EP2212612B1 - Pressurized fluid tank and method of manufacturing such a tank - Google Patents

Pressurized fluid tank and method of manufacturing such a tank Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2212612B1
EP2212612B1 EP08842082.3A EP08842082A EP2212612B1 EP 2212612 B1 EP2212612 B1 EP 2212612B1 EP 08842082 A EP08842082 A EP 08842082A EP 2212612 B1 EP2212612 B1 EP 2212612B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
cylindrical wall
partition
basic elements
compartments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08842082.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2212612A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Walser
Bruno Fragniere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
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Publication of EP2212612A1 publication Critical patent/EP2212612A1/en
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Publication of EP2212612B1 publication Critical patent/EP2212612B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0166—Shape complex divided in several chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0171—Shape complex comprising a communication hole between chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/013—Reinforcing means in the vessel, e.g. columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0138—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/232—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the storage of gases under pressure. It is in particular but not only applicable for the storage of gaseous oxygen in a road vehicle, for example a fuel cell vehicle in which it is desired to carry an oxygen reserve under high pressure.
  • the invention proposes for this purpose a metal tank for the storage of gas under high pressure, comprising along its axis a plurality of adjacent compartments separated by partitions, each compartment having a cylindrical wall, a transition zone connecting each partition to the cylindrical wall, the compartments communicating with each other through at least one orifice in each partition, wherein, for a given compartment, the cylindrical wall is connected by an annular weld to the transition zone of the adjacent compartment.
  • the end compartments are different from the central compartments, all the central compartments being identical to each other.
  • the tank has a single input / output interface located at an inlet / outlet end of said tank.
  • the partitions are curved, the concave face of the partitions being oriented towards the inlet / outlet end of the tank.
  • each partition has a single orifice placed in the center of said partition, the diameter of the orifice being between 1 and 5 mm.
  • the basic elements are formed by stamping.
  • the basic elements are formed essentially by removal of material.
  • the plurality of base elements are bonded by electron beam welding.
  • end members are further soldered at both ends of said plurality of base members, the end members being different from the base members.
  • the transition zone of each base element comprises a centering shoulder around which the free edge of the adjacent element is placed
  • the tank has an open end 4 constituting its input / output interface 40 and a closed end 5.
  • the interior of the tank comprises a plurality of partitions 3 which define a plurality of compartments 10.
  • the adjacent compartments communicate through an orifice 6 located in the center of the corresponding partition.
  • the reservoir here consists of five identical basic elements 7 defining five identical central compartments.
  • the end portions of the tank use specific elements 8 and 9, different from the base elements 7.
  • the closed end 5 is constituted by a bottom element 9.
  • the bottom compartment 91 thus defined has a volume similar to that of the central compartments.
  • the bottom element here comprises a threaded rod 51 intended to be fixed to the chassis of the vehicle by means of a movable or flexible intermediate element. This allows to allow axial displacement of the closed end of the tank due to deformations caused by the mechanical and thermal stresses to which it is subjected. It will be understood that this function of holding / guiding the closed end 5 of the reservoir can be carried out in any other appropriate manner, for example by a sliding guide.
  • the open end 4 of the tank 1 is constituted by an input / output element 8 which comprises the input / output interface 40.
  • the input / output interface 40 comprises means of connection to the fluid circuit (see housing 41 for a seal) and further constitutes here a fastening means (see threaded holes 42) of the tank relative to the vehicle.
  • the partitions 3 are preferably curved toward the bottom of the tank as shown here (concave face facing the open end of the tank and the element of which the partition considered).
  • the reservoir of the figure 1 further comprises an element 71 similar to the base elements 7 but whose tubular portion is slightly shorter so that the entry / exit compartment 71 thus defined has a volume equivalent to that of the central compartments 10.
  • sixth basic element 7 could quite to be used in place of this element 71 if it is accepted that the corresponding compartment 71 is a volume slightly higher than the others.
  • each base element 7 (or 71) comprises a partition 3 and a tubular portion 72 of circular section of outer diameter " ⁇ " for forming the cylindrical wall of the tank.
  • Each element is made in one piece, preferably in a metal material and weldable as a stainless steel compatible with oxygen under pressure.
  • the figure 4 shows on a larger scale zone B of the figure 2 . It shows the central portion of the partition 3 which has the orifice 6. As described above, the orifice communicates the two adjacent compartments 10. During the filling of the reservoir, the fluid circulates in the orifice to the right of the figure in order to fill and to put equal pressure all the compartments. When the reservoir feeds a circuit consuming fluid, the fluid flows to the left of the figure, that is to say towards the open end 4 of the reservoir.
  • the central and single orifice 6 constitutes a sonic neck which limits the flow between two adjacent compartments.
  • the essential role of the partitions is to reduce the volume of fluid released instantly in case of rupture of the tank.
  • the partitions and the orifices must be dimensioned in such a way that, in the event of rupture of the reservoir, they can withstand a sudden drop in pressure of at least one compartment even if they must deform therein, including permanently included (plastic).
  • diameter ⁇ 70 mm, filled with oxygen at the pressure of use of 200 bar, it was found that partitions 0.8 mm thick and holes 3 mm in diameter were satisfactory.
  • the diameter of the orifice may vary. Preferably, it is between 1 and 5 mm. Alternatively, there may be a plurality of smaller diameter holes whose effect in terms of overall flow is equivalent.
  • the stamping operation gives its general shape to the element even if reworking is then necessary on the transition zone or on the free edge according to the assembly precision required by the type of connection.
  • electron beam bonding requires relatively high accuracy.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a second embodiment of the tank according to the invention in which the elements are themselves obtained by welding (see weld seam 77) of a tube portion 721 on the shoulder 78 of the partition 3 of similar to what has been described above for the connection between adjacent elements.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown a third embodiment of the reservoir according to the invention.
  • This differs from the second embodiment in that the free edges 761 of the tube portions 721 and the transition zone 732 are configured to allow their assembly and their connection by a single weld bead 75.
  • the free edges are chamfered at 45 ° and the partition 3 has an annular ridge 79 whose lateral slopes are also inclined at 45 °.
  • the working pressure envisaged in the automotive application is 200 bar. This corresponds, according to the standards in force, to a test pressure of 300 bar and a breaking limit of over 450 bar.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the length of the reservoir depends only on the number of basic elements used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au stockage des gaz sous pression. Elle est notamment mais pas uniquement applicable pour le stockage d'oxygène gazeux dans un véhicule routier, par exemple un véhicule à pile à combustible dans lequel on désire embarquer une réserve d'oxygène sous haute pression.The present invention relates to the storage of gases under pressure. It is in particular but not only applicable for the storage of gaseous oxygen in a road vehicle, for example a fuel cell vehicle in which it is desired to carry an oxygen reserve under high pressure.

