EP2220387A2 - Laufbahnelement einer wälzlagerung - Google Patents
Laufbahnelement einer wälzlagerungInfo
- Publication number
- EP2220387A2 EP2220387A2 EP08851906A EP08851906A EP2220387A2 EP 2220387 A2 EP2220387 A2 EP 2220387A2 EP 08851906 A EP08851906 A EP 08851906A EP 08851906 A EP08851906 A EP 08851906A EP 2220387 A2 EP2220387 A2 EP 2220387A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- raceway element
- rolling
- element according
- raceway
- rolling track
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
- F16C19/364—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/10—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding
- F16C2223/18—Hardening, e.g. carburizing, carbo-nitriding with induction hardening
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
- F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/12—Force, load, stress, pressure
- F16C2240/18—Stress
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
- F16C2360/31—Wind motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
- F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a raceway element of a roller bearing.
- the life of a rolling bearing is understood to be the number of revolutions or operating hours that the rolling bearing endures from the beginning of operation until its failure, that is, until a contact surface signs of failure leading to material damage occur.
- the fatigue of the material is an ongoing process with the number of rollovers.
- Achieving the service life, that is, the failure of a rolling bearing shows, for example, by damage to a rolling track, such as the so-called pitting (pitting). Peelings on rolling tracks can be initiated by cracking in the depth of high comparative stress (classical rolling fatigue) or at or near the surface. The latter case of surface failure mode clearly outweighs in practice, in particular because of the high purity of modern steels for the rolling bearing production.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a raceway element of a rolling bearing so that a long life of the rolling bearing is achieved. In particular, the service life of a rolling bearing is to be increased, whose damage sequence follows the surface failure mode.
- the raceway element has at least one rolling track on which rolling elements, comprising a steel, are provided for rolling, and
- the raceway element is designed such that it has in a total depth range of 0 to about 40 microns below the surface of the rolling track compressive stresses in the amount of at least about 400 MPa.
- the invention is based essentially on the knowledge that rolling bearings in industrial gears, for example in wind turbines or cranes, in generators, for example, also in wind turbines or stationary diesel engines, in paper machines, dryers, alternators and similar applications, so-called by the failure mechanism of education etching cracks (English: White Etching Cracks, WEC) can be damaged.
- FIG. 0 shows the example of such a white etching crack in the etched metallographic peripheral ground through the raceway of the inner ring of a cylindrical roller bearing. These cracks occur with the help of mixed friction (no complete separation of the contact partners) in the rolling contact at or near the raceway surface and grow under rolling load as partially branching fatigue cracks supported by corrosion up to or over 1 mm in the depth of the material.
- WEA / WER is understood as meaning structural areas that appear white (light) in the etched metallographic cut, ie, which, to put it more precisely, do not etch or badly etch.
- the invention is based on the finding that the described primary damage processes of crack formation and in particular crack growth can be counteracted by a suitable Druckeigenschreibsberg in the surface layer of the material, an effective barrier, causing a significant increase in life of rolling bearings, which in operation after said failure mechanism the white corrosive cracks or the related failure mechanism of the so-called gray spatter can be damaged.
- Compressive residual stresses can be built up to a maximum amount approximately equal to the yield strength of the material, which is around 1500 MPa or higher for hardened bearing steel.
- excessively high residual compressive stresses can overstress the microstructure, which in turn can lead to a reduction in the service life.
- the residual compressive stresses in the surface layer are generated in a mechanical manner.
- hard machining processes such as hard turning or high speed milling, and surface hardening methods such as hot blasting may be considered.
- honing and / or subsequent heating can take place thereafter. This will be explained in more detail in the following embodiment.
- the raceway element can also be surface-coated.
- a friction-reducing or wear-reducing layer can additionally be applied to the rolling track according to the invention for generating the residual compressive stresses.
- This may be, for example, a burnishing layer, an amorphous carbon layer (English: Diamond-Like Coating, DLC) or a molybdenum disulphide layer.
- Typical thicknesses of such additionally applied layers are in the range of up to a few micrometers. If, for example, the thermal aftertreatment is carried out below the tempering or transition temperature for about one hour in air, a thin, tribologically favorable oxide layer of only about 10 nm thickness is also formed.
- the demand according to the invention for the compressive residual stress depth profile applies accordingly in this case from the time the base material (steel) is reached.
- Hard turning can be used, inter alia, for producing raceway elements of a roller bearing according to the invention, whereby residual compressive stresses close to the edge are built to a depth of 50 to 100 ⁇ m, which is substantially higher than that which can be generated by heat treatment in the case of surface layer or bainite hardening. voltage levels lie.
- the rolling tracks In order to obtain the effect of said residual compressive stresses in the surface layer, the rolling tracks must not be reworked after hard turning in such a way that the edge layer, which is mechanically influenced by hard turning, is significantly or completely removed or removed. For example, vibratory grinding is possible. Conventional grinding with typical mechanical material removal by about 200 ⁇ m, however, is unsuitable.
