EP2196373A1 - Flap lock - Google Patents

Flap lock Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2196373A1
EP2196373A1 EP09175900A EP09175900A EP2196373A1 EP 2196373 A1 EP2196373 A1 EP 2196373A1 EP 09175900 A EP09175900 A EP 09175900A EP 09175900 A EP09175900 A EP 09175900A EP 2196373 A1 EP2196373 A1 EP 2196373A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flap
locking
actuating shaft
closure according
hook
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09175900A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2196373B1 (en
Inventor
Gerd Dieter Wenske
Patrick Jordan
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On Rail Gesellschaft fur Eisenbahnausruestung und Zubehor Mbh
Original Assignee
On Rail Gesellschaft fur Eisenbahnausruestung und Zubehor Mbh
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Priority to PL09175900T priority Critical patent/PL2196373T3/en
Publication of EP2196373A1 publication Critical patent/EP2196373A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2196373B1 publication Critical patent/EP2196373B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D7/00—Hopper cars
    • B61D7/14—Adaptations of hopper elements to railways
    • B61D7/16—Closure elements for discharge openings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flap closure, in particular for an unloading flap of a bulk material wagon, with a closure flap arranged pivotably about at least one detent element spaced apart from the flap axis and with at least one latch hook pivotally mounted about a hook axis which engages in a locking position with a detent pawl on the detent element and is in a relation to the locking position pivoted release position out of engagement with the locking element.
  • flap closures are used for example on railway freight wagons with saddle floor self-unloading and serve to hold the side of the freight wagon shutters securely in their closed state and release for unloading the cargo, so that the flaps can swing open and the load on the saddle floor flows through the then opening discharge from the car.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a flap closure of the type mentioned in such a way that the wear between the latch hook and locking element is significantly reduced.
  • the locking hook is arranged transversely between the locking position and its release position transversely to the flap axis in the opening direction of the closure flap.
  • the latch hook when opening does not, as in the past, a pure rotary pivoting movement, in which the pawl surface is withdrawn under great contact pressure of the closing in the opening direction of the closure Zuhalteides of this, but the latch hook initially performs a translational movement in the opening direction, so initially lifted a little way from the locking element before the pivoting pivotal movement pivots the hook in its release position.
  • the locking hook can be connected to a rotatably mounted actuating shaft, wherein the arrangement is preferably made so that the actuating shaft is designed as eccentric or crank and has an eccentric or spaced from the axis of rotation of the actuating shaft pivot bearing on the latch hook is pivotally mounted.
  • the arrangement can be made, for example, so that the pivot bearing is arranged on a rotatably connected to the actuating shaft crank arm.
  • the crank arm is in the locking position in a position in which the actuating shaft is located between the hook axis of the pivot bearing and the contact area between the tumbler and the pawl surface, wherein the crank arm preferably in the locked position a piece over a is defined by a connecting line between the contact region and the axis of rotation of the actuating shaft dead center position is pivoted.
  • the locking hook against the action of a locking spring is pivotally movable.
  • the tumbler spring causes when opening the latch that the latch hook initially still applies to the free edge of the flap and thus initially performs a substantially translational movement before the gear geometry forces him into the rotary pivoting movement to reach the release position.
  • the locking spring causes the locking hook, with its pawl surface, to be initially slightly spaced from the locking element against the edge of the flap applies before it is again pulled in translational movement against the locking element and the flap thereby locked.
  • a structurally advantageous design results when the locking hook has a passage for the actuating shaft, which in a particularly simple manner, a plurality of locking hooks can be moved by the same actuating shaft and at the same time the locking arrangement can be accommodated in the smallest possible space. It is particularly advantageous if the passage has an opening width which is greater than the diameter of the actuating shaft and if the edge surfaces of the passage form stop faces for the actuating shafts. The arrangement is then such that the crank movement of the crank arm or eccentric of the actuating shaft is converted into an at least largely pure translational movement of the locking hook, as long as the actuating shaft does not affect any of the edge surfaces of the passage in the locking hook. However, as soon as the actuating shaft comes into contact with one of the peripheral surfaces of the passage, the crank gear is blocked or frozen and the rotational movement of the actuating shaft is converted directly into a rotational pivoting movement of the locking hook.
  • the actuating shaft may be rotatable by means of a cylinder-loaded, radially projecting from the actuating shaft operating lever, wherein as a drive cylinder is preferably because of the locomotive provided by the available compressed air, a pneumatic cylinder is used.
  • a hydraulic cylinder can be used or an electric drive, which acts, for example via a gear stage on the actuating shaft.
  • Fig. 1 in its entirety with 10 designated flap closure is used to lock an unloading flap 12 of a railroad bulk freight cars with gravity discharge, in which after opening the flap 12, the recorded in the car, not shown bulk material slips over a saddle-shaped bottom 13 and through which at the lower end of the bottom between this and the open flap auftuenden gap comes to the outside.
  • flap actuators for example in the form of a scissor or handlebar stem drive are provided at the front and rear end, by means of which the flap can be pivoted from its closed position to the open position.
  • the flap closure 10 For locking the closure flap in its closed position, for example, during the journey of the bulk goods wagon, the flap closure 10 has a plurality of spaced apart from the flap axis 14 on the underside 15 of the closure flap 12 arranged Zuhalteiata 16 and a corresponding number of locking hooks 17, which are arranged navschwenkbeweglich on the vehicle frame 18.
  • the latch hooks 17 engage with a pawl surface 19 of their lying at a distance from the hook axis 20, front retaining cam 21 on the downwardly projecting engagement flange 22 of the associated locking member 16 and thus prevent inadvertent opening of the closure flap 12.
  • the latch hooks 17 In a relation to the locking position pivoted release position ( Fig. 2e ) the latch hooks 17 are disengaged from the tumblers 16 so that the actuators (not shown) for the flap can pivot them to their open position for unloading the bulk material.
  • the bulk material received in the hold presses the closure flap with high force outwards, so that the effective between the pawl surfaces of the locking hooks and the attack flanges of the associated locking elements surface pressures are very high and it when opening the locking hooks in a pure pivotal movement perpendicular to Opening direction 23 of the flap would come to heavy wear.
  • the locking hooks between their locking position ( Fig. 1 ) and their release order ( Fig. 2e ) arranged transversely to the flap axis 14 translationally in the opening direction 23 of the closure flap 12.
  • each latch hook is pivotally mounted at its rear end 24 on a crank pin 25 of a crank arm 26, which in turn is rotatably connected to a common actuating shaft 27 which is rotatably mounted in the vehicle frame.
  • the length of the actuating shaft is at least as large as the distance between the furthest remote latch hooks.
  • the actuating shaft is pivoted (not shown) acted upon by a pneumatic cylinder lever arm to unlock or lock the flap.
  • hydraulically or electrically operated locks are possible.
  • the locking hooks have a window-like passage 28 for the actuating shaft 27, wherein the passage 28 has an opening width 29 which is greater than the diameter D of the actuating shaft.
  • the edge surfaces 30, 31 of the window-like passage 28 form stop surfaces for the actuating shaft 27, as will be described in detail below.
  • the locking and unlocking with the flap closure according to the invention works as follows:
  • the translational movement of the locking hooks outwards is superimposed by a pivoting movement of the rear end 24 of the locking hooks upwards, so that the window-like passage 28 surrounding the actuating shaft likewise moves upwards.
  • the actuating shaft loses its contact with the upper edge surface 30 (FIG. Fig. 2b ) and comes in the further pivotal movement in contact with the lower edge surface 31 of the passage ( Fig. 2c ), which has the consequence that the crank mechanism formed by the crank arm, crank pin and locking hook freezes and on further rotation of the actuating shaft, the locking hooks perform a pure pivotal pivoting movement about the axis of the actuating shaft (Fig. 4d).
  • the locking of the flap takes place in a correspondingly opposite movement by turning back the actuating shaft 27, in the drawing so counterclockwise, starting from the release position according to Fig. 2e in the locking position according to Fig. 2a ,
  • the locking hook initially performs a rotary pivoting movement until the pawl surface 19 is located on its retaining cam 21 at the level of the engagement flange 22 of the locking element 16, wherein the locking spring ensures that the locking hook does not (down) pivot downwards during the subsequent translatory movement can.
  • an elastic pressure element 35 for example, over the length of the flap arranged on this, elastic sealing strip provided.
  • an elastic pressure element is not absolutely necessary, because the over-center position of the flap lock can of course also be achieved due to the elasticity inherent in the saddle bottom and / or the closure flap.
  • the pressure element increases primarily the tightness of the unloading flaps.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Filters For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)

