EP2225799B1 - Antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver and circuit arrangement for feeding an antenna arrangement of such a radar transceiver - Google Patents

Antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver and circuit arrangement for feeding an antenna arrangement of such a radar transceiver Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2225799B1
EP2225799B1 EP08861471A EP08861471A EP2225799B1 EP 2225799 B1 EP2225799 B1 EP 2225799B1 EP 08861471 A EP08861471 A EP 08861471A EP 08861471 A EP08861471 A EP 08861471A EP 2225799 B1 EP2225799 B1 EP 2225799B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
patches
primary
antenna
antenna arrangement
primary exciter
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EP08861471A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2225799A1 (en
Inventor
Juergen Hasch
Ewald Schmidt
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/02—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing sum and difference patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver, in particular for distance and / or speed determination in the environment of vehicles, and to a circuit arrangement for feeding the primary excitation patches of such an antenna arrangement according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • Such radar transceivers d. H. Transceiver modules are used in the microwave and millimeter-wave range for locating objects in space or for speed determination, for example of vehicles.
  • Such radar transceivers are used for example for driver assistance systems, which z. B. for determining the distance of a vehicle ahead in front of another vehicle and for distance control.
  • a radar transceiver for locating objects in space and determining the speed of the highest-frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves, which are reflected from the target object and received by the radar transceiver and further processed.
  • several of these radar transceivers are interconnected to form an overall module.
  • a radar sensor has been known in which a part of the antenna is arranged directly on a semiconductor circuit, while a second part is arranged on a carrier which is positioned at a distance above the first part.
  • Such a radar sensor essentially has an antenna characteristic, i. H. a beam characteristic, which is specified by design.
  • the invention is based on the object of developing a generic antenna arrangement so that it can be used for different beam characteristics.
  • it should be used as a monopulse antenna.
  • Monopulse antennas are antenna groups whose individual antennas are not only connected together in a sum-forming manner, but in which other circuit options can also be realized. In particular, different differences can also be formed for different purposes. By comparing the amplitude of the sum channel and different, for example, differential channels, a localization of the reflecting object within the radar beam can take place. It is also possible to form a differential channel by an antiphase coupling of the left to the right antenna groups.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention for a radar transceiver with the features of claim 1 and the circuit arrangement for supplying the primary exciter patches of such an antenna arrangement with the features of claim 8 allow in a very advantageous manner the operation of the antenna according to the so-called monopulse method. In particular, switching between two antenna characteristics is enabled. As a result, an extremely advantageous in a radar sensor Winkel consultation be reached. It is particularly advantageous that a use of the monopulse principle for an antenna concept with arranged on a support, in particular a chip primary exciters is possible by the antenna arrangement according to the invention. This allows easy production and easy operation.
  • the one carrier is a chip.
  • the design of the carrier as a chip has the great advantage that the antenna arrangement can be realized on a semiconductor circuit with integrated primary exciter. In this case, it is particularly advantageous that no additional external additional components are necessary for the operation of such an antenna arrangement.
  • the chip may also contain the circuit device for controlling the primary exciter patches. But it is also possible to form this carrier as a printed circuit board, soft board substrate or conductor foil.
  • the other, further carrier can be formed by a printed circuit board and / or a softboard substrate or a conductor foil.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment provides to attach the two carriers by flip-chip connections to each other and to contact.
  • These flip-chip connections are advantageously realized essentially by substantially spherical solder joints. In this way, a very simple production at the same time good contact can be achieved.
  • both secondary exciter patches either on the upper side or on the lower side of the further carrier or one on the upper side, the other on the lower side of the further carrier.
  • the arrangement is essentially dependent on the frequency with which the antenna arrangement is operated, and depending on the field of application.
  • the height of the contact elements, the z. B. is 70 microns, and the thickness of the conductor foil, the z. B. may vary between 50 to 300 microns, in addition to the surrounding material properties, the main determinant parameters for optimizing the dimensions of the primary exciter patches and the secondary patches.
  • the feed connections of the primary excitation patches are connected to the longitudinal edges of the primary exciter patches.
  • the connection positions of the supply lines are basically arbitrary and are determined only by a predetermined, desired impedance. Depending on a desired input impedance of the antenna, the selection of the (orifice) positions of the feed connections to the primary exciter patches takes place.