Dans ce domaine, l'une des difficultés en vue de la production en série de tels véhicules est la conception des réservoirs. En effet, les réservoirs emportés par ces véhicules doivent répondre à d'importantes exigences de sécurité afin de limiter au maximum les conséquences d'un choc ou d'un impact accidentel. Par exemple, lorsque le réservoir est détruit au cours d'un accident dans lequel le véhicule est impliqué ou lorsqu'un projectile tiré par une arme à feu traverse le réservoir, la pression du fluide se trouve brutalement libérée. Du fait des pressions de stockage de l'ordre de 200 à 500 bar, la puissance développée par cette libération de pression peut être importante au point de réunir les conditions de l'oxycoupage. Un objectif est donc de minimiser la puissance développée par la libération de la pression interne du réservoir en cas de rupture de celui-ci. Un autre objectif est de permettre une obtention industrielle de tels réservoirs pour un coût raisonnable, par exemple acceptable pour une application automobile.In this field, one of the difficulties in mass production of such vehicles is the design of tanks. Indeed, the tanks carried by these vehicles must meet important safety requirements in order to minimize the consequences of a shock or accidental impact. For example, when the tank is destroyed during an accident in which the vehicle is involved or when a projectile fired by a firearm passes through the tank, the pressure of the fluid is suddenly released. Because of storage pressures of the order of 200 to 500 bar, the power developed by this pressure release can be important to the point of meeting the conditions of the oxycutting. An objective is therefore to minimize the power developed by the release of the internal pressure of the tank in case of rupture thereof. Another objective is to allow an industrial obtaining such tanks for a reasonable cost, for example acceptable for an automotive application.