Abstract

The flip-top closure (10) has a cover flap arranged around a flap axis (14) in a tilted manner. A locking hook (17) is translatory arranged between its locking position and its releasing position transverse to the flap axis in opening direction (23) of the cover flap.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Klappenverschluss, insbesondere für eine Entladeklappe eines Schüttgutwagens, mit einer um eine Klappenachse verschwenkbar angeordneten Verschlussklappe mit mindestens einem beabstandet zur Klappenachse angeordneten Zuhalteelement und mit mindestens einem um eine Hakenachse drehschwenkbeweglich angeordneten Riegelhaken, der in einer Verriegelungsstellung mit einer Sperrklinkenfläche am Zuhalteelement angreift und in einer gegenüber der Verriegelungsstellung verschwenkten Freigabestellung außer Eingriff mit dem Zuhalteelement ist.The invention relates to a flap closure, in particular for an unloading flap of a bulk material wagon, with a closure flap arranged pivotably about at least one detent element spaced apart from the flap axis and with at least one latch hook pivotally mounted about a hook axis which engages in a locking position with a detent pawl on the detent element and is in a relation to the locking position pivoted release position out of engagement with the locking element.

Derartige Klappenverschlüsse kommen beispielsweise an Eisenbahn-Güterwagen mit Sattelboden-Selbstentladung zum Einsatz und dienen dazu, die seitlich an den Güterwagen angeordneten Verschlussklappen sicher in ihrem Schließzustand zu halten und zum Entladen des Ladegutes freizugeben, so dass die Verschlussklappen aufschwenken können und das Ladegut über den Sattelboden durch die sich dann öffnende Entladeöffnung aus dem Waggon fließt.Such flap closures are used for example on railway freight wagons with saddle floor self-unloading and serve to hold the side of the freight wagon shutters securely in their closed state and release for unloading the cargo, so that the flaps can swing open and the load on the saddle floor flows through the then opening discharge from the car.

Da die Verschlussklappen bei beladenem Wagen unter dem hohen Druck des Ladegutes stehen, der bestrebt ist, die Klappen nach außen zu schwenken, ist die zwischen jedem Riegelhaken und zugehörigem Zuhalteelement wirkende Flächenpressung sehr groß und die Sperrklinkenfläche des Riegelhakens und der damit zusammenwirkende Kontaktbereich am Zuhalteelement sind einem großen Verschleiß ausgesetzt, wenn die Riegelhaken unter der auf sie wirkenden Last des gegen die Verschlussklappen drückenden Schüttgutes aus ihrer Verriegelungsstellung in die Freigabestellung verschwenkt werden. Schon nach verhältnismäßig wenigen Öffnungsvorgängen kann es daher bei den bekannten Klappenverschlüssen erforderlich werden, die Riegelhaken, die Zuhalteelemente oder zumindest an diesen Teilen vorgesehene Verschleißstücke auszutauschen, was nicht zuletzt wegen der dann erforderlichen Stillstandszeiten des Schüttgutwagens teuer ist.Since the flaps are loaded with the car under the high pressure of the load, which tends to pivot the flaps to the outside, acting between each latch hook and associated locking element surface pressure is very large and the pawl surface of the latch hook and the cooperating contact area on the locking element subjected to great wear when the locking hooks are pivoted under their acting load of the pressing against the flaps bulk material from its locking position to the release position. Already after relative Therefore, in the case of the known flap closures, it is possible for a few opening operations to exchange the locking hooks, the locking elements or at least parts provided on these parts, which is expensive not least because of the then required downtime of the bulk material cart.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Klappenverschluss der eingangs genannten Art so auszugestalten, dass der Verschleiß zwischen Riegelhaken und Zuhalteelement merklich reduziert wird.The object of the invention is to provide a flap closure of the type mentioned in such a way that the wear between the latch hook and locking element is significantly reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass der Riegelhaken zwischen seiner Verriegelungsstellung und seiner Freigabestellung quer zur Klappenachse translatorisch in Öffnungsrichtung der Verschlussklappe angeordnet ist.This object is achieved with the invention in that the locking hook is arranged transversely between the locking position and its release position transversely to the flap axis in the opening direction of the closure flap.

