EP2233845A2 - Cascade device for a heating system with one or more boilers - Google Patents

Abstract

The unit (1) has a hydraulic switch (5) connected to a heating circuit flow connection (55) and heating circuit return connection (56). A boiler flow collector (3), a boiler return distributor (4) and the hydraulic switch are mechanically connected with one another to form a prefabricated component. The hydraulic switch is arranged horizontal and parallel to the boiler flow collector and the boiler return distributor in an operating condition. The boiler flow collector and the boiler return distributor are placed at a distance from one another and are mechanically connected with the switch.

Description

The present invention relates to a cascade unit for a heating system with two or more boilers, wherein the cascade unit has at least one horizontally extending in the operating state boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold, the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold each with prepared, placed adjusted for a group of two or more boilers Boiler connections for connecting the boiler feeders and the boiler recirculation are carried out, wherein the cascade unit further comprises a hydraulic switch, which is connected on the one hand to the boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold and on the other hand with at least one each heating circuit flow connection and Heizkreisrücklaufanschluss, and wherein the collector and the manifold and the hydraulic Switches are mechanically connected together to form a prefabricated unit.

A cascade unit of the aforementioned type is eg from the DE 202 11 303 U1 known. In this known cascade unit is provided that the hydraulic switch in the operating state of the cascade unit is oriented substantially vertically and is mechanically fixed near its lower end with the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold.

From this arrangement of boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold in a horizontal direction on the one hand and the hydraulic switch in a substantially vertical direction on the other hand results in a bulky design that causes a lot of space in logistics, that is, during storage and transport. Even in a room of an associated heating system, the known cascade unit requires a relatively large amount of space. Finally, attaching a thermal insulation is relatively expensive in the known cascade unit.

For the present invention, therefore, the object is to provide a cascade unit of the type mentioned, which avoids the disadvantages presented and in particular a more compact arrangement with a smaller footprint in both the logistics and at the site is achieved and in the attachment a thermal insulation is simplified.

The solution of this object is achieved according to the invention with a cascade unit of the type mentioned, which is gekennzeichnbet that the hydraulic switch is arranged in the operating state horizontally and parallel to the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold and that the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold from each other and spaced with the hydraulic switch mechanically connected.

With the cascade unit according to the invention is advantageously achieved a very compact design, because both the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold and the hydraulic switch are all arranged horizontally and thus parallel to each other. This simplifies logistics and less space is required when installing the cascade unit in a boiler room. Assembly work to connect the hydraulic separator with the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold do not occur at the installation site, since the parts mentioned are already mechanically connected. The inventively provided arrangement of boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold with distance from each other ensures that an undesirable heat transfer between the hot boiler flow collector and the cooler boiler return manifold is largely avoided. Due to the compact design and the distance from boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold from each other attaching a thermal insulation jacket is much easier. Since there is a gap between the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold, insulating material can also be introduced into the region between the boiler feed collector and the boiler return manifold, which further improves the desired thermal separation of the boiler feed collector and the boiler return manifold.

A further embodiment of the cascade unit according to the invention provides that the heating circuit flow connection and the heating circuit return connection are both arranged at a first front end of the hydraulic switch. The arrangement of the two Heizkreisanschlüsse on the same front end of the hydraulic switch results in a compact arrangement of these two connections and facilitates the wiring during installation of the cascade unit and the other parts of an associated heating system.

In particular, for reasons of cost-effective production and to achieve a stable construction of the cascade unit is further provided that the or each boiler flow collector and the or each boiler return manifold and the hydraulic switch are each formed by a rectangular pipe section.

A further embodiment of the cascade unit proposes that it each has a boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold, that the rectangle pipe forming the hydraulic switch has a height that is greater than the added heights of boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold, and that the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold, preferably outside edge flush , are arranged on the front or the back of the hydraulic switch. This embodiment of the cascade unit advantageously has a relatively small overall depth, which is advantageous in many installation situations.

In an alternative embodiment of the cascade unit is provided that it each has a boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold, that the forming the hydraulic switch rectangular tube section has a width that is greater than the added widths of boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold, and that the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold, preferably flush with the outer edges, are arranged at the top or the bottom of the hydraulic switch. This embodiment of the cascade unit has the specific advantage of a particularly low design, which may be advantageous in corresponding installation situations in boiler rooms, especially in rooms with low height.

A further embodiment of the cascade unit provides that they each have a boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold, that the forming the hydraulic switch rectangular pipe section has a height equal to or greater than the height of the boiler return manifold, that the boiler return manifold, preferably lower edge flush, at the front Is arranged - or back of the hydraulic switch and that the boiler flow collector, preferably flush with the outer edge, is arranged at the top of the hydraulic switch. In In this embodiment, the cascade unit has a particularly flat construction, since with the exception of its lower portion, in which the switch front or rear carries the Kesselrücklaufverteiler, has a depth that is not greater than the depth of the hydraulic switch only.

With the cascade units described above, each with a boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold two or more boilers can be connected in a row next to each other.

Depending on the spatial conditions, it may also be expedient to arrange two or more boilers in the form of pairs back to back with the cascade unit. A first embodiment of the cascade unit for such a boiler arrangement is characterized in that it comprises a boiler feed header and two boiler return manifolds, that the rectangle pipe forming the hydraulic switch has a height equal to or greater than the height of each boiler return manifold that the boiler return manifold, preferably flush with the bottom, are arranged on the front and the back of the hydraulic switch and that the boiler flow collector, preferably flush-mounted, is arranged on the upper side of the hydraulic switch. This cascade unit requires despite the arrangement of boilers back to back only a single boiler flow collector, so that a particularly economical cascade unit is provided.

An alternative embodiment of the cascade unit provides that it has two boiler feed headers and boiler return manifold, that the forming the hydraulic switch rectangular tube section has a width that is greater than the added widths of each boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold that the boiler flow collector respectively, preferably outside edge flush the top or the bottom of the hydraulic switch are arranged and that the boiler return manifolds are each arranged, preferably flush with the outer edge, on the underside or the top of the hydraulic switch. This embodiment of the cascade unit has a relatively low height, which is advantageous for low boiler rooms.

A further embodiment of the cascade unit is characterized in that it has two boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold that the has a height which is greater than the added heights of a boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold, that the boiler flow collector, preferably above or below the edge, both sides are arranged laterally on the hydraulic switch and that the boiler return manifold, preferably lower or upper edge flush, are arranged laterally on both sides of the hydraulic switch. This embodiment of the cascade unit again has the specific advantage of a relatively small overall depth, which can be advantageous in corresponding installation situations in a boiler room.