  • potting compound embedding primary primary patches and the secondary patches, in particular a silicone gel or a so-called underfillers based on epoxy resin and to fill this space with it.
  • Such an antenna is operated with a circuit arrangement for feeding the primary exciter patches, which has a switching device in the first switching position at the feed terminal of the first primary excitation patch, a high-frequency signal and at the supply terminal of the second primary exciter patches a high-frequency signal with a phase shift by 180 ° can be applied, and in whose second switching position on the supply line of the first primary excitation patches and on the supply line of the second primary exciter patches each an in-phase high-frequency signal can be applied.
  • it is additionally provided to regulate the amplitude of the high-frequency signal which is present at one of the two supply connections. This makes it possible to realize a pivoting of the antenna characteristic.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is schematically illustrated an antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver, in particular for distance and / or speed determination in the environment of vehicles.
  • a first antenna part is arranged on a carrier, for example on a chip 5.
  • the first antenna part has two substantially rectangular primary exciter patches, a first primary exciter patch 10 and a second primary exciter patch 20, which adjoin one another at a narrow edge and are jointly short-circuited to ground via a ground terminal 40.
  • the two primary excitation patches 10, 20 each have a length 1, which corresponds to about one quarter of the wavelength of the mm or ⁇ m wave to be radiated.
  • the electromagnetic wave is released and excites secondary excitation patches 51, 52 arranged above the primary excitation patches 10, 20.
  • the secondary patches 51, 52 are at a predeterminable distance above the primary patches 10,20 - as in Fig. 2 shown schematically - arranged. The choice of the distance depends on the wavelength of the radar radiated and is approximately between 100 and 150 microns.
  • the secondary patches 51, 52 are, for example, at another, in Fig. 2 arranged to better clarity transparent carrier 59.
  • This carrier 59 can consist, for example, of a film, of a printed circuit board, of a softboard substrate or of a conductor foil.
  • the carrier 5 is preferably connected via flip-chip connections 80 to the carrier 59 and contacted.
  • the first primary exciter patch 10 is connected to a feed line 11.
  • the second Primärerregerpatch 20 has a separate feed line 12.
  • the feed lines 11, 12 abut against one edge of the first and second primary excitation patches 10 and 20 respectively and open into the first and second primary excitation patches 10 and 20, respectively.
  • the choice of the position at which the feed lines 11, 12 are respectively in the first or second Primärerregerpatch 10 and 20 open, can be arbitrary, it is essentially determined by a predetermined input impedance. This means that the position is selected so that a desired input impedance is achieved.
  • the space between the carrier 5 and the further carrier 59 may be filled by a potting compound 90 embedding the primary patches 10, 20 and the secondary patches 51, 52, in particular a silicone gel or a so-called underfill based on epoxy resin.
  • a potting compound 90 embedding the primary patches 10, 20 and the secondary patches 51, 52, in particular a silicone gel or a so-called underfill based on epoxy resin.
  • Fig. 1 schematically illustrated circuit arrangement 100 is provided, which has a switching device 110 for switching between two switching positions 1, 2.
  • the two supply lines 11, 12 each fed with high-frequency signals having a phase offset of 180 ° (switching position ⁇ - sum).
  • This results in the in Fig. 3 represented antenna characteristic "sum" with a single beam cone.
  • a beam tilt of up to ⁇ 10 ° can be achieved by controlling the amplitude of the RF signal applied to the feed terminal 12.
  • Fig. 5 an unguided antenna characteristic with a high-frequency signal to feed line 11 and a high-frequency signal of the same amplitude and a phase offset of 180 ° to feed line 12 with a dashed line 501 is shown.
  • a tilted by 10 ° antenna characteristic in which the second feed line 12 is acted upon by a high-frequency signal having an amplitude which is half the amplitude of the signal fed to the first feed line 11, and in turn with 180 ° phase rotation between the two feed lines 11, 12 is shown with line 502.
  • line 502. By choosing the amplitude, a rotation of the antenna characteristic can be achieved.
  • parts of an integrated circuit are placed on the carrier 5 in addition to the primary exciter patches 11, 12, for example the circuit arrangement 100 or other or additional circuit devices.
  • the antenna arrangement is operated, for example, with an operating frequency of 122 GHz.
  • Typical dimensions at this operating frequency are approximately the following length and width ratios of the primary exciter patches 10, 20: 295 .mu.m.times.160 .mu.m
  • the secondary exciter patches 51, 52 have approximately length and width ratios of 1050 .mu.m.times.400 .mu.m.
  • the distance between the primary and secondary patches is about 100 microns.
  • the secondary excitation patches 51, 52 are arranged at a distance A, that between them a gap or a gap remains free, which releases the common ground contact 40 of the adjacent primary excitation patches 10, 20 in the beam direction.
  • the secondary patches 51, 52 may be disposed on both sides of the carrier 59. The arrangement is dependent on the frequency and the application.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

