EP2199706B1 - Appareil de climatisation d'un dispositif de commutation et une méthode d'utilisation de l'appareil - Google Patents

Appareil de climatisation d'un dispositif de commutation et une méthode d'utilisation de l'appareil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2199706B1
EP2199706B1 EP09014199.5A EP09014199A EP2199706B1 EP 2199706 B1 EP2199706 B1 EP 2199706B1 EP 09014199 A EP09014199 A EP 09014199A EP 2199706 B1 EP2199706 B1 EP 2199706B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
switching device
pumping operation
air conditioner
cooling
heat
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EP09014199.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2199706A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Pfannenberg
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Pfannenberg GmbH
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Pfannenberg GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0401—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0411—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the expansion valve or capillary tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cabinet air conditioner with a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, a heat receiving means, and a refrigerant circuit for performing a compression operation in which a refrigerant is compressed via the compressor to high pressure level and passed into the condenser and cooled there, wherein Heat energy is released to an environment and is then expanded through the expansion valve, wherein the refrigerant evaporates by absorbing heat through the heat receiving means.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a cabinet air conditioner for cooling a cabinet, wherein in a compression operation of the cabinet air conditioner (19) in a refrigerant circuit of the cabinet air conditioner (19) a refrigerant via a compressor (11) is compressed to high pressure level and in a condenser (12) and is cooled there, wherein heat energy is released to an environment, and then via an expansion valve (13) is relaxed, so that the refrigerant evaporates by absorbing heat energy through a heat receiving means (14)
  • the US 2008/0115515 describes a so-called hybrid solution with a cooling mode and a pumping operation for building cooling.
  • a refrigeration device for a cabinet with a refrigeration cycle which has a compressor, an evaporator and a condenser.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a cabinet air conditioner for cabinets of the type mentioned, which consumes less total electrical energy, d. H. with a very low energy consumption.
  • the invention is based on the idea that at a lower ambient temperature and higher cabinet temperature heat exchange takes place by pumping the refrigerant.
  • the heat output absorbed in the control cabinet is transferred to the fluid in the internal heat exchanger, heats the fluid and is delivered to the outer heat exchanger.
  • the absorbed heat output is delivered to the cooler ambient air.
  • Heat-emitting control cabinet components may be electronic components such as programmable logic controllers, other controllers, computers, servers, telecommunications equipment and the like, as well as electromechanical components such as switchgear.
  • cabinets are often housed in special rooms for switchgear or in other rooms in which an ambient temperature of about 20 ° occurs relatively often.
  • a heat exchange according to the principle of a heat exchanger is low.
  • pumping mode preferably no compressor is used.
  • a high pressure is not required in pumping operation. High pressure is required to provide the high pressure. Electrical energy is only needed to run the required pump or additional fans. However, this energy requirement is relatively low.
  • a further reduction of components is realized in a simple manner by providing heat exchangers designed for both plants both in the compression mode and in the pumping mode.
  • a significant advantage of the invention is that cabinets can be designed with very high IP protection class, because the pumping operation according to the heat exchanger principle allows a closed cabinet system without direct air inlet openings, as it is for air conditioning with e.g. Filter fans would be necessary.
  • Another advantage of the air conditioner according to the invention is that components such as condenser or heat exchanger can be used for both modes, whereby the number of additional components required is relatively low.
  • the circulating refrigerant fluid practically fulfills various functions.
  • a first function is the use as a conventional refrigerant in a compression refrigeration cycle with the thermodynamic processes of compressing and expanding, evaporating and liquefying.
  • the refrigerant By compressing from a low pressure to a high pressure, the refrigerant is able to absorb heat at low evaporation temperature and thereafter discharge to the environment at high pressure and temperature in the condenser.
  • the high pressure is brought to low pressure. The refrigerant expands, evaporates and withdraws heat from the control cabinet.