The cascade units according to claims 3 to 9 described above each have one or two boiler feed headers and one or two boiler return manifolds each in the form of a rectangular pipe section. Alternatively, according to a further embodiment of the cascade unit according to the invention the possibility that the hydraulic switch is formed by a rectangular pipe section and that the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold are formed by two parallel pipe sections, whose sides facing each other are each formed by a wave or zigzag wall wherein the two wave or zigzag walls are parallel and spaced apart. This embodiment of the cascade unit offers the possibility of arranging the boiler flow connections and the boiler return connections in a common straight line, which simplifies the connection of the cascade unit to the boilers and makes them visually more appealing. At the same time, however, the desired thermal separation between the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold is maintained by the distance between their wavy or zigzag, facing walls.

The most compact arrangement of the cascade unit is achieved when it is provided that the boiler flow collector and the hydraulic switch are adjacent to each other mechanically adjacent to each other mechanically and the boiler return manifold and the hydraulic switch are adjacent to each other mechanically adjacent to each other.

Alternatively, there is the possibility that the boiler feed header and the hydraulic separator are mechanically connected to each other at a distance between their facing surfaces and that the boiler return manifold and the hydraulic separator with distance between their facing surfaces mechanically connected to each other. This embodiment of the cascade unit offers a particularly good thermal separation between the individual parts of the cascade unit.

A further significant simplification of production, logistics and installation results when the cascade unit is designed according to the invention so that the boiler connections for connecting the boiler feeds and the boiler returns to the cascade unit are arranged symmetrically in such a way that after rotation of the cascade unit by 180 ° around a transverse to the longitudinal direction of the cascade unit horizontally or vertically extending axis of rotation results in an arrangement identical to the output arrangement of the boiler connections, but the Heizkreisvorlaufanschluss and the Heizkreisrücklaufanschluss come to rest at the other end of the cascade unit. With such a symmetrical design of the cascade unit, a single embodiment of the cascade unit suffices for two different installation situations in which once the heating circuit connections lie on one end face and once on the other end face of the cascade unit. Thus, errors in ordering the cascade unit are avoided by the installer. In addition, there is the possibility to select the arrangement of the cascade unit appropriately just before installing the cascade unit in a boiler room.

To ensure good function of the hydraulic switch within the cascade unit, it is further provided that the hydraulic switch has a flow region, a return region and a core region, these regions being fluidly connected, wherein the core region is fluidly between the flow region and the return region and wherein the flow region fluidly connected to the boiler feed header and the return area is fluidly connected to the boiler return manifold. With balanced volume flows on the one hand in the boiler circuits and on the other hand in the heating circuit no flow occurs in the soft core area; only the flow area and the return area of the hydraulic separator are flowed through. Since there is no soft core region between the flow area and the return area of the hydraulic separator, the flows in the flow area and in the return area do not interfere with each other. Only in operating states of an associated heating system, in which the volume flows in the boiler circuits on the one hand and in the heating circuit on the other hand are not balanced, results a compensating flow through the soft core area. Thus, in the case of unbalanced flows, a compensation of the volume flows is automatically produced. For example, it is ruled out that the boilers connected to the cascade unit have insufficient water flow, which could easily lead to damage to their heat exchangers, especially in modern condensing boilers.

A further embodiment of the cascade unit proposes with regard to the hydraulic switch that the subdivision of the hydraulic switch is formed by a partition extending from the first end of the hydraulic switch between Heizkreisvorlaufanschluss and Heizkreisrücklaufanschluss in the direction of the second end face of the hydraulic switch and at a distance ends before the second front end of the hydraulic switch. The partition wall forms a very simple and at the same time functionally reliable separation of the hydraulic separator into the flow, core and return areas. As a result, the production of the cascade unit remains simple and inexpensive.

A further embodiment in this regard provides that at or near the end of the dividing wall facing the second front end of the hydraulic switch, a diaphragm is arranged with a passage between the flow region and the soft core region. The orifice with the passage ensures, in particular, that unwanted flows through the soft core region as a result of temperature differences in the heat transport medium or water, which flows through the cascade unit, do not occur to a disturbing extent. At the same time, of course, the passage is chosen to be so large that any required compensating flows through the soft-core region of the hydraulic switch are not distractingly limited.

An alternative embodiment of the cascade unit with regard to the subdivision of the hydraulic separator is characterized in that the subdivision of the hydraulic separator is formed by a pipe stub which extends from the first front end of the hydraulic separator either from the heating circuit supply connection or from the heating circuit return connection in the direction of the second front end of the hydraulic Soft extends and ends at a distance in front of the second front end. The pipe socket is a technically simple component with which the desired Subdivision of the hydraulic switch is functionally reliable and cost-effectively achieved in the production of the cascade unit.

To avoid even in the cascade unit with the pipe socket for subdivision of the hydraulic switch undesirable, caused by temperature differences in the heat transport medium flows through the core region, it is provided that at a distance from the first end face of the hydraulic switch a diaphragm with a lying in a lower switch region Passage between the flow area and the core core area is arranged. Here, too, of course, the passage is dimensioned so that the possibly required compensating flow through the soft core region remains possible to a sufficient extent.

If appropriate or necessary, a diaphragm with a defined passage for the heat transport medium can also be provided between the core region and the return region of the switch.

Another contribution to a technically simple structure and thus to cost-effective manufacturability of the cascade unit is achieved in that preferably the fluid connection between the hydraulic switch and the boiler flow collector and the fluid connection between the hydraulic switch and the boiler return manifold each sealed by outwardly congruent breakthroughs are formed in abutting or facing surface areas of hydraulic switch on the one hand and boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold on the other. With this configuration, expensive external line connections are avoided, which keeps the cascade unit simple and compact.

In particular, in order to avoid disturbing turbulences within the cascade unit, it is provided that the heating circuit flow connection has a smaller cross section than the boiler flow collector and that the heating circuit return connection has a smaller cross section than the boiler return manifold. The larger in relation to the Heizkreisanschlüssen cross sections of boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold here ensure a lower flow velocity of the heat transfer medium, thereby avoiding disturbing turbulence.

Also, for the avoidance of troublesome turbulence, it is further contemplated that the fluid communication between the hydraulic switch and the boiler header has a smaller cross-section than the boiler header and that the fluid communication between the hydraulic switch and the boiler return manifold has a smaller cross-section than the boiler return manifold.

