EP2201655B1 - Saphirzündkerze und herstellungsverfahren dafür - Google Patents

Saphirzündkerze und herstellungsverfahren dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2201655B1
EP2201655B1 EP08837735.3A EP08837735A EP2201655B1 EP 2201655 B1 EP2201655 B1 EP 2201655B1 EP 08837735 A EP08837735 A EP 08837735A EP 2201655 B1 EP2201655 B1 EP 2201655B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sapphire
insulator
jacket
plug
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08837735.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2201655A1 (de
Inventor
Jurij Linhart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Towit Machinery Trading Ag
Original Assignee
Towit Machinery Trading Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Towit Machinery Trading Ag filed Critical Towit Machinery Trading Ag
Publication of EP2201655A1 publication Critical patent/EP2201655A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2201655B1 publication Critical patent/EP2201655B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ignition spark plugs used preferably for internal combustion engines of different types - automobile, aircraft, etc.
  • the present invention also relates to improved methods of manufacture of such spark plugs.
  • sparking plug with the insulating body consisting if necessary of two parts, wherein at least the part of the insulating body adjacent to the spark gap consisting of fused aluminium oxide.
  • This sparking plug is characterised by at least a part of the surface of the insulating body coming into contact with the gases of combustion being polished (see patent GB 302 893, 1929.01.31 ).
  • an ignition plug preferably for internal combustion engines, comprising an insulator arranged in the jacket cavity.
  • a sapphire tip is fitted at the end of the insulator and a central electrode is located in the insulator (see Eurasian patent EA 002075 B1, 2001.12.24 ).
  • the known spark plug suffers from the disadvantage that the sapphire tip is not in contact with the plug jacket and cannot have any influence on heat sink from combustion chamber, it only prevents of settling of combustion products.
  • the main jacket of insulator is made from ceramic material, having drawbacks of relatively not too high electric resistance at high temperatures (10 3 -10 4 ⁇ m -1 at 900 °C) and low thermal conductivity coefficient - cca 6 W m -1 K -1 even for very compact and dense ceramics.
  • This plug suffers from the disadvantage that in the portion, where the cables from ignition system are connected, the high temperatures can occur, what can cause, inter alia, inflammation of cable insulation and fire of the engine.
  • the present invention seeks to eliminate the above deficiencies and to provide a new ignition spark plug, wherein the sapphire portion of the insulator is made from sapphire monocrystal without any residual tension, stress and strain and with brightened glossy outer surface from the end entering the engine cylinder into area of connection with ceramic portion of insulator and plug jacket, where outer and inner portions of sapphire tip are only grinded on surface roughness till 10 ⁇ m, wherein on inner surface there is applied a layer of high-temperature adhesive with working temperature at least 1 000 °C and on outer surface the same layer of the same adhesive, comprising less than 3 % by volume of copper powder having particle size till 5 ⁇ m.
  • a method of manufacture of the ignition spark plug according to the present invention is characterized in that the connection of ceramic and sapphire portions of insulator to each other and to the plug jacket is carried out at normal temperature by pressing at pressure at least 20 atm, and then the insulator is completely rolled in the plug jacket at the same pressure and does not require any further heat treatment.
  • the ignition spark plug according to the present invention has the sapphire tip of combined insulator made in the form of elongated cone or cylinder with annular groove in lower portion in depth till 3 mm and is tightly without clearance arranged in the plug jacket at normal temperature, wherein the tip has the same length as that portion of the plug jacket entering the engine cylinder, and the central electrode extends from the sapphire tip for 1 to 2 mm, wherein a lateral electrode is missing, and a ring made from high-temperature corrosion-resistant material is placed in the plug jacket.
  • the ignition spark plug according to the present invention is further characterized in that in the inner portion of the central electrode there is on 90% of its length inserted a rod having thermal conductivity at least 150 W m -1 K -1 , preferably made of optical material having high translucency and melting temperature at least 950 °C.
  • the present sapphire ignition spark plug works as follows:
  • the temperature in the cylinder is increased and rises steeply in particular in transient regimes, when the rotational speed rises in a short time up to the limit working speed.
  • the heat sink is realized owing to the internal heat transfer by radiation, i.e. without inertia, so that the plug can maintain constant temperature.
  • Effective thermal conductivity of sapphire and other highly translucent optic materials can reach 250 to 400 W m -1 K -1 , what is by an order higher than in case of plug jacket.
  • the heat transfer from insulator to the plug jacket is facilitated by means of a thin layer of high-temperature adhesive with a little addition of copper powder. Therefore, the thermal resistance between insulator and plug jacket is considerably reduced.
  • Specific electric resistance of sapphire at the temperature of 900 °C is cca 10 8 ⁇ m -1 so that sparking trough of insulator at high temperatures in the cylinder is avoided, wherein its diameter can be lowered and the plug size can be miniaturized.
  • the present invention allows to increase the combustion temperature in the cylinder and therefore to increase the engine efficiency and operation economy.