An antenna array for radar transceivers, in particular for ascertaining distance and/or speed in the surroundings of vehicles, a first antenna part being situated on a carrier and a second antenna part being situated on another carrier situated at a distance from the first. The first antenna part has two generally rectangular primary exciter patches which adjoin each other on one edge, where they are short-circuited toward ground, two primary exciter patches have two separate supply lines, and the second antenna part comprises two mutually separated rectangular secondary exciter patches, which partially cover the primary exciter patches and which have, in the region of the ground short-circuit of the primary exciter patches, in the beam direction, a distance from each other that at least exposes the ground short-circuit.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanordnung für einen Radar-Transceiver insbesondere zur Abstands- und/oder Geschwindigkeitsermittlung im Umfeld von Fahrzeugen sowie eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Speisen der Primärerregerpatches einer derartigen Antennenanordnung nach den Oberbegriffen der unabhängigen Ansprüche.The invention relates to an antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver, in particular for distance and / or speed determination in the environment of vehicles, and to a circuit arrangement for feeding the primary excitation patches of such an antenna arrangement according to the preambles of the independent claims.

Derartige Radar-Transceiver, d. h. Sende/Empfängermodule, werden im Mikrowellen- und Millimeterwellenbereich zur Ortung von Gegenständen im Raum oder zur Geschwindigkeitsbestimmung, beispielsweise von Fahrzeugen, eingesetzt. Solche Radar-Transceiver werden beispielsweise für Fahrerassistenzsysteme verwendet, welche z. B. zur Bestimmung des Abstands eines vor einem Fahrzeug vorausfahrenden weiteren Fahrzeugs und zur Abstandsregelung eingesetzt werden. Dabei sendet ein solcher Radar-Transceiver zur Ortung von Gegenständen im Raum und zur Geschwindigkeitsbestimmung höchstfrequente Signale in Form elektromagnetischer Wellen aus, die vom Zielgegenstand reflektiert werden und von dem Radar-Transceiver wieder empfangen und weiterverarbeitet werden. In vielen Fällen werden dabei auch mehrere dieser Radar-Transceiver zu einem Gesamtmodul verschaltet.Such radar transceivers, d. H. Transceiver modules are used in the microwave and millimeter-wave range for locating objects in space or for speed determination, for example of vehicles. Such radar transceivers are used for example for driver assistance systems, which z. B. for determining the distance of a vehicle ahead in front of another vehicle and for distance control. In this case, such a radar transceiver for locating objects in space and determining the speed of the highest-frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves, which are reflected from the target object and received by the radar transceiver and further processed. In many cases, several of these radar transceivers are interconnected to form an overall module.

Aus der DE 10 2005 056 756 A1 ist ein Radarsensor bekannt geworden, bei dem ein Teil der Antenne direkt auf einer Halbleiterschaltung angeordnet ist, während ein zweiter Teil auf einem Träger, der mit einem Abstand über dem ersten Teil positioniert ist, angeordnet ist.From the DE 10 2005 056 756 A1 For example, a radar sensor has been known in which a part of the antenna is arranged directly on a semiconductor circuit, while a second part is arranged on a carrier which is positioned at a distance above the first part.

Ein solcher Radarsensor weist im Wesentlichen eine Antennencharakteristik, d. h. eine Strahlcharakteristik auf, die bauartbedingt vorgegeben ist.Such a radar sensor essentially has an antenna characteristic, i. H. a beam characteristic, which is specified by design.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße Antennenanordnung so weiterzubilden, dass sie für unterschiedliche Strahlcharakteristiken einsetzbar ist. Insbesondere soll sie als Monopuls-Antenne eingesetzt werden. Monopuls-Antennen sind Antennengruppen, deren Einzelantennen nicht nur summenbildend zusammengeschaltet werden, sondern bei denen auch andere Schaltungsmöglichkeiten realisierbar sind. Für verschiedene Zwecke können insbesondere auch unterschiedliche Differenzen gebildet werden. Durch Amplitudenvergleich des Summenkanals und verschiedener beispielsweise Differenzkanäle kann so eine Lokalisierung des reflektierenden Objektes innerhalb des Radarstrahls erfolgen. Es ist auch möglich, durch eine gegenphasige Kopplung der linken zu den rechten Antennengruppen einen Differenzkanal zu bilden.The invention is based on the object of developing a generic antenna arrangement so that it can be used for different beam characteristics. In particular, it should be used as a monopulse antenna. Monopulse antennas are antenna groups whose individual antennas are not only connected together in a sum-forming manner, but in which other circuit options can also be realized. In particular, different differences can also be formed for different purposes. By comparing the amplitude of the sum channel and different, for example, differential channels, a localization of the reflecting object within the radar beam can take place. It is also possible to form a differential channel by an antiphase coupling of the left to the right antenna groups.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung für einen Radar-Transceiver mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und die Schaltungsanordnung zum Speisen der Primärerregerpatches einer solchen Antennenanordnung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8 ermöglichen auf sehr vorteilhafte Weise den Betrieb der Antenne nach dem sogenannten Monopuls-Verfahren. Insbesondere wird das Umschalten zwischen zwei Antennencharakteristiken ermöglicht. Hierdurch ist eine bei einem Radarsensor außerordentlich vorteilhafte Winkelgebung erreichbar. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass durch die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanordnung eine Nutzung des Monopuls-Prinzips für ein Antennenkonzept mit auf einem Träger, insbesondere einem Chip angeordneten Primärerregern möglich ist. Dies erlaubt eine einfache Herstellung und einen einfachen Betrieb.The antenna arrangement according to the invention for a radar transceiver with the features of claim 1 and the circuit arrangement for supplying the primary exciter patches of such an antenna arrangement with the features of claim 8 allow in a very advantageous manner the operation of the antenna according to the so-called monopulse method. In particular, switching between two antenna characteristics is enabled. As a result, an extremely advantageous in a radar sensor Winkelgebung be reached. It is particularly advantageous that a use of the monopulse principle for an antenna concept with arranged on a support, in particular a chip primary exciters is possible by the antenna arrangement according to the invention. This allows easy production and easy operation.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale sind Gegenstand der in den abhängigen Ansprüchen aufgeführten Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der Antennenanordnung bzw. der Schaltungsanordnung zum Speisen der Primärerregepatches einer solchen Antennenanordnung.Further advantages and features are the subject matter of the further developments and improvements of the antenna arrangement or of the circuit arrangement listed in the dependent claims for feeding the primary energizing patches of such an antenna arrangement.

