EP2230570A2 - Lightened and reinforced timepiece element - Google Patents

Lightened and reinforced timepiece element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2230570A2
EP2230570A2 EP10001836A EP10001836A EP2230570A2 EP 2230570 A2 EP2230570 A2 EP 2230570A2 EP 10001836 A EP10001836 A EP 10001836A EP 10001836 A EP10001836 A EP 10001836A EP 2230570 A2 EP2230570 A2 EP 2230570A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
timepiece according
skeletal structure
arms
wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10001836A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Kilian Eisenegger
Djevad Muminovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mhvj Manufacture Horlogere Vallee De Joux
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Mhvj Manufacture Horlogere Vallee De Joux
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Publication of EP2230570A2 publication Critical patent/EP2230570A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B5/00—Automatic winding up
    • G04B5/02—Automatic winding up by self-winding caused by the movement of the watch
    • G04B5/16—Construction of the weights
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/021—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/021—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft
    • G04B13/022—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft with parts made of hard material, e.g. silicon, diamond, sapphire, quartz and the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of watchmaking, and relates to a component of a timepiece comprising a lightened and reinforced structure.
  • this watch component advantageously replaces the traditional components of the regulating member of a watch, namely the escape wheel, the anchor and the balance.
  • the parts made by GFD are obtained by a method of first making a diamond plate more commonly called "wafer" in the desired thickness by means of CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) technology. Then, unnecessary parts of the wafer are removed using plasma methods and precision templates. The piece is shaped in the mass. The parts obtained by this technique make it possible to reach a thickness of the order of 0.15 mm.
  • CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • W02004029733 explicitly discloses various watch components at least a portion of which, having a contact surface difficult to lubricate, is made of natural or synthetic diamond.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a component of a timepiece having a lightened and reinforced mechanical structure, this structure possibly also being in a material other than silicon such as steel or synthetic materials such as than the ruby.
  • this object is achieved by means of a component of a timepiece or watch component according to claim 1.
  • This component is chosen from an escapement wheel, a balance wheel, an anchor, a wheel of a gear train, and an oscillating weight.
  • the watch component comprises a perforated structure of a thickness E.
  • This structure more commonly called skeletal structure, is provided with a plurality of recesses distributed through said structure so that each recess is separated from an adjacent recess by a wall. said stiffener.
  • the width of each stiffener of the skeletal structure is substantially identical and the ratio between the thickness E of said structure and the width ( l ) of each stiffener is between 1 ⁇ 4 and 1.
  • the subject of the invention is also an escapement advantageously comprising an escape wheel, an anchor and / or a balance wheel each comprising a skeletal structure.
  • An exhaust comprising each of these three parts allows a performance gain of greater than 10% compared to a traditional exhaust.
  • the invention further relates to a method of fixing a clock wheel on an axis and more particularly an escape wheel on an exhaust pinion.
  • the escape wheel 1 has according to the Figure 1 and 2 , comprises four curved arms 4 equidistant from 90 ° relative to each other, a serge 5 and a toothing 5 '.
  • the four arms 4, the serge 5 and the toothing 5 'of the escape wheel 1a consist of a so-called skeletal openwork structure.
  • This skeletal structure comprises a multitude of recesses 2 of triangular shape and distributed through said structure so that each recess 2 is separated from an adjacent recess 2 'by a wall 3 called stiffener.
  • the width of each stiffener 3 of the skeletal structure is substantially identical.
  • each recess 2 has been determined in order to obtain a structure having an optimal ratio between the weight of the workpiece and its mechanical strength.
  • the armature as represented by the Figure 1 and 2 provides optimum mechanical strength when the thickness of the escape wheel 1a is about three times the width 1 of each stiffener 3.
  • most angles of the triangular recesses 2 are rounded to minimize the mechanical stresses on the escape wheel 1a.
  • about half of the triangular recesses 2 on the serge 5 have one of their sides adjacent and substantially parallel to a portion of the inner periphery of the serge 5 so as to form a stiffener 3 of geometry substantially identical to the other stiffeners 3 of the wheel 1 a.
  • each triangular recess 2 located on the arms 4 of the escape wheel 1 also has one of its sides adjacent and substantially parallel to a portion of one of the two sides of said arms 4 to form a geometry stiffener 3 substantially identical to the other stiffeners 3.
  • each tooth 5 'of the escape wheel 1 has a triangular recess 2.
  • This escape wheel calls for different techniques that depend on the material used.
  • This escape wheel may for example be made of steel or a synthetic material obtained by a process of micromachining a blank of an escape wheel by laser cutting.
  • the escape wheel may also be silicon having a diamond coating.
  • the silicon escape wheel is obtained by a DRIE (Deep reactive-ion) type etching process. etching).
  • An escape wheel 1a obtained by these manufacturing processes offers several advantages.
  • the following table gives comparative data of an escape wheel 1a according to the invention with respect to a traditional (non-recessed) escape wheel as a function of the material used and the thickness of the wheel 1a.
  • the data in the first row of this table corresponds to a traditional unreflected escape wheel (standard part) while the data in the following lines relate to escape wheels 1 and recessed according to the embodiment of the present invention as illustrated in FIG. Figure 1 and 2 , of different thicknesses.
  • the steel skeleton structure of the escapement wheel 1a makes it possible to obtain thicknesses as small as 0.07mm, which significantly reduces the moment of inertia of the wheel 1a and its weight by more than 50% relative to traditional escape wheel. This reduction of inertia makes it possible to reduce the energy necessary to set the escape wheel 1 a in motion. This small thickness also makes it possible to reduce friction with the pallets of the anchor without the need for a bevel usually made on the thicker escapement wheels in order to reduce the height of the friction surface, in particular. the occurrence on the impulse plan.
  • silicon is also interesting in view of its low density.
  • the mechanical strength of silicon is not as high as that of steel.
  • An escape wheel with a thickness of 0.15mm can nevertheless be made of silicon.
  • a coating of a thin diamond layer of a few microns is then deposited on the wheel by a CVD process in order to improve its mechanical strength.
  • a 0.07mm thick steel escapement wheel or a 0.15mm thick silicon wheel can not be mounted on an exhaust pinion 9 by conventional methods used by those skilled in the art . Indeed, the riveting of the steel wheel 0.07 mm thick on the exhaust pinion 9 is no longer possible since the deformation of the escape wheel 1a would be too important while the weak coefficient of elasticity of silicon and diamond does not lend itself to this type of fixation either. Therefore, different fastening methods have been studied for fixing the escape wheel 1a on the exhaust pinion 9.
  • the attachment of an exhaust wheel 1a steel on the exhaust pinion 9 can be performed by different methods.
  • One of them consists in producing in place of the hub an opening 9a, 9 whose shape is an equidistant triangle 9a or a hexagon 9b intended to receive by driving the axis of the escape pinion 9 ( Figures 4 and 5
  • the steel escape wheel 1a can also be fixed to the exhaust pinion 9 by laser welding at three points preferably equidistant from 120 ° around the pinion 9 ( Figure 7 ).
  • Another method is to fix the escape wheel 1a on the axis of the exhaust pinion 9 by hooping.
  • other components of a timepiece comprise a skeletal structure similar to that of the escape wheel 1a.
  • the figure 8 illustrates an anchor 1c having a rod 6, an inlet arm 7 and an output arm 8 entirely made of the skeletal structure, said structure having recesses 2 of substantially triangular shape.
  • the figure 9 illustrates a balance 1b comprising two arms 4 integrally constituted by the skeletal structure provided with the recesses 2 of triangular shape. These two arms are diametrically opposed and extend from the pivot axis of the balance 1b and whose outer ends are connected to the wheel 5 of the balance 1b.
  • the ratio between the thickness of the arms 4 and the width of each stiffener 3 corresponds approximately to three.
  • the Figure 10 illustrates a variant of a balance 1b whose arms 4, which are four in number, are similar to the arms of the escape wheel 1a according to the Figure 1 .
  • the Figure 11 illustrates another variant of a pendulum.
  • the thickness of the flywheel 5 is preferably at least three times the thickness of the arms 4 skeletal structure.
  • An escapement comprising the escape wheel 1a, the anchor 1c and the balance 1b comprising the skeletal structure as defined by the present invention allows a gain in efficiency greater than 10% that a traditional exhaust.
  • This skeletal structure can also be transposed to an oscillating mass as illustrated by the Figure 12 in order to move the center of gravity of the mass towards its periphery while keeping a great rigidity of the piece.
  • This skeletal structure comprises a connecting portion for connecting the mass sector 10 to the pivot axis.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Abstract