L'invention propose pour cela un réservoir métallique pour le stockage de gaz sous haute pression, comprenant le long de son axe une pluralité de compartiments adjacents séparés par des cloisons, chaque compartiment comportant une paroi cylindrique, une zone de transition reliant chaque cloison à la paroi cylindrique, les compartiments communiquant entre eux par au moins un orifice pratiqué dans chaque cloison, dans lequel, pour un compartiment donné, la paroi cylindrique est reliée par une soudure annulaire à la zone de transition du compartiment adjacent. Il est déjà connu de l'art antérieur de construire des réservoirs comprenant des compartiments intérieurs, voir par exemple le document US3615999 , mais ces réservoirs ne sont pas destiné au transport de gaz sous haute pression.The invention proposes for this purpose a metal tank for the storage of gas under high pressure, comprising along its axis a plurality of adjacent compartments separated by partitions, each compartment having a cylindrical wall, a transition zone connecting each partition to the cylindrical wall, the compartments communicating with each other through at least one orifice in each partition, wherein, for a given compartment, the cylindrical wall is connected by an annular weld to the transition zone of the adjacent compartment. It is already known from the prior art to construct tanks comprising interior compartments, see for example the document US3615999 , but these tanks are not intended for the transport of gas under high pressure.

De préférence, les compartiments d'extrémité sont différents des compartiments centraux, tous les compartiments centraux étant identiques entre eux.Preferably, the end compartments are different from the central compartments, all the central compartments being identical to each other.

De préférence, le réservoir comporte une interface d'entrée/sortie unique situé à une extrémité d'entrée/sortie dudit réservoir. De préférence encore, les cloisons sont bombées, la face concave des cloisons étant orientée vers l'extrémité d'entrée/sortie du réservoir.Preferably, the tank has a single input / output interface located at an inlet / outlet end of said tank. More preferably, the partitions are curved, the concave face of the partitions being oriented towards the inlet / outlet end of the tank.

De préférence, chaque cloison comporte un orifice unique, placé au centre de ladite cloison, le diamètre de l'orifice étant compris entre 1 et 5 mm.Preferably, each partition has a single orifice placed in the center of said partition, the diameter of the orifice being between 1 and 5 mm.

L'invention propose également une méthode d'obtention d'un réservoir métallique pour le stockage de gaz sous haute pression, la méthode comprenant successivement les étapes suivantes :

  • former des éléments de base comprenant une paroi cylindrique de section ronde, une cloison comportant un orifice et disposée perpendiculairement à l'axe de la paroi cylindrique, une zone de transition reliant une première extrémité de la paroi cylindrique à la cloison, une deuxième extrémité de la paroi cylindrique constituant un bord libre,
  • juxtaposer une pluralité d'éléments de base identiques de manière à faire coïncider les axes respectifs des parois cylindriques,
  • lier ladite pluralité d'éléments de base par soudage du bord libre de l'extrémité de la paroi cylindrique de chaque élément de base sur la zone de transition de l'élément adjacent.
The invention also proposes a method for obtaining a metal reservoir for the storage of gas under high pressure, the method comprising successively the following steps:
  • forming base elements comprising a cylindrical wall of round section, a partition having an orifice and arranged perpendicularly to the axis of the cylindrical wall, a transition zone connecting a first end of the cylindrical wall to the partition, a second end of the cylindrical wall constituting a free edge,
  • juxtaposing a plurality of identical basic elements so as to make the respective axes of the cylindrical walls coincide,
  • bonding said plurality of base members by welding the free edge of the end of the cylindrical wall of each base member to the transition zone of the adjacent member.

De préférence, on forme les éléments de base essentiellement par emboutissage.Preferably, the basic elements are formed by stamping.

