EP2201535A1

EP2201535A1 - Locking device

Info

Publication number: EP2201535A1
Application number: EP08800434A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Alfred Aschmann; Thomas Burger
Original assignee: Kaba AG
Current assignee: Kaba AG
Priority date: 2007-09-19
Filing date: 2008-09-18
Publication date: 2010-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 2028-09-18
Also published as: EP2201535B1; WO2009036585A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a locking device comprising a known electronic module for receiving data from an identification unit, (the latter can be designed as a card, e.g. chip card or can take another form and can optionally perform other functions) and an electric motor for actuating a blocking and/or coupling unit for the lock, the motor being controlled by the electronic module. According to the invention, the locking device is characterised in that it can be brought into a first and second coupling state. In the first coupling state, the motor is coupled to an actuating element and when said element is actuated said motor acts as a generator. In a second coupling state, the motor is coupled to the blocking and/or coupling unit and can unlock the lock by the actuation of said unit.

Description

VERMEGELUNGSVORRICHTUNG

The invention relates to a locking device for locks, for example. Padlocks.

Locking devices with electronically controlled locking elements

- Mechatronic locking devices - are known. The electronically controlled locking is based on a data transmission between a key-side electronic module and a lock-side electronic module. This data transmission can be effected by contact - for example by means of electrical contacts on key and lock - or without contact - for example via radio frequency transmission

- occur. Data can be transmitted in one or both directions.

At least the lock-side unit of the locking device generally requires a power supply (own battery, contact to key side battery, mains connection), on the one hand for operating the electronic module, on the other hand for actuating the blocking elements. In addition, the energy supply of the key-side electronic module can be made from the lock-side unit, for example in the case of RFID technology.

Especially in locks, which can not be easily connected to a power grid, for example. In padlocks, locks on Furniture, on isolated mounted boxes in the outdoor area, etc., it is customary to provide the lock with a battery compartment. An example of a battery-powered electronic padlock is shown in WO 98/57017.

In many cases, however, such a power supply via a battery is disadvantageous. For example, it often happens that a lock is not operated for a long time - in extreme cases over many months or even a year or more. In such cases, the functionality of the lock is not guaranteed, since a battery may be discharged or even leaked.

U.S. Patent No. 5,061,923 discloses a power-independent combination combination lock for a safe. The disc of the safe is connected to a stepper motor, which generates pulses when turning the dial, which are evaluated by the electronics to determine whether the

User uses the correct number combination. At the same time, the stepper motor is used to charge an electrical capacitor that powers the electronics and the electric drive of the locking bar.

This dual function of the stepping motor is advantageous for a combination lock, but it is not transferable to other applications.

In the document WO 2005/088559 a similar approach for lock cylinder with Schliessknauf is proposed, which is proposed, in addition to the energy obtained by operating the Schliessknauf - this is used, for example. For waking up a circuit - also more energy storage (batteries or the like.) available. The proposed solution is also unsuitable for other applications than such lock cylinder and also has the disadvantages of conventional battery powered solutions described above.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a locking device which overcomes the disadvantages of locking devices according to the prior art and which is particularly suitable for applications in which only limited space is available (for example. Euro profile, US profile ) and in which a power supply via a power grid is not possible and a power supply by a battery is not advantageous.

This object is achieved by a locking device as defined in the claims.

The locking device has as known per se an electronic module for receiving data from an identification unit (such may be formed as a card, eg. Chip card or other form and possibly even perform additional functions) and an electric motor for actuating a blocking and / or Coupling device for the lock, wherein the motor can be controlled by the electronic module. The locking device is characterized by the fact that it can be brought into a first and a second coupling state, wherein in the first coupling state, the motor is coupled to an actuating element and acts upon actuation of the actuating element as a generator. In a second coupling state, the motor is coupled to the locking and / or coupling device and can unlock the lock by actuating them. A lock (reversing the Entriegeins) of the lock can also be effected by the motor, and / or it can be provided that by suitable spring means, etc., the locking device automatically gets under the right conditions in the locked state.

The inventive method allows autonomous, independent of external power supply and batteries solution even in confined spaces, eg. In a padlock.

The actuator is accessible from outside the lock and can be designed as a handle, for example. As a knob, - possibly folding - crank element, etc.