  • a second function of the fluid is that of pure thermal energy transport in pumping mode, without pressure change.
  • the fluid absorbs the heat loss generated by the cabinet components in the heat exchanger and transports it to the outside. Evaporation and condensation processes do not necessarily take place here, but can be part of the heat exchange.
  • the same coolant can be used in a cabinet cooling for both types of cooling, so that the cooling process can be carried out substantially or over large parts of the circle via a common circuit.
  • the invention is based on the fact that a combination of a standard refrigeration cycle in the air-conditioning mode with a pumping operation without pressure change of a fluid provides efficient cooling with a lower energy requirement.
  • the invention is thus based on an extension of a standard refrigeration cycle.
  • a bypass line is connected in parallel to the compressor, through which the refrigerant is pumped during pumping operation. Through the bypass line, a fluid can be transported without flowing through the compressor and without pressure difference during pumping operation.
  • the bypass line can be closed, for example via a shut-off valve.
  • the refrigerant is pumped via the condenser.
  • the condenser then fulfills two functions.
  • the first function is the liquefaction of the gaseous refrigerant by the heat transfer to the environment.
  • the other function is heat dissipation for pumping.
  • the cooling system without the use of the pump work analogously to a gravity heating, which reduces the energy consumption and creates a structure with few components.
  • the reservoir acts as a buffer, so that a trouble-free operation is given when switching from one mode to another.
  • the sump is disposed between the branch to the pump and the expansion valve and the condenser.
  • a common use of condenser and evaporator is possible when pumped the refrigerant via condenser and evaporator without pressure change, so that takes place through the condenser, heat dissipation to the environment or in the evaporator, the heat absorption. As a result, a cost-effective implementation of the invention is possible.
  • the various operating modes can be selectively operated by switching over from the compression mode to pumping mode and vice versa via shut-off valves.
  • a control can be done in the simplest way by a two- or three-point control.
  • the first temperature window with a low temperature range defines that neither climatic operation nor pumping occurs. No cooling is required here.
  • the second temperature window with a medium temperature range defines that only one pumping operation takes place.
  • the third temperature window with a higher temperature range defines that only one climatic operation takes place.
  • dynamic control structures such as P, I, IP, PID controllers and the like can also be used.
  • the control device can be effected by a pump operation which is temperature-dependent with respect to an ambient temperature. It is therefore possible that the ambient temperature is present as a parameter in the control loop. This is done by an ambient temperature sensor connected to the control device reached. The consideration of the ambient temperature brings in a simple way the desired energy savings. By taking into account the ambient temperature in the control as a parameter, namely at a relatively low ambient temperature, a pumping operation can be used, which would be quite sufficient. It is also clear that if the ambient temperature is equal to or higher than the internal temperature, at most only one climatic operation comes into question, since no cooling will take place in pumping operation.
  • the invention further comprises an air conditioning unit designed according to one or more of claims 1 to 7 for control cabinets with a very high IP protection class and with very low energy consumption.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a cabinet air conditioner for cooling a cabinet, wherein in a compression operation of the cabinet air conditioner in a refrigerant circuit of the cabinet air conditioner refrigerant is compressed via a compressor to high pressure level and passed into a condenser and cooled there wherein heat energy is released to an environment, and is then expanded via an expansion valve, so that the refrigerant evaporates by absorbing heat energy via a heat receiving means, and further in an additional pumping operation of the cabinet air conditioner, the refrigerant is pumped without pressure change, so that a heat transfer is carried out by a heat-absorbing heat exchanger to a heat-emitting heat exchanger according to a heat exchanger principle, wherein both in the compression mode and in the pumping operation executed for both operations, the switching is provided in the pumping operation, the refrigerant via the condenser facing the environment, wherein the refrigerant is pumped in the pumping operation via a pump connected in parallel to the expansion valve, wherein the refriger
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a standard refrigeration cycle of an air conditioner for use in a control cabinet.