The component e.g. escape wheel (1a) and pallet (1c), has an open-work skeletal structure with recesses (2) distributed through the structure such that each recess is separated from an adjacent recess (2') by a rigidifier (3), where the component is made of steel, synthetic material such as ruby, or silicon having a coating in hard material such as diamond. Widths of the rigidifiers are identical, where a ratio between a thickness (E) of the skeletal structure and the width of each rigidifier is comprised between 0.2 to 1. Two arms are constituted by the skeletal structure. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) a method for fabricating a component of a timepiece (2) a method for assembling a component of a timepiece.

Description

La présente invention est relative au domaine de l'horlogerie, et concerne un composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie comportant une structure allégée et renforcée. En particulier, ce composant horloger remplace avantageusement les composants traditionnels de l'organe régulateur d'une montre, à savoir la roue d'échappement, l'ancre et le balancier.The present invention relates to the field of watchmaking, and relates to a component of a timepiece comprising a lightened and reinforced structure. In particular, this watch component advantageously replaces the traditional components of the regulating member of a watch, namely the escape wheel, the anchor and the balance.

La fabrication de composants de pièces d'horlogerie allégés et renforcés ont déjà fait l'objet de recherches approfondies. La société GFD Gesellschaft für Diamantprodukte GmbH (GFD) par exemple est une entreprise spécialisée en matière de micro-structuration du diamant offrant toute une gamme de micro-composant notamment dans l'industrie horlogère. Cette société fabrique en particulier des composants horlogers entièrement en diamant et des pièces en silicium recouvertes d'une couche de diamant.The production of lightened and reinforced timepiece components has already been the subject of extensive research. GFD Gesellschaft für Diamantprodukte GmbH (GFD), for example, specializes in diamond micro-structuring with a range of micro-components, particularly in the watch industry. This company manufactures, in particular, watch components made entirely of diamond and silicon parts coated with a diamond layer.

L'utilisation du diamant permet de fabriquer des composants horlogers légers qui présentent, par rapport aux composants traditionnels, des propriétés mécaniques supérieures, un coefficient de frottement bien meilleur et une usure moins élevée. Ce choix de matériau permet ainsi d'améliorer de manière significative le rendement.The use of diamond makes it possible to manufacture lightweight watch components which have, compared with traditional components, superior mechanical properties, a much better coefficient of friction and lower wear. This choice of material thus makes it possible to significantly improve the yield.