- Honing with a low removal rate of 5 to a maximum of 10 ⁇ m is permissible and can be used to optimize the residual stress depth by generating residual compressive stresses directly at the surface in the amount of approx. 500 to 600 MPa, as hard turning directly at the surface Often, such a favorable value can not be achieved.
- thermal post-treatment (optional post-heating) may take place, possibly stabilizing the built-up residual compressive stresses to only a slightly reduced level, counteracting their gradual degradation during dynamic rolling contact stressing .
- the thermal aftertreatment also stabilizes the microstructure of the material (electronically favorable dislocation arrangement by plasticization) in the mechanically influenced boundary layer, which shows the marked decrease in the surface roughness at the surface, and performs as long as it is carried out below the annealing or transformation temperature becomes, to no relevant hardness decrease.
- FIG. 0 shows etching etched metallographic circumferential cuts through the raceway of a cylindrical roller bearing inner race
- Figure 2 in the form of a diagram, the predetermined compressive residual stresses as a function of the depth below the surface of the rolling track according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 shows, in the form of a diagram, the typical internal compressive stress depth profile of a raceway element of the tapered roller bearing of FIG. 1, as determined, for example, by X-ray voltage measurement (RSM) with electrolytic material removal.
- RSS X-ray voltage measurement
- the tapered roller bearing comprises an outer raceway element 20 and an inner raceway element 10, between which rolling elements 30 designed as truncated cones are arranged.
- the rolling elements 30 may be arranged in a cage, not shown, and between the two raceway elements 10 and 20 may be provided for sealing a rolling body 30 containing space corresponding seals.
- the rolling elements 30 are provided for rolling on in the raceway elements 10 and 20 incorporated rolling tracks 12 and 22.
- Figure 2 illustrates in the form of a diagram that area in which the compressive residual stresses have to move in response to a depth below the surfaces of the rolling tracks 12 and 22 of the raceway elements 10 and 20 according to the invention, so that the rolling tracks 12 and 22 resistant to the above described are so-called white caustic cracks.
- the depth is indicated below the surface of the rolling tracks 12 and 22 in microns.
- the residual stress is given in MPa.
- the compressive stresses should be at least about 400 MPa. Since these are compressive residual stresses and not tensile residual stresses, this means that the residual stresses are not higher than about -400 MPa, as indicated by hatching in FIG. Furthermore, in a total depth range of about 40 to 80 microns, the residual stresses should be at most 0 MPa. In one embodiment of the invention, the residual stresses are also in a depth range of 0 to about 200 microns at a minimum of about -1000 MPa.
- a residual stress profile within the hatching of FIG. 2 is maintained, for example, by the following manufacturing steps for the raceway elements 10 and 20:
- the raceway element blanks formed from 100Cr6 are first hardened according to a method known per se. After that, the rolling tracks 12 and 22 for the rolling bodies 30 are essentially produced by hard turning, which produces the desired residual compressive stresses close to the edges. Only in a very narrow surface area of typically not more than 5 ⁇ m depth can less suitable residual stress values be present after hard turning.
- the rolling tracks 12 and 22 are mechanically finished after hard turning by honing, wherein the depth of honing during honing not greater than about 5 to maximum 10 microns may. Otherwise, the areas of corresponding compressive residual stresses generated by hard turning would be removed too deeply or completely.
- reheating thermal post-treatment
- This reheating is preferably carried out at or below the tempering or transformation temperature of the hardening so that the hardness does not appreciably decrease and only a slight thermal degradation of the residual compressive stresses occurs.
- FIG. 3 shows, in the form of a diagram, the typical compressive stress depth profile below the rolling tracks 12 and 22 of the inner and outer raceway elements 10 and 20 of the tapered roller bearing of FIG. 1 produced by hard turning and honing and optionally reheating as previously described Measurement of the edge (raceway surface) is determined to the core.