So ist bei einer sehr vorteilhaften Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass der eine Träger ein Chip ist. Die Ausbildung des Trägers als Chip hat den großen Vorteil, dass die Antennenanordnung auf einer Halbleiterschaltung mit integriertem Primärerreger realisierbar ist. Sehr vorteilhaft ist hierbei insbesondere, dass keine weiteren externen Zusatzkomponenten zum Betrieb einer solchen Antennenanordnung notwendig sind. Insbesondere kann der Chip auch die Schaltungseinrichtung zur Ansteuerung der Primärerregerpatches enthalten. Möglich ist es aber auch, diesen Träger als Leiterplatte, Softboardsubstrat oder Leiterfolie auszubilden.Thus, it is provided in a very advantageous embodiment that the one carrier is a chip. The design of the carrier as a chip has the great advantage that the antenna arrangement can be realized on a semiconductor circuit with integrated primary exciter. In this case, it is particularly advantageous that no additional external additional components are necessary for the operation of such an antenna arrangement. In particular, the chip may also contain the circuit device for controlling the primary exciter patches. But it is also possible to form this carrier as a printed circuit board, soft board substrate or conductor foil.

Der andere, weitere Träger kann durch eine Leiterplatte und/oder ein Softboardsubstrat oder eine Leiterfolie gebildet werden.The other, further carrier can be formed by a printed circuit board and / or a softboard substrate or a conductor foil.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform sieht vor, die beiden Träger durch Flip-Chip-Verbindungen aneinander zu befestigen und zu kontaktieren. Diese Flip-Chip-Verbindungen werden vorteilhafterweise im Wesentlichen durch im Wesentlichen kugelförmige Lötverbindungen realisiert. Auf diese Weise ist eine sehr einfache Herstellung bei gleichzeitig guter Kontaktierung erreichbar.A particularly preferred embodiment provides to attach the two carriers by flip-chip connections to each other and to contact. These flip-chip connections are advantageously realized essentially by substantially spherical solder joints. In this way, a very simple production at the same time good contact can be achieved.

Hinsichtlich der Anordnung der Sekundärerregerpatches sind die unterschiedlichsten Ausführungsformen denkbar.With regard to the arrangement of the secondary exciter patches a variety of embodiments are conceivable.

Bei einer ersten vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, beide Sekundärerregerpatches entweder auf der Oberseite oder auf der Unterseite des weiteren Trägers anzuordnen oder eines auf der Oberseite, das andere auf der Unterseite des weiteren Trägers anzuordnen.In a first advantageous embodiment, it is provided to arrange both secondary exciter patches either on the upper side or on the lower side of the further carrier or one on the upper side, the other on the lower side of the further carrier.

Die Anordnung geschieht im Wesentlichen abhängig von der Frequenz, mit der die Antennenanordnung betrieben wird, und abhängig von dem Anwendungsgebiet.The arrangement is essentially dependent on the frequency with which the antenna arrangement is operated, and depending on the field of application.

Neben dieser Anordnung der Sekundärerregerpatches über den Primärerregerpatches sind die Höhe der Kontaktelemente, die z. B. 70 µm beträgt, und die Dicke der Leiterfolie, die z. B. zwischen 50 bis 300 µm variieren kann, neben den umgebenden Stoffeigenschaften die bestimmenden Hauptparameter zur Optimierung der Abmessungen der Primärerregerpatches und der Sekundärerregepatches.In addition to this arrangement of secondary exciter patches on the primary excitation patches, the height of the contact elements, the z. B. is 70 microns, and the thickness of the conductor foil, the z. B. may vary between 50 to 300 microns, in addition to the surrounding material properties, the main determinant parameters for optimizing the dimensions of the primary exciter patches and the secondary patches.

Die Speiseanschlüsse der Primärerregerpatches sind an den Längskanten der Primärerregerpatches angeschlossen. Die Anschlusspositionen der Speiseleitungen sind im Grunde beliebig wählbar und werden lediglich durch eine vorgebbare, gewünschte Impedanz bestimmt. Abhängig von einer gewünschten Eingangsimpedanz der Antenne erfolgt die Wahl der (Mündungs-)Positionen der Speiseanschlüsse an den Primärerregerpatches.The feed connections of the primary excitation patches are connected to the longitudinal edges of the primary exciter patches. The connection positions of the supply lines are basically arbitrary and are determined only by a predetermined, desired impedance. Depending on a desired input impedance of the antenna, the selection of the (orifice) positions of the feed connections to the primary exciter patches takes place.