Les pièces réalisées par GFD sont obtenues par une méthode consistant à fabriquer en premier lieu une plaque de diamant plus communément appelée "wafer" dans l'épaisseur désirée au moyen de la technologie CVD (Chemical Vapour Deposition). Puis, les parties inutiles du wafer sont retirées à l'aide des méthodes plasma et des gabarits de précision. La pièce est donc façonnée dans la masse. Les pièces obtenues par cette technique permettent d'atteindre une épaisseur de l'ordre de 0,15 mm.The parts made by GFD are obtained by a method of first making a diamond plate more commonly called "wafer" in the desired thickness by means of CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) technology. Then, unnecessary parts of the wafer are removed using plasma methods and precision templates. The piece is shaped in the mass. The parts obtained by this technique make it possible to reach a thickness of the order of 0.15 mm.

W02004029733 divulgue explicitement divers composants horlogers dont au moins une partie, possédant une surface de contact difficile à lubrifier, est en diamant naturel ou synthétique. W02004029733 explicitly discloses various watch components at least a portion of which, having a contact surface difficult to lubricate, is made of natural or synthetic diamond.

Néanmoins, la structure géométrique de ces pièces n'est pas homogène, celles-ci étant par ailleurs essentiellement en silicium et diamant obtenus par un procédé CVD.Nevertheless, the geometric structure of these parts is not homogeneous, these being otherwise essentially made of silicon and diamond obtained by a CVD process.

Le but de la présente invention est donc de proposer un composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie présentant une structure mécanique allégée et renforcée, cette structure pouvant par ailleurs être dans un matériau autre que le silicium tel que l'acier ou des matériaux synthétiques tel que le rubis.The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a component of a timepiece having a lightened and reinforced mechanical structure, this structure possibly also being in a material other than silicon such as steel or synthetic materials such as than the ruby.

Conformément à l'invention, ce but est atteint grâce à un composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie ou composant horloger selon la revendication 1. Ce composant est choisi parmi une roue d'échappement, un balancier, une ancre, une roue d'un train de rouages, et une masse oscillante. Le composant horloger comporte une structure ajourée d'une épaisseur E. Cette structure, plus communément appelée structure squelettique, est pourvue de plusieurs évidements repartis au travers de ladite structure de manière à ce que chaque évidement soit séparé d'un évidement adjacent par une paroi dite rigidificateur. La largeur de chaque rigidificateur de la structure squelettique est sensiblement identique et le rapport entre l'épaisseur E de ladite structure et la largeur (l) de chaque rigidificateur est compris entre ¼ et 1.According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of a component of a timepiece or watch component according to claim 1. This component is chosen from an escapement wheel, a balance wheel, an anchor, a wheel of a gear train, and an oscillating weight. The watch component comprises a perforated structure of a thickness E. This structure, more commonly called skeletal structure, is provided with a plurality of recesses distributed through said structure so that each recess is separated from an adjacent recess by a wall. said stiffener. The width of each stiffener of the skeletal structure is substantially identical and the ratio between the thickness E of said structure and the width ( l ) of each stiffener is between ¼ and 1.

L'invention a également pour objet un échappement comportant avantageusement une roue d'échappement, une ancre et/ ou un balancier comportant chacun une structure squelettique. Un échappement comportant chacune de ces trois pièces permet un gain de rendement supérieur à 10 % par rapport à un échappement traditionnel.The subject of the invention is also an escapement advantageously comprising an escape wheel, an anchor and / or a balance wheel each comprising a skeletal structure. An exhaust comprising each of these three parts allows a performance gain of greater than 10% compared to a traditional exhaust.

L'invention a en outre pour objet une méthode de fixation d'une roue d'horlogerie sur un axe et plus particulièrement une roue d'échappement sur un pignon d'échappement.The invention further relates to a method of fixing a clock wheel on an axis and more particularly an escape wheel on an exhaust pinion.

Les caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture d'une description de plusieurs variantes d'exécution données uniquement à titre d'exemples, nullement limitatives en se référant aux figures schématiques, dans lesquelles:

  • La Figure 1 représente une vue en perspective de dessus d'une roue d'échappement et d'une ancre suisse selon l'invention,
  • La Figure 2 représente une vue en plan de la roue d'échappement de la Figure 1,
  • La Figure 3 représente une vue en perspective de dessous de la roue d'échappement de la Figure 1 montée sur un pignon d'échappement,
  • La Figure 4 représente une vue en plan d'une roue d'échappement avec un moyeu de forme triangulaire,
  • La Figure 5 représente une vue en plan d'une roue d'échappement avec un moyeu de forme hexagonale,
  • La Figure 6 représente une vue en perspective de dessous d'un système de fixation d'une roue d'échappement en silicium au pignon d'échappement,
  • La Figure 7 représente une méthode de fixation pour une roue d'échappement préférablement en acier,
  • La Figure 8 représente une vue en plan de l'ancre suisse de la Figure 1.
  • La Figure 9 représente une vue en plan d'un balancier selon l'invention,
  • La Figure 10 représente une vue en perspective de dessus d'un balancier selon une variante d'exécution de l'invention,
  • La Figure 11 représente une vue en perspective de dessus d'un balancier selon une deuxième variante d'exécution de l'invention.
  • La Figure 12 représente une vue en plan d'une masse oscillante selon une troisième variante de l'invention.
The characteristics of the invention will appear more clearly on reading a description of several variant embodiments given solely by way of examples, in no way limiting with reference to the schematic figures, in which:
  • The Figure 1 represents a perspective view from above of an escape wheel and a Swiss anchor according to the invention,
  • The Figure 2 represents a plan view of the escape wheel of the Figure 1 ,
  • The Figure 3 represents a perspective view from below of the escape wheel of the Figure 1 mounted on an exhaust pinion,
  • The Figure 4 represents a plan view of an escape wheel with a triangular-shaped hub,
  • The Figure 5 represents a plan view of an escape wheel with a hub of hexagonal shape,
  • The Figure 6 is a perspective view from below of a system for attaching a silicon escape wheel to the exhaust pinion,
  • The Figure 7 represents a fastening method for an escape wheel preferably made of steel,
  • The Figure 8 represents a plan view of the Swiss anchor from the Figure 1 .
  • The Figure 9 represents a plan view of a balance according to the invention,
  • The Figure 10 represents a perspective view from above of a balance according to an alternative embodiment of the invention,
  • The Figure 11 is a perspective view from above of a balance according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • The Figure 12 represents a plan view of an oscillating mass according to a third variant of the invention.

