Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
  • B42D25/333—Watermarks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
  • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
  • B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/40—Manufacture
  • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
  • D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
  • B42D25/21—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose for multiple purposes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
  • B42D25/24—Passports
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/40—Manufacture
  • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
  • B42D25/455—Associating two or more layers using heat
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/40—Manufacture
  • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
  • B42D25/46—Associating two or more layers using pressure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/40—Manufacture
  • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
  • B42D25/465—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives
  • B42D25/47—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
  • D21H27/02—Patterned paper
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
  • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
  • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
  • D21H27/32—Multi-ply with materials applied between the sheets
  • D21H27/34—Continuous materials, e.g. filaments, sheets, nets
  • D21H27/36—Films made from synthetic macromolecular compounds

Definitions

• Sheet comprising at least one watermark or pseudo-watermark observable only from one side of the sheet
• the present invention relates to a sheet comprising at least one watermark or pseudo-watermark and also relates to an article, in particular a security document, comprising said sheet.
• watermarks which allow to authenticate a document observation transmitted light.
• these watermarks protect from copying by optical means such as photocopying, photography or digitization, the copy medium having no embedded watermark.
• Watermarks are also used for decorative purposes and prestige especially for printing-writing papers, especially for letterheads, or art papers such as watercolor papers.
• the watermarks in the paper sheets are conventionally obtained during the manufacture of the wet-phase sheet by the deposition of the paper pulp on the embossed web of the paper machine, the amount of pulp deposited is higher in the hollows of the paper machine. embossing and less in the bumps compared to the rest of the paper, which creates differences in opacity, the denser dough areas appear darker and the less dense areas appear lighter, compared to the rest of the sheet (said part vellum) when viewing the leaf (after drying) in transmitted light.
• This technique relates to the manufacture of a paper on a paper machine with round shape.
• These watermarks have different levels of gray depending on the relief of the embossings and are called multitone watermarks.
• the watermarks can also be made by embossing a wet sheet with a watermarking roll (also called “dandy roll") on a flat-bed paper machine. Also known is a technique for producing paper with watermarks having a multiton effect, described in patent application EP-A-1122360, by creating lighter areas (of lower surface density than the vellum zone of the sheet) arranged to form a halftone image in the sheet, obtained with the aid of a set of masks fixed on the drip sheet of the paper machine.
• Patent Application FR 0650470 describes a sheet material comprising at least a first layer defining an outer face of said material and having at least one first color, and at least one second layer comprising at least one watermark and having at least one a second color, the first and second layers having at least different saturations and / or angles of hues. Colored and visible watermarks are thus obtained through the material.
• pseudo-watermarks reproduce the appearance of a watermark with differences in opacity.
• pseudo-watermarks can be obtained mechanically by supplying pressure with or without heat input and / or chemically by applying a composition, for example by increasing the transparency of the paper locally by means of transparentizing substances.
• the density of fibrous material between the lightest and darkest areas of the pseudo-watermark may be uniform unlike a conventional watermark.
• the present invention proposes, in order to meet the requirements mentioned above, a sheet comprising a front face and a reverse side and at least one watermark or pseudo-watermark, this sheet being such that said watermark or pseudo-watermark is observable in transmitted light, less than one of the faces of said sheet.
• the invention more particularly relates to a sheet comprising a front face and a reverse side comprising:
• a first layer comprising at least a first watermark or pseudo-watermark
• a second layer comprising at least one second watermark or pseudo-watermark, this sheet being such that said first watermark or pseudo-watermark is observable in light transmitted, at least in part, only from the front face of the sheet and that said second watermark or pseudo-watermark is observable in transmitted light, at least in part, only from the reverse side of the sheet.
• Each of these watermarks or pseudo-watermarks is therefore observable in transmitted light, at least in part, when we look respectively at the layer having it.
• These watermarks or pseudo-watermarks are not clearly observable, at least in part, simultaneously in transmitted light on the same side of the sheet.
• the sheet according to the invention comprises at least one translucent interlayer and diffusing the so-called “diffusing layer” light, located between the first and second layers.
• diffusing layer light
• transmissive is meant that the material of the layer passes enough light to see through the layer.
• the intermediate layer is advantageously such that the first watermark or pseudo-watermark is observable in light transmitted, at least in part, only from the front face of the sheet at the interlayer and the second watermark or pseudofiligrane is observable in transmitted light, at least in part, than the back side of the sheet at the intermediate layer.