Further, for the cascade unit in terms of dimensioning of flow cross sections, it is preferable that the fluid communication between the hydraulic switch and the boiler flow collector has a cross section larger than or equal to the cross section of the passage between the flow region and the core region of the hydraulic switch in that the fluid connection between the hydraulic separator and the boiler return distributor has a cross section which is greater than or equal to the cross section of the passage between the return region and the soft core region of the hydraulic separator. By this coordination of the cross-sections is achieved in particular that the flow of the heat transfer medium in the cascade unit preferably flows through the fluid connections between the hydraulic switch on the one hand and the boiler return manifold and the Kessenlauflaufsammler other hand, but not in an undesirable manner by the Weichenkernbereich, as long as balanced flow rates in the boiler circuits and in the heating circuit. For example, we avoided an immediate return of heated heat transfer medium from the boiler feeds to the boiler returns. It is also avoided that cooled heat transport medium from the heating circuit return passes directly into the heating circuit flow.

A particularly rational production and stable construction of the cascade unit can be achieved in that the mechanical connections between the or each boiler flow collector and the or each boiler return manifold on the one hand and the hydraulic switch on the other hand welded joints. Such welds are easy to produce, with both a manual and an automatic performing the welding operations is possible. At the same time, the welded joints also provide the necessary sealing of fluid connections between the parts of the cascade unit.

Alternatively, there is a possibility that the mechanical and fluid connections between the or each boiler flow collector and the or each boiler return manifold on the one hand and the hydraulic switch on the other hand flange connections. This version has the advantage that the parts of the cascade unit can be transported for themselves and the assembly can take place only at the installation site. This is particularly advantageous for a particularly large cascade unit, since this is then divided into smaller parts, each of which is easier to transport and handle than the complete cascade unit. During operation of the cascade unit whose parts are connected via the flange but mechanically strong and liquid-tight together.

Furthermore, it is preferably provided for the cascade unit according to the invention that the boiler flow collector and the boiler return manifold have the same length and that the hydraulic switch has a length which is smaller than or equal to the length of boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold. Particularly in the case of smaller cascade units, that is to say in the case of cascade units for, for example, two to four boilers, the hydraulic switch preferably has a length which corresponds to the length of boiler feed collector and boiler return manifold. For cascade units for a larger number of boilers, it is sufficient to make the boiler return manifold and the boiler flow collector with a correspondingly greater length, while the hydraulic switch can have or retain a shorter length. Thus, the production of the cascade unit is further simplified because it manages with a single version of the hydraulic switch or with a few versions of the hydraulic switch for different boiler numbers.

In order to keep the cascade unit operationally reliable and tight for the intended service life, the hydraulic switch, the boiler feed collector and the boiler return distributor or distributors are preferably profiled or bent parts of steel or coated steel or stainless steel.

To simplify the construction of the cascade unit in a boiler room, the invention proposes that the cascade unit has mounting brackets for pedestals on the underside or on the top and bottom. The only underside arrangement of mounting brackets is useful for cascade units, which are used only in one orientation; in cascade units operating in two different arrangements can be used, which are set by rotating the cascade unit by 180 ° about a horizontal transverse axis, upper and lower mounting brackets for feet are appropriate. The feet can advantageously be delivered together with the cascade unit initially loose to the site of the cascade unit; There, the feet are then connected as needed with the cascade unit. The feet may be adjustable in height or length to accommodate different installation situations.

A further embodiment of the cascade unit according to the invention is characterized in that the cascade unit has on top or top and bottom mounting brackets for one or more Heizkesseltraggestelle. In this version, the cascade unit can be equipped with one or more boiler cradles if required, where each boiler cradle can support one or more boilers. An assembly of supporting frames or boilers on a wall of a boiler room is therefore no longer necessary, because advantageously the boilers can be connected by means of one or more Heizkesseltraggestelle correct position with the cascade unit. This simplifies the installation of a heating system and makes it more independent of the spatial conditions of a boiler room.

Since heating systems have different numbers and different arrangements of boilers, the cascade unit according to the invention can be manufactured and kept in a corresponding number of designs. With a relatively small number of designs, this is still sufficiently economical. If particularly many different cascade units are in demand, it may be advantageous according to a further embodiment of the invention that the cascade unit in modular design consists of a basic cascade module with a hydraulic switch and with at least one boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold and that the cascade basic module at its from Heizkreisvorlaufanschluss and Front end facing away from the heating circuit return connection has at least one connecting flange, via which a cascade expansion module can be connected to the basic cascade module, which has at least one boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold, but no hydraulic switch. In the modular design, the cascade unit can be adapted to different numbers and arrangements of boilers by the cascade unit either only the basic cascade module or additionally or multiple cascade extension modules, each of which can be joined together as needed. Only the basic cascade module requires the hydraulic switch, while the cascade extension modules can be designed more simply, in particular without a hydraulic switch.

In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the cascade extension module has two front ends, each with at least one connecting flange. Thus, the cascade extension module can be reconnected at its front end remote from the cascade base module with another cascade extension module in the same way as the first cascade extension module with the cascade basic module.

The cascade unit according to the invention serves primarily to connect several boiler circuits of a heating system with a heating circuit flow connection and a heating circuit return connection of the heating system and thereby to provide the function of a hydraulic separator. Alternatively, the cascade unit described above can also be used as a heating circuit manifold for a heating system with two or more heating circuits, wherein the boiler connections are used as Heizkreisanschlüsse and the Heizkreisanschlüsse are used as boiler connections. In this second use, the heated in a boiler heat transfer medium is then distributed to two or more heating circuits, also here the function of a hydraulic switch is provided.

Except in a heating system, the cascade unit according to the invention can also be used in a cooling system. In a first use several refrigerators are connected to a refrigerant circuit; in a second use, a chiller is connected to multiple cooling circuits.

Figur 1

eine Kaskadeneinheit für zwei Heizkessel in einer ersten Ausführung in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 2

die Kaskadeneinheit in einer zweiten Ausführung, ebenfalls für zwei Heizkessel, in einer perspektivischen Darstellung mit voneinander getrennten Einzelteilen,

Figur 3

die Kaskadeneinheit in einer modularen Ausführung für vier Heizkessel, in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 4

die Kaskadeneinheit in einer weiteren Ausführung für zwei Paare von Rücken an Rücken angeordneten Heizkesseln und in modularer Ausführung, in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 5

den linken Stirnendbereich der Kaskadeneinheit aus Figur 4 in einer geschnittenen perspektivischen Darstellung,

Figur 6

die Kaskadeneinheit in einer weiteren Ausführung, für zwei Paare von Rücken an Rücken angeordneten Heizkesseln, in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 7

die Kaskadeneinheit aus Figur 6 in einer zweiten, gedrehten Lage in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 8

eine hydraulische Weiche mit Heizkreisvorlaufanschluss und Heizkreisrücklaufanschluss, in perspektivischer Ansicht als Teil einer Kaskadeneinheit,