Selon le mode d'exécution préférentiel de l'invention, la roue d'échappement 1 a selon la Figure 1 et 2, comporte quatre bras courbés 4 équidistants de 90°les uns par rapport aux autres, une serge 5 et une denture 5'. Les quatre bras 4, la serge 5 et la denture 5' de la roue d'échappement 1 a sont constitués d'une structure ajourée dite squelettique. Cette structure squelettique comporte une multitude d'évidements 2 de forme triangulaire et repartis au travers de ladite structure de manière à ce que chaque évidement 2 soit séparé d'un évidement adjacent 2' par une paroi 3 dite rigidificateur. La largeur de chaque rigidificateur 3 de la structure squelettique est sensiblement identique.According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the escape wheel 1 has according to the Figure 1 and 2 , comprises four curved arms 4 equidistant from 90 ° relative to each other, a serge 5 and a toothing 5 '. The four arms 4, the serge 5 and the toothing 5 'of the escape wheel 1a consist of a so-called skeletal openwork structure. This skeletal structure comprises a multitude of recesses 2 of triangular shape and distributed through said structure so that each recess 2 is separated from an adjacent recess 2 'by a wall 3 called stiffener. The width of each stiffener 3 of the skeletal structure is substantially identical.

La forme, la position et l'orientation de chaque évidemment 2 les uns par rapport aux autres ont été déterminés afin d'obtenir une structure présentant un ratio optimal entre le poids de la pièce et sa résistance mécanique. A cet effet, l'armature telle que représentée par la Figure 1 et 2 permet d'obtenir une résistance mécanique optimale lorsque l'épaisseur de la roue d'échappement 1 a est environ trois fois la largeur 1 de chaque rigidificateur 3. Précisons que la plupart des angles des évidements triangulaires 2 sont arrondis afin de réduire au maximum les contraintes mécaniques sur la roue d'échappement 1a. Par ailleurs, environ la moitié des évidements triangulaires 2 situés sur la serge 5 ont un de leurs côtés adjacent et sensiblement parallèle à une partie du pourtour interne de la serge 5 de manière à former un rigidificateur 3 de géométrie sensiblement identique aux autres rigidificateurs 3 de la roue 1 a. En outre, chaque évidement triangulaire 2 situé sur les bras 4 de la roue d'échappement 1 a a également un de ses cotés adjacent et sensiblement parallèle à une partie de l'un des deux flancs desdits bras 4 afin de former une rigidificateur 3 de géométrie sensiblement identique aux autres rigidificateurs 3. Enfin chaque dent 5' de la roue d'échappement 1 a comporte un évidement triangulaire 2.The shape, position and orientation of each recess 2 relative to each other have been determined in order to obtain a structure having an optimal ratio between the weight of the workpiece and its mechanical strength. For this purpose, the armature as represented by the Figure 1 and 2 provides optimum mechanical strength when the thickness of the escape wheel 1a is about three times the width 1 of each stiffener 3. Note that most angles of the triangular recesses 2 are rounded to minimize the mechanical stresses on the escape wheel 1a. Furthermore, about half of the triangular recesses 2 on the serge 5 have one of their sides adjacent and substantially parallel to a portion of the inner periphery of the serge 5 so as to form a stiffener 3 of geometry substantially identical to the other stiffeners 3 of the wheel 1 a. In addition, each triangular recess 2 located on the arms 4 of the escape wheel 1 also has one of its sides adjacent and substantially parallel to a portion of one of the two sides of said arms 4 to form a geometry stiffener 3 substantially identical to the other stiffeners 3. Finally, each tooth 5 'of the escape wheel 1 has a triangular recess 2.

La fabrication de cette roue d'échappement fait appelle à différentes techniques qui dépendent du matériau utilisé. Cette roue d'échappement peut par exemple être en acier ou en un matériau synthétique obtenu par un procédé de micro-usinage d'une ébauche d'une roue d'échappement par découpage au laser.The manufacture of this escape wheel calls for different techniques that depend on the material used. This escape wheel may for example be made of steel or a synthetic material obtained by a process of micromachining a blank of an escape wheel by laser cutting.

La roue d'échappement peut aussi être en silicium comportant un revêtement en diamant. Dans cette configuration, la roue d'échappement en silicium est obtenue par un procédé de gravure du type DRIE (Deep reactive-ion etching). Une roue d'échappement 1a obtenue par ces procédés de fabrication offre plusieurs avantages.The escape wheel may also be silicon having a diamond coating. In this configuration, the silicon escape wheel is obtained by a DRIE (Deep reactive-ion) type etching process. etching). An escape wheel 1a obtained by these manufacturing processes offers several advantages.