• the invention it is possible to prevent a combination of watermarks or pseudo-watermarks of the two layers together, in particular by the presence of the interlayer. Indeed, without the presence of the interlayer at the level of watermarks or pseudo-watermarks, a combination of watermarks or pseudo-watermarks would be possible.
• the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks of the two layers may be at least partially superimposed on one another, especially at the level of the interlayer.
• the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks can be totally superimposed on one another.
• the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks may not be superimposed on each other, being for example disjoint or contiguous. Watermark or pseudo-watermark
• watermark or pseudo-watermark a drawn image which appears in the thickness of the sheet, in particular in the thickness of the first or the second layer.
• the watermark or pseudo-watermark may be made in various ways known to those skilled in the art, for example in a fibrous or polymer layer.
• the watermark may be a pattern engraved or pressed into a fibrous layer during its manufacture.
• Such a watermark can for example be seen by transparency by creating thinning or overloads of pasta at the time of manufacture of the fibrous layer on a paper machine with round shape with a relief or recessed impression in the training fabric of the round form.
• the watermark can still come from areas where the fibrous layer has been pressed onto a flat-bed paper machine by means of a filigree roller which has the embossing of the embossed watermark, which has the effect of strongly pressing certain areas of the fibrous layer. and to remove the water contained in the fibers at the time of formation of the fibrous layer in the wet part.
• the pseudo-watermark can be produced in a finite fibrous layer by mechanical and / or chemical means by application of certain products, this drawing being always visible in transparency.
• the pseudo-watermark may for example be produced by depositing or printing in certain zones of the fibrous layer a composition which modifies the transparency of the fibrous layer, in particular in order to produce light areas and dark areas, similar to those of a watermark, but without obtaining a result to obtain fineness and brightness variants comparable to those of a conventional watermark.
• the finished fibrous layer can be made transparent by applying, in particular areas, for example a generally oily composition which permanently crystallises the fibrous layer, for example a composition made of oil and transparent mineral material as described in the patent. US 2,021,141 or as for example a composition in the form of a wax combined with a solvent as described in US Pat. No. 1,479,337.
• the finished fibrous layer can also be made transparent by locally applying a wax by heat transfer as described in US Pat. U.S. Patent No. 5,118,526, a radiation-curable fluidic transparentizer composition as described in GB 1,489,084, or a printed polyether, aliphatic isocyanate and alcohol composition as described in DE 3,920,378.
• a fibrous layer comprising a heat-fusible material, for example polyethylene, as described in EP 0 203 499, which under the local action of heat will see its transparency vary.
• the finished fibrous layer can be opacified, without however rendering it completely opaque, by applying, in certain zones, an opacifying agent which increases the opacity of the fibrous layer, as described, for example, in the patent application FR 2,353,676.
• the opacifying agent may for example be an aqueous suspension of a pigment or a filler or a solution of a chemical compound, a colored compound or a dye.
• This agent can be applied during the manufacture of the fibrous layer, on the fibrous web, and before its removal from the fabric, so that the agent penetrates the interstices of the web and causes a change in the opacity of the web to be treated in selected areas, after drying.
• This manufacturing technique has the disadvantage of requiring special devices rollers to apply the agent, and preferably employing a suction device to penetrate the agent in the interstices of the web.
• a pseudo-watermark may also be made according to the method described in W. WALENSKI, "Watermarks and Those That Are Not", Druckapt 52, No. 3: 66-68 (March 1997).
• This document describes a method of manufacturing a pseudofiligrane on uncoated paper, comprising the application under heat and pressure of a marking piece, representing the pattern of the pseudo-watermark, on a sheet of rewetted paper.
• a pseudo-watermark can also be made on an uncoated paper by applying a rewetting solution on one or more determined zones of the paper under heat and pressure so as to evaporate the solution and to densify the paper in the zone or zones determined. .
• the international application WO 97/17493 also describes the manufacture of coated paper comprising pseudo-watermarks resulting from a variation of the weight of the layer applied in given zones, which induces a variation of thickness and opacity in the zones where the weight of the layer is reduced or increased.
• International application WO 1999/014433 also describes another method of manufacturing a pseudo-watermark on a coated paper, which provides for producing an image in the paper after the drying step which follows the last coating operation, by performing the steps in which a rewetting solution is applied to at least one side of the coated paper, in one or more predetermined zones, and a pressure and heat in the area or areas of the coated paper so as to evaporate the solution and densify the coated paper in the area or areas relative to the rest of the paper.
• the pseudo-watermark may finally be made mechanically by making marks by mechanical embossing of determined areas of the fibrous layer as described in patent DE 3 718 452.
• the pseudo-watermark may also be made in a polymer layer by applying a composition capable of modifying its transparency.