Alternativement, on forme les éléments de base essentiellement par enlèvement de matière.Alternatively, the basic elements are formed essentially by removal of material.

De préférence, on lie la pluralité d'éléments de base par soudage par faisceau d'électrons.Preferably, the plurality of base elements are bonded by electron beam welding.

De préférence, on soude en outre des éléments d'extrémités aux deux extrémités de ladite pluralité d'éléments de base, les éléments d'extrémités étant différents des éléments de base.Preferably, end members are further soldered at both ends of said plurality of base members, the end members being different from the base members.

De préférence, la zone de transition de chaque élément de base comporte un épaulement de centrage autour duquel on place le bord libre de l'élément adjacentPreferably, the transition zone of each base element comprises a centering shoulder around which the free edge of the adjacent element is placed

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront grâce à la description de modes préférés de réalisation. Les figures représentent respectivement:

  • Figure 1 : vue en perspective et en coupe partielle d'un réservoir selon l'invention ;
  • Figure 2 : vue plane de deux éléments de base du réservoir de la figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 : vue en coupe selon un plan contenant l'axe du réservoir du détail de la liaison entre deux éléments du réservoir de la figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 : vue en coupe selon un plan contenant l'axe du réservoir du détail de l'orifice de communication entre deux compartiments du réservoir de la figure 1 ;
  • Figure 5 : vue en coupe similaire à la figure 4 du détail d'une liaison selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • Figure 6 : vue en coupe similaire aux figures 4 et 5 du détail d'une liaison selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of preferred embodiments. The figures represent respectively:
  • Figure 1 : Perspective view and partial section of a reservoir according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 : plan view of two basic elements of the reservoir of the figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 : view in section along a plane containing the axis of the reservoir of the detail of the connection between two elements of the reservoir of the figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 : view in section along a plane containing the reservoir axis of the detail of the communication orifice between two compartments of the reservoir of the figure 1 ;
  • Figure 5 : sectional view similar to the figure 4 the detail of a link according to a second embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 6 : sectional view similar to figures 4 and 5 detail of a connection according to a third embodiment of the invention.

En référence à la figure 1, on voit en coupe partielle un réservoir 1 de forme générale cylindrique selon un axe 2. le réservoir comporte une extrémité ouverte 4 constituant son interface d'entrée/sortie 40 et une extrémité fermée 5. L'intérieur du réservoir comporte une pluralité de cloisons 3 qui définissent une pluralité de compartiments 10. Les compartiments adjacents communiquent par un orifice 6 situé au centre de la cloison correspondante. Le réservoir est ici constitué de cinq éléments de base 7 identiques définissant cinq compartiments centraux 10 identiques. Les parties d'extrémité du réservoir utilisent des éléments spécifiques 8 et 9, différents des éléments de base 7.With reference to the figure 1 , we see in partial section a tank 1 of generally cylindrical shape along an axis 2. the tank has an open end 4 constituting its input / output interface 40 and a closed end 5. The interior of the tank comprises a plurality of partitions 3 which define a plurality of compartments 10. The adjacent compartments communicate through an orifice 6 located in the center of the corresponding partition. The reservoir here consists of five identical basic elements 7 defining five identical central compartments. The end portions of the tank use specific elements 8 and 9, different from the base elements 7.

L'extrémité fermée 5 est constituée par un élément de fond 9. Le compartiment de fond 91 ainsi défini a un volume similaire à celui des compartiments centraux. L'élément de fond comporte ici une tige filetée 51 destinée à être fixée au châssis du véhicule par l'intermédiaire d'un élément intermédiaire mobile ou flexible. Ceci permet d'autoriser un déplacement axial de l'extrémité fermée du réservoir du fait des déformations occasionnées par les contraintes mécaniques et thermiques auquel il est soumis. On comprend que cette fonction de maintien/guidage de l'extrémité fermée 5 du réservoir peut être réalisée de tout autre manière appropriée, par exemple par un guidage coulissant.The closed end 5 is constituted by a bottom element 9. The bottom compartment 91 thus defined has a volume similar to that of the central compartments. The bottom element here comprises a threaded rod 51 intended to be fixed to the chassis of the vehicle by means of a movable or flexible intermediate element. This allows to allow axial displacement of the closed end of the tank due to deformations caused by the mechanical and thermal stresses to which it is subjected. It will be understood that this function of holding / guiding the closed end 5 of the reservoir can be carried out in any other appropriate manner, for example by a sliding guide.