Figur 9

die Kaskadeneinheit in einer weiteren Ausführung für zwei Heizkessel, in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 10

die Kaskadeneinheit aus Figur 9 mit einem abgeschnittenen linken Stirnendbereich, ebenfalls in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 11

eine hydraulische Weiche in einer gegenüber der Figur 10 geänderten Ausführung, als Teil der Kaskadeneinheit, in perspektivischer, oberseitig teilweise aufgebrochener Darstellung,

Figur 12

die Kaskadeneinheit in einer weiteren Ausführung, für vier in Reihe angeordnete Heizkessel, in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 13

die Kaskadeneinheit aus Figur 12 in einer geänderten Ausführung,

Figur 14

die Kaskadeneinheit in einer Ausführung für zwei Paare von Rücken an Rücken angeordneten Heizkesseln, mit Montagekonsolen, in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 15

die Kaskadeneinheit aus Figur 14 mit einem mit den Montagekonsolen verbundenen Heizkesseltraggestell, in einer geänderten perspektivischen Ansicht, und

Figur 16

die Kaskadeneinheit in einer letzten Ausführung, für zwei nebeneinander angeordnete Heizkessel, in perspektivischer Ansicht.

In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained with reference to a drawing. The figures of the drawing show:

FIG. 1

a cascade unit for two boilers in a first embodiment in perspective view,

FIG. 2

the cascade unit in a second embodiment, also for two boilers, in a perspective view with separate individual parts,

FIG. 3

the cascade unit in a modular design for four boilers, in perspective view,

FIG. 4

the cascade unit in a further embodiment for two pairs of back-to-back boilers and in modular design, in perspective view,

FIG. 5

the left front end of the cascade unit FIG. 4 in a sectional perspective view,

FIG. 6

the cascade unit in a further embodiment, for two pairs of back-to-back boilers, in perspective view,

FIG. 7

the cascade unit off FIG. 6 in a second, rotated position in perspective view,

FIG. 8

a hydraulic separator with heating circuit supply connection and heating circuit return connection, in a perspective view as part of a cascade unit,

FIG. 9

the cascade unit in a further embodiment for two boilers, in perspective view,

FIG. 10

the cascade unit off FIG. 9 with a cut off left frontal end region, also in perspective view,

FIG. 11

a hydraulic switch in one opposite the FIG. 10 modified version, as part of the cascade unit, in perspective, on the top side partly broken view,

FIG. 12

the cascade unit in a further embodiment, for four boilers arranged in series, in perspective view,

FIG. 13

the cascade unit off FIG. 12 in a modified version,

FIG. 14

the cascade unit in an embodiment for two pairs of back-to-back boilers, with mounting brackets, in perspective view,

FIG. 15

the cascade unit off FIG. 14 with a connected to the mounting brackets boiler support frame, in an amended perspective view, and

FIG. 16

the cascade unit in a last version, for two juxtaposed boiler, in perspective view.

In some drawing figures of the drawing, the various terminals of the cascade unit 1 are provided with code letters. Here, "HV" means heating circuit flow connection, "HR" heating circuit return connection, "KV" boiler flow connection and "KR" boiler return connection.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a cascade unit 1 for a heating system, here with two boilers, which are not shown. The cascade unit 1 comprises as essential parts a boiler flow collector 3, a boiler return manifold 4 and a hydraulic separator 5. The boiler flow collector 3, the boiler return manifold 4 and the hydraulic separator 5 are each designed as rectangular tube sections and parallel to each other and in the FIG. 1 shown operating position of the cascade unit 1 horizontally. The cross section of the hydraulic switch 5 is here flat-rectangular, wherein the two flat sides of the switch 5 are vertically aligned. Flushing with the upper edge of the hydraulic switch 5, the boiler feed collector 3 is arranged on the flat side facing the observer. Flush with the lower edge of the hydraulic switch 5 is connected to this boiler return manifold 4. In this case, there is a distance between the boiler flow collector 3 and the boiler return manifold 4, whereby a direct thermal contact between the boiler flow collector. 3 and the boiler return manifold 4, which would lead to an undesirable heat transfer, is avoided.

At the boiler feed header 3, two boiler feed ports 32 are provided; On boiler return manifold 4, two boiler return ports 42 are provided. With these connections 32 and 42, the headers and returns of the two boilers, not shown here via pipes are connected.

With the in FIG. 1 Right, first end 50.1 of the hydraulic switch 5 are vertically one above the other a Heizkreisvorlaufanschluss 55 and a Heizkreisrücklaufanschluss 56 connected to which the pipes of one of the boilers to be supplied with heat energy heating circuit are connected.

The boiler feed header 3 and the boiler return manifold 4 are in the interior of the cascade unit 1 in an in FIG. 1 invisible manner with the hydraulic switch 5 and with the heating circuit flow connection 55 and Heizkreisrücklaufanschluss 56 in fluid communication.

During operation of an associated heating system, the boilers generate warm heat transport medium, usually water, which is combined via the boiler feed header 3 and directed to the heating circuit flow connection 55. Cooled heat transfer medium flowing back from the heating circuit passes through the heating circuit return connection 56 and the hydraulic separator 5 into the boiler return manifold 4, which distributes the heat transport medium back to the boilers for renewed heating.

As soon as between the boiler circuits on the one hand and the heating circuit on the other hand, the volume flows of the heat transfer medium are not balanced, resulting in the area of the hydraulic switch 5 a compensating flow.

In order to set up the cascade unit 1 in a boiler room, two feet 7 are attached to the cascade unit 1 here at a distance from each other. At the top of the cascade unit 1, two mounting brackets 17 are provided, which can also serve to attach the feet 7. These mounting brackets 17 are used when the cascade unit 1 according to FIG. 1 instead, as shown in the drawing, with the heating circuit flow channel pointing to the right. and Heizkreisrücklaufanschlüssen 55, 56, with left facing Heizkreisvorlauf- and Heizkreisrücklaufanschlüssen 55, 56 is used. The cascade unit 1 according to FIG. 1 To this end, it is symmetrically constructed in such a way that it has an unchanged arrangement of the boiler connections 32 and 42 after rotation about a horizontal axis of rotation 19 running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cascade unit 1 by 180 °, in which case only the function of flow and return is interchanged. The feet 7 can then be connected to the in FIG. 1 top mounting brackets 17 are mounted in order to set up the cascade unit 1 in the turned upside down position can.

As the FIG. 1 clearly shows, the cascade unit 1 has a very compact form, which greatly simplifies the logistics of manufacture to installation in a boiler room. The manufacture and application of thermal insulation is particularly simple in this cascade unit 1 by their compact design.