• the application WO 91/07285 describes the printing on a synthetic support of a composition modifying the opacity of the support containing at least one mineral filler and at least one binder or a soluble or pigmentary dye.
• the composition is applied in specific areas and the support is then coated over its entire surface with a printable pigment composition according to the coating methods known to those skilled in the art.
• US Pat. No. 4,307,899 discloses an authentication card having an imprint formed on a support, preferably plastic, by the printing of partially superimposed colored layers. Areas printed with a single layer appear brightly in transmitted light and dark in reflected light, and areas printed with multiple layers superimposed appear dark in transmitted light and clear in reflected light, thus producing a watermark effect. By changing the number of layers, it is possible to obtain multiton effects.
• the pseudo-watermark can still be made in a polymer layer by the use of mechanical means.
• a pseudo-watermark can be made on a sheet of a polymer material by passing it between two rollers, one of which bears a hollow or raised pattern as to form an impression as described in EP 0 655 316. The sheet is then stretched so that under transmitted light, the pattern appears black and white corresponding to the areas marked in relief or recessed with the roller.
• the application EP 1 518 661 describes for example a method for producing a pseudofiligrane on a coil sheet by electromagnetic irradiation of certain areas and stretching of the sheet so as to obtain a stretched sheet having transparent areas corresponding to the irradiated areas.
• the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks of the first and second layers can be made according to any of the methods described above.
• One of the layers may comprise a watermark and the other a pseudo-watermark, or the two layers may each comprise a watermark or each a pseudo-watermark.
• the interlayer may be monolayer or multilayer.
• the intermediate layer may be a polymer layer or comprise one or more polymer layers.
• the polymer layer may be in the form of a film.
• the film can be a foamed film or not.
• the polymer layer may comprise a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyester carbonate (PEC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol
• PETG acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
• ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
• a light-collecting film for example of the "waveguide” type, for example a luminescent film based on polycarbonate marketed by Bayer under the name LIS A ®.
• the intermediate layer may be a fibrous layer or comprise one or more fibrous layers.
• the fibrous layer may for example be based on cellulose fibers, in particular cotton fibers, and / or synthetic fibers such as for example polyamide and / or polyester fibers.
• the interlayer may be a translucent tracing paper.
• the first layer and / or the second layer may be fibrous or polymeric layers.
• the first layer and / or the second layer are fibrous layers, in particular based on cellulose fibers, in particular on cotton fibers, and / or on synthetic fibers such as, for example, staple fibers. polyamide and / or polyester.
• the first layer and / or the second layer are polymer layers, especially as described above.
• the first layer and / or the second layer may be polymeric layers with cavities and / or mineral fillers so as to make them partially opaque.
• the first and / or second layer may be coextruded, made from at least one polymeric material, and have a core layer and at least one skin layer, the core layer having voids.
• the "core layer” corresponds to a base layer further from the surface of the first layer or second layer than the "skin layer” which corresponds to a surface layer.
• the first layer and / or the second layer may in particular be made as described in the applications EP 0 470 760 and EP 0 703 071.
• the first and second layers may each comprise a pseudo-watermark, for example made using a laser, by stretching and coating with a printability layer, as described in EP 1 518 661.
• the intermediate layer may be a polymer layer previously extruded or laminated on the first and second layers, for example extruded hot or cold.
• polymer layer previously extruded or laminated on the first and second layers, for example extruded hot or cold.
• an extruded polymer polyethylene or a mixture of polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate may be used.
• the interlayer may be further impregnated or coated on the first and second layers.
• This layer may comprise a translucent chemical compound, for example a dispersed polymer derived from a polymer put into an aqueous dispersion (latex), in particular an acrylic polymer, for example a water-soluble polymer, in particular a polyvinyl alcohol or for example a foam of polymer (that is to say a composition comprising gaseous bubbles, in particular air).
• the interlayer may be assembled to the first and second layers with one or more adhesive layers in liquid form or in the form of movie.
• the spacer layer may be joined to the first and second layers by fusion or welding.
• the intermediate layer may also be or include a layer of adhesive, for example an adhesive film which may also serve to assemble the first and second layers.
• This adhesive film may be for example a polyethylene film.
• the intermediate layer may be pre-coated on at least one of its faces with a pressure-sensitive or heat-reactive adhesive composition, this composition being applied cold or hot, in liquid form, by extrusion or by lamination.
• the inner faces of the first and second layers may be pre-coated with a pressure-sensitive or heat-reactive adhesive composition, which composition is applied cold or hot, in liquid form, by extrusion or by lamination.