L'extrémité ouverte 4 du réservoir 1 est constituée par un élément d'entrée/sortie 8 qui comporte l'interface d'entrée/sortie 40. L'interface d'entrée/sortie 40 comprend des moyens de connexion au circuit de fluide (voir logement 41 pour un joint d'étanchéité) et constitue en outre ici un moyen de fixation (voir trous filetés 42) du réservoir par rapport au véhicule.The open end 4 of the tank 1 is constituted by an input / output element 8 which comprises the input / output interface 40. The input / output interface 40 comprises means of connection to the fluid circuit ( see housing 41 for a seal) and further constitutes here a fastening means (see threaded holes 42) of the tank relative to the vehicle.

Les cloisons 3 sont de préférence bombées vers le fond du réservoir comme représenté ici (face concave orientée vers l'extrémité ouverte du réservoir et de l'élément dont fait partie la cloison considérée).The partitions 3 are preferably curved toward the bottom of the tank as shown here (concave face facing the open end of the tank and the element of which the partition considered).

Le réservoir de la figure 1 comprend en outre un élément 71 similaire aux éléments de base 7 mais dont la partie tubulaire est légèrement plus courte afin que le compartiment d'entrée/sortie 71 ainsi défini ait un volume équivalent à celui des compartiments centraux 10. On comprend cependant qu'un sixième élément de base 7 pourrait tout à fait être utilisé à la place de cet élément 71 si l'on accepte que le compartiment correspondant 71 soit d'un volume légèrement supérieur aux autres.The reservoir of the figure 1 further comprises an element 71 similar to the base elements 7 but whose tubular portion is slightly shorter so that the entry / exit compartment 71 thus defined has a volume equivalent to that of the central compartments 10. sixth basic element 7 could quite to be used in place of this element 71 if it is accepted that the corresponding compartment 71 is a volume slightly higher than the others.

Sur la figure 2 qui montre deux éléments de base avant leur assemblage, on voit bien que chaque élément de base 7 (ou 71) comprend une cloison 3 et une partie tubulaire 72 de section circulaire de diamètre extérieur « φ » destinée à constituer la paroi cylindrique du réservoir. Chaque élément est réalisé en une seule pièce, de préférence dans un matériau métallique et soudable comme un acier inoxydable compatible avec l'oxygène sous pression.On the figure 2 which shows two basic elements before assembly, it is clear that each base element 7 (or 71) comprises a partition 3 and a tubular portion 72 of circular section of outer diameter "φ" for forming the cylindrical wall of the tank. Each element is made in one piece, preferably in a metal material and weldable as a stainless steel compatible with oxygen under pressure.

Tous les éléments (de base comme d'extrémité) sont ensuite reliés entre eux de manière étanche comme illustré par la figure 3 qui montre en détail un mode de réalisation de la liaison entre deux éléments adjacents. Sur cette figure, on voit la zone de transition 73 qui relie la partie tubulaire 72 et la cloison 3 d'un élément de base monobloc. Le bord libre 76 de la partie tubulaire 72 d'un élément adjacent 7' vient prendre place autour d'un épaulement de centrage 74 de cette zone de transition. Un cordon de soudure périphérique 75 vient alors solidariser les deux éléments de manière étanche. La liaison illustrée ici concerne deux éléments de base mais le même type de liaison peut être utilisé pour les éléments d'extrémité 8 et 9 comme on le devine à la figure 1. En particulier, la zone de transition de l'élément d'entrée/sortie 8 est différente du fait que l'élément d'entrée/sortie 8 est dépourvu de cloison mais la liaison entre cet élément 8 et l'élément adjacent 70 peut être réalisée de la même manière que les autres.All elements (basic and end) are then connected together in a sealed manner as illustrated by the figure 3 which shows in detail an embodiment of the connection between two adjacent elements. In this figure, we see the transition zone 73 which connects the tubular portion 72 and the partition 3 of a monobloc base member. The free edge 76 of the tubular portion 72 of an adjacent element 7 'comes to take place around a centering shoulder 74 of this transition zone. A peripheral weld seam 75 then joins the two elements tightly. The link illustrated here relates to two basic elements but the same type of connection can be used for the end elements 8 and 9 as we can guess at the figure 1 . In particular, the transition zone of the input / output element 8 is different because the input / output element 8 has no partition but the connection between this element 8 and the adjacent element 70 can be performed in the same way as the others.