Nicht nur um die Antennenanordnung vor Umwelteinflüssen zu schützen, sondern auch im Hinblick darauf, optimale elektrische Eigenschaften der Antenne zu erreichen, kann ferner vorgesehen sein, in den Raum zwischen den beiden Trägern eine die Primärerregepatches und die Sekundärerregerpatches einbettende Vergussmasse, insbesondere ein Silikongel oder einen so genannten Underfiller auf Epoxidharzbasis einzubringen und diesen Raum damit auszufüllen.Not only to protect the antenna assembly from environmental influences, but also with a view to achieving optimum electrical properties of the antenna, may further be provided in the space between the two carriers a potting compound embedding primary primary patches and the secondary patches, in particular a silicone gel or a so-called underfillers based on epoxy resin and to fill this space with it.

Eine derartige Antenne wird mit einer Schaltungsanordnung zum Speisen der Primärerregerpatches betrieben, welche eine Umschalteinrichtung aufweist, in deren erster Schaltposition an dem Speiseanschluss des ersten Primärerregerpatches ein Hochfrequenzsignal und an dem Speiseanschluss des zweiten Primärerregerpatches ein Hochfrequenzsignal mit einem Phasenversatz um 180° anlegbar ist, und in deren zweiter Schaltposition an der Speiseleitung des ersten Primärerregerpatches und an der Speiseleitung des zweiten Primärerregerpatches jeweils ein gleichphasiges Hochfrequenzsignal anlegbar ist.Such an antenna is operated with a circuit arrangement for feeding the primary exciter patches, which has a switching device in the first switching position at the feed terminal of the first primary excitation patch, a high-frequency signal and at the supply terminal of the second primary exciter patches a high-frequency signal with a phase shift by 180 ° can be applied, and in whose second switching position on the supply line of the first primary excitation patches and on the supply line of the second primary exciter patches each an in-phase high-frequency signal can be applied.

Diese beiden Schaltpositionen ermöglichen zwei unterschiedliche Antennencharakteristiken, nämlich eine Summenantennencharakteristik mit nur einem Strahlkegel und eine Differenzantennencharakteristik mit zwei Strahlkegeln.These two switching positions enable two different antenna characteristics, namely a single beam cone sum antenna characteristic and two beam cone differential antenna characteristics.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist zusätzlich vorgesehen, die Amplitude des Hochfrequenzsignals, das an einem der beiden Speiseanschlüsse anliegt, zu regeln. Hierdurch lässt sich eine Schwenkung der Antennencharakteristik realisieren.In a further advantageous embodiment, it is additionally provided to regulate the amplitude of the high-frequency signal which is present at one of the two supply connections. This makes it possible to realize a pivoting of the antenna characteristic.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description.

In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
schematisch in Draufsicht den Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Antennenanord- nung mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungseinrichtung;
Fig. 2
in isometrischer Darstellung den Aufbau einer Antennenanordnung auf einem Halbleiterchip;
Fig. 3
die Antennencharakteristik gemäß einer ersten Schaltposition der Schaltungsein- richtung;
Fig. 4
die Antennencharakteristik gemäß einer zweiten Schaltposition der Schaltungs- einrichtung und
Fig. 5
das Antennendiagramm eines geraden und eines um 10° geschwenkten Strahls.
In the drawing show:
Fig. 1
schematically in plan view the structure of an antenna arrangement according to the invention with a circuit device according to the invention;
Fig. 2
in an isometric view of the structure of an antenna array on a semiconductor chip;
Fig. 3
the antenna characteristic according to a first switching position of the circuit device;
Fig. 4
the antenna characteristic according to a second switching position of the circuit device and
Fig. 5
the antenna diagram of a straight and a 10 ° tilted beam.

Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

In Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 ist schematisch eine Antennenanordnung für einen Radar-Transceiver, insbesondere zur Abstands- und/oder Geschwindigkeitsermittlung im Umfeld von Fahrzeugen dargestellt.In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is schematically illustrated an antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver, in particular for distance and / or speed determination in the environment of vehicles.

Ein erster Antennenteil ist auf einem Träger, beispielsweise auf einem Chip 5 angeordnet. Der erste Antennenteil weist zwei im Wesentlichen rechteckförmige Primärerregerpatches auf, ein erstes Primärerregerpatch 10 und ein zweites Primärerregerpatch 20, die an einer Schmalkante aneinander grenzen und dort gemeinsam über einen Masseanschluss 40 gegen Masse kurzgeschlossen sind. Die beiden Primärerregerpatches 10, 20 weisen jeweils eine Länge 1 auf, die etwa einem Viertel der Wellenlänge der abzustrahlenden mm- oder µm-Welle entspricht.A first antenna part is arranged on a carrier, for example on a chip 5. The first antenna part has two substantially rectangular primary exciter patches, a first primary exciter patch 10 and a second primary exciter patch 20, which adjoin one another at a narrow edge and are jointly short-circuited to ground via a ground terminal 40. The two primary excitation patches 10, 20 each have a length 1, which corresponds to about one quarter of the wavelength of the mm or μm wave to be radiated.