Le tableau ci-après expose des données comparatives d'une roue d'échappement 1a selon l'invention par rapport à une roue d'échappement traditionnelle (non évidée) en fonction du matériau utilisé et de l'épaisseur de la roue 1 a. Les données figurant dans la première ligne de ce tableau correspondent à une roue d'échappement traditionnelle non évidée (pièce étalon) tandis que les données figurant dans les lignes suivantes sont relatives à des roues d'échappement 1 a évidées selon la forme d'exécution préférentielle de la présente invention telle qu'illustrée à la Figure 1 et 2, d'épaisseurs différentes. Matériau Epaisseur Masse Volumique Masse Inertie Gain en poids Acier 0.12mm 7,85 Kg/dm3 5,41 E-03 g 8.03E-03 g•mm2 0% Acier 0.12mm 7,85 Kg/dm3 4,37E-03 g 6.30E-03 g•mm2 - 20% Acier 0.10 mm 7,85 Kg/dm3 3,64E-03 g 5.25E-03 g•mm2 - 33% Acier 0.08 mm 7,85 Kg/dm3 2,92E-03 g 4.20E-03 g•mm2 -47% Acier 0.07 mm 7,85 Kg/dm3 2,55E-03 g 3.68E-03 g•mm2 -53% Silicium 0.15 mm 2,33 Kg/dm3 1,67E-03 g 2.46E-03 g•mm2 -70% The following table gives comparative data of an escape wheel 1a according to the invention with respect to a traditional (non-recessed) escape wheel as a function of the material used and the thickness of the wheel 1a. The data in the first row of this table corresponds to a traditional unreflected escape wheel (standard part) while the data in the following lines relate to escape wheels 1 and recessed according to the embodiment of the present invention as illustrated in FIG. Figure 1 and 2 , of different thicknesses. Material Thickness Volumic mass Mass Inertia Gain in weight Steel 0.12mm 7.85 Kg / dm 3 5.41 E-03 g 8.03E-03 g • mm 2 0% Steel 0.12mm 7.85 Kg / dm 3 4.37E-03 g 6.30E-03 g • mm 2 - 20% Steel 0.10 mm 7.85 Kg / dm 3 3.64E-03 g 5.25E-03 g • mm 2 - 33% Steel 0.08 mm 7.85 Kg / dm 3 2.92E-03 g 4.20E-03 g • mm 2 -47% Steel 0.07 mm 7.85 Kg / dm 3 2,55E-03 g 3.68E-03 g • mm 2 -53% Silicon 0.15 mm 2.33 Kg / dm 3 1.67E-03 g 2.46E-03 g • mm 2 -70%

La structure squelettique en acier de la roue d'échappement 1 a permet d'obtenir des épaisseurs aussi infimes que 0.07mm ce qui permet de réduire significativement le moment d'inertie de la roue 1 a et son poids de plus de 50% par rapport à roue d'échappement traditionnelle. Cette diminution d'inertie permet de diminuer l'énergie nécessaire à la mise en mouvement de la roue d'échappement 1 a. Cette faible épaisseur permet en outre de diminuer les frottements avec les palettes de l'ancre sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'effectuer un biseau habituellement réalisé sur les roues d'échappements plus épaisses afin de diminuer la hauteur de la surface de friction, en l'occurrence sur le plan d'impulsion.The steel skeleton structure of the escapement wheel 1a makes it possible to obtain thicknesses as small as 0.07mm, which significantly reduces the moment of inertia of the wheel 1a and its weight by more than 50% relative to traditional escape wheel. This reduction of inertia makes it possible to reduce the energy necessary to set the escape wheel 1 a in motion. This small thickness also makes it possible to reduce friction with the pallets of the anchor without the need for a bevel usually made on the thicker escapement wheels in order to reduce the height of the friction surface, in particular. the occurrence on the impulse plan.

L'utilisation du silicium est également intéressante au vu de sa faible masse volumique. Toutefois, la résistance mécanique du silicium n'est pas aussi élevée que celle de l'acier. Une roue d'échappement d'une épaisseur de 0,15mm peut néanmoins être fabriquée en silicium. Un revêtement d'une fine couche de diamant de quelques microns est ensuite déposé sur la roue par un procédé CVD afin d'en améliorer sa résistance mécanique.The use of silicon is also interesting in view of its low density. However, the mechanical strength of silicon is not as high as that of steel. An escape wheel with a thickness of 0.15mm can nevertheless be made of silicon. A coating of a thin diamond layer of a few microns is then deposited on the wheel by a CVD process in order to improve its mechanical strength.

Une roue d'échappement en acier de 0,07mm d'épaisseur ou une roue en silicium de 0,15 mm d'épaisseur ne peuvent pas être montées sur un pignon d'échappement 9 par les méthodes traditionnelles utilisées par l'homme du métier. En effet, le rivetage de la roue en acier de 0,07 mm d'épaisseur sur le pignon d'échappement 9 n'est plus possible étant donné que la déformation de la roue d'échappement 1 a serait trop importante alors que le faible coefficient d'élasticité du silicium et du diamant ne se prête pas non plus à ce type de fixation. Dès lors, différentes méthodes de fixation ont été étudiées pour la fixation de la roue d'échappement 1a sur le pignon d'échappement 9.A 0.07mm thick steel escapement wheel or a 0.15mm thick silicon wheel can not be mounted on an exhaust pinion 9 by conventional methods used by those skilled in the art . Indeed, the riveting of the steel wheel 0.07 mm thick on the exhaust pinion 9 is no longer possible since the deformation of the escape wheel 1a would be too important while the weak coefficient of elasticity of silicon and diamond does not lend itself to this type of fixation either. Therefore, different fastening methods have been studied for fixing the escape wheel 1a on the exhaust pinion 9.