Erfindungsgemäß führt der Riegelhaken beim Öffnen also nicht wie in der Vergangenheit eine reine Drehschwenkbewegung aus, bei der die Sperrklinkenfläche unter großem Anpressdruck des in Öffnungsrichtung der Verschlussklappe drückenden Zuhalteelementes von diesem abgezogen wird, sondern der Riegelhaken führt zunächst eine translatorische Bewegung in Öffnungsrichtung aus, wird also zunächst ein Stück weit vom Zuhalteelement abgehoben, bevor die Drehschwenkbewegung den Haken in seine Freigabestellung verschwenkt. Da sich die Verschlussklappe beim Entriegeln der Riegelhaken nicht von selbst schlagartig öffnet, sondern von einem hierfür vorgesehenen Klappenantrieb betätigt wird, der selbst eine Haltefunktion bei statischer und dynamischer Belastung ausübt, macht das an der Verschlussklappe angeordnete Zuhalteelement die translatorische Bewegung des Riegelhakens nicht oder jedenfalls nicht vollständig mit, so dass schon durch eine vergleichsweise kleine Translationsbewegung der Kontakt zwischen Riegelhaken und Zuhalteelement aufgehoben oder jedenfalls die zwischen diesen beiden Teilen im Verriegelungszustand herrschende Flächenpressung erheblich reduziert wird und der Haken dann ohne großen Kraftaufwand und praktisch verschleißfrei in die Freigabestellung verschwenkt werden kann.According to the invention, the latch hook when opening does not, as in the past, a pure rotary pivoting movement, in which the pawl surface is withdrawn under great contact pressure of the closing in the opening direction of the closure Zuhalteelementes of this, but the latch hook initially performs a translational movement in the opening direction, so initially lifted a little way from the locking element before the pivoting pivotal movement pivots the hook in its release position. Since the shutter does not open suddenly when unlocking the latch hooks, but is actuated by a designated this damper drive, which itself performs a holding function under static and dynamic load, does not make the translational movement of the latch hook or at least not arranged on the closure flap Zuhalteelement completely with, so that already lifted by a relatively small translational movement of the contact between locking hook and locking element or at least the ruling between these two parts in the locking state surface pressure is significantly reduced and the hook then without large Force and virtually wear-free can be pivoted into the release position.

In an sich bekannter Weise kann der Riegelhaken an einer drehbar gelagerten Betätigungswelle angeschlossen sein, wobei die Anordnung bevorzugt so getroffen ist, dass die Betätigungswelle als Exzenter- oder Kurbel ausgestaltet ist und ein exzentrisch oder im Abstand zu der Drehachse der Betätigungswelle angeordnetes Schwenklager aufweist, an dem der Riegelhaken schwenkbeweglich gelagert ist. Dabei kann die Anordnung beispielsweise so getroffen sein, dass das Schwenklager an einem drehfest mit der Betätigungswelle verbundenen Kurbelarm angeordnet ist. In besonders vorteilhafter Weiterbildung dieser Konstruktion befindet sich der Kurbelarm in der Verriegelungsstellung in einer Lage, in der die Betätigungswelle sich zwischen der Hakenachse des Schwenklagers und dem Kontaktbereich zwischen dem Zuhalteelement und der Sperrklinkenfläche befindet, wobei der Kurbelarm vorzugsweise in der Verriegelungsstellung ein Stück weit über eine durch eine Verbindungsgerade zwischen dem Kontaktbereich und der Drehachse der Betätigungswelle definierten Totpunktstellung verschwenkt ist. Durch eine derartige Übertotpunktlage des Getriebes, das von dem an der Betätigungswelle angeordneten Kurbelarm und dem daran am Schwenklager schwenkbar angelenkten Verriegelungshaken gebildet wird, ist ein unbeabsichtigtes Öffnen des Klappenverschlusses beispielsweise während der Fahrt des Wagens auch ohne zusätzliche mechanische Sicherung ausgeschlossen.In known manner, the locking hook can be connected to a rotatably mounted actuating shaft, wherein the arrangement is preferably made so that the actuating shaft is designed as eccentric or crank and has an eccentric or spaced from the axis of rotation of the actuating shaft pivot bearing on the latch hook is pivotally mounted. In this case, the arrangement can be made, for example, so that the pivot bearing is arranged on a rotatably connected to the actuating shaft crank arm. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of this construction, the crank arm is in the locking position in a position in which the actuating shaft is located between the hook axis of the pivot bearing and the contact area between the tumbler and the pawl surface, wherein the crank arm preferably in the locked position a piece over a is defined by a connecting line between the contact region and the axis of rotation of the actuating shaft dead center position is pivoted. By such Übertotpunktlage of the transmission, which is formed by the arranged on the actuating shaft crank arm and pivotally hinged thereto on the pivot bearing locking hook, unintentional opening of the flap closure, for example, while driving the car is excluded even without additional mechanical security.

Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Riegelhaken entgegen der Wirkung einer Zuhaltefeder schwenkbeweglich ist. Die Zuhaltefeder bewirkt beim Öffnen der Verriegelung, dass der Riegelhaken sich zunächst noch an die freie Kante der Verschlussklappe anlegt und somit zunächst eine im Wesentlichen translatorische Bewegung ausführt, bevor die Getriebegeometrie ihn in die Dreh-Schwenkbewegung zum Erreichen der Freigabestellung zwingt. Bei entgegengesetzter Betätigung des Verriegelmechanismus bewirkt die Zuhaltefeder, dass sich der Riegelhaken mit seiner Sperrklinkenfläche zunächst in leichtem Abstand von dem Zuhalteelement gegen die Kante der Verschlussklappe anlegt, bevor er wiederum in translatorischer Bewegung gegen das Zuhalteelement gezogen wird und die Klappe hierdurch verriegelt.It is advantageous if the locking hook against the action of a locking spring is pivotally movable. The tumbler spring causes when opening the latch that the latch hook initially still applies to the free edge of the flap and thus initially performs a substantially translational movement before the gear geometry forces him into the rotary pivoting movement to reach the release position. In the case of opposite actuation of the locking mechanism, the locking spring causes the locking hook, with its pawl surface, to be initially slightly spaced from the locking element against the edge of the flap applies before it is again pulled in translational movement against the locking element and the flap thereby locked.

Eine konstruktiv vorteilhafte Gestaltung ergibt sich, wenn der Riegelhaken einen Durchlass für die Betätigungswelle aufweist, womit auf besonders einfache Weise auch mehrere Riegelhaken von derselben Betätigungswelle bewegt werden können und zugleich die Verriegelungsanordnung auf kleinstmöglichem Raum untergebracht werden kann. Ganz besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Durchlass eine Öffnungsweite hat, die größer als der Durchmesser der Betätigungswelle ist und wenn die Randflächen des Durchlasses Anschlagflächen für die Betätigungswellen bilden. Die Anordnung ist dann so, dass die Kurbelbewegung des Kurbelarms oder Exzenters der Betätigungswelle in eine zumindest weitgehend reine Translationsbewegung des Riegelhakens umgesetzt wird, solange die Betätigungswelle keine der Randflächen des Durchlasses im Riegelhaken tangiert. Sobald jedoch die Betätigungswelle in Kontakt mit einer der Randflächen des Durchlasses kommt, wird das Kurbelgetriebe blockiert oder eingefroren und die Drehbewegung der Betätigungswelle unmittelbar in eine Dreh-Schwenkbewegung des Riegelhakens umgesetzt.A structurally advantageous design results when the locking hook has a passage for the actuating shaft, which in a particularly simple manner, a plurality of locking hooks can be moved by the same actuating shaft and at the same time the locking arrangement can be accommodated in the smallest possible space. It is particularly advantageous if the passage has an opening width which is greater than the diameter of the actuating shaft and if the edge surfaces of the passage form stop faces for the actuating shafts. The arrangement is then such that the crank movement of the crank arm or eccentric of the actuating shaft is converted into an at least largely pure translational movement of the locking hook, as long as the actuating shaft does not affect any of the edge surfaces of the passage in the locking hook. However, as soon as the actuating shaft comes into contact with one of the peripheral surfaces of the passage, the crank gear is blocked or frozen and the rotational movement of the actuating shaft is converted directly into a rotational pivoting movement of the locking hook.

Die Betätigungswelle kann mittels eines zylinderbeaufschlagten, radial von der Betätigungswelle abstehenden Betätigungshebels drehbar sein, wobei als Antriebszylinder wegen der von der Lokomotive ohnehin zur Verfügung gestellten Druckluft vorzugsweise ein Pneumatikzylinder zum Einsatz kommt. Alternativ kann natürlich auch ein hydraulischer Zylinder zum Einsatz kommen oder auch ein elektrischer Antrieb, der beispielsweise über eine Getriebestufe auf die Betätigungswelle einwirkt. Wie bereits angedeutet, ist es möglich, mehrere Riegelhaken an einer gemeinsamen Betätigungswelle anzuschließen und hierdurch auch Verschlussklappen großer Länge mit einem Antrieb ver- und entriegeln zu können.The actuating shaft may be rotatable by means of a cylinder-loaded, radially projecting from the actuating shaft operating lever, wherein as a drive cylinder is preferably because of the locomotive provided by the available compressed air, a pneumatic cylinder is used. Alternatively, of course, a hydraulic cylinder can be used or an electric drive, which acts, for example via a gear stage on the actuating shaft. As already indicated, it is possible to connect a plurality of locking hooks on a common actuating shaft and thereby also locking flaps of great length with a drive locked and unlocked can.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und der Zeichnung, worin eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung anhand eines Beispiels näher erläutert wird. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen erfindungsgemäßen Klappenverschluss eines Sattelboden-Selbstentladegüterwagens in Vorderansicht und teilweise im Schnitt;
Fig. 2a-e
verschiedene Stellungen des Riegelhakens des Klappenverschlusses nach Fig. 1 zur Illustration des Entriegelungsvorgangs.
Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the drawing, wherein a preferred embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail by way of example. It shows:
Fig. 1
a flap closure according to the invention of a saddle-bottom Selbstentladegüterwagen in front view and partly in section;
Fig. 2a-e
different positions of the latch hook of the flap closure after Fig. 1 to illustrate the unlocking process.

Der in Fig. 1 in seiner Gesamtheit mit 10 bezeichnete Klappenverschluss dient zur Verriegelung einer Entladeklappe 12 eines Eisenbahn-Schüttgutwagens mit Schwerkraftentleerung, bei dem nach Öffnen der Verschlussklappe 12 das im Wagen aufgenommene, nicht dargestellte Schüttgut über einen sattelförmigen Boden 13 abrutscht und durch den sich am unteren Ende des Bodens zwischen diesem und der geöffneten Verschlussklappe auftuenden Spalt nach außen gelangt.The in Fig. 1 in its entirety with 10 designated flap closure is used to lock an unloading flap 12 of a railroad bulk freight cars with gravity discharge, in which after opening the flap 12, the recorded in the car, not shown bulk material slips over a saddle-shaped bottom 13 and through which at the lower end of the bottom between this and the open flap auftuenden gap comes to the outside.