• the diffusing nature of the light of the interlayer may come from the refractive index of the interlayer, its composition, its thickness and / or also its surface irregularities.
• the surface irregularities of the intermediate layer can be obtained by embossing or graining this surface.
• the surface irregularities can also be obtained by the irregularities of the surface which supports the layer, which is for example the case of an intermediate layer of polymer extruded on the surface of a first fibrous layer.
• the intermediate layer is a layer having cavitations conferring a diffusing character, for example bubbles.
• the interlayer is a layer comprising a diffusing filler chosen in particular from mineral pigments, in particular kaolin or titanium dioxide, and organic pigments, in particular polystyrene beads or polyurethane.
• the interlayer may have a thickness different from at least one of the first and second layers.
• the interlayer may also have a different width and / or length, especially smaller, of the width and / or length of at least one of the first and second layers.
• the interlayer may extend over the entire surface of the first and second layers.
• the interlayer is partial and extends only over a portion of the surface of the first and second layers of the sheet.
• the intermediate layer preferably extends over an extent of the first and second layers sufficient to cover the filigree or pseudo-watermarked parts of these layers.
• the intermediate layer extends at a portion of the sheet, preferably from one edge to the other of the sheet, in a zone facing at least one watermark or pseudo-watermark, for example to form a band.
• the intermediate layer is partial and extends only over part of the surface of at least one of the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks.
• a part of the watermark or pseudo-watermark is visible only from one side of the sheet while another part (the part not covered by the interlayer) is visible on both sides of the sheet in light transmitted.
• the intermediate layer comprises one or more security elements, chosen inter alia from:
• an ultraviolet absorber especially in the form coated or incorporated in the interlayer
• an automatically readable tracer having specific and measurable luminescence characteristics (for example fluorescence, phosphorescence), light absorption (for example ultraviolet, visible or infrared), Raman activity, magnetism, micro-interaction interaction waves, X-ray interaction or conductivity electric, and any combination of these security elements with each other or with other security features,
• luminescence characteristics for example fluorescence, phosphorescence
• light absorption for example ultraviolet, visible or infrared
• Raman activity Raman activity
• magnetism magnetism
• micro-interaction interaction waves X-ray interaction or conductivity electric
• an electronic device such as an electronic chip.
• the first and / or second layer may also include one or more security elements.
• the security element or elements can for example be chosen from:
• dyes and / or luminescent pigments and / or interferential pigments and / or liquid crystal pigments in particular in printed form or incorporated in the first and / or second layer
• dyes and / or photochromic pigments or thermochromic in particular in printed form or incorporated in the first and / or second layer
• an ultraviolet absorber especially in the form coated or incorporated in the first and / or second layer
• an automatically readable tracer having specific and measurable luminescence characteristics (for example fluorescence, phosphorescence), light absorption (for example ultraviolet, visible or infrared), Raman activity, magnetism, micro-interaction interaction waves, X-ray interaction or electrical conductivity, and any combination of these security elements with each other or with other security features,
• luminescence characteristics for example fluorescence, phosphorescence
• light absorption for example ultraviolet, visible or infrared
• Raman activity Raman activity
• magnetism magnetism
• micro-interaction interaction waves X-ray interaction or electrical conductivity
• an electronic device such as an electronic chip.
• the security element or elements present in one of the first and second layers or in these first and second layers can still be chosen, among others, from:
• a security thread incorporated for example in the mass of one of the layers or in a window, optionally comprising a positive or negative printed impression, a fluorescent agent providing a metallic, goniochromatic or holographic effect, with or without one or more parts demetallized,
• a flat, relatively small security element such as a board, visible or non-visible, in particular luminescent, particles or agglomerates of pigment particles or dyes of the HI-type;
• the first layer and / or the second fibrous layer are provided with at least one through opening (“window").
• the first and second layers may each comprise at least one through opening, at least one opening of the first layer and an opening of the second layer facing each other, for example at the level of the intermediate layer, so as to create a transparent or translucent area in the sheet.
• the first layer and / or the second layer are tinted, the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks then appear tinted.
• tinted you have to understand not white.
• the first layer and / or the second layer may be iridescent or pearlescent, for example with interferential pigments.
• the security elements in particular the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks, of the first and / or the second layer and the security elements of the intermediate layer are placed at the mark.
• the first and / or second fibrous layer is a paper layer comprising a web face (i.e., the face that has been in contact with the web of the paper machine on which the paper pulp) and this canvas face is located towards the inside of the sheet.
