EP2211098A1 - Method for processing industrial and domestic wastes - Google Patents

Method for processing industrial and domestic wastes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2211098A1
EP2211098A1 EP08794264A EP08794264A EP2211098A1 EP 2211098 A1 EP2211098 A1 EP 2211098A1 EP 08794264 A EP08794264 A EP 08794264A EP 08794264 A EP08794264 A EP 08794264A EP 2211098 A1 EP2211098 A1 EP 2211098A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
area
temperature
processing
pipe
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP08794264A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sergiy Yuriyovych Stryzhak
Roman Petrovych Shved
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP2211098A1 publication Critical patent/EP2211098A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to chemical technology and equipment, in particular, to methods and apparatuses for processing (pyrolysis and gasification) in volume in molten salts and/or alkalis of household and industrial waste containing organic substances.
  • US Patent No. 6799595 IPC F16K 13/00, F16K 13/10 describes the method for waste processing, which comprises waste supply into molten salts or alkalis and the apparatus for implementation thereof, wherein the waste is fed into the melt in air stream. At that flameless oxidation of waste occurs.
  • the closest technical solution for inventive method is the method for industrial and household waste processing, comprising waste supply through loading channel into the melt of salt or alkali mix, known from RU Patent No. 228021 , IPC F23G 5/00.
  • the method for waste processing in melt is carried out at the absence of oxygen.
  • Depending on morphological structure of waste calculated quantity of mineral additives are added to them in order to minimize the amount of gas which is obtained during waste processing.
  • UA patent No. 75555 IPC C10B 49/00, F23G 7/00 describes the apparatus for waste processing, which comprises the vessel with conical bottom, device for waste loading with vertical loading pipe, shell coaxial with the vessel and loading pipe, screw surfaces inside of the shell and displacing device connected with the conical bottom.
  • the disadvantage of said solutions is that the volume minimization is connected with degradation of both thermal power of obtained gas and its chemical composition. It impedes the use of obtained gas both in power generation cycle and for synthesis of, e.g., petrol.
  • the object of the invention is to increase the cost-effectiveness by acceleration of processing, to increase quality and quantity of gas obtained at processing for its further use and to improve slag discharge conditions.
  • inventive method for organic industrial and household waste processing comprising the supply of waste into the apparatus - reactor through the vertical loading channel into molten salt and/or alkali mix to area of high-temperature processing within the temperature range from 850 to 950°C.
  • Wastes are supplied into the reactor through the pipe of loading device and movable gas-tight plug is formed by compression of waste using a piston.
  • An area of low-temperature waste processing is formed in operating volume of vertical loading pipe, for this purpose temperature regime within the range from 20 to 550 °C is set along it, at that case temperature regulation is carried out by dosed supply of water vapor and/or carbon dioxide into the layer of products of low-temperature processing, formed in loading channel.
  • metals, and oxides, salts or oxide hydrates thereof can be added to melt as catalysts.
  • water vapor and/or carbon dioxide can be supplied to the area of high-temperature processing, and for melt regeneration silicon dioxide is added to waste.
  • Said apparatus comprises the vessel with conical bottom, device for waste loading with vertical loading channel, shell, which is located concentrically relative to the vessel with screw surfaces inside, heating tubes, cutter, located over the shell, displacing device, connected through the mouth with conical bottom of the vessel, loading channel chamber, where the reactor pipe is placed coaxially with the waste loading pipe, at that case lower opened end of loading device pipe is located at the level of upper end of reactor pipe.
  • the pipe of loading device is equipped with the cooler in the area of gas-tight plug formation, and reactor pipe has longitudinal slits, widening downwards, damper chamber is located outside reactor pipe, and the pipe for supply of water vapor and/or carbon dioxide is introduced into said pipe.
  • Screw surfaces inside the shell can be made as blades, and lower blades are made with elevation from the center to peripheral part in radial direction, and blades located above are made horizontal in radial direction, and blades of the upper layer are equipped with aprons used to direct liquid-gas flow to the center, and each blade is installed with a gap relative to underlying blade and with overlap in horizontal position.
  • the diameter of the loading device pipe can be less than the diameter of the reactor pipe, and the diameter of the reactor pipe is less than the diameter of damper chamber.
  • the method can be realized in the reactor, which is schematically depicted in the following Figures:
  • Fig. 2 symbolically depicts the distribution of functional areas in reactor's operating volume, where various stages of waste processing are occurred, wherein:
  • the reactor for industrial and household waste processing has cylindrical vessel 1 with conical bottom 2.
  • Device for waste loading 4 is installed in direction of the vessel 1, at that the lower end of the waste loading device 4 is located under reactor's cover.
  • Vertical loading channel 3 of the waste loading device 4 is equipped with the piston 5 with the drive 6 of reciprocal motion and cooler 7.
  • the lower open outlet end of the loading device pipe 4 is located at level of the lower end of the cooler 7.
  • the pipe of the loading device 4 has an opening for waste supply into the loading device pipe 4 under the upper position of the piston 5.
