EP2215426B1 - Verfahren zum giessen eines explosiven materials und gussvorrichtung unter verwendung dieses verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum giessen eines explosiven materials und gussvorrichtung unter verwendung dieses verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2215426B1
EP2215426B1 EP08871477.9A EP08871477A EP2215426B1 EP 2215426 B1 EP2215426 B1 EP 2215426B1 EP 08871477 A EP08871477 A EP 08871477A EP 2215426 B1 EP2215426 B1 EP 2215426B1
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Prior art keywords
casting
funnel
vessel
vacuum
ammunition body
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EP08871477.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2215426A2 (de
Inventor
Gérard AUGUSTIN
Ludovic Chouris
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Priority to PL08871477T priority Critical patent/PL2215426T3/pl
Publication of EP2215426A2 publication Critical patent/EP2215426A2/de
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Publication of EP2215426B1 publication Critical patent/EP2215426B1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
    • F42B33/02—Filling cartridges, missiles, or fuzes; Inserting propellant or explosive charges
    • F42B33/0214—Filling cartridges, missiles, or fuzes; Inserting propellant or explosive charges by casting
    • F42B33/0242—Filling cartridges, missiles, or fuzes; Inserting propellant or explosive charges by casting by pressure casting

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of methods and devices for loading by casting an explosive material into a munition body.
  • Explosive loading by casting is a conventional method. It generally comprises at least one tundish which is filled with an explosive material maintained in the liquid state.
  • the mixture is most often made at the level of the tank into which the fusible explosive is introduced first and then the other solid explosives in grains.
  • the tank is provided with a stirring means that ensures a homogeneous mixture of components. It is also maintained at a temperature which is that now the explosive in the molten state (of the order of 90 ° for trinitrotoluene).
  • the ammunition body for example a shell equipped with a riser
  • the pouring valve is open which allows gravity flow of the explosive into the munition body.
  • the charged body is then progressively cooled (inside suitable incubators and controlled in temperature), which leads to the solidification of the load.
  • the riser conventionally makes it possible, on the one hand, to form a casting funnel and, on the other hand, to locate the deformations or sinkings of the free face of the explosive at the level of an element that will be removed. also the energetic crystal enrichment (hexogen, Octogen) of explosive loading of the body. This ensures a better homogeneity of the loading of the shell.
  • the conventional casting process however, has limitations when the explosive material to be loaded is extremely viscous.
  • High-viscosity explosives are, for example, composite explosives, which incorporate binders that must be polymerized after casting, or heat-fusible explosives that incorporate additives that greatly increase their viscosity.
  • compositions to ensure their insensibility leads to a viscosity that remains high even around 90 ° C (viscosity of the order of 20 to 30 poises).
  • the patent FR2428228 proposes a method of manufacturing an explosive body by vacuum casting. According to this method a heated casting bowl is connected to a mold by a transfer device incorporating a membrane which is broken by an overpressure in the bowl relative to the mold. This process is difficult to control and it requires the replacement of the membrane for each casting.
  • the patent WO03 / 078356 describes an installation for casting composite explosives.
  • the purpose of this patent is specific to composites: to make the primary mix / hardener as far downstream as possible.
  • the tank charged with explosive is then pressurized with the aid of a hydraulic cylinder in order to force the explosive / hardening mixture through a static mixer.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for casting an explosive material in a munition body, in which process the explosive material is placed in the liquid or pasty state in the munition body via a pouring vessel closed by a pouring valve and disposed above the munition body, in which method the material is poured under vacuum into the munition body, the vacuum being produced in the tank on the one hand; and in the ammunition body on the other hand before carrying out the casting, characterized in that it positions before casting the munition body below the tank and then interposes a casting funnel ensuring a sealed connection between the tank casting and the ammunition body, it is then carried out first of all at the level of the casting vessel and then this vessel is isolated, the vacuum is finally made in the ammunition body and the funnel connected in a sealed manner to the body of ammunition, the level of vacuum in the ammunition body and the funnel being pushed more than the level of vacuum in the tank, then the casting valve is opened.
  • the invention also relates to a casting device of such a material, a device facilitating the adaptation of this casting process to all types of ammunition bodies and implementing simple means and consuming minimal energy.
  • this device for casting an explosive material in an ammunition body comprises a sealed casting vessel closed by a pouring valve and which is disposed above the munition body possibly provided with a riser, which device is characterized in that it comprises at least one casting funnel interposed between the casting tank and the ammunition body (or the riser) funnel which can be connected in a sealed manner to both the ammunition body and the tank, means of evacuation being provided to achieve the vacuum at the level of the tank at the level of the munition body and the funnel, these means ensuring a vacuum level in the munition body and the funnel that is further than the level of vacuum in the tank.