• a web face i.e., the face that has been in contact with the web of the paper machine on which the paper pulp
• this canvas face is located towards the inside of the sheet.
• the interlayer when coated, extruded or laminated, is located on the web face of the first and / or second layer.
• first layer and the second layer respectively constitute the front face and the back side of the sheet. These layers are therefore the outer layers of the leaf.
• first layer and / or the second layer may be coated with a transparent pigmented layer, such as that described in application WO02 / 20902.
• the first watermark or pseudo-watermark and the second watermark or pseudo-watermark are different.
• the first watermark or pseudo-watermark and the second watermark or pseudo-watermark may be complementary. They can be complementary in their visual effect or in relation to a concept or an image.
• the first watermark or pseudo-watermark may have a national emblem and a second watermark or pseudo-watermark on the other hand or a text in the case of a security document.
• a bank note can be put respectively a portrait and the value of the ticket.
• the first watermark or pseudo-watermark and the second watermark or pseudo-watermark are identical, and preferably placed symmetrically.
• it may be interesting to verify this identity between the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks for example a character always looking on the same side regardless of the observed face).
• the first watermark or pseudo-watermark and the second watermark or pseudo-watermark are at least partially opposite one another.
• the sheet may be a security sheet and may further comprise another security element such as a security thread, a hologram, security fibers, thermochromic compounds, photochromic or interferential (liquid crystals, iridescent compounds) or a electronic device (such as an electronic chip).
• the grammage of the sheet according to the invention depends on the intended application, and for example it is between 80 and 150 g / m 2 .
• the invention also relates to the method of manufacturing said sheet. More specifically, it is possible to form a first layer in which a first watermark or pseudo-watermark is created, to form a second layer in which a second watermark or pseudo-watermark is created, and to have an intermediate layer between the said first and second layers. These may be as described above.
• said first and second layers can each be made by draining a pulp suspended in the fabric of a machine. paper with embossings and / or raised relief creating watermarks or pseudo-watermarks. It may be to manufacture these layers using two form tanks (round shapes) or using a shaped tank for one of the layers and a "train" for the other layer. These layers can also be formed using a flat table machine, possibly including several tables, and form the watermarks with a filigree roller. This method can be advantageous in the case where one wants a watermark seed, that is to say, repeated over the entire surface of the layer.
• the layers can be tinted by coloring in an incoherent press to obtain colored watermarks or pseudo-watermarks.
• the intermediate layer is deposited by surface treatment, in particular by spraying, by gluing press or by coating, of a compound on the inner face of said first layer and / or said second layer. This can be done in particular on the wet fibrous layers during their manufacture on the paper machine or after drying.
• One of the coating devices used can be used in the paper industry, for example an air knife coater or a curtain coater. These devices make it possible to have a layer which remains sufficiently on the surface and which marries the irregularities of surface on which it is deposited.
• a polymer layer is extrusion deposited on the first and / or second layer and then the two layers are assembled by hot pressing (lamination), the extruded polymer layer or layers forming the interlayer.
• said first and second filigree or pseudo-watermarked layers are counteracted with a compound forming the interlayer, in particular with an adhesive compound or a foam, the latter being heat-fusible or non-fusible. .
• the intermediate layer is laminated or laminated between the first and second layers.
• a seed polymer film is laminated between two sheets of paper.
• the sheet comprises:
• first fibrous layer comprising a first watermark or pseudofiligrane
• second fibrous layer comprising a second watermark or pseudo-watermark
• an intermediate layer formed of a first polymer layer extruded on the first fibrous layer and a second polymer layer extruded on the second fibrous layer.
• each extruded layer has a basis weight of about 20 g / m 2 .
• the extruded layers may be in direct contact or comprise a film (quasi) transparent inserted between them which may itself comprise security elements or an electronic device.
• the intermediate layer may comprise several layers themselves translucent and having a diffusing effect. These layers can be directly in contact or separated by (quasi) transparent layers which may optionally include security elements, for example an electronic device.
• the invention also relates to an article comprising a sheet as defined above.
• the article may be chosen from security documents, printing-writing papers, for example letterheads, art papers, watercolor papers or packaging, especially those intended to contain luxury products.
• the security document may be chosen from identity documents, in particular an identity card or a passport, the means of payment, in particular banknotes, checks, vouchers or vouchers, admission tickets to cultural or sports events, transport tickets.
• Figure 1 shows a view of the front side of a sheet according to the state of the art devoid of interlayer.
• FIG. 2 represents a view of the reverse side of the sheet of FIG. 1.
• FIG. 3 represents a sectional view of a sheet according to the invention, comprising pseudo-watermarks.