Zum Öffnen der Verschlussklappe sind an deren vorderen und hinteren Ende Betätigungsvorrichtungen beispielsweise in Form eines Scheren- oder Lenkerstankenantriebs vorgesehen, mit deren Hilfe die Klappe aus ihrer Schließlage in die geöffnete Stellung verschwenkt werden können. Diese in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellten Betätigungsvorrichtungen sind bekannt und sollen hier nicht weiter beschrieben werden.To open the flap actuators, for example in the form of a scissor or handlebar stem drive are provided at the front and rear end, by means of which the flap can be pivoted from its closed position to the open position. These actuators, not shown in the drawing are known and will not be described further here.

Zur Verriegelung der Verschlussklappe in ihrer Schließlage beispielsweise während der Fahrt des Schüttgutwagens weist der Klappenverschluss 10 mehrere beabstandet zur Klappenachse 14 an der Unterseite 15 der Verschlussklappe 12 angeordnete Zuhalteelemente 16 und eine entsprechende Anzahl Riegelhaken 17 auf, die am Fahrzeuggestell 18 drehschwenkbeweglich angeordnet sind. In der in den Fig. 1 und 2a dargestellten Verriegelungsstellung der Riegelhaken 17 greifen diese mit einer Sperrklinkenfläche 19 ihres im Abstand von der Hakenachse 20 liegenden, vorderen Haltenockens 21 an dem nach unten ragenden Angriffsflansch 22 des zugehörigen Zuhalteelements 16 an und verhindern so ein unbeabsichtigtes Öffnen der Verschlussklappe 12. In einer gegenüber der Verriegelungsstellung verschwenkten Freigabestellung (Fig. 2e) sind die Riegelhaken 17 außer Eingriff mit den Zuhalteelementen 16, so dass die (nicht dargestellten) Betätigungsvorrichtungen für die Klappe diese in ihre offene Stellung zum Entladen des Schüttgutes verschwenken können.For locking the closure flap in its closed position, for example, during the journey of the bulk goods wagon, the flap closure 10 has a plurality of spaced apart from the flap axis 14 on the underside 15 of the closure flap 12 arranged Zuhalteelemente 16 and a corresponding number of locking hooks 17, which are arranged drehschwenkbeweglich on the vehicle frame 18. In the in the Fig. 1 and 2a illustrated locking position of the latch hooks 17 engage with a pawl surface 19 of their lying at a distance from the hook axis 20, front retaining cam 21 on the downwardly projecting engagement flange 22 of the associated locking member 16 and thus prevent inadvertent opening of the closure flap 12. In a relation to the locking position pivoted release position ( Fig. 2e ) the latch hooks 17 are disengaged from the tumblers 16 so that the actuators (not shown) for the flap can pivot them to their open position for unloading the bulk material.

Im beladenen Zustand des Schüttgutwagens drückt das im Laderaum aufgenommene Schüttgut die Verschlussklappe mit hoher Kraft nach außen, so dass die zwischen den Sperrklinkenflächen der Riegelhaken und den Angriffsflanschen der zugehörigen Zuhalteelemente wirksamen Flächenpressungen sehr hoch sind und es beim Öffnen der Riegelhaken in einer reinen Schwenkbewegung senkrecht zur Öffnungsrichtung 23 der Verschlussklappe zu starkem Verschleiß kommen würde. Um diesem Problem zu begegnen, sind die Riegelhaken zwischen ihrer Verriegelungsstellung (Fig. 1) und ihrer Freigabestellung (Fig. 2e) quer zur Klappenachse 14 translatorisch in Öffnungsrichtung 23 der Verschlussklappe 12 angeordnet. Die Anordnung ist dabei so getroffen, dass jeder Riegelhaken an seinem hinteren Ende 24 schwenkbeweglich an einem Kurbelzapfen 25 eines Kurbelarms 26 gelagert ist, der wiederum drehfest mit einer gemeinsamen Betätigungswelle 27 verbunden ist, die im Fahrzeugrahmen drehbar gelagert ist. Die Länge der Betätigungswelle ist dabei mindestens so groß wie der Abstand zwischen dem am weitesten voneinander entfernt liegenden Riegelhaken. Die Betätigungswelle wird über einen von einem Pneumatikzylinder (nicht dargestellt) beaufschlagten Hebelarm verschwenkt, um die Klappe zu ent- oder zu verriegeln. Alternativ sind hydraulisch oder elektrisch betätigte Verriegelungen möglich.In the loaded state of the bulk goods carriage, the bulk material received in the hold presses the closure flap with high force outwards, so that the effective between the pawl surfaces of the locking hooks and the attack flanges of the associated locking elements surface pressures are very high and it when opening the locking hooks in a pure pivotal movement perpendicular to Opening direction 23 of the flap would come to heavy wear. To counteract this problem, the locking hooks between their locking position ( Fig. 1 ) and their release order ( Fig. 2e ) arranged transversely to the flap axis 14 translationally in the opening direction 23 of the closure flap 12. The arrangement is made such that each latch hook is pivotally mounted at its rear end 24 on a crank pin 25 of a crank arm 26, which in turn is rotatably connected to a common actuating shaft 27 which is rotatably mounted in the vehicle frame. The length of the actuating shaft is at least as large as the distance between the furthest remote latch hooks. The actuating shaft is pivoted (not shown) acted upon by a pneumatic cylinder lever arm to unlock or lock the flap. Alternatively, hydraulically or electrically operated locks are possible.

Man erkennt aus der Zeichnung, dass die Riegelhaken einen fensterartigen Durchlass 28 für die Betätigungswelle 27 aufweisen, wobei der Durchlass 28 eine Öffnungsweite 29 hat, die größer als der Durchmesser D der Betätigungswelle ist. Dabei bilden die Randflächen 30, 31 des fensterartigen Durchlasses 28 Anschlagflächen für die Betätigungswelle 27, wie dies nachfolgend noch im Detail beschrieben wird.It can be seen from the drawing that the locking hooks have a window-like passage 28 for the actuating shaft 27, wherein the passage 28 has an opening width 29 which is greater than the diameter D of the actuating shaft. The edge surfaces 30, 31 of the window-like passage 28 form stop surfaces for the actuating shaft 27, as will be described in detail below.