  • the loading device pipe 4 is turned into the reactor pipe 8 in such a way that the upper annular clearance between the pipe of the loading device 4 and reactor pipe 8 is blocked with the bridge 9.
  • Damper chamber 10 is located coaxially with reactor pipe 8 outside of it.
  • the diameter of the loading device pipe 4 can be less than the diameter of the reactor pipe 8, and the diameter of the reactor pipe 8 is less than the diameter of damper chamber 10.
  • the reactor pipe 8 contains the slits, which are enlarged downwards.
  • the pipe 11 for supply of vapor and/or carbon dioxide is introduced into the damper chamber 10.
  • the shell 12 is placed coaxially to the reactor pipe 8 and the pipe of loading device 4 in the vessel 1, the lower end of said shell is located under the end of reactor pipe 8, and the upper one is located above the melt level.
  • One or several screw surfaces or guiding blades 13 are installed in annular space between the damper chamber 10 and the shell 12, at that lower blades are made as sloped from the center to the periphery in radial direction and the blades are located above, in horizontal and vertical directions, the blades of the upper layer are equipped with aprons for liquid-gas flow guiding to the center. Also, the blades are installed with a gap relative to the underlying blade in vertical direction with overlap in horizontal direction. The blades are located spirally in vertical direction. Such way of blade making allows to have maximal dispensing of gas bubbles and to enlarge gas path in the melt, thus, to intensify heat mass exchange.
  • the heating tubes 14 are located in the area between the shell 12 and the vessel 1.
  • the impingement plate 15 is located over the shell 12 with a gap.
  • the upper part of the vessel 1 comprises the pipe branch 16 for gaseous processing products discharge.
  • the conical bottom 2 is connected with the displacing device 17, the mouth 18 of which is equipped with the covering 19.
  • the displacing device 17 is made in the form of inverse cone and has the external heater 20, plug 25 with a drive and the bottom 21, which can be made as flap or as a gate valve.
  • the bottom 21 is opened by the means of driving mechanism 23 and comprises plate heater 22.
  • the vessel 1 contains melt's level sensor 24.
  • the heating tubes 14 and the heater 20 are permanently switched on and they heat up the melt within the reactor vessel and displacing device to the temperature of 900-950 °C.
  • the flap bottom 21 is adjoined to the displacing device 17.
  • the plug 25 is at the upper position. Dispensed waste portions are supplied to the loading device pipe 4 under the piston 5 in the moments when the piston is at the uppermost position. At motion of the piston 5 downward the waste is compressed due to pipe wall friction and upon achievement of primarily installed plug they move it along the loading channel. And this is repeated sequentially portion by portion.
  • temperature area is formed in the vertical loading channel, this area consists of several sections, where the following processes take place:
  • Area 2 Area of gas dynamic liquid melt. Operating area. This is the area of high-temperature processing with the temperature range, maintained by heaters - heating tubes from 850 to 950 °C. Therein complete decomposition of raw materials, thermal shock processes for destruction, cleavage of non-saturated hydrocarbons and aromatic rings at practically total lack of reactions of aromatic rings formation, purification of formed gases from liquid and solid processing components, and beginning of catalytic process for carbon gasification occur according to main reactions: and to a lesser extent
  • the dynamics of melt in this area is performed due to bearing capacity of gas formed at raw materials processing, both in the area of loading channel and in operating area as such.
  • reactions with reagents (CaO, K 2 O, Na 2 O, NaOH, KOH etc.), fed into the reactor with raw materials or formed with it, are intensified within the operating area due to melt dynamics.
  • reagents CaO, K 2 O, Na 2 O, NaOH, KOH etc.
  • One of the functions of these reagents is to accept CO 2 , for example:
  • Gases formed within the area of low-temperature processing, form gas bubbles in the melt, which on the way to the surface in closed volume of the operating area capture the melt, forming gas lift flow in such a way. While lifting the gas is warmed up by the melt both by convection and heat radiation. But at the first stage of the process warming up is weak due to poor transparence of gas, contaminated with liquid and solid processing products, small surface of the bubble relative to its volume, as well as due to endothermic nature of chemical reactions taking place.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) which is contained in gas of loading channel, passes into the melt and reacts with inorganic components of the latter and raw materials both in areas of low-temperature and high-temperature processing, forming at that corresponding carbonates. Similar interaction occurs at the initial stage, when gas and inorganic compounds are not sufficiently heated. This reaction occurs with heat evolution, which facilitates warming up of the reagents. Formed carbonates move within the melt with gradual heating. In the upper part of operating area or warming area, thermal decomposition of carbonates occurs with isolation of CO 2 in a form of the smallest bubbles. In such a way carbon dioxide is dispersed and distributed in the whole volume of melt within the reactor, where it reacts with carbon.
  • Molten salts of alkali and alkaline-earth metals is powerful redox environment where reduction of elementary chemical elements from oxides takes place, carbon is oxidized by reactions with H 2 O and CO 2 with formation of gases containing H 2 , CO, CO 2 , CH 4 and other components under the influence of gas dynamic processes and high temperature. Organic and inorganic structures are destroyed with simultaneous formation of new chemical compounds.
  • formed metals can interact with compounds, which are present in the melt, for example:
  • Thermodynamic properties of the melt play important role in activation of these processes, namely, high heat capacity and thermal conductivity, which, correspondingly, are three and more orders higher than gas has, which is, in turn, facilitates the increasing of efficiency of energy transfer in the process of thermal decomposition of raw materials and carbon gasification.
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons are not formed due to the following factors:
  • the area of melt cutting off is used for change of direction of upward gas flow at the outlet from reactor operating area following by its distribution in the whole volume of heating area.
  • the cutter is made as a plate and is also used for:
  • Gas area is located over the melt mirror and has a volume, which is approximately equal to one third of the cylindrical shell of the reactor. It is intended for maximal separation of obtained gas from the melt. This area is the continuation of reaction areas, and its temperature varies within the limits of 900 - 700 °C. The reactions of interaction of warmed gases, water vapors and pyrocarbon are continued in the whole volume of gas area.
  • the heating area is located between the internal wall of reactor vessel and the shell of operating area. It contains heating tubes, performing indirect internal heating of molten salts to the temperature of 950 °C by electrical or other method.
  • This area is, per se, a circulation circuit with the heating of melt.
  • the gas in heating area is passed in direction opposite to falling melt flow, containing carbon as well as inorganic residue of raw materials.
  • HCl is formed at decomposition of chlorinated organic molecules present in raw materials.
  • the decomposition of carbonates can occur both in the heating area and the upper part of the operation area.
  • the area is located in the lower part of internal volume of the reactor between the operation area and the cone of displacing system.
  • inorganic components supplied together with raw materials into the melt, as well as the components formed and not reacted during the process of operation of the reactor, are separated by densities.
  • densities such as CaSiO 3 , CaCO 3 , CaS, CaO, SiO 2 etc.
  • Area 7 Area of the displacing system.
  • the area of the displacing system is located at the bottom of reactor volume, between its cone part and the lower gate.
  • the displacing area is made as truncated cone with slight angle of opening. It has separate external heating element, which warms up and maintains the temperature of 900 °C inside the displacing volume.
  • the lower part of the cone is equipped with the gate, intended for short-term opening at removal of formed residue and for draining of the whole molten volume of the reactor.
  • Na 2 O + SiO 2 Na 2 SiO 3 followed by maximal displacing of the melt with infusible inorganic residue.
  • composition of obtained gas is carried out.
  • the salts, oxides or oxide hydrates of alkali-earth metals, for example, calcium oxide are added to waste before the loading.
  • the principle of reactor operation is the implementation of constant melt circulation under the influence of gases formed as the result of organic waste processing. It is performed as follows: the melt, set in motion and discharged under the influence of gas lift from the space between damper chamber and operation area shell, as well as twisted on screw surfaces or special blades, and hampered from the impingement plate, is supplied with twisting into the area between operation area shell and reactor vessel. At that the melt passes downwards along the surfaces of heating tubes, carrying carbonaceous solid components of processing.
  • the increasing of raw materials supply volume results in more intensive gas formation, and hence leads to more intensive melt circulation, which, in turn, allows to compensate increased heat consumption for raw materials processing at the expense of more intensive heat exchange of heating tubes with the melt.
  • Solid non-fused slugs formed as the result of the processing and fed into the reactor together with the raw material are separated from main melt volume in the cone part of the reactor and deposited in the displacing device, with displacement of lighter melt from said device. This results in increase of the melt level in the reactor.
  • the sensor of melt level signalizes that the melt level is increased on value, which corresponds to the volume of displacing device, waste supply is stopped.
  • the locking plug of the displacing device is lowered by means of the drive into the mouth of the displacing cone, at that the cooling agent - air or water, are supplied into the covering around the mouth.
  • the melt in a gap between the plug and the mouth is crystallized, separating the melt in the reactor vessel from slugs in the displacing device.
  • the plate heater is switched on.
  • the salt in the area of contact of cone end of the displacing device and flap bottom is melt, the bottom is thrown off by the means of the drive, and the content of displacing device is removed.
  • the heater and heating tubes are still switched on.
  • the bottom is closed by the drive, and the plate heater is switched off.
  • the supply of cooling agent to the mouth covering of the displacing device is stopped.
  • the salt is melted under the influence of high temperature in a gap between the plug and the mouth of displacing device, and the plug is raised by means of the drive, releasing the mouth.
  • Calcium silicate is precipitated as crystals, at that melt's dynamic viscosity and residue melting temperature decrease due to formation of sodium chloride.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP08794264A 2007-10-10 2008-08-28 Method for processing industrial and domestic wastes Withdrawn EP2211098A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UAA200711215A UA91703C2 (uk) 2007-10-10 2007-10-10 Спосіб переробки промислових і побутових відходів і установка для його здійснення
PCT/UA2008/000053 WO2009048439A1 (fr) 2007-10-10 2008-08-29 Procédé de transformation de déchets industriels ou ménagers et installation destinée à sa mise en oeuvre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2211098A1 true EP2211098A1 (en) 2010-07-28