La figure 4 montre à une plus grande échelle la zone B de la figure 2. On y voit la partie centrale de la cloison 3 qui comporte l'orifice 6. Comme décrit plus haut, l'orifice met en communication les deux compartiments 10 adjacents. Au cours du remplissage du réservoir, le fluide circule dans l'orifice vers la droite de la figure afin de remplir et mettre à égale pression tous les compartiments. Lorsque le réservoir alimente un circuit consommant du fluide, le fluide circule vers la gauche de la figure, c'est à dire vers l'extrémité ouverte 4 du réservoir. L'orifice central et unique 6 constitue un col sonique qui limite le débit entre deux compartiments adjacents.The figure 4 shows on a larger scale zone B of the figure 2 . It shows the central portion of the partition 3 which has the orifice 6. As described above, the orifice communicates the two adjacent compartments 10. During the filling of the reservoir, the fluid circulates in the orifice to the right of the figure in order to fill and to put equal pressure all the compartments. When the reservoir feeds a circuit consuming fluid, the fluid flows to the left of the figure, that is to say towards the open end 4 of the reservoir. The central and single orifice 6 constitutes a sonic neck which limits the flow between two adjacent compartments.

Le rôle essentiel des cloisons est de réduire le volume de fluide libéré instantanément en cas de rupture du réservoir. De préférence, les cloisons et les orifices doivent être dimensionnés de telle façon qu'ils puissent, en cas de rupture du réservoir, résister à une chute de pression brutale d'au moins un compartiment même s'ils doivent pour cela se déformer, y compris de manière permanente (plastique). Pour un réservoir réalisé en acier inoxydable dont la limite à la rupture est de 1100 MPa, de diamètre φ = 70 mm, rempli d'oxygène à la pression d'usage de 200 bar, on a constaté que des cloisons de 0.8 mm d'épais et des orifices de 3 mm de diamètre ont donné toute satisfaction. Selon les dimensions du réservoir, le diamètre de l'orifice peut varier. De préférence, il est compris entre 1 et 5 mm. Alternativement, on peut avoir une pluralité de trous de diamètre plus réduit dont l'effet en terme de débit global est équivalent.The essential role of the partitions is to reduce the volume of fluid released instantly in case of rupture of the tank. Preferably, the partitions and the orifices must be dimensioned in such a way that, in the event of rupture of the reservoir, they can withstand a sudden drop in pressure of at least one compartment even if they must deform therein, including permanently included (plastic). For a tank made of stainless steel whose limit at break is 1100 MPa, diameter φ = 70 mm, filled with oxygen at the pressure of use of 200 bar, it was found that partitions 0.8 mm thick and holes 3 mm in diameter were satisfactory. Depending on the dimensions of the tank, the diameter of the orifice may vary. Preferably, it is between 1 and 5 mm. Alternatively, there may be a plurality of smaller diameter holes whose effect in terms of overall flow is equivalent.