The actuator may also be formed in the manner of a lock cylinder rotor and actuated only by an inserted mechanical key. Such a mechanical key can have coding holes in a manner known per se, which cooperate with tumbler counter pairs of the actuating element, whereby the actuating element can be actuated only when the key is in place (and the energy stores of the electronic module are rechargeable). In this variant can - as in other variants - also be provided that the locking and unlocking of the whole castle in the second coupling state also by actuating actuator - eg. By rotation through 90 ° or 180 ° - takes place. Then, the correct mechanical coding can also be a prerequisite for the actuation element to be actuatable in the second coupling state. Such a mechanical key may be provided simultaneously with the identification unit which transmits data to the electronic module; then it can be designed externally similar to already known keys of mechanical mechatronic locks. Such keys have often incorporated an electronic module in the handle.

Preferably, there is a transmission between the actuating element and the motor, by means of which a (rotary) movement which can be generated by the actuating element is translated. Suitable gear is a planetary gear, since all gear elements can be arranged in a plane and the driven to be connected to the shaft of the motor gear can be centrally. Depending on the configuration, other transmissions, for example spur gears, are also suitable. The transmission may be integrated in an engine block or at least partially formed as a separate element (eg. As part of a transmission module).

Alternatively, it can also be provided that the actuating element is to be moved in translation and that suitable transmission means deflect this translatory movement into a rotational movement.

The coupling between the actuating element and the motor can optionally be set up so that the transmittable force is limited, that is to say between the actuating element and the motor (possibly together with a gear) a spring element, a sliding clutch or a comparable means can be present the effect is that excessive force on the actuator, the force acting on the motor is damped. The locking and / or coupling device can, as is known per se from locking devices, be based on one of the following principles:

a. Locking an element to be moved for unlocking with respect to another element and unlocking only if there is an authorization;

b. Coupling a user-movable element to a different element to be moved for unlocking only when authorized;

c. Combinations of a. and b. and / or multiple applications of a. and b.

In the following, the invention will be based on the principle of principle a. described; but this is not to be construed so that only principle a. it is a possibility; Rather, devices can also be made in the spirit and spirit of inventions based on the principle b. or c. based.

The locking and / or coupling device has according to a special embodiment at least two locking mechanism stages. With a second locking mechanism, the lock itself is lockable. For example, if the lock is a padlock, the second lock mechanism blocks the padlock against the housing. If the lock is a cylinder lock, locks the second locking mechanism, the rotor of the cylinder and / or an output member and / or a locking element relative to the housing. By the first locking mechanism stage according to this special embodiment, a manually operable intermediate element with respect to the housing can be blocked, or (according to the above option b.) Coupled with another element. The first lock mechanism stage is actuated by the motor, the second Locking mechanism stage through the intermediate element, ie the unlocking on the first locking mechanism stage is a prerequisite that can be unlocked on the second locking mechanism stage. This two-stage effect ensures that no force can be exerted on the engine even in the event of violence by unauthorized persons.

The first and second clutch states may be different in that a shaft of the engine is in operative connection with the transmission means in the first clutch state and in the second state with a control mechanism which effects a lock and / or a clutch.

Such a control mechanism may, for example, have a control which has a control surface and thereby influences the position and / or the movement (free) space of blocking elements during a rotation or other movement. This is particularly favorable in a cylindrical arrangement, but can be implemented by such a control surface a rotational movement in the simplest way in a radial movement. For example, locking elements can be pressed by a spring force radially inwardly against the control surface and move radially upon rotation of the control accordingly due to the spring force or against the spring force, thereby releasing or blocking a shear surface depending on the situation.

In the case of two lock mechanism stages, such a control preferably belongs to the first lock mechanism stage.

Alternatively, a control can also cause a locking element itself to be displaced, for example by using the lifting spindle principle. According to a preferred embodiment, the locking device is of modular design and - possibly with minor modifications - suitable for different types of locks. It can have a cylindrical shape as a whole. Alternatively, it can also have another, for example, standardized (for example, tap profile (DIN 8252, also called Europrofil) or similar profile.) In such a case, the locking device has a lot with the corresponding profile cylinder cross-section, wherein the actuating element of this lot and has a larger cross-section - and generally has.