FIG. 2 shows the cascade unit 1 in a second embodiment in a perspective view with separate parts. In the left part of the FIG. 2 the hydraulic switch 5 is shown partially broken. In the right part of the FIG. 2 the boiler feed header 3 and the boiler return manifold 4 are shown.

Again, the hydraulic switch 5 consists of a flat-rectangular pipe section, the flat sides are aligned vertically and have a height H5. At the in FIG. 2 left front end 50.1 of the switch 5, the heating circuit flow connection 55 and the heating circuit return connection 56 are arranged. In the interior of the hydraulic separator 5, a partition wall 51 extends from the first front end 50. 1, which extends in the direction of the second front end 50. 2 and ends at a distance from this second front end 50. 2. The dividing wall 51 separates a feed region 53 of the switch 5 located above it from a return region 54 of the switch 5 below it. The region to the right of the free end of the dividing wall 51 is a soft core region, which lies in flow between the feed region 53 and the return region 54.

Above the free end of the partition 51, a shutter 57 is arranged in the switch 5. Between the lower edge of the aperture 57 and the free end of the Partition 51 is thus formed a defined passage 58.1, which forms a flow connection between the flow area 53 and the core region 52. Below the free end of the partition wall 51 is a passage 58.2, which is designed without a diaphragm and which connects the core portion 52 with the return region 54 in the interior of the switch 5.

At the viewer facing flat side of the switch 5 are each provided near the first end 50.1 a fluid connection 63 and 64 in the form of openings, which cooperate with congruently arranged fluid connections 63 in the boiler flow collector 3 and 64 in the boiler return manifold 4 in the assembled state of the cascade unit 1 , Through the fluid connection 63, the heat transport medium from the boiler flow collector 3 enters the flow area 53 of the switch 5 and from there through the heating circuit flow connection 55 into the heating circuit. Cooled heat transfer medium flowing back from the heating circuit passes through the heating circuit return connection 56 into the return region 54 of the switch 5 and out of this through the fluid connection 64 into the return manifold 4. From there, the heat transfer medium is again supplied to the boilers (not shown) for heating.

As already mentioned, the hydraulic switch 5 has a height H5. The boiler feed header 3 has a height H3 and the boiler return manifold 4 has a height H4. The sum of the heights H3 and H4 is smaller than the height H5, resulting in a free space at the top and bottom edge flush attachment of boiler flow collector 3 and boiler return manifold 4 to the hydraulic switch 5 between the collector 3 and 4 distributor.

If, during operation of a heating system with the cascade unit 1, the volume flows of the heat transfer medium in the boiler circuits on the one hand and in the heating circuit on the other hand are not balanced, that is not equal, results over the Weichenkernbereich 52 of the switch 5 a compensating flow through the passages 58.1 and 58.2. As a result, for example, a lack of heat transfer medium in the boilers do not occur.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the cascade unit 1 in a modular design, wherein the cascade unit 1 in FIG. 3 is designed for four boilers. It sets Here, the cascade unit 1 from a basic cascade module 10 and a cascade extension module 11 together.

The basic cascade module 10 essentially corresponds to the cascade unit 1, which in FIG FIG. 1 is shown and described. It is different that in the cascade basic module 10 in FIG. 3 at the remote from the Heizkreisvorlauf- and Heizkreisrücklaufanschlüssen 55 and 56 facing ends of boiler flow collector 3 and boiler return manifold 4, a connecting flange 13 is mounted. With the connecting flange 13, an arrangement of a further boiler flow collector 3 and boiler return manifold 4, which together form the cascade extension module 11 is connected. The two boiler flow collector 3 of basic module 10 and expansion module 11 are connected via the flange 13 and fluidly connected, as well as the two boiler return manifold 4 of base module 10 and extension module 11. The connecting flanges at the free end of the cascade unit are each sealed with a flange 13 'tightly.

The hydraulic switch 5 is here only part of the basic cascade module 10; the cascade extension module 11 does not require its own or additional hydraulic switch.

At the observer facing the front of the boiler flow collector 3 and boiler return manifold 4 each boiler inlet ports 32 and boiler return ports 42 are alternately mounted so that a total of four boilers can be connected to the cascade unit 1 here.

On the underside, several feet 7 are connected to the cascade unit 1, wherein here two feet 7 are provided under the basic cascade module 10, while under the cascade extension module 11, only one stand 7 is provided. In each case symmetrically to the feet 7 mounting brackets 17 are again provided on the top of the cascade base module 10 and the cascade extension module 11, which serve for alternative attachment of the feet 7, when the cascade unit 1 in a 180 ° about a horizontal, transverse to the longitudinal direction of the cascade unit. 1 extending axis of rotation rotated position is used. Again, the rotation of the cascade unit 1 only causes the heating circuit flow and the heating circuit return port 55, 56 instead of as in FIG. 3 shown, to the left, then to the right.

The FIGS. 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the cascade unit 1, in which the essential parts are detachably connected to each other to the cascade unit 1.

The cascade unit 1 comprises in the example according to FIG FIGS. 4 and 5 again the hydraulic switch 5. Deviating from the previous examples here 5 two boiler feed header 3 and two boiler return manifold 4 are connected to the hydraulic switch. The connections between the boiler feed header 3 and the hydraulic switch 5 and between the boiler return manifolds 4 and the hydraulic switch 5 are made via flange 12, which can be solved if necessary.

The hydraulic switch 5 has also seen here in cross section the shape of a flat, upright standing rectangle. The boiler feed header 3 and the boiler return manifold 4 have a substantially square cross-section, again the sum of the heights of boiler flow collector 3 and boiler return manifold 4 is smaller than the height of the hydraulic switch 5. Thus, here, the boiler flow collector 3 and the boiler return manifold 4 with each other have a distance, without that they protrude above the top or bottom of the hydraulic switch 5. In addition, and unlike the previous embodiments, in the cascade unit 1 according to the FIGS. 4 and 5 Also provided a clear distance between the boiler flow collectors 3 and the boiler return manifolds 4 on the one hand and the hydraulic switch 5 on the other. Thus, any unwanted heat exchange between the various parts of the cascade unit 1 is almost completely prevented.

In the FIG. 4 each lying on the right front ends of each of a pair of boiler flow collector 3 and boiler return manifold 4 are equipped with a connecting flange 13 to one or more cascade expansion modules in modular design, the FIG. 4 not shown to be able to start.

FIG. 5 shows in a rotated perspective view of the cut end portion of the cascade unit 1 from FIG. 4 whereby the position of the fluid connections 63 and 64 becomes clear. The fluid connections 63 connect the hydraulic switch 5 with the boiler flow collectors 3 and the connections 64 connect the hydraulic switch 5 with the boiler return manifolds 4. The fluid connections 63 and 64 lie in each case in the interior of the flange 12th

The FIGS. 6 and 7 show a cascade unit 1 in two different perspective views, which illustrate the symmetry of this cascade unit 1.