La fixation d'une roue d'échappement 1 a en acier sur le pignon d'échappement 9 peut être effectuée par différentes méthodes. L'une d'elles consiste à réaliser en lieu et place du moyeu une ouverture 9a, 9 dont la forme est un triangle équidistant 9a ou un hexagone 9b destinée à recevoir par chassage l'axe du pignon d'échappement 9 (Figures 4 et 5).La roue d'échappement 1 a en acier peut également être fixée au pignon d'échappement 9 par soudage laser en trois points préférablement équidistant de 120°autour du pignon 9 (Figure 7). Une autre méthode consiste à fixer la roue d'échappement 1 a sur l'axe du pignon d'échappement 9 par frettage.The attachment of an exhaust wheel 1a steel on the exhaust pinion 9 can be performed by different methods. One of them consists in producing in place of the hub an opening 9a, 9 whose shape is an equidistant triangle 9a or a hexagon 9b intended to receive by driving the axis of the escape pinion 9 ( Figures 4 and 5 The steel escape wheel 1a can also be fixed to the exhaust pinion 9 by laser welding at three points preferably equidistant from 120 ° around the pinion 9 ( Figure 7 ). Another method is to fix the escape wheel 1a on the axis of the exhaust pinion 9 by hooping.

Ces méthodes de fixation ne sont néanmoins pas applicables au silicium. Pour une roue d'échappement 1 a en silicium, des moyens d'assemblage et de fixation tels qu'illustrés par la Figure 6 sont avantageusement utilisés. La roue en silicium 1 a est ajustée dans un premier temps autour de l'axe du pignon d'échappement 9 contre la butée axiale de l'extrémité du pignon. Une rondelle 9c, préférablement en Délrin ®, est ensuite chassée sur l'axe du pignon 9 et collée contre la partie centrale de la roue d'échappement 1a pour assurer une parfaite solidarité entre ladite roue 1 a et ledit pignon 9.These attachment methods are however not applicable to silicon. For an escape wheel 1a made of silicon, assembly and fixing means as illustrated by the Figure 6 are advantageously used. The silicon wheel 1a is first adjusted around the axis of the exhaust pinion 9 against the axial abutment of the end of the pinion. A washer 9c, preferably in Delrin ®, is then driven on the axis of the pinion 9 and glued against the central part of the escape wheel 1a to ensure perfect solidarity between said wheel 1a and said pinion 9.

Selon les formes d'exécution particulières de la présente invention telles que définies dans les sous-revendications, d'autres composants d'une pièce d'horlogerie comportent une structure squelettique similaire à celle de la roue d'échappement 1 a.According to the particular embodiments of the present invention as defined in the subclaims, other components of a timepiece comprise a skeletal structure similar to that of the escape wheel 1a.

Pour exemple, la figure 8 illustre une ancre 1c comportant une baguette 6, un bras d'entrée 7 et un bras de sortie 8 entièrement constitués de la structure squelettique, ladite structure comportant des évidements 2 de forme essentiellement triangulaire.For example, the figure 8 illustrates an anchor 1c having a rod 6, an inlet arm 7 and an output arm 8 entirely made of the skeletal structure, said structure having recesses 2 of substantially triangular shape.

La figure 9, 10 et 11 quant-à-elles, illustrent plusieurs variantes d'un balancier 1b à structure squelettique. La figure 9 illustre un balancier 1b comportant deux bras 4 intégralement constitués de la structure squelettique pourvue des évidements 2 de forme triangulaire. Ces deux bras sont diamétralement opposés et s'étendent à partir de l'axe de pivotement du balancier 1b et dont les extrémités externes sont connectées au volant 5 du balancier 1b. Avantageusement, le rapport entre l'épaisseur des bras 4 et la largeur de chaque rigidificateur 3 correspond approximativement à trois. La Figure 10 illustre une variante d'un balancier 1b dont les bras 4, qui sont au nombre de quatre, sont similaires aux bras de la roue d'échappement 1 a selon la Figure 1. La Figure 11 illustre une autre variante d'un balancier. Cette structure allégée permet de concentrer l'inertie du balancier 1b sur le volant 5 tout en offrant moins de résistance à l'air (amélioration du coefficient de trainée plus communément appelé Cx ) ce qui permet d'améliorer la précision de l'organe régulateur. L'épaisseur du volant 5 est préférablement d'au moins trois fois l'épaisseur des bras 4 à structure squelettique.The figure 9 , 10 and 11 as for them, illustrate several variants of a balance 1b skeletal structure. The figure 9 illustrates a balance 1b comprising two arms 4 integrally constituted by the skeletal structure provided with the recesses 2 of triangular shape. These two arms are diametrically opposed and extend from the pivot axis of the balance 1b and whose outer ends are connected to the wheel 5 of the balance 1b. Advantageously, the ratio between the thickness of the arms 4 and the width of each stiffener 3 corresponds approximately to three. The Figure 10 illustrates a variant of a balance 1b whose arms 4, which are four in number, are similar to the arms of the escape wheel 1a according to the Figure 1 . The Figure 11 illustrates another variant of a pendulum. This lightened structure makes it possible to concentrate the inertia of the balance 1b on the flywheel 5 while offering less resistance to air (improvement of the coefficient of drag more commonly called C x ) which improves the accuracy of the body regulator. The thickness of the flywheel 5 is preferably at least three times the thickness of the arms 4 skeletal structure.