  • the ignition spark plug has a metal, mostly steal, jacket 1 .
  • a metal mostly steal, jacket 1 .
  • an insulator made of two portions - inner ceramic portion 2 and sapphire tip 3.
  • the inner ceramic portion 2 is made of high-temperature ceramics and the sapphire tip 3 is made of sapphire monocrystal without any residual tension, stress and strain.
  • a metal central electrode 4 In the inner cavity of the insulator there is arranged a metal central electrode 4 , in which a rod 5 is placed, the rod 5 being made from high-temperature optical material or another material having a high-temperature conductivity, that is deliberately and several times higher that the thermal conductivity of the central electrode.
  • the seal 8 is made of soft material having a good electric conductivity, for example of copper.
  • a spark 9 occurs between the central electrode 4 and the lateral electrode, or between the central electrode 4 and a corrosion-resistant ring 10 arranged in the jacket and made of high-temperature material, for example of iridium.
  • the arrows 11 represent an exhaust of heat from the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder into its jacket cooled by water.
  • the ignition spark plug is made so that the connection of the inner ceramic portion 2 and the insulator sapphire tip 3 is carried out at normal temperature by pressing at pressure at least 20 atm, and then the insulator is completely rolled in the plug jacket at the same pressure and does not require any further heat treatment.
  • the specific electric resistance of sapphire at the temperature 900 °C is cca 10 8 ⁇ m -1 , what avoids an insulator sparking through at high temperatures in the cylinder and allows to reduce its diameter - to miniaturize a plug size.
  • sapphire is a monocrystal material having zero porosity and its polished surface does not absorb any combustion products, so that the insulator remains always clean.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Zündkerze insbesondere für Brennkraftmaschinen, enthaltend einen Mantel mit einem Arbeits-, einem Verbindungs- und einem Außenabschnitt, einen in einem Hohlraum des Mantels angebrachten und teilweise aus einem Saphirmonokristall hergestellten kombinierten Isolator, sowie eine in dem Isolator angebrachte Zentralelektrode, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Saphirteil des Isolators aus einem Saphirmonokristall ohne jedweden Resttemperaturspannungen und -tensionen sowie mit einer polierten Außenoberfläche von einem in einen Motorzylinder hineinragenden Ende bis in den Bereich von Verbindung mit dem Keramikteil des Isolators und dem Kerzemantel, wo der Außen- und der Innenteil der Saphirspitze lediglich auf eine Oberflächenrauhigkeit bis zu 10 µm geschliffen sind, wobei auf die Innenoberfläche eine Hochtemperatur-Kleberschicht mit einer Arbeitstemperatur mindestens von 1000 °C angebracht ist und auf die Außenoberfläche die gleiche Kleberschicht gleiches Klebers, enthaltend weniger als 3 Volumenprozente Kupferpulver mit einer Partikelgröße bis zu 5 µm, angebracht ist.
  2. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Saphirspitze des Isolators in Form von einem verlängerten Kegel oder Zylinder mit einer Ringnut in einem unteren Teil bis zu der Tiefe von 3 mm hergestellt und bei einer Normaltemperatur eng spielfrei in dem Kerzemantel angebracht ist, und wobei die Spitze eine gleiche Länge wie ein in den Motorzylinder hineinragender Teil des Metallkerzemantels aufweist, und die Zentralelektrode aus der Saphirspitze bis zu 1 bis 2 mm herausragt, wobei eine Seitenelektrode fehlt, und in dem Kerzenmantel ein Ring aus einem korrosionsbeständigen Hochtemperatur-Material angebracht ist.
  3. Zündkerze nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem inneren Teil der Zentralelektrode auf 90% ihrer Länge eine Stange mit einer Temperaturleitfähigkeit von mindestens 150 W m-1 K-1 eingeführt ist, vorzugsweise aus einem optischen Material mit einer hohen Transluzenz und einer Schmelztemperatur von mindestens 950 °C.
  4. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Verbinden von einem Keramikteil und einem Saphirteil des Isolators miteinander sowie mit einem Kerzemantel bei einer Normaltemperatur durch Pressen bei einem Druck von mindestens 20 atm erfolgt, wonach der Isolator in einen Kerzemantel unter einem gleichen Druck völlig eingewalzt wird und keine weitere Temperaturbehandlung erfordert.
EP08837735.3A 2007-10-08 2008-10-03 Saphirzündkerze und herstellungsverfahren dafür Not-in-force EP2201655B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ20070696A CZ2007696A3 (cs) 2007-10-08 2007-10-08 Safírová zapalovací svícka a zpusob její výroby
PCT/CZ2008/000119 WO2009046687A1 (en) 2007-10-08 2008-10-03 Sapphire sparking plug and method of its manufacture

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2201655A1 EP2201655A1 (de) 2010-06-30
EP2201655B1 true EP2201655B1 (de) 2013-05-29

Family

ID=40404235

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08837735.3A Not-in-force EP2201655B1 (de) 2007-10-08 2008-10-03 Saphirzündkerze und herstellungsverfahren dafür

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2201655B1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ2007696A3 (de)
WO (1) WO2009046687A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB302893A (en) 1927-12-23 1929-01-31 Siemens Ag Improvements in or relating to sparking plugs
DE3533124A1 (de) * 1985-09-17 1987-03-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Zuendkerze mit gleitfunkenstrecke
JP2625307B2 (ja) * 1992-01-28 1997-07-02 日本特殊陶業株式会社 スパークプラグ
WO2001082431A2 (en) * 2000-04-26 2001-11-01 Herkovic, Jan Spark plug
EA200000361A1 (ru) 2000-04-26 2001-12-24 Юрий Карлович Лингарт Свеча зажигания

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ2007696A3 (cs) 2009-04-22
EP2201655A1 (de) 2010-06-30
WO2009046687A1 (en) 2009-04-16

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