Zwischen den Riegelhaken 17 und dem Fahrzeuggestell 18 greifen unter Vorspannung stehende Schraubenzugfedern als Zuhaltefedern 32 an.Between the locking hooks 17 and the vehicle frame 18 engage under biased Schraubenzugfedern as locking springs 32.

Die Ver- und Entriegelung mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Klappenverschluss funktioniert wie folgt:The locking and unlocking with the flap closure according to the invention works as follows:

In der in den Fig. 1 und 2a dargestellten Verriegelungsstellung befinden sich die an der Betätigungswelle fest angeschlossenen Kurbelarme 26 in einer Lage, in der sich die Betätigungswelle 27 zwischen der Hakenachse 20 des vom Kurbelzapfen 25 gebildeten Schwenklagers und dem Kontaktbereich 33 zwischen dem Angriffsflansch des Zuhalteelements 16 und der Sperrklinkenfläche 19 des Riegelhakens 17 befindet. Die Anordnung ist dabei so, dass der Kurbelarm 26 in der Verriegelungsstellung ein Stück weit über eine durch eine Verbindungsgerade zwischen dem Kontaktbereich 33 und der Drehachse der Betätigungswelle 27 definierte Totpunktstellung verschwenkt ist, d.h. der Kurbelarm befindet sich in sogenannter Übertotpunktlage, was in Fig. 1 bei 34 erkennbar ist. In dieser Verriegelungsstellung liegt die Betätigungswelle 27 an der oberen Randfläche 30 des fensterartigen Durchlasses 28 im Riegelhaken an. Zum Öffnen der Verriegelung wird nun die Betätigungswelle im Uhrzeigersinn gedreht, so dass die Kurbelarme sich aus ihrer in Fig. 1 dargestellten Übertotpunktlage nach oben über den Totpunkt verstellen und dann weiter auf ihrer Kreisbahn um die Achse der Betätigungswelle bewegen. Infolge der Kreisbahnbewegung der Kurbelzapfen 25 führen die Riegelhaken 17 eine translatorische Bewegung in der Figur nach rechts aus, wobei sie jedoch zunächst nicht nach unten verschwenken können, da sie von den Zuhaltefedern zunächst an einem Abklappen nach unten gehindert werden. Die translatorische Bewegung der Riegelhaken nach außen wird überlagert von einer Schwenkbewegung des hinteren Endes 24 der Riegelhaken nach oben, so dass sich der die Betätigungswelle umgebende fensterartige Durchlass 28 gleichfalls nach oben bewegt. Die Betätigungswelle verliert ihren Kontakt mit der oberen Randfläche 30 (Fig. 2b) und kommt bei der weiteren Schwenkbewegung in Kontakt mit der unteren Randfläche 31 des Durchlasses (Fig. 2c), was zur Folge hat, dass das das von Kurbelarm, Kurbelzapfen und Riegelhaken gebildete Kurbelgetriebe einfriert und beim weiteren Drehen der Betätigungswelle die Riegelhaken eine reine Drehschwenkbewegung um die Achse der Betätigungswelle ausführen (Fig. 4d). Zu diesem Zeitpunkt jedoch hat sich die Sperrklinkenfläche 19 des Riegelhakens durch die zuvor stattfindende translatorische Bewegung bereits soweit von dem Angriffsflansch 22 des Zuhalteelements 16 abgehoben, dass bei der sich anschließenden Drehschwenkbewegung des Hakens die die Verriegelung bewirkenden Teile des Klappenverschlusses nicht mehr in Kontakt miteinander sind und ein Verschleiß zwischen Zuhalteelement und Sperrklinkenfläche der Riegelhaken nicht oder nicht in nennenswertem Umfang auftritt.In the in the Fig. 1 and 2a illustrated locking position are firmly connected to the actuating shaft crank arms 26 in a position in which the actuating shaft 27 between the hook axis 20 of the pivot pin formed by the crank pin 25 and the contact portion 33 between the engagement flange of the locking member 16 and the pawl surface 19 of the locking hook 17 is , The arrangement is such that the crank arm 26 is pivoted in the locked position a little way over a defined by a connecting line between the contact portion 33 and the axis of rotation of the actuating shaft 27 dead center, ie the crank arm is in so-called over-center position, which in Fig. 1 at 34 is recognizable. In this locking position, the actuating shaft 27 bears against the upper edge surface 30 of the window-like passage 28 in the locking hook. To open the lock, the actuating shaft is now rotated clockwise, so that the crank arms from their in Fig. 1 Adjust shown Übertotpunktlage up over the dead center and then move on their orbit around the axis of the actuating shaft. As a result of the circular path movement of the crank pin 25, the locking hooks 17 perform a translational movement in the figure to the right, but they can not initially pivot down, as they are from the Catch springs are initially prevented from folding down. The translational movement of the locking hooks outwards is superimposed by a pivoting movement of the rear end 24 of the locking hooks upwards, so that the window-like passage 28 surrounding the actuating shaft likewise moves upwards. The actuating shaft loses its contact with the upper edge surface 30 (FIG. Fig. 2b ) and comes in the further pivotal movement in contact with the lower edge surface 31 of the passage ( Fig. 2c ), which has the consequence that the crank mechanism formed by the crank arm, crank pin and locking hook freezes and on further rotation of the actuating shaft, the locking hooks perform a pure pivotal pivoting movement about the axis of the actuating shaft (Fig. 4d). At this time, however, the pawl surface 19 of the locking hook has already lifted so far from the attack flange 22 of the locking member 16 by the previously occurring translational movement that during the subsequent pivotal pivoting movement of the hook, the locking effecting parts of the flap closure are no longer in contact with each other and Wear between the locking element and pawl surface of the locking hooks does not occur or does not occur to any appreciable extent.