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EP08794264A Withdrawn EP2211098A1 (en) 2007-10-10 2008-08-28 Method for processing industrial and domestic wastes

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US (1) US20100251944A1 (uk)
EP (1) EP2211098A1 (uk)
RU (1) RU2009137328A (uk)
UA (1) UA91703C2 (uk)
WO (1) WO2009048439A1 (uk)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014143168A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Koenig Mark E Outlet tube for a material transfer system

Family Cites Families (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2734973C2 (de) * 1977-08-03 1982-12-16 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Verfahren und Verbrennungsofen zum Verbrennen von Abfällen
US4498909A (en) * 1982-11-02 1985-02-12 Dm International, Inc. Process for the gasification of fuels
JP2736152B2 (ja) * 1990-03-26 1998-04-02 三井造船株式会社 ごみ焼却灰の再処理装置
AU696437B2 (en) * 1993-04-08 1998-09-10 Wabash, Inc. Process and apparatus for destroying organic and carbonaceous waste
DE19834470C2 (de) * 1998-07-30 2000-05-25 Thermoselect Ag Vaduz Vorrichtung zur Durchführung von Hochtemperatur-Recycling von heterogen anfallenden Abfällen und Verfahren zu deren Beschickung
TW496795B (en) * 2000-10-05 2002-08-01 E E R Env Energy Resrc Israel System and method for removing blockages in a waste converting apparatus
RU2195727C1 (ru) * 2001-07-12 2002-12-27 Московское государственное предприятие - объединенный эколого-технологический и научно-исследовательский центр по обезвреживанию РАО и охране окружающей среды Способ переработки радиоактивных и токсичных донных отложений
IL144718A (en) * 2001-08-02 2006-12-10 T G E Tech Ltd Method and facility for the treatment of household waste
US6799595B1 (en) 2003-03-06 2004-10-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Meltable and reclosable drain plug for molten salt reactor
US20070186829A1 (en) * 2003-08-21 2007-08-16 International Environmental Solutions Corporation Variable speed pyrolytic waste treatment system
RU2280211C1 (ru) 2005-02-07 2006-07-20 Марийский государственный технический университет Способ переработки твердых бытовых отходов
UA75555C2 (en) 2005-12-08 2006-04-17 Oekokominvestoe Ltd Liability A plant for pyrolisis of industrial and domestic waste

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2009048439A1 *

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Publication number Publication date
UA91703C2 (uk) 2010-08-25
RU2009137328A (ru) 2011-11-20
US20100251944A1 (en) 2010-10-07
WO2009048439A1 (fr) 2009-04-16

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