The locking device can - also due to such a standardized outer profile - be inserted into different closure systems. A module comprising the electric motor may further comprise an externally hermetically sealed housing which is interrupted only by an opening for the outwardly projecting shaft, this opening being sealed. The housing may be partially metallic, but preferably comprises a non-metallic component in the case of contactless information transmission, so that an antenna mounted inside the housing can receive electromagnetic signals from outside. The housing may also be non-metallic as a whole, for example. Plastic. In addition to what is described here, the locking device may also have a purely mechanical coding, so that additionally a key provided with mechanical codings has to be used in order to actuate the lock. Such a key may additionally include the identification unit.

Preferably, the identification (i.e., the transmission of data from the identification unit to the electronic module and possibly also from the identification module) takes place

Electronic module to the identification unit) without contact, for example with RFID

Technology. Also possible is the information transfer by means of Capacitive-resistive coupling by the user, as described in the document WO 2007/036 06, the international patent application PCT / CH 2007/000166 or cited therein writings. Other contactless or kotnaktbehaftete information transmission types, for example. About IR, electromagnetic fields of other frequencies, acoustically (ultrasound), etc. are possible.

In the case of a non-contact or in particular a capacitive-resistive information transmission results in a particularly natural motion sequence when operating the locking device. Thus, for example, it may be provided that the identification unit is to be worn only on the body, for example in the trouser pocket. The user then only has to operate the generator by bringing the locking device in the first coupling state and moves the actuator as intended. While the user is doing this or immediately thereafter, an information transfer (via electromagnetic waves and / or capacitive / resistive via the user's body can take place immediately, so that the lock can be opened immediately after the energy storage medium has been charged.

Also preferred, as far as the movement is concerned, are embodiments in which the device automatically transitions from the first to the second coupling state, for example by a spring force.

However, it is alternatively or additionally also possible to exchange information about electrical and / or optical etc. contacts, identification unit and locking device then having corresponding interfaces. A first important application of inventive

Locking devices are, as mentioned, padlocks to which more and more security requirements are being made, as well as more complex locking systems. For example, padlocks are often used to protect the infrastructure of mobile operators, etc. in remote locations. Such infrastructure may only be maintained sporadically, and it is therefore important to ensure proper functioning even if the lock has not been operated for a long time.

The device according to the invention can also be used in connection with lock cylinders which are not readily supplied with electricity, for example in connection with lock cylinders (this term also includes "half cylinders", ie lock cylinders which can only be actuated on one side) for furniture / showcases. / Cabinet closures, closures for external cabinets such as electrical boxes, traffic light cabinets, energy distributors, etc., for gates, safes, etc.

The invention thus also includes the concept already outlined above of providing a locking device, in particular for padlocks, in which the actuating element has a double function. On the one hand, it serves, when actuated, to drive a generator with which an energy store for the electronic module is charged. On the other hand, it serves to make the locking and unlocking of the entire lock - also by mechanical actuation "by hand", for example by the locking module is rotated as a whole.For this purpose, the locking device is designed so that they are controlled by the electronic module in In the first coupling state, actuation (for example rotation) of the actuating element causes the energy accumulator to be charged via the generator In the second coupling state, an actuation (for example rotation) of the actuation element causes an unlocking or unlocking of the castle. The electric drive (eg electric motor), which causes the transition between the first in the second coupling state (and optionally also the reverse transition from the second to the first coupling state) may, according to the aspect described above, be identical to the generator.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to drawings. In the drawings show:

Figures 1 and 2 are views of a padlock according to the invention.

3 shows a view of a locking module of a padlock;

4 and 5 are views of a transfer module of a padlock;

FIG. 6 shows an illustration of a housing module of a padlock; FIG.

Figs. 7 and 8 are illustrations illustrating the locking of the bracket;

9-11 are schematic sectional views of the padlock showing the operation of the second lock mechanism stage;

Fig. 12 is a diagram of components of the locking device. The padlock 1 according to FIG. 1 has essentially three modules from which it is composed:

Housing module with lock housing 2, U-shaped bracket 3 and locking means,

Locking module

Transmission module.

The locking module and the transmission module together form the locking device of the padlock.