The cascade unit 1 here again has a hydraulic switch 5, which consists of a cross-sectionally flat-rectangular and upright standing pipe section. At the first end 50.1 of the heating circuit flow connection 55 and the heating circuit return connection 56 are arranged one above the other. On the top of the hydraulic switch 5 is a single boiler flow collector 3 with four upper-side boiler flow connections. With the lower edge of the hydraulic switch 5 flush two boiler return manifold 4 are arranged on the front and back, each having only two boiler return connections.

Like a comparison of FIGS. 6 and 7 By way of example, the cascade unit 1 can be rotated by a rotation about a vertical axis of rotation 19 running transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cascade unit 1 from an embodiment with left-lying heating circuit connections 55 and 56 (FIG. FIG. 6 ) in a design with right-side Heizkreisanschlüssen 55 and 56 (see FIG. 7 ). The boiler feed connections to the boiler feed header 3 and the boiler return connections to the two boiler return manifolds 4 are arranged so that even after rotation about the rotation axis 19 by 180 ° results in an identical connection diagram.

The hydraulic switch 5 is constructed in the interior according to the previously described examples.

FIG. 8 shows a modified embodiment of the hydraulic switch as a single part of a cascade unit in a perspective view. In this example of the switch 5, only the heating circuit return connection 56 is attached to its first end 50.1. The heating circuit supply connection 55 starts here from the rear flat side of the hydraulic separator 5 facing away from the viewer and is then guided over a 90 ° bend in a direction parallel to the heating circuit return connection 56. In this embodiment, therefore, the heating circuit flow connection 55 and the Heizkreisrücklaufanschluss 56 not vertically above each other, but with a small vertical offset side by side.

Furthermore, the example of the switch 5 in FIG. 8 a possible embodiment of the fluid connections 63 and 64 to the boiler flow collector 3 or boiler return manifold 4, not shown here. The fluid connections 63 and 64 are here in each case designed as rectangular openings in the viewer facing side of the switch 5 and surrounded by a frame-like web. With this frame-like web, the switch 5 engages in the collector 3 and distributor 4, not shown here, whereby in addition to the flow connection and a mechanical connection is created. For sealing is useful a weld.

The FIGS. 9 and 10 show a further embodiment of the cascade unit 1, which is again designed for two boilers. The hydraulic switch 5 also consists of a pipe section with a flat-rectangular cross section, but now the two flat sides of the hydraulic switch 5 are aligned horizontally. Here too, the heating element flow connection 55 and the heating circuit return connection 56 are attached to the first front end 50. 1 of the switch 5 which faces the viewer. At the bottom of the switch 5 two feet 7 are attached.

On the upper side of the hydraulic separator 5 are parallel and at a distance from each other, the boiler flow collector 3 and the boiler return manifold 4, both of which are each designed as a rectangular tube section with approximately square cross-section.

The width B5 of the hydraulic separator 5 measured horizontally transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cascade unit 1 is greater than the sum of the widths B3 of the collector 3 and B4 of the distributor 4 measured horizontally and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cascade unit 1. Thus, in the case of a collector 3 which is flush with the side edges and distributor 4 on the hydraulic switch 5 between the collector 3 and 4 distributor a free distance.

The boiler feed connections 32 are here mounted on the top of the boiler feed header 3; with longitudinal offset to the boiler return ports 42 are arranged on top of the boiler return manifold 42.

Because in FIG. 10 the left end of the cascade unit 1 is cut off, here the view into the interior of the cascade unit 1 is free. Here it is visible that, as already described above, the hydraulic switch 5 is divided in its interior by the partition wall 51 in a flow area 53 and a return area 54. In the here not visible rear, that is right part of the hydraulic switch 5 ends the partition 51, whereby here the Weichenkernbereich 52 is formed.

Furthermore, the shows FIG. 10 a part of the fluid connection 63 between the boiler flow collector 3 and the flow area 53 of the switch. 5

FIG. 11 shows a hydraulic switch 5 as part of a cascade unit per se in a perspective, partially broken view. The hydraulic switch 5 here again consists of a flat-rectangular pipe section whose flat sides are aligned horizontally. At the left-hand first front end 50.1, the heating circuit flow connection 55 and the heating circuit return connection 56 are arranged next to each other again.

Again, the interior of the hydraulic switch 5 is divided into a flow region 53, a return region 54 and a core region 52. However, this subdivision is not done here by the previously described partition, but by a pipe socket 51 '. The pipe socket 51 'extends from the first end 50.1 of the Heizkreisrücklaufanschluss 56 and extends it far into the interior of the switch 5 into close to the second, in FIG. 11 right-hand end 50.2 of the switch 5.

In addition to the pipe socket 51 ', a shutter 57' is arranged in the interior of the switch 5, which covers substantially the upper half of the cross section of the interior of the switch 5. As a result, a passage 58 'is formed below the aperture 57'. The area to the left of the panel 57 'is thus the lead-in area 53 of the switch 5. The area right from the free end of the pipe socket 51' is the return area 54 of the switch 5 and the middle area seen in the longitudinal direction of the switch 5 is the switch core area 52.

In the top of the switch 5, the two fluid connections 63 and 64 are still visible to the boiler flow collector and boiler return manifold, not shown here. The connection 63 starts from the flow area 53; the connection 64 lies in the return region 54 of the switch 5.

On the underside two feet 7 are here again connected to the switch 5.

The boiler feed header 3 and the boiler return manifold 4 are used to complete the cascade unit in the same way as in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 arranged on top of the switch 5.

The Figures 12 and 13 show two further embodiments of the cascade unit, for which it is characteristic that two mutually facing side walls 31 and 41 of boiler flow collector 3 and boiler return manifold 4 are each wave-shaped and parallel to each other and spaced apart. This creates the possibility of arranging the boiler feed connections 32 and the boiler return connections 42 on a common straight line on the top side of the cascade unit 1.

The hydraulic switch 5 forms the lower part of the cascade unit 1. The switch 5 is formed by a flat-rectangular pipe section, the flat sides are horizontal. The heating circuit flow connection 55 and the heating circuit return connection 56 are attached to the first front end 50. 1 of the switch 5. The collector 4 and the manifold 4 are adjacent to each other on the top of the switch 5 and have each other in the region of their undulating walls 31 and 41 a clearance.