An dem dem Massenanschluss 40 abgewandten Ende der Primärerregerpatches 10,20 löst sich die elektromagnetische Welle ab und regt oberhalb der Primärerregerpatches 10, 20 angeordnete Sekundärerregerpatches 51, 52 an. Die Sekundärerregerpatches 51, 52 sind in einem vorgebbaren Abstand über den Primärerregerpatches 10,20 - wie in Fig. 2 schematisch dargestellt - angeordnet. Die Wahl des Abstands hängt von der Wellenlänge des abgestrahlten Radarstrahls ab und beträgt etwa zwischen 100 und 150 µm.At the end of the primary exciter patches 10, 20 facing away from the ground terminal 40, the electromagnetic wave is released and excites secondary excitation patches 51, 52 arranged above the primary excitation patches 10, 20. The secondary patches 51, 52 are at a predeterminable distance above the primary patches 10,20 - as in Fig. 2 shown schematically - arranged. The choice of the distance depends on the wavelength of the radar radiated and is approximately between 100 and 150 microns.

Die Sekundärerregerpatches 51, 52 sind beispielsweise an einem weiteren, in Fig. 2 zur besseren Übersicht durchsichtig dargestellten Träger 59 angeordnet. Dieser Träger 59 kann beispielsweise aus einer Folie, aus einer Leiterplatte, aus einem Softboardsubstrat oder aus einer Leiterfolie bestehen.The secondary patches 51, 52 are, for example, at another, in Fig. 2 arranged to better clarity transparent carrier 59. This carrier 59 can consist, for example, of a film, of a printed circuit board, of a softboard substrate or of a conductor foil.

Der Träger 5 ist bevorzugt über Flip-Chip-Verbindungen 80 mit dem Träger 59 verbunden und kontaktiert.The carrier 5 is preferably connected via flip-chip connections 80 to the carrier 59 and contacted.

Der erste Primärerregerpatch 10 ist mit einer Speiseleitung 11 verbunden. Der zweite Primärerregerpatch 20 weist eine separate Speiseleitung 12 auf. Die Speiseleitungen 11, 12 liegen an einer Kante des ersten bzw. zweiten Primärerregerpatches 10 bzw. 20 an und münden in die ersten bzw. zweiten Primärerregerpatches 10 bzw. 20. Die Wahl der Position, an welcher die Speiseleitungen 11, 12 jeweils in den ersten bzw. zweiten Primärerregerpatch 10 bzw. 20 münden, kann beliebig erfolgen, sie ist im Wesentlichen durch eine vorgebbare Eingangsimpedanz bestimmt. Das bedeutet, dass die Position so gewählt wird, dass eine gewünschte Eingangsimpedanz erzielt wird.The first primary exciter patch 10 is connected to a feed line 11. The second Primärerregerpatch 20 has a separate feed line 12. The feed lines 11, 12 abut against one edge of the first and second primary excitation patches 10 and 20 respectively and open into the first and second primary excitation patches 10 and 20, respectively. The choice of the position at which the feed lines 11, 12 are respectively in the first or second Primärerregerpatch 10 and 20 open, can be arbitrary, it is essentially determined by a predetermined input impedance. This means that the position is selected so that a desired input impedance is achieved.

Der Raum zwischen dem Träger 5 und dem weiteren Träger 59 kann durch eine die Primärerregerpatches 10, 20 und die Sekundärerregerpatches 51, 52 einbettende Vergussmasse 90, insbesondere ein Silikongel oder ein so genannter Underfiller auf Epoxidharzbasis ausgefüllt sein. Hierdurch wird die Antennenanordnung nicht nur geschützt, sondern insbesondere kann durch diese Maßnahme - neben der Wahl der Höhe der Kontaktelemente, die bevorzugt z. B. 70 µm beträgt, und der Wahl der Dicke der Leiterfolie, die vorzugsweise zwischen 50 und 300 µm beträgt - auch eine Optimierung der Radarantennenanordnung vorgenommen werden.The space between the carrier 5 and the further carrier 59 may be filled by a potting compound 90 embedding the primary patches 10, 20 and the secondary patches 51, 52, in particular a silicone gel or a so-called underfill based on epoxy resin. As a result, the antenna arrangement is not only protected, but in particular by this measure - in addition to the choice of the height of the contact elements, preferably z. B. 70 microns, and the choice of the thickness of the conductor foil, the preferably between 50 and 300 microns - also be made an optimization of the radar antenna assembly.

Zum Speisen der beiden Primärerregerpatches 10, 20 ist eine in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellte Schaltungsanordnung 100 vorgesehen, die eine Umschalteinrichtung 110 zur Umschaltung zwischen zwei Schaltstellungen 1, 2 aufweist. In einer ersten Schaltstellung 1 werden die beiden Speiseleitungen 11, 12 jeweils mit Hochfrequenzsignalen gespeist, die einen Phasenversatz von 180° aufweisen (Schaltstellung Σ - Summe). Das bedeutet beispielsweise, in die Speiseleitung 11 wird ein Hochfrequenzsignal mit einer Phase P und in die Speiseleitung 12 wird ein Hochfrequenzsignal mit einer Phase P + 180° eingespeist. Hierdurch ergibt sich die in Fig. 3 dargestellte Antennencharakteristik "Summe" mit einem einzigen Strahlkegel.To feed the two primary excitation patches 10, 20 is an in Fig. 1 schematically illustrated circuit arrangement 100 is provided, which has a switching device 110 for switching between two switching positions 1, 2. In a first switching position 1, the two supply lines 11, 12 each fed with high-frequency signals having a phase offset of 180 ° (switching position Σ - sum). This means, for example, in the feed line 11 is a high-frequency signal with a phase P and in the feed line 12, a high-frequency signal is fed with a phase P + 180 °. This results in the in Fig. 3 represented antenna characteristic "sum" with a single beam cone.

