EP2201652A1 - Dispositif de commutation et machine électrique - Google Patents

Dispositif de commutation et machine électrique

Info

Publication number
EP2201652A1
EP2201652A1 EP08786295A EP08786295A EP2201652A1 EP 2201652 A1 EP2201652 A1 EP 2201652A1 EP 08786295 A EP08786295 A EP 08786295A EP 08786295 A EP08786295 A EP 08786295A EP 2201652 A1 EP2201652 A1 EP 2201652A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
commutator
commutation device
spring
grinding element
commutation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08786295A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2201652B1 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Klumpp
Erwin Sinnl
Anita Seebacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2201652A1 publication Critical patent/EP2201652A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2201652B1 publication Critical patent/EP2201652B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/04—Commutators
    • H01R39/045—Commutators the commutators being made of carbon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a commutation device according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor or a generator, according to claim 16.
  • a device for current application in electrical machines is referred to as a commutation device.
  • the current application generates a current that rotates or migrates relative to the armature winding.
  • Known commutation devices include a rotatably seated on an armature shaft commutator with a plurality of circumferentially arranged side by side and electrically insulated slats, which are electrically contacted by at least two grinding elements.
  • the constant friction between the stationary grinding elements and the rotatably driven commutator causes abrasion, usually coal dust.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a commutation, are avoided with the Vorkommuttechniken by Abriebablagerache. Furthermore, the object is to propose a correspondingly improved electric machine.
  • the invention is based on the idea of preventing the deposition of abrasion, in particular of coal dust, occurring during commutation, on the commutator by providing means for removing the abrasion.
  • these means are preferably designed such that the abrasion is transported away in the radial direction to the outside.
  • the means for discharging the resulting during commutation wear comprise at least one voltage applied to the commutator spring, wherein the spring is preferably formed of an electrically non-conductive material to avoid short circuits.
  • the abutment of abrasion against the at least one abrasive element on the commutator is successfully prevented by the abutment of the spring on the commutator.
  • the spring which is designed in particular as a leaf spring, serves as a type of guide plate for removing the abrasion to the outside. As will be explained later, an embodiment with not applied to the commutator means is feasible.
  • the spring is designed and arranged such that it extends from its fixing position in the direction of its free end in the circumferential direction of the commutator and bent in the direction of the commutator or beveled radially inwardly, thus the commutator, in particular in the radial direction, be able to act on a spring force, which ensures that the spring rests during the rotational movement of the commutator on the outer circumference and thus a slip of abrasion under the spring is avoided.
  • At least one abrasion radially outwardly discharging spring makes it possible to integrate the means for dissipating the abrasion in the available space, whereby an electric machine with an after The commutator is formed according to the concept of the invention, does not build larger than without means for dissipating the abrasion. It is advantageous if the, in particular designed as a leaf spring, spring with its remote from the commutator end to a component of the commutation, in particular to a Schleifelementhalter (and there preferably outside a quiver for a grinding element) is set and with their free End or in the region of its free end to the commutator.
  • the means, in particular spring are formed from an electrically non-conductive plastic / is.
  • the width of the means, in particular spring corresponds at least approximately to the axial extent of the commutator or to the axial extent of the lamellae of the commutator arranged side by side in the circumferential direction. equivalent.
  • the means, preferably the spring, the commutator in the axial direction one or both sides protrude over.
  • an embodiment is advantageous in which the means, preferably the spring, in the region of their free, the commutator adjacent end of a curved or oblique Have / have.
  • the bevel or bending Movement of the free end in the direction of the commutator away ensures a better Aburbanshi for the abrasion in the radial direction.
  • an embodiment in which the means with (small) radial distance to the commutator are arranged is also feasible.
  • the commutation device has a grinding element holder with a plurality of pits for accommodating one, in particular graphite-containing, grinding element.
  • a grinding element preferably each grinding element, means for removing abrasion, preferably associated with the commutator spring assigned / is, wherein the respective means, in particular the respective spring, preferably in the direction of rotation of the commutator seen in front of the associated grinding element or in front of the grinding element holding quiver, are arranged / is.
  • the means preferably the springs, in particular with the end remote from the commutator, are fixed to the grinding element holder.
  • the means, in particular the springs integrally formed with the grinding element holder or a fastening tion possibility for the means, in particular the springs to provide on the grinding element holder, which allows an exchange of the means, in particular of the springs, so that the means, in particular the springs, can be replaced in the event of wear.
  • each means, in particular each spring in two different directions positions on the grinding element holder can be fixed, ie a direction of rotation dependent attachment possibility of the springs is given to the grinding element holder.
  • the means, in particular the springs can be fixed to the grinding element holder by clamping.
  • the means for, in particular radial, removal of comminuted abrasion from the same material are formed as the associated quiver of Schleifele- ment holder, in which a sliding contact, in particular a carbon brush in the radial direction relative is adjustable to the commutator.
  • the means of plastic preferably of electrically non-conductive plastic, to avoid short circuits.
  • an embodiment can be realized in which the means for removing the abrasion is formed integrally with the sliding contact holder and / or in one piece with the associated quiver, in particular in the manner of a one-piece extension. It is with regard to an efficient and cost-effective production particularly advantageous if the means are made with the associated quiver as a common injection molded part. It is particularly preferred if all quivers are formed with associated means as a common injection molded part.
  • the outer contour of the means are adapted to the outer contour of the rotatably arranged commutator.
  • the means for this purpose are formed curved on the side facing the commutator in the direction of the circumferential extent of the commutator.