From the locking module is in Figure 1, the actuating element, namely the rotary handle 1 1 visible, which is formed in the example shown as compared to a circular cylinder slightly flattened knob; Of course, any other shapes are conceivable.

The lock housing and the bracket may have a known per se for padlocks or in another form. They can - which is also known per se - be metallic, for example. Of stainless steel.

The locking module can be moved relative to the housing between two positions in the axial direction and forth. Figure 2 shows the locking device with the locking module in the pulled-out position. In the embodiment of the invention described here, the withdrawn position corresponds to the first coupling state ("generator operation"). If the locking module is in the fully inserted position according to FIG. 1, the device is in the second coupling state ("locking and unlocking operation").

FIG. 3 shows the locking module 12 in a view. Inside a metallic module housing an electric motor not visible in the figure as well as electronic components of the electronic module are present. The latter include means for receiving data from an identification unit and for verifying access authorization based on the received data. In addition, they include an energy storage module for temporarily storing the electrical energy obtained - for example, one or more capacitors and / or possibly accumulators - and a control of the electric motor and, for example, means for signaling the power state and / or information on whether data received entitle to access. Such signaling means may be optical and / or acoustic (and include, for example, an LED and / or a piezo beeper).

From the electric motor can be seen in Figure 3, the motor shaft 21 with a gear 41 and a coupling pin 15, whose function will be described below.

Figure 4 shows the transmission module 31 in an intent on the - seen from the locking bracket ago - top. It can be seen with respect to the axial direction not rotationally symmetrical locking part 32, which serves to cooperate with the locking means of the housing module. The transmission module has a stator element 33, which is designed to be annular in this case towards the upper side and, in the assembled state of the padlock, is fixed in its position and orientation relative to the housing module due to guide pins 34. The blocking part 32 is formed on a rotor element 35 and, for example, integral therewith and a part of this. Further, a rotatable relative to the stator element and the rotor element gear element 36 is formed, which is coupled in the assembled state of the padlock fixed to the locking module and rotatable by a rotation thereof.

FIG. 5 shows the transmission module in a view from the underside. The gear member 36 is formed as a ring gear, in the teeth of the first clutch state shown in Figure 5, the teeth of a central gear 42 engage, which is rotatably mounted on the rotor element 35. The middle gear 42 in turn cooperates with a central gear 41 which is mounted on the motor shaft 21. Together, the gear member 36, the middle gear 42 and the central gear 41 in the illustrated state, a planetary gear, are translated by which rotations of the locking module relative to the housing and transmitted to the motor shaft 21. In this way, the motor can act as a generator by generating a forced rotational movement of the motor shaft 21 current and the energy can be stored in the energy storage module.

In the second coupling state, the central gear 41 and the gear element 36 are shifted relative to the central gear 42 upwards (ie downwards in the view according to FIG. 5) and thus decoupled. The central gear 41 can then be used for locking and unlocking the padlock, which will be explained in more detail below. In the second coupling state, the coupling pin 15 of the locking module projects into a corresponding recess 35.1 of the rotor element 35 and rotatably couples this to the locking module. In this state, therefore, the padlock by rotation of the locking module 1 by a certain angle, here 90 ° - if the latter is not locked against such - locked or unlocked, which is better seen with reference to the following figures 6 to 8. The rotor element serves as the intermediate element described above for locking the lock.

The length of the coupling pin 15 is selected so that the coupling pin 15 does not protrude into the recess 35.1 in the first coupling state and permits a rotation of the locking module relative to the rotor element 35 necessary for the charging described above.

FIG. 6 shows the housing module. In addition to the actual housing 2 and the U-shaped bracket 3, one also sees the locking means, namely the locking pins 6, which engage in locking recesses 3.1 in the locking state and thus lock it relative to the housing. In the assembled state of the padlock, the locking member 32 is in the space between the locking pin 6 and fixed depending on the position in the locked state or allows movement of the locking pin radially inwards. This is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8. Figure 7 shows the locking member 32 in its Freistelltung in which the locking pins can escape inward, whereby the U-shaped bracket 3 in a conventional manner in the axial direction moved upwards and so the padlock can be unlocked. In Figure 8, the locking pins 6 are blocked by the locking member 32, and the padlock is locked. With reference to FIGS. 9-11, it will be shown how the rotor element 35 - to which, as mentioned, the locking module is coupled non-rotatably in the second coupling state - is locked or unlocked relative to the stator element. These figures each show the same view of the padlock cut along a plane in different states.

