EP2202332A1 - Gasdynamische Beschleunigungsmethode für Materialien in Pulverform und Vorrichtung zur Umsetzung dieser Methode - Google Patents

Gasdynamische Beschleunigungsmethode für Materialien in Pulverform und Vorrichtung zur Umsetzung dieser Methode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2202332A1
EP2202332A1 EP09180869A EP09180869A EP2202332A1 EP 2202332 A1 EP2202332 A1 EP 2202332A1 EP 09180869 A EP09180869 A EP 09180869A EP 09180869 A EP09180869 A EP 09180869A EP 2202332 A1 EP2202332 A1 EP 2202332A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
powder
supersonic
gas
particles
Prior art date
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Application number
EP09180869A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2202332B1 (de
Inventor
Vladimir Federovich Kosarev
Sergey Vladimirovich Klinkov
Bernard Laget
Philippe Bertrand
Igor Smurov
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Ecole Nationale dIngenieurs de Saint Etienne ENISE
De L'academie Des Sciences De Russie "institut De Mecanique Theorique Et Appliquee Sa Khristianovich" Ets
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Ecole Nationale dIngenieurs de Saint Etienne ENISE
De L'academie Des Sciences De Russie "institut De Mecanique Theorique Et Appliquee Sa Khristianovich" Ets
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Application filed by Ecole Nationale dIngenieurs de Saint Etienne ENISE, De L'academie Des Sciences De Russie "institut De Mecanique Theorique Et Appliquee Sa Khristianovich" Ets filed Critical Ecole Nationale dIngenieurs de Saint Etienne ENISE
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/126—Detonation spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1606—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air
    • B05B7/1613—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/162—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1626—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed at the moment of mixing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and device for gasodynamic acceleration of powdered materials for use in mechanics and other industrial fields to form functional coatings providing different properties on the treated surfaces.
  • the present invention can be implemented in processes using high velocity impacts between powder particles and a substrate surface such as sanding of surfaces, breaking up / granulating of powder particles, etc.
  • the document UK No. 2257423 thus describes a system which comprises a projection module composed of an electric compressed gas heater and a supersonic nozzle connected to the outlet orifice of said heater and comprising a powder injection module in said nozzle, a module of control connected to the electric gas heater compressed by a flexible pipe and by an electric cable, a powder supply container whose outlet is connected to the powder injection module in the nozzle.
  • said heater comprises a leather cover which envelops a metal frame leaving a free space between it and said frame, the free space being filled with a heat-insulating material and said frame having a heat exchanger and having vents for the circulation of a cooling gas inside the cover.
  • the powder injection module in the nozzle provides, according to a preferred embodiment, the injection of the powder into the supercritical zone of the supersonic nozzle at oblique with respect to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle in order to to increase the efficiency of the projection process by a more uniform distribution of the powder material in the cross-section of the nozzle.
  • the device provides for the use of nozzles having the round or rectangular cross section depending on the geometric shapes of the treated surfaces of a workpiece. Depending on the composition of the material used, the ratio between the length of the supersonic portion of the nozzle and the dimension of the minimum cross section of said nozzle may vary from 20 to 100.
  • the disadvantage of this device is that the dimensions of the supersonic nozzle as an integral part are in no way related to the size of diameter and the density of the material of the projected particles. Therefore, by using this device, it is impossible to communicate to the particles during their movement in the supersonic part of the nozzle the optimum acceleration to reach the impact velocity on the surface of the maximum treated part susceptible of to be achieved by the projected particles in view of their size and density characteristics and, consequently, to ensure the maximum quality of the resulting coatings.
  • the document UK No. 2288970 discloses a cold gasodynamic projection system of powder materials which comprises an electric compressed gas heater, a supersonic nozzle (called Laval) connected by an outlet orifice to said heater and having a groove located between the convergent and divergent portions of said nozzle, a powder injection module in the nozzle having injection points for injection of powder into the nozzle and located upstream of the nozzle after the groove, said injection module comprising at least one container of powder supply connected by pipes to said injection points of at least one powder material, and the geometric characteristics of the nozzle portion located upstream of the powder injection points and for accelerating the powder particles injected into the nozzle corresponding to the following conditions: 0.015 ⁇ B ( Jump / Sinj -1) / L ⁇ 0.03, where Sout is the cross sectional area of the nozzle to at its outlet end, Sinj is the cross-sectional area of the nozzle at the position of the powder injection points, L is the length of the portion of the nozzle intended to accelerate the injected powder particles in the nozzle
  • the disadvantage of this device is that the dimensions of the supersonic nozzle as an integral part are in no way related to the size of the diameter and the density of the material of the projected particles. Therefore, by using this device, it is impossible to communicate to the particles during their movement in the supersonic part of the nozzle the optimum acceleration to reach the impact velocity on the surface of the maximum treated part susceptible of to be reached by the projected particles taking into account their size and density characteristics and, consequently, to ensure the maximum quality of the resulting coatings.