  • the means in particular in the region of their free end, are formed like a ramp, wherein the ramp formed preferably in the direction of each adjacent or associated quiver increases.
  • an embodiment can be realized, in which the means, in particular the at least one spring, rests on the outside of the latter during rotation of the commutator.
  • the means in particular the at least one spring, rests on the outside of the latter during rotation of the commutator.
  • the means are not formed as a spring, that is not elastic, but rigid
  • an embodiment is preferred in which a gap extending in the circumferential direction is formed between the means and the commutator.
  • the width Extension of the gap in the circumferential direction is at least approximately constant and minimal.
  • the gap width decreases toward the free end of the, preferably ramp-like, means in the circumferential direction counter to the direction of rotation of the commutator.
  • the invention also leads to an electrical machine, in particular an electric motor or a generator, with a previously described commutation device, wherein the commutator of the commutation device is arranged rotationally fixed on an armature shaft.
  • FIG. 2 shows a grinding element holder of the commutation device according to FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternately formed grinding element holder formed integrally with the quivers for grinding elements means for removing abrasion.
  • a commutation device 1 for an electrical machine comprises a commutator 2 for the rotationally fixed arrangement on a not shown, standing perpendicular to the drawing plane armature shaft.
  • the commutator 2 comprises four blades 3, 4, 5, 6 made of copper arranged next to one another in the circumferential direction.
  • the fins 3, 4, 5, 6 are electrically connected to not shown armature windings of an anchor assembly. Between each two adjacent lamellae is an axially extending air gap 7, 8, 9, 10 for electrically insulating the lamellae 3, 4, 5, 6 from each other.
  • the commutator 2 is disposed within a grinding element holder 11, which in this embodiment has four uniformly circumferentially spaced quivers 12, 13, 14, 15 for each grinding element 16, 17, 18, 19 (carbon brush).
  • Each grinding element 16, 17, 18, 19 is spring-loaded radially inwardly in the direction of the commutator 2 by means of a spring, not shown, so that the grinding elements 16, 17, 18, 19 on the outer circumference of the commutator 2, more precisely on the lamellae 3, 4, 5, 6, and contact them electrically during the rotational movement of the commutator 2.
  • the friction between the commutator 2 and the grinding elements 16, 17, 18, 19 results in abrasion 20 (coal dust).
  • abrasion-removing means 21 comprise four springs 22, 23, 24, 25 which are spaced apart in the circumferential direction and in each case designed as a leaf spring made of plastic, which are detachably fixed to the grinding-element holder 11.
  • the springs 22, 23, 24, 25 extend counter to that through the Arrow indicated direction of rotation 36 of the commutator 2 in the circumferential direction of the commutator 2 and are fixed with their respective end facing away from the commutator 2 end 26, 27, 28, 29 to the grinding element holder 11.
  • the springs 22, 23, 24, 25 are formed in the radial direction inwardly bent to the commutator 2, whereby a resilient action in the radial direction is achieved.
  • With their respective free end 30, 31, 32, 33 are the springs 22, 23, 24, 25 on the outer circumference of the commutator 2 and the slats 3, 4, 5, 6 and lead the resulting during the rotation abrasion 20 in the radial direction to the outside.
  • each grinding element 16, 17, 18, 19, a spring 22, 23, 24, 25 associated with, as seen in the direction of rotation 36 in front of the respective grinding element 16, 17, 18, 19 is arranged.
  • the springs 22, 23, 24, 25 it is possible to mount the springs 22, 23, 24, 25 to the grinding element holder 11 in such a way that they do not rotate clockwise and radially inward, as shown extend counterclockwise and radially inward, thus ensuring a discharge of the abrasion 20 radially outward.
  • a grinding element holder 11 is shown alone.
  • a pointing in the drawing plane backward hollow extension 34 for receiving contacts of an electrical machine.
  • the grinding element holder 11 In its front in the drawing plane area of the grinding element holder 11 is disc-shaped and has four each offset by 90 ° to each other quiver 12, 13, 14, 15 for each not shown abrasive element on.
  • the quivers 12, 13, 14, 15 In the quivers 12, 13, 14, 15 is a respective grinding element in the direction radially inwardly on the commutator 2 federkraftbeetzschlagt.
  • a commutator 2 is arranged in the mounted state.
  • the commutator (not shown) rotates in a clockwise direction (arrow 36).
  • each quiver 12, 13, 14, 15 is designed as a leaf spring spring 22, 23, 24, 25 with its side facing away from the opening 35 end 26, 27, 28, 29 detachably fixed.
  • the springs 22, 23, 24, 25 extend from the respective quiver 12, 13, 14, 15 in the counterclockwise direction and are formed bent inwards. Their free ends 30, 31, 32, 33 are bent radially outward in the direction of the opening 35 away, in order to ensure a clean start of the commutator 2 and thus snagging with the air gaps 7, 8, 9, 10 between the slats. 3 , 4, 5, 6 of the commutator 2 to prevent.
  • the externally discharged abrasion 20 falls by gravity in a region outside the commutator 2 down into the housing of the electric machine, not shown, and can be removed from time to time if necessary.
  • FIG. 3 an alternatively trained Schleifelement- holder 11 is shown.
  • the grinding element holder 11 comprises quivers 12, 13, 14, 15, distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction, for a respective grinding element 16, 17, 18, 19 (analogous to FIG. 1), not shown.
  • abrasion occurs due to the friction between the commutator (not shown for reasons of clarity), the commutator to be arranged in the central opening 35 and the grinding element.
  • each quiver 12, 13, 14, 15 associated with means 21 for removing the abrasion.
  • the means 21 are each formed as one piece with the associated quiver 12, 13, 14, 15 rigid extensions executed, wherein the quivers 12, 13, 14, 15 are in turn formed integrally with a base plate 37 of the grinding element holder 11.
  • the direction of rotation 36 of the commutator, not shown runs in the counterclockwise direction.
  • the means 21 are formed in the embodiment of FIG. 3 as integral extensions of the quiver 12, 13, 14, 15, extending in the circumferential direction, starting from the associated quiver 12, 13, 14, 15 counter to the direction of rotation 36.
  • the means 21 are formed like a ramp and taper in the direction of their free ends 38. In other words, the radial extension of the formed as extensions means 21 increases in the counterclockwise direction.
  • a (lower or radially inner) side 39 of the means 21 designed as extensions is arranged offset radially inwards relative to an associated, radially inner quiver opening 40, 41, 42, 43, whereby an in Circumferentially acting barrier is formed against abrasion, whereby an (excessive) impact of abrasion on the carbon brushes, not shown in Fig. 3 is prevented.
  • the commutator facing sides 39 of the means 21 are curved in the circumferential direction and are spaced from the commutator, not shown, between the sides 39 and the commutator only a minimal circumferential gap with a circumferentially constant radial extent of 0.5mm in this embodiment is formed.