• FIG. 4 shows a front view of the sheets of Figures 3 and 6 according to their front face observed in transmitted light.
• FIG. 5 represents a front view of the sheets of FIGS. 3 and 6 according to their verso face observed in transmitted light.
• Figure 6 shows a sectional view of another sheet according to the invention comprising watermarks.
• Figure 7 shows a sectional view of another example of a sheet according to the invention with an interlayer of reduced dimensions.
• Figures 8 and 9, 10 and 11, and 12 and 13 show front views, front and back, of sheets 1 according to the invention with variable positions of watermarks or pseudofiliganes.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively show, in front view, the front face and the back side of an exemplary sheet according to the state of the art.
• the sheet has first and second fibrous or polymeric layers.
• the first layer may comprise a watermark or pseudo-watermark representing for example an emblem
• the second layer may comprise another watermark or pseudo-watermark corresponding in this example to the text "XYZY”.
• the two watermarks or pseudo-watermarks are partially superimposed on each other. Alternatively, they could be totally superimposed on one another or disjointed, for example contiguous to one another.
• Figure 3 shows, in sectional view, an example of sheet 1 according to the invention.
• the sheet 1 comprises a first layer 2 and a second layer 3 may be as described above, and an intermediate layer 6 may include the characteristics described above, extending for example over the entire surface of the first and second layers 2 and 3.
• the first layer 2 and the second layer 3 respectively comprise a pseudo-watermark 4 and a pseudo-watermark 5, as described above, partially superimposed on one another.
• the pseudo-watermarks 4 and 5 may be totally superimposed on one another or disjoint, for example contiguous to one another.
• the sheet 1 according to the invention may make it possible to prevent the combination of pseudo-watermarks 4 and 5 from observation in transmitted light.
• FIG. 6 represents another example of sheet 1 according to the invention, the obtaining of which is detailed hereinafter in example 1.
• FIG. 7 is a sectional view, schematically to facilitate understanding, of another example of sheet 1 according to the invention, comprising a first layer 2 and a second layer 3 that may be as previously described and an intermediate layer 6.
• the interlayer 6 has dimensions, including a width, smaller than those of the first 2 and second 3 layers.
• the interlayer 6 may for example correspond to a translucent band and diffusing light, monolayer or not.
• Figures 8 and 9 respectively show the front and back of a sheet 1 according to the invention, which can correspond to the sheet of Figure 7.
• the sheet 1 comprises an interlayer 6 in the form of a strip.
• the first layer 2 comprises several watermarks or pseudo-watermarks 4, in particular a watermark or pseudo-watermark 4 located completely at the level of the intermediate layer 6.
• the second layer 3 also comprises several watermarks or pseudo-watermarks 5, in particular a watermark or pseudo-watermark 5 located completely at the level of the intermediate layer 6.
• Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the possibility for the watermarks or pseudo-watermarks 4 and 5 of a sheet 1 according to the invention to be totally superimposed on one another.
• the sheet 1 has a not shown intermediate layer extending over the entire surface of the first and second layers 2 and 3.
• Figures 12 and 13 finally illustrate the possibility for watermarks or pseudofiligranes 4 and 5 of a sheet 1 according to the invention to be disjoint.
• the sheet 1 comprises a not shown intermediate layer extending over the entire surface of the first and second layers 2 and 3.
• a sheet 1 according to the invention of paper type security is manufactured.
• a first fibrous layer 2 having a watermark 4 is formed on a round-shaped paper machine having a shaped bowl, by draining a pulp suspension having cellulose fibers on the web of the shape, the watermark being formed according to the embossings that comprise the fabric, this layer is dried.
• This layer (paper sheet) has a thickness of 100 microns, for example.
• a second fibrous layer 3 having a watermark 5 different from the watermark 4 is formed and dried. Its thickness is also 100 microns for example.
• the watermarks are different, the watermark 4 represents for example an emblem and the watermark 5 represents for example a text "XYZ Y".
• a polymer layer is extruded, for example on the basis of
• a sheet 1 according to the invention is thus obtained.
• the watermark 4 transmitted light but we do not see the watermark 5, as shown in Figure 4; in the same way, only the watermark 5 is seen by observing the sheet in transmitted light opposite the layer 3, as illustrated in FIG.
• a first fibrous layer having a first watermark is formed on a round shaped paper machine having a shaped bowl, by draining a pulp suspension having cellulose fibers on the web of the form, the watermark being formed according to the embossings that comprise the fabric, this layer is dried.