  • the air conditioner includes a refrigerant circuit with coolant lines L1 to L4. This circuit is used to execute a compression operation. A refrigerant is compressed by the line L1 via a compressor 11 to high pressure level. The rising
  • the refrigerant is supplied via line L2 to a condenser 12. As the refrigerant releases heat energy to the environment, it condenses to reach a liquid state. The heat release to the environment is indicated by the arrow A. The condenser 12 is in contact with the outside air.
  • the refrigerant still has high pressure in line L3. It is then expanded via an expansion valve 13. Via the line L4, the refrigerant is supplied to the evaporator 14, which is in contact with the air of the control cabinet. Here is a heat absorption of dissipated heat loss in the cabinet, which is indicated by the arrow B, the refrigerant evaporates.
  • Fig. 2 This principle is also used by the invention.
  • another cooling principle is provided.
  • an additional pumping operation is present, which in Fig. 2 is illustrated.
  • the refrigerant is pumped around without pressure change, so that a heat transfer takes place according to a heat exchanger principle.
  • the refrigerant circulates in a circle. Without a pump, the system works analogously to a gravity heater. At high transmitted power densities and suitable temperature conditions, evaporation or condensation processes can also occur during the heat exchange processes, which further increases the efficiency of the process.
  • Analogous to the circle according to Fig. 1 are the condenser 12 and the heat receiving means 14, which is designed as a heat exchanger 15, arranged.
  • the heat exchangers 15 and 12 are designed both for the compression operation and for the pumping operation. In pumping operation, the refrigerant is pumped via the condenser 12 without pressure change, so that the heat dissipation takes place to the environment through the condenser.
  • a bypass line L5 is connected parallel to the compressor. There is no compressor in this line L5.
  • the refrigerant is conveyed via this line L5.
  • the line L5 is connected on the one hand to the lines L1a and L1b and on the other hand to the lines L2a and L2b.
  • Parallel to the expansion valve 13 a pump 16 is connected, through which the refrigerant is pumped during pumping operation.
  • the refrigerant is pumped via the condenser 12, via the lines L6 or L6a, L6b and L4b, L1a, L5, L2b, L3a and L3b.
  • a collecting container 17 is connected for the liquid refrigerant collected therein.
  • the collecting tank 17 is located between the lines L3a and L3b or between the condenser 12 and the branch to the expansion valve 13 or the pump 16.
  • the pump 16 sucks liquid refrigerant from the collecting tank 17.
  • the compression operation and the pumping operation are reversible.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cabinet 18 with an air conditioner 19.
  • This can be designed as a cooling module 20 for modular expansion of the control cabinet.
  • the cooling module 20 may be disposed on and sealed to the cabinet so as to preclude ingress of water and dust into the cabinet.
  • the device 19 may be provided with air inlet openings 21 and air outlet openings 22, wherein the arrows C, D illustrate an external air flow. This air flow can be by convection and / or by at least a fan.
  • Fig. 3 is an example to be cooled component K shown.
  • control cabinet 18 circulates a closed air flow E, which can also be done by convection and / or by at least one fan.
  • the outside air is not in contact with the air of the control cabinet in order to achieve the high IP protection class.
  • the control cabinet is practically hermetically sealed.
  • a control device 23 is shown. To these are an internal temperature sensor S1 and / or an ambient temperature sensor S2, the compressor 11, the pump 16, and one or more shut-off valves V1 to Vn and the expansion valve 13 connected.
  • a pumping operation may be turned on at a low ambient temperature.
  • a pumping mode can also be switched on with a low nominal actual value control deviation, while with a high nominal actual value control deviation, the air conditioning mode can be switched on.
  • the cabinet temperature may be 35 ° while the ambient temperature is 20 °.
  • the ambient temperature sensor S2 creates a temperature-dependent cooling operation with respect to the ambient temperature. This is particularly favorable in pumping operation.
  • the control device 23 may be designed so that a constant temperature is regulated in accordance with an adjustable or fixed setpoint of, for example, 35 °. If necessary, the control can turn on the compressor 11 or the pump 16 in case of deviations or control corresponding valves 13, V1 to Vn.
  • the invention is not limited to this example, so instead of a control cabinet analog another housing can be used.
  • a control cabinet analog another housing can be used.
  • any pressure change is to be understood in which a significant increase in the temperature of the refrigerant occurs.