  • the funnel may be integral with a bottom of the tank and have a sliding bowl relative to a fixed bucket, bowl intended to cap an upper part of the ammunition body (or raises).
  • the sliding bowl may comprise a front portion provided with a circular groove intended to cooperate with an upper portion of the ammunition body (or the riser) groove at the bottom of which will be disposed a seal.
  • the front part of the sliding bowl can be made in the form of a ring connected to the bowl by a ball joint.
  • the sliding bowl may include an internal baffle delimiting a hole of diameter less than or equal to the inner diameter of the ring deflector guiding the explosive material during casting.
  • the funnel may be connected in a sealed manner to the munition body by means of at least one inflatable bladder secured to the funnel and coming to bear against a cylindrical body surface 'a raises solidarity of the body.
  • the sliding bowl can also carry an endoscopic sensor to visualize the level of casting.
  • the vacuum means will comprise at least one vacuum pump connected on the one hand to the tank and on the other hand to the funnel, a first stop valve being interposed between the pump and the tank and a second cock of the stopping being interposed between the pump and the funnel, control means for opening and / or closing each valve as well as the control of the pouring valve.
  • the figure 1 schematically represents a casting installation 1 according to the invention.
  • Each shell 2 carries a riser 2a which is intended to facilitate the casting and which allows to leave a block of explosive outside the shell body, block on which occur deformations and shrinkage related to cooling. This block is disengaged from the shell after cooling.
  • the installation 1 mainly comprises a pouring vessel 4 which is disposed above one of the munition bodies 2. Concretely the tank 4 will be fixed on a support not shown and position the ammunition body 2 by moving the pallet 3.
  • the tank 4 is made in a conventional manner in a material resistant to corrosion, for example stainless steel. It comprises a lid 4a which can be tilted to close the tank in a sealed manner. It contains an agitator means 5, which is shown very schematically here, and which comprises in a well known manner rotary blades driven by a motor (not shown).
  • the tank 4 comprises a nozzle 4b closed by a pouring valve 6 whose opening and closing are controlled by a control means 7, for example a programmable controller.
  • the tank 5 is connected to a first heating means 8a, such as a boiler.
  • a coolant is passed from the boiler 8a to the tank via a pipe 9 on which a thermostatic valve 10 is placed.
  • the tank has a double wall inside which can circulate the heat transfer fluid.
  • the nozzle 4b is connected to a second boiler 8b by a thermostatic valve 11. This ensures a homogeneous temperature of the explosive material both inside the tank 4 at the nozzle 4b.
  • the implementation of two separate boilers ensures independent heating for the tank 4 and the nozzle 4b.
  • the temperature will be chosen according to the melting characteristics of the material to be cast. Generally for fusible explosive materials, the temperature is between 75 ° C and 100 ° C.
  • a melter 12 which is carried by a pivoting arm 13.
  • This element makes it possible to melt a pyrotechnic component before its introduction into the tank 4.
  • a first fuse component is introduced directly into the melter 12 in which it is melted.
  • the valve 16 can be opened in order to drain it into the tank 4 and mix it with the second component introduced progressively into the tank 4.
  • the agitator 5 will ensure the homogeneity of the mixture.
  • the latter is also connected to the first boiler 8a by a pipe 15 on which is disposed a thermostatic valve 14.
  • the various thermostatic valves 10, 11, 14 may advantageously be controlled by the temperature controller 7 (the links with the PLC are not shown for clarity of the figure).
  • temperature probes will be arranged at the level of the different pipes as well as the tank, the nozzle and the melter.
  • a pouring funnel 18 is fixed at a bottom of the tank, that is to say here to the nozzle 4b. It is intended to ensure the vacuum casting of the explosive in the munition body 2.
  • vacuum means 17 such as a vacuum pump
  • These means make it possible to carry out the vacuum at the level of the tank 4 and also at the level of the casting funnel 18, the nozzle 4b and the munition body 2 on which the funnel 18 is positioned.
  • the vacuum pump 17 is thus connected to the tank 4 by a pipe 21 on which is placed a first shut-off valve 22.
  • the vacuum pump 17 is also connected to the funnel 18 (more precisely to the nozzle 4b situated above the funnel) by a pipe 19 on which is placed a second shut-off valve 20.
  • each valve 20,22 and the control of the pouring valve 6 are provided by the programmable controller 7.
  • the method according to the invention aims to ensure a vacuum casting of the material in the munition body.