FIG. 9 shows the padlock in the state in which the rotor element 35 is blocked with respect to the stator element 33, wherein the locking device is in the first coupling state. On two opposite sides each have a pair of pins 51, 52 which are pressed in the manner of a tumbler (corresponding to the respective first pin 51) with Gegenzuhaltung (corresponding to the respective second pin 52) by a spring force into a position in one of the two pins (in the illustrated embodiment, the second pin 52) locks the shear surface between the rotor element 35 and the stator element 33. By turning the control element designed here as an eccentric element 54, the pin pairs 51, 52 can be moved counter to the spring force into a position in which said shear surface is released.

In the second coupling state, the central gear 41 engages in a corresponding recess 54.1 of the eccentric element 54 and is rotatably coupled thereto. By motor driven rotation of the motor shaft - in the example shown by 90 ° - the eccentric element 54 is then brought into the orientation shown in Figure 10. The lateral surface of the eccentric element 54 acts as a control surface, which moves by the rotation of the pairs of pins to the outside. Since the interface between the first pin 51 and the second pin 52 of each pair of pins in the position according to FIG. 10 coincides with the shear area between the rotor element 35 and the stator element 33, the rotor element (with the first pins 51 ) are rotated relative to the stator element (with the second pins 52), as shown in FIG. Of course, configurations other than those shown in Figs. 9 and 10 are conceivable. For example. In a variant of the illustrated embodiment, the 'tumbler' may be longer (and the 'counter-tumbler' correspondingly shorter) such that the shear surface is released when the control surface of the eccentric element 54 is oriented as shown in FIG. In the orientation of FIG. 10, the 'tumbler' 51 then locks the blocking surface. This variant has the advantage that the shear line can not be released by violently shaking the whole device. Those skilled in the art will be aware of many other ways of implementing an optional lock and unlock (and / or clutch / uncouple) by a control.

FIG. 12 also shows an overview of some components present in the locking module. In the first coupling state, a rotational movement of the rotary handle 11 is transmitted via the transmission 61 to the motor 62 on. This generates electricity which is stored in energy storage means 64 (which, for example, have at least one capacitive element, for example a capacitor, for example an electrolytic capacitor). Depending on the type of motor still current rectifying means and / or other electronic components (not shown) interposed.

The energy storage means 64 are used to power a processor element 65 and the motor 62 when used in the second coupling state to operate the locking device 63. The power supply of the motor can - as shown by the dashed arrow - directly (in which case only one control signal is transmitted from the processor element to the motor) or via the processor element 65.

The processor element 65 is in communication with an antenna 66, via which non-contact data from the identification unit and possibly also to these are sent. This transfer can be done encrypted as known from the contactless information transfer.

An optional signaling means 67 - shown here as an LED; the signaling means may be optical and / or acoustic - may also be controlled and powered by the processor element 65.

As a motor, a commercially available or specially designed for the purpose engine can be used. Particularly suitable because of their simplicity are DC motors, but it can also stepper motors - these provide a particularly high voltage - or other motors are used.

The identification units (eg keys or cards) can be programmed without contact, for example, with a programming card before use. All necessary data such as access rights, time profiles, event memory and status information can be stored or stored in the electronic module of the device according to the invention and / or in the identification units. Changes to the configuration, such as deleting, adding or changing saved access rights and / or time profiles, can also be done using a programming medium. If the identification units are designed as externally at least partially conventional keys, they can be used in combined mechanical and / or mechatronic locking systems.

The identification units are present, for example, as passive elements without their own power supply, as is known, for example, from RFID tags. Alternatively or in addition, at least some of the identification units may also be active and battery operated.

In a system in which all identification units are active and battery powered, the interlocking devices can be operated from a comparatively large distance.

If only a few identification units are active and battery-operated, they can be designed, for example, as programming media and only available to selected users (as a kind of master). The data transmission for the programming takes place, for example, also without contact and, for example, encrypted, whereby information can be transmitted both from the identification unit to the electronic module of the device and vice versa. It can also be provided that such an active identification unit is capable of transferring energy to the electronic module without contact or via electrical contacts. This can be advantageous in the case of programming the electronic module and / or for an emergency opening in the event of a failure of the energy storage.