In the example in FIG. 12 Four boilers can be connected to the cascade unit 1. The hydraulic switch 5 has seen in the longitudinal direction of the cascade unit 1, the same length as the boiler flow collector 3 and the boiler return manifold 4. Thus, the second front end 50.2 of Weice 5 is flush with the front ends of collector 3 and manifold. 4

In the example below FIG. 13 the hydraulic diverter 5 has a length which is less than the length of boiler feed header 3 and boiler return manifold 4, in the example shown about 50%. Thus, the right front end 50.2 of the switch 5 is located approximately in the region of the longitudinal center of the collector 3 and distributor 4 below them.

Also in the example in FIG. 13 the cascade unit 1 is designed for four boilers. By using the shorter hydraulic switch 5 material and manufacturing costs are saved, without having to be cut back in the function of the hydraulic switch 5.

Also with the two examples after the Figures 12 and 13 are each provided on the bottom of the cascade unit 1 two feet 7 for installation in a boiler room.

The FIGS. 14 and 15 show an embodiment of the cascade unit 1, can be supported on the associated boiler.

FIG. 14 initially shows only the cascade unit 1, which here has a structure that is essentially the structure of the cascade unit 1 according to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 equivalent. The only difference is that with the cascade unit 1 after FIG. 14 the two boiler feed header 3 and the two boiler return manifolds 4 each fixed, that is not connected via connecting flanges, with the hydraulic switch 5.

Near the two ends of the cascade unit 1, two mounting brackets 18 are attached to this upper side, the attachment of a boiler support frame 8 according to FIG. 15 serve. On the boiler support frame 8 can in the example after FIG. 15 a total of 4 boilers are attached hanging, with two pairs of boilers arranged back to back. Accordingly, a total of four pairs of boiler supply connections 32 and boiler return connections 42 are provided on the cascade unit 1 at the two collectors 3 and the two distributors 4. The hydraulic switch 5 corresponds in its structure and function of the basis of FIG. 2 described switch 5.

To set up in a boiler room here again serve two feet 7, which are mounted under the cascade unit 1.

FIG. 16 Finally, shows an example of a cascade unit 1, in which not only the boiler flow collector 3 and the boiler return manifold 4 to each other have a clearance, but they are also spaced in each case to the hydraulic switch 5. In this embodiment of the cascade unit 1, heat loss through heat conduction is largely avoided. The hydraulic switch 5 of the cascade unit 1 according to FIG. 16 can correspond to the hydraulic diverter 5, which in the FIG. 11 was shown and explained. The fluid connections 63 and 64 between the hydraulic switch 5 on the one hand and the boiler flow collector 3 and the boiler return manifold 4 on the other hand are designed so that they simultaneously take on a spacer function. At the respective end of the collector 3 and distributor 4 opposite the fluid connection 63 or 64, the desired distance to the hydraulic separator 5 is effected by means of a respective spacer 59, which at the same time forms a mechanical connection.

Under the cascade unit 1 again two feet 7 are attached to the installation.

Due to the clear distances between the collector 3 and 4 distributor and 5 switch can be filled with insulating material in a thermal insulation of the cascade unit 1, which provides both a very good thermal separation of collector 3, 4 distributor and switch 5 from each other and a good thermal isolation to the outside can be achieved with a simple shaping of the insulation.

Claims (31)