Wird dagegen in Schaltstellung 2 in die erste Speiseleitung 11 und in die zweite Speiseleitung 12 ein gleichphasiges Hochfrequenzsignal eingespeist (Schaltstellung Δ - Differenz), entsteht die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Antennencharakteristik "Differenz" mit zwei Strahlkegeln.If, however, in the switching position 2 in the first feed line 11 and in the second feed line 12 an in-phase high-frequency signal fed (switching position Δ - difference), which is formed in Fig. 4 illustrated antenna characteristic "difference" with two beam cones.

Eine Strahlschwenkung um bis zu ± 10° kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Amplitude des an Speiseanschluss 12 anliegenden Hochfrequenzsignals geregelt wird. In Fig. 5 ist eine ungeschwenkte Antennencharakteristik mit einem Hochfrequenzsignal an Speiseleitung 11 und mit einem Hochfrequenzsignal gleicher Amplitude und einem Phasenversatz von 180° an Speiseleitung 12 mit einer strichpunktierten Linie 501 dargestellt. Eine um 10° geschwenkte Antennencharakteristik, bei der die zweite Speiseleitung 12 mit einem Hochfrequenzsignal mit einer Amplitude, die der Hälfte der Amplitude des an der ersten Speiseleitung 11 eingespeisten Signals entspricht, und wiederum mit 180° Phasendrehung zwischen den beiden Speiseleitungen 11, 12 beaufschlagt ist, ist mit Linie 502 dargestellt. Durch die Wahl der Amplitude lässt sich eine Drehung der Antennencharakteristik erreichen.A beam tilt of up to ± 10 ° can be achieved by controlling the amplitude of the RF signal applied to the feed terminal 12. In Fig. 5 an unguided antenna characteristic with a high-frequency signal to feed line 11 and a high-frequency signal of the same amplitude and a phase offset of 180 ° to feed line 12 with a dashed line 501 is shown. A tilted by 10 ° antenna characteristic in which the second feed line 12 is acted upon by a high-frequency signal having an amplitude which is half the amplitude of the signal fed to the first feed line 11, and in turn with 180 ° phase rotation between the two feed lines 11, 12 , is shown with line 502. By choosing the amplitude, a rotation of the antenna characteristic can be achieved.

Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass auf dem Träger 5 neben den Primärerregerpatches 11, 12 Teile einer integrierten Schaltung platziert sind, beispielsweise die Schaltungsanordnung 100 oder andere bzw. weitere Schaltungseinrichtungen.It should be noted that parts of an integrated circuit are placed on the carrier 5 in addition to the primary exciter patches 11, 12, for example the circuit arrangement 100 or other or additional circuit devices.

Die Antennenanordnung wird beispielsweise mit einer Arbeitsfrequenz von 122 GHz betrieben. Typische Abmessungen bei dieser Arbeitsfrequenz sind etwa folgende Längen- und Breitenverhältnisse der Primärerregerpatches 10, 20: 295 µm x 160 µm, die Sekundärerregerpatches 51, 52 weisen hierbei etwa Längen- und Breitenverhältnisse von 1050 µm x 400 µm auf. Der Abstand zwischen den Primär- und Sekundärerregerpatches beträgt etwa 100 µm. Wie insbesondere aus Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 zu entnehmen ist, sind die Sekundärerregerpatches 51, 52 so mit einem Abstand A angeordnet, dass zwischen ihnen eine Lücke oder ein Gap frei bleibt, welches den gemeinsamen Massekontakt 40 der aneinandergrenzenden Primärerregerpatches 10, 20 in Strahlrichtung freigibt.The antenna arrangement is operated, for example, with an operating frequency of 122 GHz. Typical dimensions at this operating frequency are approximately the following length and width ratios of the primary exciter patches 10, 20: 295 .mu.m.times.160 .mu.m, the secondary exciter patches 51, 52 have approximately length and width ratios of 1050 .mu.m.times.400 .mu.m. The distance between the primary and secondary patches is about 100 microns. As in particular from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 it can be seen, the secondary excitation patches 51, 52 are arranged at a distance A, that between them a gap or a gap remains free, which releases the common ground contact 40 of the adjacent primary excitation patches 10, 20 in the beam direction.

Es ist ferner darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Sekundärerregerpatches 51, 52 auf beiden Seiten des Trägers 59 angeordnet sein können. Die Anordnung erfolgt abhängig von der Frequenz und der Anwendung.It should also be noted that the secondary patches 51, 52 may be disposed on both sides of the carrier 59. The arrangement is dependent on the frequency and the application.

Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass durch die vorbeschriebene erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung der Antennenanordnung und die Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben einer solchen Antennenanordnung bei einer Antenne, die sehr vorteilhaft auf einem Chip ausgebildet oder angeordnet werden kann, ein Monopuls-Betrieb zur Erzeugung unterschiedlicher Antennencharakteristiken realisierbar ist.In summary, it can be said that by the above-described inventive design of the antenna arrangement and the circuit arrangement for operating such an antenna arrangement in an antenna that can be very advantageously formed or arranged on a chip, a monopulse operation for generating different antenna characteristics is feasible.

Claims (9)

  1. Antenna arrangement for radar transceivers, in particular for distance and/or speed determination in the area around vehicles, with a first antenna part being arranged on a mount (5) and with a second antenna part being arranged on a further mount (59), which is arranged in a distance from the first, characterized by the following features:
    - the first antenna part has two substantially rectangular primary exciter patches (10, 20), which are each adjacent to one another on one edge and are shorted to earth there;
    - the two primary exciter patches (10, 20) have two separate feed lines (11, 12);
    - the second antenna part comprises two mutually isolated rectangular secondary exciter patches (51, 52), which partially cover the primary exciter patches (10, 20) and, in the area of the earth short (40) of the primary exciter patches (10, 20), are at a distance (A) from one another in the emission direction which enables at least the earth short (40).
  2. Antenna arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mount to which the primary exciter patches (10, 20) are fitted is formed by a chip (5), a printed circuit board, a soft-board substrate or a conductor film.
  3. Antenna arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mount (59) to which the secondary exciter patches (51, 52) are fitted is formed by a printed circuit board, a soft-board substrate or a conductor film.
  4. Antenna arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the two mounts (5, 59) are attached to one another and make contact with one another by means of flip-chip connections (80).
  5. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two secondary exciter patches (51, 52) are arranged either on the upper face and/or on the lower face of the second mount (59).
  6. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed lines (11, 12) of the primary exciter patches (10, 20) are connected to the longitudinal edges of the primary exciter patches (10, 20), with the connecting position of the feed lines (11, 12) being selectable independently of a desired, predeterminable impedance of the antenna arrangement.
  7. Antenna arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the space between the two mounts (5, 59) is filled by an encapsulation compound (90), which embeds the primary exciter patches (10, 20) and, if appropriate, the secondary exciter patches (51, 52), in particular a silicone gel or an underfiller based on epoxy resin.
  8. Circuit device (100) for feeding the primary exciter patches (10, 20) of an antenna arrangement
    according to one of Claims 1 to 7 with at least one radio-frequency signal, characterized by a switching device (110) in which, in a switching position (1) a radio-frequency signal can be applied to the feed connection (11) of the first primary exciter patch (10) and a radio-frequency signal with a phase shift of 180° can be applied to the feed connection (12) of the second primary exciter patch (20), and in whose second switching position (2) a radio-frequency signal in the same phase can in each case be applied to the first feed line (11) of the first primary exciter patch (10) and to the second feed line (12) of the second primary exciter patch (20).
  9. Circuit device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the amplitude of the radio-frequency signal which is applied to at least one feed connection (11, 12) can be adjusted in order to scan the beam lobe when the switching device (110) is in the first switching position (1).
EP08861471A 2007-12-17 2008-10-21 Antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver and circuit arrangement for feeding an antenna arrangement of such a radar transceiver Not-in-force EP2225799B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007060770A DE102007060770A1 (en) 2007-12-17 2007-12-17 Antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver and circuit arrangement for feeding an antenna arrangement of such a radar transceiver
PCT/EP2008/064165 WO2009077235A1 (en) 2007-12-17 2008-10-21 Antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver and circuit arrangement for feeding an antenna arrangement of such a radar transceiver

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2225799A1 EP2225799A1 (en) 2010-09-08
EP2225799B1 true EP2225799B1 (en) 2011-06-22

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EP08861471A Not-in-force EP2225799B1 (en) 2007-12-17 2008-10-21 Antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver and circuit arrangement for feeding an antenna arrangement of such a radar transceiver

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US (1) US8390521B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2225799B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE514202T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102007060770A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009077235A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007034329A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh radar device
DE102010064346A1 (en) * 2010-12-29 2012-07-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Radar sensor for motor vehicles
CN108459302A (en) * 2018-02-11 2018-08-28 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） Modulation Continuous Wave Radar receiving and transmitting front end

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004054466A1 (en) * 2004-11-11 2006-06-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Radar system, in particular for distance and / or speed measurement
DE102004063541A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antenna arrangement for a radar transceiver
DE102005046044A1 (en) * 2005-09-27 2007-03-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Radar sensor comprises primary and secondary circuit sections located on a chip, with oscillators, mixers, and an aerial for sending and receiving
DE102005056756A1 (en) 2005-11-29 2007-05-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Antenna array e.g. for radar sensor, has first part of antenna located on chip and contains some of transceiver units of radar sensor with second radiation-coupled part is located on top of chip at distance to first part

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US8390521B2 (en) 2013-03-05
US20100321268A1 (en) 2010-12-23
EP2225799A1 (en) 2010-09-08
ATE514202T1 (en) 2011-07-15
WO2009077235A1 (en) 2009-06-25
DE102007060770A1 (en) 2009-06-18

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