- the depth range of the inherent stress depth profile marked by an arrow is based on the main heat treatment of the raceway element 10 or 20 before hard turning: the upper curve is typical of martensite (slightly hardened in the train), the lower course is for example Rand Anlagenmaschine Needless- or Bainithmaschine- th (low compressive residual stresses).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007055575.1A DE102007055575B4 (de) | 2007-11-20 | 2007-11-20 | Laufbahnelement einer Wälzlagerung |
| PCT/EP2008/009530 WO2009065515A2 (de) | 2007-11-20 | 2008-11-12 | Laufbahnelement einer wälzlagerung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2220387A2 true EP2220387A2 (de) | 2010-08-25 |
Family
ID=40580861
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08851906A Ceased EP2220387A2 (de) | 2007-11-20 | 2008-11-12 | Laufbahnelement einer wälzlagerung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2220387A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007055575B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009065515A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011006296A1 (de) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wälzlager |
| DE102011085205B4 (de) | 2011-10-26 | 2016-09-22 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Laufbahnelements einer Lageranordnung und Laufbahnelement |
| WO2014009236A1 (de) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Verfahren zum herstellen eines wälzlagerbauteils |
| DE102012214419A1 (de) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-02-20 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Brüniertes Wälzlager und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines brünierten Wälzlagers |
| DE102012221742A1 (de) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-05-28 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lagerrings eines Wälzlagers |
| DE102012221740A1 (de) * | 2012-11-28 | 2014-05-28 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lagerrings eines Wälzlagers |
| DE102013201321A1 (de) * | 2013-01-28 | 2014-07-31 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wälzlagers und Wälzlager |
| DE102013209863A1 (de) | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-04 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Beschichtetes Bauteil |
| DE102013216995B3 (de) | 2013-08-27 | 2015-02-12 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Lageranordnung |
| DE102013112868A1 (de) | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-21 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zum Konservieren eines Maschinenelements und Verwendung einer ionischen Flüssigkeit |
| EP2899398B1 (de) | 2014-01-28 | 2016-03-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Beschichtete Komponente einer Windturbine |
| WO2015144106A1 (de) | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-01 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren und system zur funktionsüberwachung eines geschmierten maschinenelements |
| DE102015207779A1 (de) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Wälzlagerringen und Wälzlager |
| DE102016209695A1 (de) | 2016-06-02 | 2017-12-07 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Wälzlager mit einer Beschichtung |
| EP3364061A1 (de) * | 2017-02-20 | 2018-08-22 | Flender GmbH | Verwendung eines induktiv gehärteten wälzlagers |
| DE102017121629A1 (de) | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-21 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Lagerbauteils sowie Lagerbauteil |
| DE102018120592A1 (de) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Pendelrollenlager |
| DE102019127123B4 (de) | 2019-10-09 | 2023-03-16 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung eines Wälzlagerbauteils |
| DE102020100221B3 (de) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-07-08 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Wälzlagern, Wälzlager und deren Verwendung, sowie Messgerät und Fertigungsanlage |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007210070A (ja) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-23 | Jatco Ltd | 旋削加工用工具及びその工具を使用した金属部材の加工方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0810015B2 (ja) * | 1987-01-17 | 1996-01-31 | 日本精工株式会社 | ころがり軸受 |
| DE19628825A1 (de) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-01-22 | Fag Aircraft Gmbh | Wälzlager, insbesondere für die Luft- und Raumfahrt |
| WO2000050781A1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-08-31 | Nsk Ltd. | Rolling bearing and method of machining rolling element of the bearing |
| DE10209264B4 (de) * | 2002-03-01 | 2005-06-02 | Ab Skf | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils aus Metall |
| DE10216492B4 (de) * | 2002-04-13 | 2005-07-21 | Ab Skf | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wälzlager-Bauteils aus Metall |
| KR20050004843A (ko) * | 2002-05-14 | 2005-01-12 | 고요 세이코 가부시키가이샤 | 베어링 궤도 부재의 제조 방법 |
| DE10222266B4 (de) * | 2002-05-18 | 2006-08-10 | Schaeffler Kg | Verschmutzungsresistente Wälzkörper für Wälzlager |
| DE102004041962B4 (de) * | 2004-08-04 | 2014-05-28 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wälzlager |
| DE102004041964B4 (de) * | 2004-08-04 | 2012-04-26 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Maschinenelement für Wälzbelastung |
| DE102004062774B3 (de) * | 2004-12-21 | 2006-03-30 | Aktiebolaget Skf | Verfahren zum Behandeln eines Bauelements und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens |
| DE102005035837B4 (de) * | 2005-07-30 | 2013-04-11 | Ab Skf | Wälzlagerung |
-
2007
- 2007-11-20 DE DE102007055575.1A patent/DE102007055575B4/de not_active Revoked
-
2008
- 2008-11-12 WO PCT/EP2008/009530 patent/WO2009065515A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-11-12 EP EP08851906A patent/EP2220387A2/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007210070A (ja) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-23 | Jatco Ltd | 旋削加工用工具及びその工具を使用した金属部材の加工方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| MENG LIU ET AL: "Effect of tool nose radius and tool wear on residual stress distribution in hard turning of bearing steel", JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY, vol. 150, no. 3, 1 July 2004 (2004-07-01), NL, pages 234 - 241, XP055472502, ISSN: 0924-0136, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.02.038 * |
| Y. MATSUMOTO ET AL: "Surface Integrity Generated by Precision Hard Turning", CIRP ANNALS., vol. 48, no. 1, 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01), NL, CH, FR, pages 59 - 62, XP055472501, ISSN: 0007-8506, DOI: 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63131-X * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009065515A2 (de) | 2009-05-28 |
| DE102007055575A1 (de) | 2009-06-04 |
| WO2009065515A3 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
| DE102007055575B4 (de) | 2016-06-09 |
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