated at 80% at a frequency of 1 kHz), at a frequency close to the natural frequency of the device.
  • the amplitude variation of the voltage of the coil 2, 20 in the presence of this Disturbance with respect to the nominal amplitude was determined, giving a distortion factor.
  • the gain was measured by the ratio between the maximum voltage supported by the asymmetrical device 2, 10 and the symmetrical device 20, 10 'to hold an identical distortion (in this case, the percentage previously identified for a symmetrical device) .
  • Table I shows that a 30 mm symmetrical coil accepts an input disturbance 2.93 times greater than an unbalanced coil 2 for the same level of distortion of the measurement signal: in the presence of a disturbance of 10 mm.
  • V the nominal amplitude of approximately 0.6 V varies from 179 mV for a symmetrical coil and 300 mV for an asymmetrical coil - to vary from only 179 mV, the asymmetrical coil 2 can only be disturbed by 3.41 V maximum.
  • Table I shows that, by the solution according to the invention, by balancing the two parasitic capacitances C1, C2 of the coil relative to the housing, the differential mode noise is minimized.
  • the common mode noise still exists but has no influence since all of the electronics 12 turn on the potential of the disturbance.
  • the EMC immunity of the floating sensors (whose electronics 12 are not referenced to the ground) is thus reinforced by a factor of around 10 dB.
  • the invention has been described with reference to a floating proximity sensor, it is not limited thereto: other elements may be concerned by the invention.
  • the symmetrical winding according to the invention can be used to manufacture other windings, including inductances used in the field of radio frequency.
  • proximity sensors whose electronics are referenced to earth may also include a symmetrical inductance as described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
EP10354015A 2009-04-03 2010-03-26 Symmetrische induktive Bauelemente, insbesondere für Näherungssensoren Not-in-force EP2237292B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0901638A FR2944133A1 (fr) 2009-04-03 2009-04-03 Inductance symetrique, en particulier pour detecteurs de proximite

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2237292A2 true EP2237292A2 (de) 2010-10-06
EP2237292A3 EP2237292A3 (de) 2011-03-30
EP2237292B1 EP2237292B1 (de) 2012-05-09

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EP10354015A Not-in-force EP2237292B1 (de) 2009-04-03 2010-03-26 Symmetrische induktive Bauelemente, insbesondere für Näherungssensoren

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EP (1) EP2237292B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE557405T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2383511T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2944133A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2608229A3 (de) * 2011-12-19 2014-03-12 Dunkermotoren GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Spulenanordnung
CN113031085A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2021-06-25 深圳大学 金属异物检测线圈的构建方法及金属异物检测系统

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007165757A (ja) 2005-12-16 2007-06-28 Goto Denshi Kk 二元捲きコイル、もしくは二元捲きコイルの捲線装置、および捲線方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3743853A (en) * 1972-01-10 1973-07-03 Electro Corp America Adjustable proximity sensor
US3996510A (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-12-07 General Electric Company Shielding arrangement for sensing the proximity of a metallic object
DE3028939C1 (de) * 1980-07-30 1981-10-15 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Beruehrungsloser induktiver Naeherungsschalter
IT1238726B (it) * 1990-05-03 1993-09-01 Alessandro Dreoni Sensore di prossimita' induttivo e trasduttore di posizione con scala passiva
US7276897B2 (en) * 2004-04-09 2007-10-02 Ksr International Co. Inductive position sensor
DE202007003687U1 (de) * 2007-03-09 2008-07-10 Pepperl + Fuchs Gmbh Anordnung mit Gehäuse, elektronischen Bauelementen und Vergussmasse

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007165757A (ja) 2005-12-16 2007-06-28 Goto Denshi Kk 二元捲きコイル、もしくは二元捲きコイルの捲線装置、および捲線方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2608229A3 (de) * 2011-12-19 2014-03-12 Dunkermotoren GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Spulenanordnung
CN113031085A (zh) * 2020-08-28 2021-06-25 深圳大学 金属异物检测线圈的构建方法及金属异物检测系统
CN113031085B (zh) * 2020-08-28 2023-06-23 深圳大学 金属异物检测线圈的构建方法及金属异物检测系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE557405T1 (de) 2012-05-15
EP2237292A3 (de) 2011-03-30
FR2944133A1 (fr) 2010-10-08
ES2383511T3 (es) 2012-06-21
EP2237292B1 (de) 2012-05-09

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