Cascade unit (1) for a heating system with two or more boilers, wherein the cascade unit (1) has at least one horizontally extending in the operating state boiler flow collector (3) and boiler return manifold (4), wherein the boiler flow collector (3) and the boiler return manifold (4) respectively equipped with prepared boiler connections (32, 42) arranged for a group of two or more boilers, for connecting the boiler feeders and the boiler return flows, the cascade unit (1) further comprising a hydraulic switch (5) which is connected to the boiler feed collector ( 3) and the boiler return manifold (4) and on the other hand with at least one heating circuit flow connection (55) and heating circuit return connection (56) is fluidly connected, and wherein the collector (3) and the manifold (4) and the hydraulic switch (5) together to a prefabricated structural unit are mechanically connected,
characterized, - That the hydraulic switch (5) in the operating state is arranged horizontally and parallel to the boiler flow collector (3) and the boiler return manifold (4) and - That the boiler flow collector (3) and the boiler return manifold (4) are spaced from each other and mechanically connected to the hydraulic switch (5). Cascade unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating circuit flow connection (55) and the heating circuit return connection (56) are both arranged at a first front end (50.1) of the hydraulic separator (5). Cascade unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the or each boiler flow collector (3) and the or each boiler return manifold (4) and the hydraulic switch (5) are each formed by a rectangular tube section. Cascade unit according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a respective boiler feed collector (3) and boiler return manifold (4), that the rectangular pipe section forming the hydraulic switch (5) has a height (H5) which is greater than the added heights (H3 and H5) H4) of boiler feed header (3) and boiler return manifold (4), and that the boiler feed header (3) and the boiler return manifold (4), preferably flush with the outer edge, are arranged on the front or the rear of the hydraulic switch (5). Cascade unit according to Claim 3, characterized in that it has a boiler feed collector (3) and boiler return manifold (4) each, that the rectangular pipe section forming the hydraulic separator (5) has a width (B5) which is greater than the added widths (B3 and B4) of boiler feed header (3) and boiler return manifold (4), and that the boiler feed header (3) and the boiler return manifold (4), preferably flush with the outside edge, are arranged on the top or the bottom of the hydraulic switch (5). Cascade unit according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a respective boiler feed collector (3) and boiler return manifold (4) that the rectangular pipe section forming the hydraulic switch (5) has a height (H5) equal to or greater than the height (H4 ) of the boiler return manifold (4) is that the boiler return manifold (4), preferably unterkantenbündig, at the front or rear of the hydraulic switch (5) is arranged and that the boiler flow collector (3), preferably outside edge flush, at the top of the hydraulic switch ( 5) is arranged. Cascade unit according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a boiler feed header (3) and two boiler return manifolds (4) such that the rectangular pipe section forming the hydraulic switch (5) has a height (H5) equal to or greater than the height (H4 ) of each boiler return manifold (4) is that the boiler return manifold (4), preferably flush-edged, are arranged at the front and the rear of the hydraulic switch (5) and that the boiler flow collector (3), preferably flush with the outer edge, is arranged on the upper side of the hydraulic switch (5). Cascade unit according to Claim 3, characterized in that it has two boiler feed headers (3) and one boiler return manifold (4), that the rectangular pipe section forming the hydraulic switch (5) has a width (B5) which is greater than the added widths (B3 and B4) depending on a boiler flow collector (3) and boiler return manifold (4), that the boiler flow collector (3), preferably outside edge flush, at the top or bottom of the hydraulic switch (5) are arranged and that the boiler return manifold (4) respectively, preferably outside edge flush , at the bottom or the top of the hydraulic switch (5) are arranged. Cascade unit according to Claim 3, characterized in that it comprises two boiler feed headers (3) and one boiler return manifold (4) each, such that the rectangular pipe section forming the hydraulic switch has a height (H5) which is greater than the added heights (H3 and H4) each a boiler flow collector (3) and boiler return manifold (4), that the boiler flow collector (3), preferably flush or bottom edges, both sides of the hydraulic switch (5) are arranged and that the boiler return manifold (4), preferably lower or upper edge flush, both sides are arranged laterally on the hydraulic switch (5). Cascade unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hydraulic switch (5) is formed by a rectangular pipe section and that the boiler flow collector (3) and the boiler return manifold (4) are formed by two parallel pipe sections, whose sides facing each other by a shaft - or zigzag-shaped wall (31, 41) are formed, wherein the two wave or zigzag-shaped walls (31, 41) are parallel and at a distance from each other. Cascade unit according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the boiler flow collector (3) and the hydraulic switch (5) surface are mechanically connected to each other and mechanically connected to each other and that the boiler return manifold (4) and the hydraulic switch (5) are adjacent to each other in area. Cascade unit according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the boiler feed header (3) and the hydraulic separator (5) are mechanically connected to one another at a distance between their mutually facing surfaces, and in that the boiler return manifold (4) and the hydraulic separator (5) are mechanically interconnected at a distance between their facing surfaces. Cascade unit according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the boiler connections (32, 42) for connecting the boiler feeds and the boiler return flows to the cascade unit (1) are arranged symmetrically in such a way that, after one rotation of the cascade unit (1) 180 ° about a transverse to the longitudinal direction of the cascade unit (1) horizontally or vertically extending axis of rotation (19) is identical to the output arrangement arrangement of the boiler connections (32, 42), but the Heizkreisvorlaufanschluss (55) and the Heizkreisrücklaufanschluss (56) at the other end the cascade unit (1) come to rest. Cascade unit according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the hydraulic switch (5) has a flow area (53), a return area (54) and a core region (52), these areas (52, 53, 54) fluidly with each other wherein the core core region (52) is fluidly connected between the flow region (53) and the return region (54) and wherein the flow region (53) is fluidly connected to the boiler flow collector (3) and the return region (54) is fluidly connected to the boiler return manifold (4) , Cascade unit according to Claim 14, characterized in that the subdivision of the hydraulic separator (5) is formed by a partition wall (51) which extends from the first front end (50.1) of the hydraulic separator (5) between the heating circuit supply connection (55) and the heating circuit return connection (56). starting in the direction of the second front end (50.2) of the hydraulic Soft (5) extends and ends at a distance from the second end face (50.2) of the hydraulic switch (5). Cascade unit according to claim 15, characterized in that at or near the end of the dividing wall (51) facing the second front end (50.2) of the hydraulic switch (5) there is an aperture (57) with a passage (58.1) between the inlet region (53) and the core core region (52) is arranged. Cascade unit according to Claim 14, characterized in that the subdivision of the hydraulic separator (5) is formed by a pipe socket (51 ') extending from the first end (51) of the hydraulic separator (5) either from the heating circuit supply connection (55) or from the heating circuit return connection (56) extends in the direction of the second front end (50.2) of the hydraulic switch (5) and ends at a distance in front of the second front end (50.2). Cascade unit according to claim 17, characterized in that at a distance from the first front end (50.1) of the hydraulic switch (5) has a diaphragm (57 ') with a passage (58') located in a lower switch region between the flow region (53) and the Core core region (52) is arranged. Cascade unit according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the fluid connection (63) between the hydraulic switch (5) and the boiler feed header (3) and the fluid connection (64) between the hydraulic switch (5) and the boiler return manifold ( 4) are each formed by outwardly sealed congruent openings in abutting or facing surface areas of hydraulic switch (5) on the one hand and boiler flow collector (3) and boiler return manifold (4) on the other. Cascade unit according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the heating circuit flow connection (55) has a smaller cross section than the boiler flow collector (3) and that the heating circuit return connection (56) has a smaller cross section than the boiler return manifold (4). Cascade unit according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the fluid connection (63) between the hydraulic switch (5) and the boiler flow collector (3) has a smaller cross-section than the boiler flow collector (3) and that the fluid connection (64) between the hydraulic switch (5) and the boiler return manifold (4) has a smaller cross section than the boiler return manifold (4). Cascade unit according to Claim 16 or 18, characterized in that the fluid connection (63) between the hydraulic separator (5) and the boiler feed collector (3) has a cross section which is greater than or equal to the cross section of the passage (58.1, 58 '). ) between the lead-in area (53) and the core portion (52) of the hydraulic switch (5), and that the fluid connection (64) between the hydraulic switch (5) and the boiler return manifold (4) has a cross-section greater than or equal to large as the cross-section of the passage (58.2) between the return area (54) and the Weichenkernbereich (52) of the hydraulic switch (5). Cascade unit according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the mechanical connections between the or each boiler flow collector (3) and the or each boiler return manifold (4) on the one hand and the hydraulic switch (5) on the other hand welded joints. Cascade unit according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the mechanical connections between the or each boiler supply collector (3) and the or each boiler return manifold (4) on the one hand and the hydraulic shunt (5) on the other flange (12). Cascade unit according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the boiler flow collector (3) and the boiler return manifold (4) have the same length and that the hydraulic switch (5) has a length which is less than or equal to the length of boiler feed header (3) and boiler return manifold (4). Cascade unit according to one of Claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the hydraulic separator (5), the boiler feed collector (3) and the boiler return manifold or distributors (4) are profiled or bent parts made of steel or coated steel or stainless steel. Cascade unit according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the cascade unit (1) on the underside or top and bottom mounting brackets (17) for feet (7). Cascade unit according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that comprising the cascade unit (1) on the upper side or the top and bottom mounting brackets (18) for one or more boiler supporting frames (8). Cascade unit according to one of claims 2 to 28, characterized in that it consists of a cascade basic module (10) with a hydraulic separator (5) and with at least one boiler flow collector (3) and boiler return manifold (4) and that the basic cascade module (10 ) has at least one connecting flange (13) at its front end (50.2) remote from the heating circuit supply connection (55) and the heating circuit return connection (56), via which a cascade extension module (11) can be connected to the basic cascade module (10), which at least one boiler flow collector (3) and boiler return manifold (4), but no hydraulic switch. Cascade unit according to claim 29, characterized in that the cascade extension module (11) has two front ends, each with at least one connecting flange (13). Use of the cascade unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 27 as a heating circuit distributor for a heating system with two or more heating circuits, wherein the boiler connections (32, 42) used as Heizkreisanschlüsse and the Heizkreisanschlüsse (55, 56) are used as boiler connections.

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