• a layer of polymer for example polyethylene (PE)
• PE polyethylene
• a layer of polymer for example polyethylene, is extruded onto the web face of the second (dry) layer so as to obtain an extruded sheet with surface irregularities.
• the two layers thus coated with a polymer layer are hot-bonded, extruded face against extruded face.
• the two extruded polymer layers form an interlayer having a diffusing character.
• a sheet according to the invention is thus obtained.
• Example 3 A sheet according to the invention of the security paper type is formed on a flat-table paper machine comprising two forming tables.
• a pulp suspension comprising cellulose fibers is driped onto the fabric of each table to form respective fibrous layers each comprising seed watermarks.
• One layer of a polymer for example a translucent acrylic polymer in the form of a latex (polymer in stabilized aqueous dispersion)
• a polymer for example a translucent acrylic polymer in the form of a latex (polymer in stabilized aqueous dispersion)
• the two layers are assembled by pressing them against each other, the polymer layer being located between the fibrous layers to form said intermediate layer, its diffusing nature coming from its surface irregularities (induced by that of the fibrous layer ).
• a first fibrous layer is formed having a first watermark made partly wet on a paper machine.
• a second fibrous layer comprising a second watermark also made partly wet on a paper machine.
• the intermediate layer used is in the form of a translucent and light-diffusing complexing film made of thermoplastic polymer, in particular polyethylene.
• the first fibrous layer, the interlayer and the second fibrous layer are heat-assembled, without pressure or with moderate pressure, so that the interlayer is sandwiched between the two fibrous layers and the watermarks of the two fibrous layers are for example superimposed.
• a sheet according to the invention is thus obtained which, observed in transmitted light, is such that the first watermark is observable only on the side of the first layer and such that the second watermark is only observable on the side of the second layer. .
• Example 5 A first layer is formed using a flexible synthetic support, for example made of polyethylene, on which a first mark is deposited, located on the outer surface of the support, for example by a layer of a composition modifying the opacity and non-localized on this same face a printability layer according to WO 91/07285 so as to obtain a synthetic support with a first pseudo-watermark.
• a flexible synthetic support for example made of polyethylene
• a first mark located on the outer surface of the support, for example by a layer of a composition modifying the opacity and non-localized on this same face a printability layer according to WO 91/07285 so as to obtain a synthetic support with a first pseudo-watermark.
• a second layer is formed by means of a flexible synthetic support, for example made of polyethylene, on which is deposited, on the outside surface of the support, a second mark, constituted for example by a layer of a composition modifying the opacity and non-localized on this same face a printability layer according to WO 91/07285, so as to obtain a synthetic support with a second pseudo-watermark.
• a flexible synthetic support for example made of polyethylene
• a second mark constituted for example by a layer of a composition modifying the opacity and non-localized on this same face a printability layer according to WO 91/07285, so as to obtain a synthetic support with a second pseudo-watermark.
• the translucent and light-diffusing interlayer used consists, for example, of a polyethylene laminating film which has a softening temperature lower than that of the synthetic supports used to form the first and second layers.
• the softening temperature of the laminating film, with or without pressure, is hot-bonded to the first and second layers and the interlayer, the printability layers being located on the outside of the sheet, so that the interlayer is taken between the first and second layers and that the first and second peudo-watermarks are for example superimposed.
• a sheet according to the invention is obtained which, observed in transmitted light, is such that the first pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the first layer and such that the second pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the first layer. the second layer.
• first fibrous layer comprising a heat-sensitive material having a first pseudo-watermark in its thickness according to EP 0 203 499.
• second fibrous layer comprising a heat-sensitive material and having a second pseudo-watermark in its thickness according to EP 0 203 499.
• the inner faces of the first and second layers are pre-coated with a layer of a transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive.
• the intermediate layer used is in the form of a translucent and light-diffusing film, for example polyethylene terephthalate.
• the first fibrous layer, the interlayer and the second fibrous layer are cold-pressed and pressure-bonded so that the interlayer is sandwiched between the first and second fibrous layers using the layers of pressure and that the first and second pseudo-watermarks are for example superimposed.
• a sheet according to the invention is thus obtained which, observed in transmitted light, is such that the first pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the first layer and such that the second pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the second layer.
• a first layer of fibrous material having a first watermark in the form of repeating patterns present on the entire surface of the first layer is formed on a paper machine with a round shape in the form of two layers, the watermark being made partly wet, and a second layer fibrous material comprising a second watermark in the form of repeated patterns present throughout the surface of the second layer, watermark the watermark being made partly wet.