Le fait que les cloisons soient bombées vers le fond du réservoir permet de remplir le réservoir sous une pression de remplissage relativement élevée par rapport à la pression de stockage visée sans endommager les cloisons car elles peuvent supporter une différence de pression importante entre deux compartiments successifs (de la gauche vers la droite sur les figures). De cette façon le remplissage peut être rapide. Au contraire, lorsque le fluide est ensuite consommé par le circuit qu'il alimente, la différence de pression à laquelle les cloisons sont soumises est bien moindre (voire négligeable) puisque le débit est bien plus faible que lors du remplissage.The fact that the partitions are curved towards the bottom of the tank makes it possible to fill the tank under a relatively high filling pressure relative to the target storage pressure without damaging the partitions because they can withstand a significant pressure difference between two successive compartments ( from left to right in the figures). This way the filling can be fast. On the contrary, when the fluid is then consumed by the circuit it feeds, the pressure difference to which the partitions are subjected is much less (or negligible) since the flow rate is much lower than during filling.

De préférence, le réservoir est fabriqué selon la méthode suivante :

  • On forme des éléments de base et des éléments spécifiques d'extrémités, par exemple par enlèvement de matière (tournage, fraisage), par emboutissage ou par toute technique adaptée au matériau choisi,
  • On assemble les éléments constitutifs d'un réservoir le long de son axe,
  • On réalise une liaison définitive du bord libre 76 de la paroi cylindrique 72 de chaque élément avec la zone de transition 73 de l'élément adjacent, par exemple par soudage par faisceau d'électrons (dit aussi par bombardement électronique), soudure laser ou par friction.
Preferably, the tank is manufactured according to the following method:
  • Base elements and specific end elements are formed, for example by removal of material (turning, milling), by stamping or by any technique adapted to the material chosen,
  • The constituent elements of a reservoir are assembled along its axis,
  • Final connection is made of the free edge 76 of the cylindrical wall 72 of each element with the transition zone 73 of the adjacent element, for example by electron beam welding (also known as electron beam bombardment), laser welding or by friction.

Lorsque l'on dit que les éléments sont obtenus essentiellement par emboutissage, on veut dire que l'opération d'emboutissage donne sa forme générale à l'élément même si des reprises d'usinages sont ensuite nécessaires sur la zone de transition ou sur le bord libre selon la précision d'assemblage exigée par le type de liaison. On sait par exemple qu'une liaison par soudage par faisceau d'électrons exige une précision relativement élevée.When it is said that the elements are obtained essentially by stamping, it is meant that the stamping operation gives its general shape to the element even if reworking is then necessary on the transition zone or on the free edge according to the assembly precision required by the type of connection. For example, it is known that electron beam bonding requires relatively high accuracy.

A la figure 5, on a représenté un deuxième mode de réalisation du réservoir selon l'invention dans lesquels les éléments sont eux-mêmes obtenus par soudage (voir cordon de soudure 77) d'une portion de tube 721 sur l'épaulement 78 de la cloison 3 de manière similaire à ce qui a été décrit plus haut pour la liaison entre éléments adjacents.To the figure 5 , there is shown a second embodiment of the tank according to the invention in which the elements are themselves obtained by welding (see weld seam 77) of a tube portion 721 on the shoulder 78 of the partition 3 of similar to what has been described above for the connection between adjacent elements.

A la figure 6, on a représenté un troisième mode de réalisation du réservoir selon l'invention. Celui-ci diffère du deuxième mode de réalisation en ce que les bords libres 761 des portions de tube 721 et la zone de transition 732 sont configurés de manière à permettre leur assemblage et leur liaison par un cordon de soudure 75 unique. Sur cet exemple, les bords libres sont biseautés à 45° et la cloison 3 comporte une arête annulaire 79 dont les pentes latérales sont également inclinées à 45°.To the figure 6 , there is shown a third embodiment of the reservoir according to the invention. This differs from the second embodiment in that the free edges 761 of the tube portions 721 and the transition zone 732 are configured to allow their assembly and their connection by a single weld bead 75. In this example, the free edges are chamfered at 45 ° and the partition 3 has an annular ridge 79 whose lateral slopes are also inclined at 45 °.

L'invention a été décrite dans une application particulière à un réservoir de véhicule, on comprend qu'elle peut également s'appliquer dans le cas de réservoirs stationnaires de plus ou moins grande capacité.The invention has been described in a particular application to a vehicle tank, it is understood that it can also be applied in the case of stationary tanks of greater or lesser capacity.