Claims (8)

  1. Climatiseur d'armoire de distribution (19), avec un compresseur (11), un condenseur (12), une soupape de détente (13), un absorbeur thermique (14) et un circuit réfrigérant pour réaliser un mode de compression dans lequel un agent réfrigérant est compressé par l'intermédiaire du compresseur (11) à un niveau haute pression, ainsi que dirigé dans le condenseur (12) pour y être refroidi, de l'énergie thermique étant restituée à un environnement et étant ensuite détendue via la soupape de détente (13), pour que par absorption d'énergie thermique, l'agent réfrigérant s'évapore par l'intermédiaire de l'absorbeur thermique (14),
    le climatiseur d'armoire de distribution (19) présentant un mode de pompage supplémentaire, dans lequel l'agent réfrigérant est transvasable par pompage sans variation de pression, de sorte qu'il s'effectue un transport thermique d'un échangeur thermique absorbant une chaleur vers un échangeur thermique restituant une chaleur selon un principe d'échangeur thermique et dans le mode pompage, l'agent réfrigérant étant pompable par l'intermédiaire du condenseur (12) qui fait face à l'environnement,
    aussi bien en mode compression qu'en mode pompage étant prévu un échangeur thermique (15) réalisé pour les deux modes, qui fait face au côté intérieur de l'armoire de distribution, qui forme l'absorbeur thermique (14),
    à la parallèle de la soupape de détente (13) étant raccordée une pompe (16) par laquelle l'agent réfrigérant est transportable en mode pompage,
    à la parallèle du compresseur (11) étant raccordé un conduit de dérivation (LS) à travers lequel l'agent réfrigérant est transportable en mode pompage,
    un capteur de température intérieure (51) ainsi qu'un dispositif de réglage (23) relié avec celui-ci étant prévus, sur lequel il s'effectue un réglage ou une commutation du mode compression en mode pompage et inversement dépendant de la température, en fonction d'un espace intérieur de l'armoire de distribution, et/ou un capteur de température ambiante (52) ainsi qu'un dispositif de réglage (23) relié avec celui-ci étant prévus, par lequel il s'effectue un mode de refroidissement, notamment un mode pompage dépendant de la température en rapport à une température ambiante.
  2. Climatiseur d'armoire de distribution selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'en aval du condenseur (12) est raccordé un récipient collecteur (17) pour l'agent réfrigérant liquide.
  3. Climatiseur d'armoire de distribution selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'en mode pompage, l'agent réfrigérant est pompable par l'intermédiaire du condenseur (12) sans variation de pression, de sorte qu'une restitution thermique à l'environnement ait lieu par l'intermédiaire du condenseur (12).
  4. Climatiseur d'armoire de distribution selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le mode compression et le mode pompage sont réalisés en étant commutables, une commutation du mode compression en mode pompage et inversement s'effectuant par l'intermédiaire de soupapes de blocage (V1 à Vn).
  5. Climatiseur d'armoire de distribution selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il s'effectue un mode pompage lorsque la température ambiante est inférieure à la température intérieure.
  6. Climatiseur d'armoire de distribution selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une réalisation en tant qu'ensemble modulaire.
  7. Climatiseur d'armoire de distribution selon la revendication 1, destiné à des armoires de distribution à classe de protection IP très élevée, à très faible consommation énergétique.
  8. Procédé destiné à faire fonctionner un climatiseur d'armoire de distribution (19), destiné à refroidir une armoire de distribution, dans un mode compression du climatiseur d'armoire de distribution (19), sur un circuit réfrigérant du climatiseur d'armoire de distribution (19), un agent réfrigérant étant compressé par l'intermédiaire d'un compresseur (11) à un niveau haute pression, ainsi que dirigé dans un condenseur (12) pour y être refroidi, de l'énergie thermique étant restituée à un environnement et ensuite détendue par l'intermédiaire d'une soupape de détente (13), pour que par absorption d'énergie thermique, l'agent réfrigérant s'évapore par l'intermédiaire d'un absorbeur thermique (14),
    dans un mode pompage supplémentaire du climatiseur d'armoire de distribution (19), l'agent réfrigérant étant transvasé par pompage sans variation de pression, de sorte qu'il s'effectue un transport thermique d'un échangeur thermique absorbant de la chaleur vers un échangeur thermique restituant de la chaleur selon un principe d'échangeur thermique, lors duquel, aussi bien en mode compression qu'en mode pompage, il est prévu un échangeur thermique (15) réalisé pour les deux modes, qui fait face au côté intérieur de l'armoire, qui forme l'absorbeur thermique (14), lors duquel, en mode pompage, l'agent réfrigérant est pompé par l'intermédiaire du condenseur (12) dirigé vers l'environnement, lors duquel, en mode pompage, l'agent réfrigérant est transporté par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe (16) raccordée sur la soupape de détente (13), lors duquel, en mode pompage, l'agent réfrigérant est transporté par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit de dérivation (LS) raccordé sur le compresseur (11), un dispositif de réglage (23) relié avec le capteur de température intérieure (51) réglant ou commutant entre le mode compression et le mode pompage, en fonction de la température, en rapport à un espace intérieur de l'armoire de distribution, et/ou un dispositif de réglage (23) relié avec un capteur de température ambiante (52) réglant un mode de refroidissement, notamment un mode pompage, en fonction de la température, en rapport à une température ambiante.
EP09014199.5A 2008-12-17 2009-11-13 Appareil de climatisation d'un dispositif de commutation et une méthode d'utilisation de l'appareil Active EP2199706B1 (fr)

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DE202008016671U DE202008016671U1 (de) 2008-12-17 2008-12-17 Klimagerät

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EP2199706B1 true EP2199706B1 (fr) 2018-01-03

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DE102009023394A1 (de) * 2009-05-29 2010-12-30 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Verbesserte Kälteerzeugungsvorrichtung, insbesondere für Flugzeuge
ITPN20090043A1 (it) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-14 Parker Hiross Spa Dispositivo di raffreddamento migliorato
JPWO2012066763A1 (ja) * 2010-11-15 2014-05-12 三菱電機株式会社 冷凍装置
FR2972047B1 (fr) * 2011-02-25 2022-07-29 Julien Guillaume Leprieur Dispositif pour ameliorer la performance des installations frigorifiques
US9140475B2 (en) * 2012-12-07 2015-09-22 Liebert Corporation Receiver tank purge in vapor compression cooling system with pumped refrigerant economization
CN104764235B (zh) * 2015-04-10 2017-01-11 深圳科士达科技股份有限公司 一种提高低温制冷的氟泵空调一体系统
DE202018106277U1 (de) 2018-11-05 2020-02-06 Pfannenberg Gmbh Klimatisierungsanordnung für einen Schaltschrank und Schaltschrank
CN113251703A (zh) * 2021-06-09 2021-08-13 爱法科技(无锡)有限公司 一种热能聚合技术和设备
CN113405277A (zh) * 2021-07-22 2021-09-17 爱法科技(无锡)有限公司 一种环境能量收集使用系统

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WO2008082379A1 (fr) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-10 Carrier Corporation Commande de capacité de refroidissement libre pour systèmes de climatisation

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