Un échappement comportant la roue d'échappement 1a, l'ancre 1c et le balancier 1b comportant la structure squelettique telle que définie par la présente invention permet un gain de rendement supérieur à 10% qu'un échappement traditionnel.An escapement comprising the escape wheel 1a, the anchor 1c and the balance 1b comprising the skeletal structure as defined by the present invention allows a gain in efficiency greater than 10% that a traditional exhaust.

Cette structure squelettique peut en outre être transposée à une masse oscillante telle qu'illustrée par la Figure 12 afin de déplacer le centre de gravité de la masse vers sa périphérie tout en gardant une grande rigidité de la pièce. Cette structure squelettique comporte une partie de liaison permettant de relier le secteur de masse 10 à l'axe de pivotement.This skeletal structure can also be transposed to an oscillating mass as illustrated by the Figure 12 in order to move the center of gravity of the mass towards its periphery while keeping a great rigidity of the piece. This skeletal structure comprises a connecting portion for connecting the mass sector 10 to the pivot axis.

Il va de soit que l'invention n'est pas limitée aux variantes d'exécution décrites ci-dessus à titre d'exemples. Par exemple, la structure de ces composants horlogers peut être transposée à tout type de rouage horloger.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above as examples. For example, the structure of these watch components can be transposed to any type of watchwheel.

Claims (14)

Composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie choisi parmi une roue d'échappement (1a), un balancier (1b), une ancre (1c), une roue d'un train de rouages, et une masse oscillante (1d),
caractérisé en ce qu'
il possède une structure ajourée squelettique d'une épaisseur E, ladite structure étant pourvue de plusieurs évidements (2) repartis au travers de la structure de manière à ce que chaque évidement (2) soit séparé d'un évidement adjacent (2') par une paroi (3) dite rigidificateur, où la largeur (l) de chaque rigidificateur (3) de la structure squelettique est sensiblement identique, et le rapport entre l'épaisseur E de la structure squelettique et la largeur (l) de chaque rigidificateur (3) est compris entre 1/5 et 1.Component of a timepiece selected from an escape wheel (1a), a rocker (1b), an anchor (1c), a wheel of a gear train, and an oscillating weight (1d),
characterized in that
it has a skeletal openwork structure of a thickness E, said structure being provided with a plurality of recesses (2) distributed through the structure so that each recess (2) is separated from an adjacent recess (2 ') by a wall (3) said stiffener, where the width ( l ) of each stiffener (3) of the skeletal structure is substantially identical, and the ratio between the thickness E of the skeletal structure and the width ( l ) of each stiffener ( 3) is between 1/5 and 1. Composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins deux bras (4) constitués de la structure squelettique.Component of a timepiece according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least two arms (4) consisting of the skeletal structure. Composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre l'épaisseur E de ladite structure et la largeur (l) de chaque rigidificateur (3) est compris entre ¼ et ½ et notamment approximativement de 1/3.Component of a timepiece according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ratio between the thickness E of said structure and the width ( l ) of each stiffener (3) is between ¼ and ½ and in particular approximately 1/3. Composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les évidements (2) ont une forme essentiellement triangulaire.Component of a timepiece according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the recesses (2) have a substantially triangular shape. Composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la plupart des angles des évidements triangulaires sont arrondis.A component of a timepiece according to claim 4, characterized in that most of the angles of the triangular recesses are rounded. Roue d'échappement (1a) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, comportant au moins deux bras (4) qui s'étendent à partir d'un axe de pivotement et dont les extrémités externes sont connectés à une serge (5), caractérisée en ce que les bras (4) et la serge (5) sont constitués de ladite structure squelettique.Exhaust wheel (1a) according to any one of claims 2 to 5, comprising at least two arms (4) which extend from a pivot axis and whose outer ends are connected to a serge (5). ), characterized in that the arms (4) and the serge (5) consist of said skeletal structure. Balancier (1 b) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, comportant au moins deux bras (4) et un volant d'inertie (5'), lesdits bras (4) étant constitués de ladite structure squelettique, le balancier étant en outre caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur E' du volant d'inertie (5') est d'au moins deux fois celle de ladite structure squelettique.Pendulum (1b) according to any one of claims 2 to 5, comprising at least two arms (4) and a flywheel (5 '), said arms (4) consisting of said skeletal structure, the balance being further characterized in that the thickness E 'of the flywheel (5') is at least twice that of said skeletal structure. Ancre (1c) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, comportant une baguette (6), un bras d'entrée (7) et un bras de sortie (8), caractérisé en ce que ladite baguette (6), le bras d'entrée (7) et le bras de sortie (8) sont constitués de la structure squelettique.Anchor (1c) according to any one of claims 2 to 5, comprising a rod (6), an input arm (7) and an output arm (8), characterized in that said rod (6), the input arm (7) and the output arm (8) consist of the skeletal structure. Composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le composant est en acier ou en une matière synthétique tel que le rubis.Component of a timepiece according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the component is made of steel or a synthetic material such as ruby. Composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le composant est en silicium comportant un revêtement en une matière dure telle que le diamant.Component of a timepiece according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the component is made of silicon having a coating of a hard material such as diamond. Procédé de fabrication d'un composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon la revendication 9 ou 10, consistant à réaliser les évidements (2) par découpage au laser.A method of manufacturing a component of a timepiece according to claim 9 or 10, comprising making the recesses (2) by laser cutting. Procédé d'assemblage du composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon la revendication 9 ou 10 autour d'un axe de rotation (9) par frettage.A method of assembling the component of a timepiece according to claim 9 or 10 about an axis of rotation (9) by hooping. Echappement d'une montre mécanique comportant un composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, notamment une roue d'échappement (1a); et une ancre (1 c); et/ ou un balancier (1 b).Exhaust of a mechanical watch comprising a component of a timepiece according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in particular an escape wheel (1a); and an anchor (1c); and / or a pendulum (1b). Montre-bracelet comportant un composant d'une pièce d'horlogerie selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, ou un échappement selon la revendication 13.Wristwatch comprising a component of a timepiece according to any one of claims 1 to 10, or an escapement according to claim 13.
EP10001836A 2009-03-19 2010-02-23 Lightened and reinforced timepiece element Withdrawn EP2230570A2 (en)