La pression d'usage envisagée dans l'application automobile est de 200 bar. Ceci correspond selon les normes en vigueur à une pression d'épreuve de 300 bar et une limite de rupture supérieure à 450 bar.The working pressure envisaged in the automotive application is 200 bar. This corresponds, according to the standards in force, to a test pressure of 300 bar and a breaking limit of over 450 bar.

Un avantage de l'invention est que la longueur du réservoir ne dépend que du nombre d'éléments de base mis en oeuvre.An advantage of the invention is that the length of the reservoir depends only on the number of basic elements used.

Claims (11)

  1. Metal tank (1) for storing fluid under high pressure, comprising, along its axis (2), a plurality of adjacent compartments (10, 71, 91) separated by partitions (3), each compartment having a cylindrical wall (72), a transition zone (73) connecting each partition to the cylindrical wall, the compartments communicating with one another via at least one orifice (6) made in each partition, in which, for a given compartment, the cylindrical wall is connected via an annular weld (75) to the transition zone of the adjacent compartment.
  2. Tank according to Claim 1, in which the end compartments (71, 91) differ from the central compartments (10), all the central compartments being identical to one another.
  3. Tank according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a single inlet/outlet interface (40) situated at an inlet/outlet end (4) of the said tank.
  4. Tank according to Claim 3, in which the partitions are domed, the concave face of the partitions facing towards the inlet/outlet end of the tank.
  5. Tank according to one of the preceding claims, in which each partition has a single orifice (6), placed in the centre of the said partition, the diameter of the orifice (φ) ranging between 1 and 5 mm.
  6. Method of manufacturing a metal tank for storing fluid under high pressure, the method comprising the following steps in turn:
    • forming basic elements comprising a cylindrical wall (72) of round cross section, a partition (3) comprising an orifice (6) and fitted perpendicular to the axis (2) of the cylindrical wall, a transition zone (73) connecting a first end of the cylindrical wall to the partition, a second end of the cylindrical wall constituting a free edge (76),
    • juxtaposing a plurality of identical basic elements in such a way as to cause the respective axes of the cylindrical walls to coincide,
    • joining the said plurality of basic elements together by welding the free edge of the end of the cylindrical wall of each basic element to the transition zone of the adjacent element.
  7. Method according to Claim 6 in which the basic elements are essentially formed by drawing.
  8. Method according to Claim 6 in which the basic elements are essentially formed by the removal of material.
  9. Method according to one of Claims 6 to 8, in which the plurality of basic elements are joined together by electron beam welding.
  10. Method according to one of Claims 6 to 9, in which end elements (8, 9) are also welded to the two ends of the said plurality of basic elements (7), the end elements differing from the basic elements.
  11. Method according to one of Claims 6 to 10, in which the transition zone (73) of each basic element (7) comprises a centring shoulder (74) around which the free edge (76) of the adjacent element (7') is positioned.
EP08842082.3A 2007-10-24 2008-10-22 Pressurized fluid tank and method of manufacturing such a tank Not-in-force EP2212612B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0758545A FR2922993B1 (en) 2007-10-24 2007-10-24 PRESSURE FLUID RESERVOIR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A RESERVOIR.
PCT/EP2008/064245 WO2009053374A1 (en) 2007-10-24 2008-10-22 Pressurized fluid tank and method of manufacturing such a tank

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EP2212612A1 EP2212612A1 (en) 2010-08-04
EP2212612B1 true EP2212612B1 (en) 2018-09-19

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EP (1) EP2212612B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2011501072A (en)
CN (1) CN101836027A (en)
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WO (1) WO2009053374A1 (en)

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WO2009053374A1 (en) 2009-04-30
EP2212612A1 (en) 2010-08-04
FR2922993B1 (en) 2010-02-26
FR2922993A1 (en) 2009-05-01
JP2011501072A (en) 2011-01-06
CN101836027A (en) 2010-09-15
US20110226781A1 (en) 2011-09-22

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