For the use of the inventive locking device for locks other than padlocks, for example, the locking module and the transmission module can be used together in a lock cylinder, wherein a locking mechanism for a rotor of the cylinder and / or a coupling device to a driven element in a suitable manner with the rotor element 35th is actively connected.

In addition to the drawn and described above features can be provided that the locking device automatically the second Clutch state assumes after the energy storage means are charged. For example. a spring may be present, against the force of which the displacement from the second, as standard assumed, coupling state to the second coupling state takes place. After the user lets go of the actuator after charging, the device goes into the first coupling state, and the unlocking process can be triggered immediately upon receipt of data. For example, in the case of the above-mentioned capacitive-resistive coupling results in a very natural movement, since the user can carry the identification unit in the pocket and the data transmission automatically takes place by the touch of the device by the user.

The skilled person will be able to realize further embodiments with knowledge of the invention. For example, for the motorized by the locking mechanism or clutch mechanism, there are innumerable possibilities, with or without combination with purely mechanical security elements.

For example, while the locking device in the illustrated embodiment is substantially cylindrical, another external shape will be possible. Thus, the profile of the locking device, for example, the normalized Europrofil - or an equivalent profile, eg. According to other standards - correspond. In such a case, among other things, it is possible to arrange elements of a spur gear in the non-cylindrical part of the locking device.

Many other variants are conceivable.

Claims

A locking device for a lock, comprising an electronics module for receiving data from an identification unit and an electric motor for actuating a locking and / or coupling device, through which the lock in response to received from the electronic module

Data is locked and unlocked, characterized in that the locking device can be brought into a first and a second coupling state, wherein in the first coupling state, the electric motor is coupled to an actuating element and acts on actuation of the actuating element as a generator and energy storage means for the electronic module charges, and is coupled in a second coupling state with the locking and / or coupling device.

2. Locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that a shaft of the electric motor in the first coupling state with the actuating element is in operative connection and is in the second state with a control mechanism in operative connection, which causes a blocking and / or a coupling.

3. Locking device according to claim 2, characterized by

Transmission means, by which in the first coupling state, a rotational movement generated by the actuating means translated to the shaft is transmitted.

4. Locking device according to claim 3, characterized in that the transmission or a part of the transmission is designed as a planetary gear.

5. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating element is a rotary handle.

6. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric motor is operatively connected in the second coupling state with a control having a control surface and upon rotation affects the position and / or the movement space of at least one locking means

7. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking and / or coupling device has at least two locking mechanism stages, wherein as a first locking mechanism stage a

Intermediate element against the housing is lockable and second

Locking mechanism stage, the lock can be blocked by the intermediate element.

8. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic module comprises means for contactless receiving and / or transmitting signals.

9. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic module comprises means for receiving and / or transmitting signals by means of the capacitive-resistive coupling.

10. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by additional means for receiving electrical

Energy from a not belonging to the castle and not with this permanently connected active medium, whereby an operation is possible even in the event of failure of the energy storage means.

11. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking device by a hand movement, for example. A translational dislocation of

Actuator, between the first and the second

Coupling state is movable.

12. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by means for automatically bringing the device from the first to the second coupling state.

13. A locking device, for example according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an electronic module for receiving data from an identification unit and an electronically controllable drive for actuating a blocking and / or coupling device, by means of which the lock can be unlocked in response to data received from the electronic module, and a manually operable actuation element characterized in that the locking device in the locked state controlled by the electronic module can be brought from a first to a second coupling state, wherein an actuation of the actuating element in the first coupling state, a charging of a

Energy storage for the electronic module and the electronically controllable drive via a generator and in the second coupling state unlocking the lock causes.

14. Locking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has apart from a head part with the actuating element a normalized Schliesszylinder profile, eg. The profile DINl 8252, corresponding outer cross-section.

15. Lock, comprising a locking device according to one of the preceding claims.

16. A lock according to claim 14, characterized gekennzeichet that it is a padlock and has a padlock housing and a bracket, which is locked by the locking device of the bracket relative to the padlock housing.