Landscapes

  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de commutation (1) comprenant un commutateur rotatif (2) et au moins un élément de frottement (16, 5 17, 18, 19) entrant en contact avec ledit commutateur (2). Selon l'invention, ce dispositif comporte des moyens (21) d'évacuation des particules abrasées (20) produites lors de la commutation. L'invention porte en outre sur une machine électrique présentant un dispositif de commutation (1) du type décrit.
EP08786295.9A 2007-09-17 2008-07-22 Dispositif de commutation et machine électrique Not-in-force EP2201652B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007044347 2007-09-17
DE102008002030A DE102008002030A1 (de) 2007-09-17 2008-05-28 Kommutierungseinrichtung sowie elektrische Maschine
PCT/EP2008/059559 WO2009037027A1 (fr) 2007-09-17 2008-07-22 Dispositif de commutation et machine électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2201652A1 true EP2201652A1 (fr) 2010-06-30
EP2201652B1 EP2201652B1 (fr) 2015-04-01

Family

ID=40348697

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08786295.9A Not-in-force EP2201652B1 (fr) 2007-09-17 2008-07-22 Dispositif de commutation et machine électrique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8513852B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2201652B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5361890B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101803126B (fr)
DE (1) DE102008002030A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009037027A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102237741A (zh) * 2011-07-04 2011-11-09 裴亚军 起动机的电刷架总成
EP2582025A2 (fr) * 2011-10-11 2013-04-17 Steering Solutions IP Holding Corporation Système de balais pour un moteur à collecteur
JP6293476B2 (ja) * 2013-04-22 2018-03-14 アスモ株式会社 モータ
JP7729409B2 (ja) * 2022-01-25 2025-08-26 日産自動車株式会社 回転電機
DE102023105509A1 (de) * 2023-03-07 2024-09-12 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Stromübertragungseinrichtung und elektrische Maschine

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SE396171B (sv) * 1975-12-17 1977-09-05 Skf Ind Trading & Dev Kommutatormotor
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DE2846069C2 (de) * 1978-10-23 1985-04-25 Hilti Ag, Schaan Abschirmung für den Kollektor eines Elektromotors
JPS617270U (ja) * 1984-06-18 1986-01-17 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 整流子ブラシ装置
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JP2005261150A (ja) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-22 Tokyo Parts Ind Co Ltd 出力軸のない小型モータの整流装置
EP1768235A1 (fr) * 2005-09-27 2007-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Machine électrique et méthode pour modifier une machine électrique
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2010539881A (ja) 2010-12-16
CN101803126B (zh) 2013-02-06
US8513852B2 (en) 2013-08-20
JP5361890B2 (ja) 2013-12-04
WO2009037027A1 (fr) 2009-03-26
US20100244620A1 (en) 2010-09-30
EP2201652B1 (fr) 2015-04-01
CN101803126A (zh) 2010-08-11
DE102008002030A1 (de) 2009-03-19

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