• a film of luminescent polycarbonate such as for example the film sold under the name LISA® by the company Bayer, with a coating of a heat-sealing varnish. Then, the film is cut into strips of width greater than those of the first and second watermarks. An interlayer in the form of a strip is thus obtained.
• the interlayer is inserted between the first and second fibrous layers on the twin-jet paper machine so that the interlayer in the form of a strip is located between the two fibrous layers at the two watermarks which, due to their extension over the entire surface of the layers are themselves superimposed.
• the heat-sealing varnish on both sides of the interlayer is reactivated and allows the attachment of the interlayer with the two fibrous layers during cooling.
• a sheet according to the invention is thus obtained which, observed in transmitted light, is such that the first watermark and the second watermark are both observable. combined on the side of the first fibrous layer but also on the side of the second fibrous layer out of the band corresponding to the intermediate layer.
• the first watermark is observable only on the side of the first fibrous layer and the second watermark only on the side of the second fibrous layer.
• a first pseudo-watermark and a second pseudo-watermark are produced on each of the supports by hot embossing, such as described in WO 2007/016148.
• An interlayer is used in the form of a PET film pre-glued with an adhesive of polyethylene and ethylene vinyl acetate (PE / EVA) on each of its faces.
• the first support is hot assembled with the first pseudo-watermark, the intermediate layer and the second support with the second pseudo-watermark so that the intermediate layer is taken between the two supports and that the two pseudo-watermarks for example, be superimposed.
• a sheet according to the invention is thus obtained which, observed in transmitted light, is such that the first pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the first layer formed by the first support and the second pseudo-watermark is not visible. observable only on the side of the second layer formed by the second support.
• Example 9 First and second fibrous layers are formed, each having a printability layer on their surface.
• An intermediate layer is used in the form of a translucent and light diffusing film of polyethylene.
• the first fibrous layer, the interlayer and the second fibrous layer are assembled so that the interlayer is sandwiched between the two fibrous layers.
• the hot obtained assembly is laminated, the printability layers being located outside.
• Each of the printability layers for example in a juxtaposed manner, is then made with a first and a second pseudo-watermark according to the process described in WO 1999/014433, that is to say by applying a rewetting solution on each layers of printability at the pseudo-watermarks and then applying pressure and heat to the areas of the reworked printability layers to evaporate the solution and densify the fibrous layers in these areas.
• a sheet according to the invention is thus obtained which, observed in transmitted light, is such that the first pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the first layer and such that the second pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the second layer.
• Two polyethylene films marketed under the name Polyart® by the company ARJO WIGGINS are used as first and second layers.
• a first and a second pseudo-watermark are made using electromagnetic radiation, for example a laser, for example according to the method described in EP 1 518 661, that is to say by irradiation. electromagnetic zones and stretching so as to obtain transparent areas corresponding to the irradiated areas. Then, if necessary, a printability layer is applied to at least one face of each of the polyethylene films. Finally cutting, for example by punch, a through opening on each of the polyethylene films.
• An interlayer is used in the form of a translucent and light-diffusing film made of transparent polyester.
• the first layer, the interlayer and the second layer are assembled by means of pressure-sensitive adhesives so that the interlayer is sandwiched between the two layers and the through-openings of the first and second layers are formed. are located opposite one another.
• the cold set is laminated, the printability layers being located outside.
• a sheet according to the invention is thus obtained which, observed in transmitted light, is such that the first pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the first layer and such that the second pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the second layer.
• the sheet thus obtained also comprises, at the through apertures of the first and second layers, a totally translucent zone.
• Example 11 First and second fibrous layers each having a watermark on a flat-bed paper machine are formed, the watermarks being formed by means of a water-flow roller. At least one through aperture is made, for example by laser cutting, on each of the first and second fibrous layers.
• An interlayer is used in the form of a light-collecting strip or patch, for example of the "waveguide” type, for example a strip or a luminescent patch based on polycarbonate marketed by the Bayer company under the LIS A® name.
• a pattern is made by means of microperforations, for example a portrait, showing the "waveguide” luminescent effect of the interlayer.
• the first layer, the interlayer and the second layer are adhesively bonded together so that the interlayer is sandwiched between the two layers, particularly at the watermarks, and the microperforated zone of the interlayer and the through openings of the first and second fibrous layers are located opposite.
• a sheet according to the invention which, observed in transmitted light, is such that the first pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the first layer at the intermediate layer in the form of a strip or patch and such that the second pseudo-watermark is observable only on the side of the second layer at the intermediate layer in the form of band or patch.
• the sheet thus obtained also makes it possible to observe the "waveguide" effect of the interlayer sheet at the through openings of the first and second layers.

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