  • the structure of the shell bodies (hollow body with a single opening of relatively small diameter, of the order of 40 to 50 mm), makes it difficult to perform a vacuum casting.
  • the invention solves such a problem by proceeding to a vacuum of the interior of the body of the munition, by the pouring orifice itself, and independently of the vacuum made elsewhere in the tank.
  • This funnel 18 is integral with the nozzle 4b (or the bottom of the tank 4). It is constituted by a bucket 23 fixed to the tank 4 by screws (not shown) disposed at an outer collar 23a. Seals 24 ensure the seal at the attachment of the bucket 23 to the tank 4, which allows in particular the realization of the vacuum in the funnel 18 and the ammunition body 2 from the suction provided at the level of the nozzle 4b.
  • the funnel 18 also comprises a bowl 25 which is slidably mounted relative to the cup 23.
  • This bowl has an internal cylindrical portion 25a which slides in a complementary bore of the cup 23.
  • O-ring seals 26 are arranged in worn grooves by the bucket 23. They provide the desired seal against the vacuum.
  • the bowl 25 carries a circular plate 25b on which are fixed guide bushes 27 (regularly distributed angularly on the plate 25b), sleeves in which slide rods 28 integral with the collar 23a of the bucket.
  • This motorization is for example constituted by a small linear jack which is positioned in instead of one of the sockets 27 / rods 28.
  • the front part of the sliding bowl 25 is in the form of a ring 29 which is connected to the bowl 25 (via the plate 25b) by a ball joint.
  • the ring 29 has a spherical outer profile and that it is housed in a complementary cavity carried by the plate 25b.
  • the fastening of the ring 29 and the plate is ensured by a washer 30 which is screwed to the plate 25b and which also has a spherical profile complementary to that of the ring 29.
  • Seals 31 are provided between the ring 29 and the bowl 25. These seals are arranged between the ring 29 and the plate 25b and between the ring 29 and the washer 30.
  • the ring 29 is intended to provide a seal against the vacuum between the funnel 18 and the ammunition body 2 (and more particularly here between the funnel 18 and the riser 2a of the shell).
  • the front portion of the sliding bowl 25, which is constituted by the ring 29, comprises a front portion provided with a circular groove 32 which is intended to cooperate with the upper cylindrical end 33 of the riser 2a.
  • a seal 34 is disposed at the bottom of this groove 32. This seal will be crushed by the upper end 33 of the riser during positioning of the funnel 18.
  • the sliding bowl 25 incorporates an internal deflector (or nozzle) 35 which delimits a passage whose diameter is less than or equal to the internal diameter of the ring 29.
  • This deflector is made for example of bronze and is fixed to the bowl 25. a demountable way. Indeed we can change the deflector 35 to vary the casting diameter to adapt the device to a different shell body. The deflector 35 guides the explosive material during casting avoiding any contact between this material and the ring 29.
  • the figure 3 shows the funnel when in casting position.
  • the motor (controlled by the programmable controller 7) has moved down the plate 25b bearing the ring 29.
  • the latter has capped the extension 2a of the ammunition body 2.
  • the ball joint allows to allow a slight misalignment at this time. positioning which facilitates the loading operations by allowing a slight uncertainty of positioning of the pallet 3 with respect to the funnel 18.
  • the seal 34 is crushed by the end 33 of the riser 2a.
  • the pouring funnel 18 then ensures a tight connection between the munition body 2 and the tank 4.
  • the lid 4a of the vessel 4 is closed again.
  • the components are then kneaded to obtain a homogeneous paste in composition and temperature.
  • Temperature probes arranged inside the tank will control the evolution of the process.
  • a vacuum is produced, first of all at the tundish 4. For this, the valve 22 is opened, the valve 20 being closed. Valve 22 is then closed to isolate this vessel under vacuum.
  • the filling of the ammunition body 2 is then assured despite the viscosity of the mixture.
  • valve 6 After obtaining the desired filling level, the valve 6 is closed again.
  • the volume measurement is ensured by means of an endoscopic probe 36 ( figure 3 ) which is introduced radially into the funnel 18 through a hole 37.
  • This probe carries an optical sensor 39 which is arranged radially relative to the probe so as to observe the contents of the riser 2a.
  • the probe 36 is slidably and sealingly disposed in this hole and it does not disturb the vacuum obtained.
  • the probe is connected to a monitoring screen 38 ( figure 1 ) which is accessible to the casting operator.
  • the method and the device according to the invention are of course adaptable to other types of ammunition than shell bodies, for example to the vacuum casting of explosive charges of missiles, rockets or bombs.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for casting very viscous materials.