Bei weiterer Drehung der Betätigungswelle schwenkt der Kurbelzapfen 25 soweit über die Kraftangriffsrichtung der Zugfeder hinaus, dass es aufgrund der Federkraft zu einem Überschlag kommt, d.h. die Betätigungswelle 27 plötzlich ihren Kontakt mit der unteren Randfläche 31 verliert und der Haken von der Feder um den Kurbelzapfen 25 weiter nach innen geschwenkt wird, bis die obere Randfläche 30 der Fensteröffnung 28 an der Betätigungswelle ablegt (Fig. 2e). In dieser Stellung des Riegelhakens ist dieser soweit unter den Sattelboden des Schüttgutwagens zurückgezogen, dass er nicht im aus dem Wagen herausrutschenden Schüttgutstrom liegt, wenn die Verschlussklappe des Wagens geöffnet wird.Upon further rotation of the actuating shaft pivots the crank pin 25 so far beyond the force application direction of the tension spring, that it comes to a rollover due to the spring force, ie the actuating shaft 27 suddenly loses contact with the lower edge surface 31 and the hook of the spring around the crank pin 25th is further pivoted inwards until the upper edge surface 30 of the window opening 28 drops on the actuating shaft ( Fig. 2e ). In this position of the latch hook that is retracted so far under the saddle floor of the bulk carriage, that he is not in the out of the car slip out of bulk material flow when the flap of the car is opened.

Das Verriegeln der Verschlussklappe erfolgt in einem entsprechend gegenläufigen Bewegungsablauf durch Zurückdrehen der Betätigungswelle 27, in der Zeichnung also entgegen der Uhrzeigerrichtung, ausgehend aus der Freigabestellung gemäß Fig. 2e in die Verriegelungsstellung gemäß Fig. 2a. Bei dem Verriegeln führt der Riegelhaken zunächst eine Drehschwenkbewegung durch, bis sich die Sperrklinkenfläche 19 an seinem Haltenocken 21 in Höhe des Angriffsflansches 22 des Zuhalteelements 16 befindet, wobei die Zuhaltefeder sicherstellt, dass der Riegelhaken bei der anschließenden translatorischen Bewegung nicht (wieder) nach unten verschwenken kann.The locking of the flap takes place in a correspondingly opposite movement by turning back the actuating shaft 27, in the drawing so counterclockwise, starting from the release position according to Fig. 2e in the locking position according to Fig. 2a , During locking, the locking hook initially performs a rotary pivoting movement until the pawl surface 19 is located on its retaining cam 21 at the level of the engagement flange 22 of the locking element 16, wherein the locking spring ensures that the locking hook does not (down) pivot downwards during the subsequent translatory movement can.

Um die die Verriegelung sichernde Übertotpunktlage (Fig. 1) bei zugleich hoher Dichtigkeit des Klappenverschlusses zu erreichen, ist bei der dargestellten, bevorzugten Ausführungsform zwischen der Verschlussklappe und dem sattelförmigen Boden ein elastisches Andruckelement 35, beispielsweise eine sich über die Länge der Verschlussklappe an dieser angeordnete, elastische Dichtleiste vorgesehen. Zwingend erforderlich ist ein derartiges elastisches Andruckelement gleichwohl nicht, denn die Übertotpunktlage der Klappenverriegelung lässt sich natürlich auch aufgrund der dem Sattelboden und/oder der Verschlussklappe innewohnenden Elastizität erreichen. Das Andruckelement erhöht also vornehmlich die Dichtheit der Entladeklappen.To the over-locking position ( Fig. 1 ) to achieve at the same time high tightness of the flap closure, in the illustrated preferred embodiment between the flap and the saddle-shaped bottom an elastic pressure element 35, for example, over the length of the flap arranged on this, elastic sealing strip provided. However, such an elastic pressure element is not absolutely necessary, because the over-center position of the flap lock can of course also be achieved due to the elasticity inherent in the saddle bottom and / or the closure flap. Thus, the pressure element increases primarily the tightness of the unloading flaps.

Claims (12)