  • the formula 0.015 ⁇ B (Jump / Sinj -1) / L ⁇ 0.03 used by this method and this device does not determine the ratio of the length of the nozzle portion for accelerating the powder particles to the minimum dimension of the cross-section at the position of the powder injection points.
  • the document US 6,743,468 The closest known state of the art describes a method and device for depositing coatings on the surface of a workpiece by kinetic projection and thermal spraying using one and the same nozzle.
  • the device according to this invention comprises a gas heater allowing the user to switch from the kinetic projection mode which is carried out without thermal softening of the particles to thermal projection mode with thermal softening of particles before the projection.
  • Such a nozzle construction broadens the spectrum of applications of the method in kinetic projection.
  • this device is unable to provide a high impact speed on the surface of a workpiece treated with particles having a size of less than 1 ⁇ m in diameter because particles of such dimensions would be slowed considerably in a compressible boundary layer formed by a supersonic jet impacting a target.
  • the object of the present invention is to impart to the particles during their movement in the supersonic part of the nozzle the optimum acceleration to reach the impact velocity on the surface of the maximum treated part susceptible to to achieve the given gas parameters (composition, temperature and stagnation pressure) by means of the development and application of the nozzles having the optimal geometrical parameters, in particular the ratio between the length of the supersonic part and the critical section, specifically calculated for the use of particles having a size and density of the material constituting them.
  • the outlet orifice of the nozzle used must have dimensions specially provided for this purpose.
  • the supersonic part of such a nozzle must be shortened.
  • the particles to be sprayed must be selected having a size that would allow them to reach the maximum impact velocity at the target surface likely to be reached.
  • the particles of small dimensions are well accelerated in the nozzle, but strongly slowed in the compressible boundary layer.
  • the present invention advantageously solves the problems mentioned above by proposing a cold gas-dynamic acceleration method of at least one powder material comprising feeding said powder material into a supersonic nozzle via an injection point, its acceleration by a supersonic gas flow and its deposition by impact on the surface of a workpiece, the method taking into account the size of the particles and the density of the material constituting them as well as the parameters of the gas in order to give the particles of powder entrained by the gas flow the maximum speed that can be reached at their impact on the surface of the treated part by accelerating the flow of gas and powder in the supersonic part of the nozzle whose length and transverse dimension correspond to the following conditions:
  • the method according to the invention can use as compressed carrier gas: compressed air, compressed nitrogen, compressed helium or a mixture of these gases.
  • the compressed gas is heated to temperatures between 300 and 9800 K.
  • the powder materials used are, for example, made up of particles having a size of between 0.1 and 1000 ⁇ m.
  • the method may use: metallic powder materials, nonmetallic powder materials, metal powder mixtures having values of ⁇ p d p near, non-metallic powder mixtures having values of ⁇ p d p near or mixtures of metallic and non-metallic powders having values of ⁇ p d p near.
  • the present method is implemented by a cold gas-dynamic acceleration device of at least one powder material comprising a supersonic nozzle connected to a powder injector, a powder feeder connected by an outlet orifice to said powder injector.
  • One of the advantages of the method and apparatus for the gas-powder spraying of proposed powder materials is that depending on the particle size and the density of the material constituting them selected for a separate technological operation as well as the pressure and gas temperature (for example, air, nitrogen, helium or the mixture of at least two of these gases), the dimensions of the supersonic part of the nozzle used may be calculated so as to ensure the maximum speed of the impact of the particles on the target surface that can be reached, and thereby to advantageously improve the quality of the deposit, the efficiency and the quality of the surface cleaning process, the efficiency of the fragmentation / granulation of particles.
  • the pressure and gas temperature for example, air, nitrogen, helium or the mixture of at least two of these gases
  • the particle size of the powder it is possible to vary the particle size of the powder by choosing the particle size of the desired powder material so as to ensure a high yield of deposition and high quality of the resulting coating, the successful completion of the sanding process of a surface having a fine grain structure corresponding to the size of the projected particles.
  • the device for accelerating gasodynamic cold powder materials comprises a removable and exchangeable supersonic nozzle 1 connected to the outlet of an electric heater 2 and a powder injector in said nozzle 3, a powder dispenser 4 whose the outlet port is connected to said powder injector.
  • the process is carried out as follows.
  • the simulated ratios presented above are used to calculate the main dimensions of the nozzle: the length of the supersonic part and the critical section (the height for a flat nozzle and the diameter of the critical section for an axisymmetric nozzle). Particles entrained by a flow of gas in such a specially calculated nozzle are given the maximum speed that can be achieved at their impact on the surface of the treated part by accelerating the flow of gas and powder in the part. supersonic of said nozzle, flat or axisymmetric.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
EP09180869A 2008-12-29 2009-12-29 Gasdynamische Beschleunigungsmethode für Materialien in Pulverform und Vorrichtung zur Umsetzung dieser Methode Revoked EP2202332B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2008152548/02A RU2399694C1 (ru) 2008-12-29 2008-12-29 Способ газодинамической обработки поверхности порошковым материалом и устройство для его реализации