  • the vacuum is preferably made in the tank 4 and then in the body 2 while ensuring a difference in the vacuum level between the body 2 and the tank.
  • the vacuum level will be chosen to be greater at the level of the body 2 than at the level of the tank 4, which will have the effect, during the opening of the pouring valve 6, of forcing the material of the tank towards the body 2
  • the difference in vacuum level will depend on the viscosity of the material.
  • the structure of the tank is different and the heating means of the tank and the nozzle are also different and regulated to maintain the materials at the necessary temperature level.
  • the casting will then be done by ensuring a difference in vacuum level between the munition body and the vessel which will allow the casting of these highly viscous materials.
  • the figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the funnel 18 is connected in a sealed manner to the body 2 of the munition via an inflatable bladder 40 integral with the funnel 18.
  • This bladder 40 is made of rubber and has a toric profile. It is secured here to the sliding bowl 25 to which it is fixed by sealed means, for example by annular crimps. It is connected by a pipe 43 to a pump 42 which ensures its inflation and which is actuated by the control means 7.
  • the extension 2a attached to the ammunition body 2 can be introduced into the funnel 18.
  • the bladder 40 is inflated to an appropriate pressure it is applied against a cylindrical surface 41 of the extension 2a and thus ensures tightness.
  • a deflector 35 guides the explosive material during casting avoiding contact between the material and the bladder 40.
  • the bladder 40 also allows to allow a slight misalignment during the positioning of the ammunition which facilitates operations loading by allowing a slight uncertainty of positioning of the pallet 3 with respect to the funnel 18.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahren zum Gießen eines explosiven Materials in einen Munitionskörper (2), wobei bei dem Verfahren das explosive Material in flüssigem oder teigförmigem Zustand in den Munitionskörper (2) mit Hilfe eines Gießgefäßes (4) eingebracht wird, welches durch ein Gießventil (6) geschlossen und über dem Munitionskörper angeordnet ist, wobei bei dem Verfahren ein Gießen des Materials in den Munitionskörper (2) unter Vakuum vorgenommen wird, wobei das Vakuum einerseits in dem Gefäß (4) und andererseits in dem Munitionskörper (2) vor dem Gießen hergestellt wird, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass vor dem Gießen der Munitionskörper (2) unter dem Gefäß (4) angeordnet wird, dann ein Gießtrichter (18) zwischen gesetzt wird, der eine dichte Verbindung zwischen dem Gießgefäß (4) und dem Munitionskörper (2) gewährleistet, dann zunächst das Vakuum im Bereich des Gießgefäßes (4) hergestellt wird, dann dieses Gefäß isoliert wird, schließlich ein Vakuum in dem Munitionskörper (2) und dem Trichter, der in abdichtender Weise mit dem Munitionskörper verbunden ist, hergestellt wird, wobei das Vakuumniveau im Munitionskörper und im Trichter stärker ausgeprägt ist als das Vakuumniveau in dem Gefäß, dann das Gießventil geöffnet wird.
  2. Vorrichtung zum Gießen eines explosiven Materials in einen Munitionskörper (2), welche es ermöglicht, das Verfahren nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch einzusetzen, wobei die Vorrichtung ein dichtes Gießgefäß (4) umfasst, welches von einem Gießventil (6) verschlossen wird und welches über dem Munitionskörper (2) angeordnet ist, welcher eventuell mit einem Aufsatz (2a) versehen ist, wobei die Vorrichtung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie wenigstens einen Gießtrichter (18) umfasst, der zwischen das Gießgefäß (4) und den Munitionskörper (2) (oder den Aufsatz) eingesetzt ist, wobei der Trichter in abdichtender Weise sowohl mit dem Munitionskörper (2) als auch mit dem Gefäß (4) verbunden sein kann, wobei Vakuum erzeugende Mittel (17) vorgesehen sind, um ein Vakuum sowohl im Bereich des Gefäßes (4) als auch im Bereich des Munitionskörpers (2) und des Trichters (18) herzustellen, wobei diese Mittel (17) ein Vakuumniveau im Munitionskörper und Trichter gewährleisten, welches stärker ausgeprägt ist als das Vakuumniveau in dem Gefäß.
  3. Vorrichtung zum Gießen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trichter (18) fest mit einem Boden des Gefäßes verbunden ist und eine in Bezug auf einen festen Becher (23) verschiebbare Schale (25) umfasst, wobei die Schale dafür vorgesehen ist, einen oberen Teil des Munitionskörpers (2) (oder des Aufsatzes (2a)) zu überdecken.