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EP2466396A1 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-20 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Magnetic shield for a spiral of a timepiece
CH706000A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-07-15 Christian Dior Couture Sa winding weight.
US8562206B2 (en) 2010-07-12 2013-10-22 Rolex S.A. Hairspring for timepiece hairspring-balance oscillator, and method of manufacture thereof
CH707797A1 (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-09-30 Silicior Sa A method of manufacturing a micro-mechanical part substantially flat, and micro-mechanical part comprising at least a portion formed of silicon oxide.
CN108803297A (en) * 2017-04-28 2018-11-13 精工爱普生株式会社 Machine components and clock and watch
WO2018099616A3 (en) * 2016-11-23 2019-02-21 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement
CH716153A1 (en) * 2019-05-07 2020-11-13 Richemont Int Sa Oscillating weight for timepiece.
USD982468S1 (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-04-04 Cartier International Ag Watch dial
EP4180879A1 (en) * 2021-11-10 2023-05-17 GFD Gesellschaft für Diamantprodukte mbH Micromechanical assembly, method for their preparation and their use

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EP2363762B1 (en) * 2010-03-04 2017-11-22 Montres Breguet SA Timepiece including a high-frequency mechanical movement
EP2363762A1 (en) 2010-03-04 2011-09-07 Montres Breguet SA Timepiece including a high-frequency mechanical movement
US8500323B2 (en) 2010-03-04 2013-08-06 Montres Breguet S.A. Timepiece including a high frequency mechanical movement
US8562206B2 (en) 2010-07-12 2013-10-22 Rolex S.A. Hairspring for timepiece hairspring-balance oscillator, and method of manufacture thereof
EP2466396A1 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-20 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Magnetic shield for a spiral of a timepiece
WO2012080021A1 (en) * 2010-12-15 2012-06-21 The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd Magnetic screening for timepiece hairspring
US9494921B2 (en) 2010-12-15 2016-11-15 The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd Magnetic shielding for timepiece balance spring
RU2545488C2 (en) * 2010-12-15 2015-04-10 Те Свотч Груп Рисерч Энд Дивелопмент Лтд Magnetic screen for balance spring of clock
US9256205B2 (en) 2011-03-23 2016-02-09 Christian Dior Couture Sa Oscillating weight for automatic watch
CH703577A2 (en) * 2011-03-23 2012-01-13 Christian Dior Couture Sa Oscillating weight for assuring rewinding of mechanical movement of automatic watch, has connection element formed of metallic asymmetric support base on which natural or synthetic stones are fixed, where one of stones is diamond
CH703577A3 (en) * 2011-03-23 2012-02-15 Christian Dior Couture Sa Oscillating weight for an automatic watch and automatic watch comprising such a mass.
WO2013104732A1 (en) 2012-01-13 2013-07-18 Christian Dior Couture Sa Winding mass
CH706000A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-07-15 Christian Dior Couture Sa winding weight.
US9104179B2 (en) 2012-01-13 2015-08-11 Christian Dior Couture Sa Winding mass
CH707797A1 (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-09-30 Silicior Sa A method of manufacturing a micro-mechanical part substantially flat, and micro-mechanical part comprising at least a portion formed of silicon oxide.
US11467537B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2022-10-11 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogere Suisse Rotating resonator with flexure bearing maintained by a detached lever escapement
WO2018099616A3 (en) * 2016-11-23 2019-02-21 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement
WO2018095593A3 (en) * 2016-11-23 2019-02-21 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Rotary resonator with a flexible guide system based on a detached lever escapement
CN109983409A (en) * 2016-11-23 2019-07-05 Eta瑞士钟表制造股份有限公司 The rotary harmonic device with flexible bearing maintained by free escapement
CN109983409B (en) * 2016-11-23 2020-09-15 Eta瑞士钟表制造股份有限公司 Rotary resonator with compliant bearing maintained by free-form escapement
US11487245B2 (en) 2016-11-23 2022-11-01 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogere Suisse Rotating resonator with flexure bearing maintained by a detached lever escapement
CN108803297A (en) * 2017-04-28 2018-11-13 精工爱普生株式会社 Machine components and clock and watch
CN108803297B (en) * 2017-04-28 2021-07-09 精工爱普生株式会社 Mechanical part and timepiece
CH716153A1 (en) * 2019-05-07 2020-11-13 Richemont Int Sa Oscillating weight for timepiece.
EP4180879A1 (en) * 2021-11-10 2023-05-17 GFD Gesellschaft für Diamantprodukte mbH Micromechanical assembly, method for their preparation and their use
USD982468S1 (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-04-04 Cartier International Ag Watch dial

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