Klappenverschluss, insbesondere für eine Entladeklappe eines Schüttgutwagens, mit einer um eine Klappenachse (14) verschwenkbar angeordneten Verschlussklappe (12) mit mindestens einem beabstandet zur Klappenachse (14) angeordneten Zuhalteelement (16) und mit mindestens einem um eine Hakenachse (20) drehschwenkbeweglich angeordneten Riegelhaken (17), der in einer Verriegelungsstellung mit einer Sperrklinkenfläche (19) am Zuhalteelement (16) angreift und in einer gegenüber der Verriegelungsstellung verschwenkten Freigabestellung außer Eingriff mit dem Zuhalteelement (16) ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Riegelhaken (17) zwischen seiner Verriegelungsstellung und seiner Freigabestellung quer zur Klappenachse (14) translatorisch in Öffnungsrichtung (23) der Verschlussklappe (12) angeordnet ist.Flap closure, in particular for an unloading flap of a bulk goods wagon, with a closure flap (12) pivotable about a flap axis (12) with at least one retaining element (16) spaced apart from the flap axis (14) and with at least one latch hook pivotably mounted about a hook axis (20) (17) which engages in a locking position with a pawl surface (19) on the locking element (16) and in a pivoted against the locking position release position out of engagement with the locking element (16), characterized in that the locking hook (17) between its locking position and its release position is arranged transversely to the flap axis (14) translationally in the opening direction (23) of the closure flap (12). Klappenverschluss nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Riegelhaken (17) an einer drehbar gelagerten Betätigungswelle (27) angeschlossen ist.Flap closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking hook (17) is connected to a rotatably mounted actuating shaft (27). Klappenverschluss nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betätigungswelle (27) als Exzenter- oder Kurkelwelle ausgestaltet ist und ein exzentrisch oder im Abstand zu der Drehachse (20) der Betätigungswelle (27) angeordnetes Schwenklager (25) aufweist, an dem der Riegelhaken (17) schwenkbeweglich gelagert ist.Flap closure according to claim 2, characterized in that the actuating shaft (27) is designed as an eccentric or camshaft and an eccentrically or at a distance from the axis of rotation (20) of the actuating shaft (27) arranged pivot bearing (25) on which the latch hook ( 17) is mounted pivotably. Klappenverschluss nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schwenklager (25) an einem drehfest mit der Betätigungswelle (27) verbundenen Kurbelarm (26) angeordnet ist.Flap closure according to claim 3, characterized in that the pivot bearing (25) on a rotationally fixed to the actuating shaft (27) connected to the crank arm (26) is arranged. Klappenverschluss nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Kurbelarm (26) in der Verriegelungsstellung in einer Lage befindet, in der die Betätigungswelle (27) sich zwischen der Achse des Schwenklagers (25) und dem Kontaktbereich (33) zwischen dem Zuhalteelement (16) und der Sperrklinkenfläche (19) befindet.Flap closure according to claim 4, characterized in that , in the locking position, the crank arm (26) is in a position in which the actuating shaft (27) extends between the axis of the pivot bearing (25) and the contact region (33). between the locking element (16) and the pawl surface (19). Klappenverschluss nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kurbelarm (26) in der Verriegelungsstellung ein Stück weit über eine durch eine Verbindungsgerade zwischen dem Kontaktbereich (33) und der Drehachse (20) der Betätigungswelle (27) definierte Totpunktstellung verschwenkt ist.Flap closure according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the crank arm (26) is pivoted in the locking position a little way over a dead line position defined by a connecting line between the contact region (33) and the axis of rotation (20) of the actuating shaft (27). Klappenverschluss nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch ein zwischen der Verschlussklappe (12) und einer Lade- und/oder Schüttfläche (13) angeordnetes elastisches Andruckelement (35).Flap closure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by an elastic pressure element (35) arranged between the closure flap (12) and a loading and / or pouring surface (13). Klappenverschluss nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Riegelhaken (17) entgegen der Wirkung einer Zuhaltefeder (32) schwenkbeweglich ist.Flap closure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the locking hook (17) against the action of a locking spring (32) is pivotally movable. Klappenverschluss nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Riegelhaken (17) einen Durchlass (28) für die Betätigungswelle (27) aufweist.Flap closure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the locking hook (17) has a passage (28) for the actuating shaft (27). Klappenverschluss nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchlass (28) eine Öffnungsweite (29) hat, die größer als der Durchmesser (D) der Betätigungswelle (27) ist, und dass die Randflächen (30, 31) des Durchlasses (28) Anschlagflächen für die Betätigungswelle (27) bilden.Flap closure according to claim 9, characterized in that the passage (28) has an opening width (29) which is greater than the diameter (D) of the actuating shaft (27), and that the edge surfaces (30, 31) of the passage (28). Form stop surfaces for the actuating shaft (27). Klappenverschluss nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betätigungswelle (27) mittels eines zylinderbeaufschlagten, radial von der Betätigungswelle abstehenden Betätigungshebels drehbar ist.Flap closure according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the actuating shaft (27) by means of a cylinder-loaded, radially projecting from the actuating shaft actuating lever is rotatable. Klappenverschluss nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Riegelhaken (17) an einer gemeinsamen Betätigungswelle (27) angeschlossen sind.Flap closure according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a plurality of locking hooks (17) are connected to a common actuating shaft (27).
EP09175900A 2008-12-11 2009-11-13 Flap lock Active EP2196373B1 (en)

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PL09175900T PL2196373T3 (en) 2008-12-11 2009-11-13 Flap lock

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DE102008061294A DE102008061294A1 (en) 2008-12-11 2008-12-11 flap closure

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AT (1) ATE555961T1 (en)
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HR (1) HRP20120415T1 (en)
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1669133A (en) * 1923-01-24 1928-05-08 Byers W Kadel Car-door arrangement
US3139042A (en) * 1959-08-14 1964-06-30 Unitcast Corp Hopper door locking mechanism
US4051960A (en) * 1976-10-26 1977-10-04 Pullman Incorporated Locking end actuating mechanism for railway hopper car doors
BE894983A (en) * 1982-10-22 1983-03-01 Otner Freight Car Cy CONTROL AND LOCKING ELEMENT FOR THE DOORS OF A HOPPER OF A RAILWAY WAGON WITH A HOPPER
EP0138643A1 (en) * 1983-09-14 1985-04-24 Arbel Industrie S.A. Control device for railway hopper car trapdoors, hoppers fitted therewith
AU649883B2 (en) * 1991-10-15 1994-06-02 Downer Edi Rail Pty Ltd System for discharge of bulk materials from vehicles

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1745233U (en) * 1957-03-21 1957-05-23 Stahlwerke Brueninghaus G M B SIDE DISCHARGE WITH FLAP THAT SWING OUT FREELY AFTER A DETERMINED OPENING PATH.

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1669133A (en) * 1923-01-24 1928-05-08 Byers W Kadel Car-door arrangement
US3139042A (en) * 1959-08-14 1964-06-30 Unitcast Corp Hopper door locking mechanism
US4051960A (en) * 1976-10-26 1977-10-04 Pullman Incorporated Locking end actuating mechanism for railway hopper car doors
BE894983A (en) * 1982-10-22 1983-03-01 Otner Freight Car Cy CONTROL AND LOCKING ELEMENT FOR THE DOORS OF A HOPPER OF A RAILWAY WAGON WITH A HOPPER
EP0138643A1 (en) * 1983-09-14 1985-04-24 Arbel Industrie S.A. Control device for railway hopper car trapdoors, hoppers fitted therewith
AU649883B2 (en) * 1991-10-15 1994-06-02 Downer Edi Rail Pty Ltd System for discharge of bulk materials from vehicles

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PL2196373T3 (en) 2012-08-31
HRP20120415T1 (en) 2012-06-30
RS52342B (en) 2012-12-31
EP2196373B1 (en) 2012-05-02
ATE555961T1 (en) 2012-05-15
DE102008061294A1 (en) 2010-06-17

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