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2202332A1 true EP2202332A1 (de) 2010-06-30
EP2202332B1 EP2202332B1 (de) 2012-03-28

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ID=41800584

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EP09180869A Revoked EP2202332B1 (de) 2008-12-29 2009-12-29 Gasdynamische Beschleunigungsmethode für Materialien in Pulverform und Vorrichtung zur Umsetzung dieser Methode

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2202332B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE551442T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2382720T3 (de)
RU (1) RU2399694C1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018101520A1 (de) * 2018-01-24 2019-07-25 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Zweistoffdüse

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2468123C2 (ru) * 2010-10-01 2012-11-27 Институт теоретической и прикладной механики им. С.А. Христиановича Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИТПМ СО РАН) Способ газодинамического напыления порошковых материалов и устройство для газодинамического напыления порошковых материалов (варианты)
CA3054112A1 (en) * 2017-02-26 2018-08-30 International Advanced Research Centre For Powder Metallurgy And New Materials (Arci) An improved gas dynamic cold spray device and method of coating a substrate
CN108745677B (zh) * 2018-07-25 2023-06-20 上海莘临科技发展有限公司 超音速氧乙炔爆炸燃烧喷嘴及沙粒熔融方法
RU2743944C1 (ru) * 2020-08-03 2021-03-01 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет)" Устройство для газодинамического нанесения покрытий

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4300723A (en) * 1980-02-29 1981-11-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Controlled overspray spray nozzle
US20040058064A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2004-03-25 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Spray system with combined kinetic spray and thermal spray ability
DE10319481A1 (de) * 2003-04-30 2004-11-18 Linde Ag Lavaldüse für das thermische Spritzen und das kinetische Spritzen
RU2257423C2 (ru) 2003-08-21 2005-07-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Обнинский центр порошкового напыления (ООО ОЦПН) Портативное устройство для газодинамического напыления покрытий
RU2288970C1 (ru) 2005-05-20 2006-12-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Обнинский центр порошкового напыления (ООО ОЦПН) Устройство для газодинамического нанесения покрытий и способ нанесения покрытий
WO2008025815A1 (de) * 2006-08-30 2008-03-06 H.C. Starck Gmbh Keramikdüse

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4300723A (en) * 1980-02-29 1981-11-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Controlled overspray spray nozzle
US20040058064A1 (en) * 2002-09-23 2004-03-25 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Spray system with combined kinetic spray and thermal spray ability
US6743468B2 (en) 2002-09-23 2004-06-01 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of coating with combined kinetic spray and thermal spray
DE10319481A1 (de) * 2003-04-30 2004-11-18 Linde Ag Lavaldüse für das thermische Spritzen und das kinetische Spritzen
RU2257423C2 (ru) 2003-08-21 2005-07-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Обнинский центр порошкового напыления (ООО ОЦПН) Портативное устройство для газодинамического напыления покрытий
RU2288970C1 (ru) 2005-05-20 2006-12-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью Обнинский центр порошкового напыления (ООО ОЦПН) Устройство для газодинамического нанесения покрытий и способ нанесения покрытий
WO2008025815A1 (de) * 2006-08-30 2008-03-06 H.C. Starck Gmbh Keramikdüse

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018101520A1 (de) * 2018-01-24 2019-07-25 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Zweistoffdüse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2008152548A (ru) 2010-07-10
RU2399694C1 (ru) 2010-09-20
ES2382720T3 (es) 2012-06-12
ATE551442T1 (de) 2012-04-15
EP2202332B1 (de) 2012-03-28

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