  4. Vorrichtung zum Gießen nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verschiebbare Schale (25) einen vorderen Teil umfasst, welcher mit einer kreisförmigen Nut (32) versehen ist, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, mit einem oberen Teil des Munitionskörpers (2) (oder des Aufsatzes (2a)) zusammenzuwirken, wobei am Boden der Nut ein Dichtring (34) angeordnet ist.
  5. Vorrichtung zum Gießen nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vordere Teil der verschiebbaren Schale (25) in der Form eines Rings (29) ausgeführt ist, welcher durch eine Kugelgelenkverbindung mit der Schale (25) verbunden ist.
  6. Vorrichtung zum Gießen nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verschiebbare Schale (25) einen inneren Abweiser (35) umfasst, welcher ein Loch begrenzt, dessen Durchmesser kleiner oder gleich dem Innendurchmesser des Rings (29) ist, wobei der Abweiser das explosive Material beim Gießen leitet.
  7. Vorrichtung zum Gießen nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Trichter in abdichtender Weise mit dem Munitionskörper (2) mit Hilfe wenigstens einer aufblasbaren Blase verbunden ist, welche fest mit dem Trichter verbunden ist und sich gegen eine zylindrische Fläche eines fest mit dem Körper (2) verbundenen Aufsatzes (2a) anlegt.
  8. Vorrichtung zum Gießen nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verschiebbare Schale (25) einen endoskopischen Sensor (36) trägt, welcher es ermöglicht, das Gießniveau zu zeigen.
  9. Vorrichtung zum Gießen nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vakuum erzeugenden Mittel wenigstens eine Vakuumpumpe (17) umfassen, welche einerseits mit dem Gefäß (4) und andererseits mit dem Trichter (18) verbunden ist, wobei ein erster Absperrhahn (22) zwischen die Pumpe (17) und das Gefäß (4) eingesetzt ist und ein zweiter Absperrhahn (20) zwischen die Pumpe (17) und den Trichter (18) eingesetzt ist, wobei Steuermittel (7) das Öffnen und/oder das Schließen jedes Hahns sowie das Steuern des Gießventils (6) ermöglichen.
EP08871477.9A 2007-10-29 2008-10-27 Verfahren zum giessen eines explosiven materials und gussvorrichtung unter verwendung dieses verfahrens Active EP2215426B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL08871477T PL2215426T3 (pl) 2007-10-29 2008-10-27 Proces odlewania materiału wybuchowego oraz urządzenie do odlewania stosujące ten proces

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0707598A FR2923005B1 (fr) 2007-10-29 2007-10-29 Procede de coulee d'un materiau explosif et dispositif de coulee mettant en oeuvre un tel procede
PCT/FR2008/001513 WO2009092884A2 (fr) 2007-10-29 2008-10-27 Procede de coulee d'un materiau explosif et dispositif de coulee mettant en œuvre un tel procede

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2215426A2 EP2215426A2 (de) 2010-08-11
EP2215426B1 true EP2215426B1 (de) 2013-07-10

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2215426B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2428900T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2923005B1 (de)
PL (1) PL2215426T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2009092884A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2954308B1 (fr) 2009-12-23 2012-02-24 Nexter Munitions Composition explosive fusible/coulable et a vulnerabilite reduite
CN105461494B (zh) * 2015-11-12 2017-06-23 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 用于炸药多发并行浇注成型的装置
CN109631692B (zh) * 2018-12-25 2021-01-05 西安近代化学研究所 一种弹药原位混合装药生产线
CN110440644B (zh) * 2019-08-20 2020-09-22 华南理工大学 一种熔铸炸药装药系统及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE571958A (de) * 1957-10-11
SE435965B (sv) * 1978-06-09 1984-10-29 Gylden Nils O Forfarande for att genom vakuumgjutning framstella rotationssymmetriska sprengemneskroppar for anvendning i laddningar med riktad sprengverkan
GB0205559D0 (en) * 2002-03-11 2002-04-24 Bae Systems Plc Improvements in and relating to the filling of explosive ordnance
GB0205565D0 (en) * 2002-03-11 2002-04-24 Bae Systems Plc Explosives liner
DE202006004623U1 (de) * 2006-03-23 2006-06-08 TDW Gesellschaft für verteidigungstechnische Wirksysteme mbH Gießvorrichtung für kunststoffgebundenen Sprengstoff

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FR2923005A1 (fr) 2009-05-01
WO2009092884A2 (fr) 2009-07-30
WO2009092884A3 (fr) 2009-10-01
ES2428900T3 (es) 2013-11-12
EP2215426A2 (de) 2010-08-11
FR2923005B1 (fr) 2012-10-26
PL2215426T3 (pl) 2013-12-31

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