EP2189855B1 - Tourbillon mechanism - Google Patents
Tourbillon mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- EP2189855B1 EP2189855B1 EP20080169552 EP08169552A EP2189855B1 EP 2189855 B1 EP2189855 B1 EP 2189855B1 EP 20080169552 EP20080169552 EP 20080169552 EP 08169552 A EP08169552 A EP 08169552A EP 2189855 B1 EP2189855 B1 EP 2189855B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- balance
- bridge
- radius
- cage
- bridges
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000703 anti-shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010054197 Gait deviation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
- G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels
Definitions
- the tourbillon is a rotating regulating system well known to those skilled in the art. It is known that, when the escapement of a mechanical watch is in a vertical position, the inevitable imbalances of the balance and spiral generated by the earth's gravitation cause gait deviations. The purpose of the vortex is to compensate for these variations by making the balance-sprung, in the case of a vortex with a single axis, all the vertical positions.
- a vortex is usually composed of a rocker and an escapement mechanism that includes an escape wheel and, in the case of an anchor escapement, an anchor. These elements are mounted in a rotating cage suspended between two pivot points, which may be located on the plate and the bridge bar or on the cage bridge and the bridge bar.
- the cage functions as the second mobile. It carries, on its axis, a pinion of second and is driven by the average wheel.
- Inside the cage the role of the exhaust is conventional. The force is transmitted from an exhaust pinion coaxial with the escape wheel, this pinion meshing, in the manner of a satellite, with a fixed second wheel, solidary of the plate.
- the axis of the balance must be perfectly coaxial with that of the cage.
- This cage traditionally comprises at least one lower bridge and an upper bridge between which is mounted the balance.
- the lower and upper decks are assembled by means of pillars arranged outside the beam of the beam so as not to interfere with its oscillations, generally according to an amplitude of 220 °.
- Such an example of vorticity is for example described in the application WO 2004/006025 which shows that the balance is arranged inside the pillars of the cage.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to overcome this disadvantage, by proposing a vortex mechanism of original construction and to increase the energy available for the pendulum without impairing the accuracy of a movement comprising such a vortex mechanism. Disclosure of the invention
- a tourbillon or carousel mechanism as described in the preamble, wherein at least one of said connecting means is arranged, with respect to the axis AA, to a distance less than the radius R of the balance.
- the dimensions of the cage are reduced but without affecting the precision of the movement.
- the cage being smaller, it requires less energy, and the energy available to power the pendulum is then increased, which increases its accuracy.
- all the connecting means connecting the lower and upper bridges may be arranged relative to the axis AA at a distance less than the radius R of the beam.
- the balance has an axis of rotation coaxial with the axis AA of the cage.
- the upper bridge may comprise at least one connecting arm and the lower bridge may comprise at least one first arm, link, said connecting arms being arranged opposite one another to receive said connecting means and having a length less than the radius R of the beam.
- the upper bridge comprises a single link arm.
- the cage may comprise an intermediate bridge interposed between the lower bridge and the upper bridge, said intermediate bridge comprising at least a first connecting arm, arranged to be traversed by at least one of the connecting means. connecting the upper and lower bridges, said first arm of the intermediate bridge having a length less than the radius R of the beam.
- the lower and intermediate bridges may respectively comprise, facing one another, a second arm arranged to receive means for pivoting the escape wheel, said second arms having a length less than the radius R of the balance.
- the lower and intermediate bridges may respectively comprise, facing one another, a third arm arranged to receive pivoting means of the anchor, said third arm having a length less than the radius R of the beam.
- the connecting means of the lower and upper bridges can be pillars.
- the balance may comprise an annular serge of radius R and a single arm connecting the axis of the balance to the serge.
- all the bridges of the cage comprise arms of shorter length than the radius R of the balance so that the cage fits inside the strut of the balance.
- a vortex is a rotating regulating system, in which a rocker 1, associated with a spiral spring 2, and an escapement mechanism comprising an escape wheel 3, are mounted in a cage 4 pivoted on a fixed element of a watch movement.
- the escapement also comprises an anchor 5, cooperating with the balance 1 and with the escape wheel 3 by pallets 6.
- the rocker 1 comprises an annular serge 7, of inner radius R with respect to the axis 8 of the rocker 1.
- the radius R is defined as being the closest distance between the inner face of the serge and the pivot axis AA of the cage 4.
- the expression "the radius R of the balance” corresponds to these two definitions.
- the balance 1 comprises a single arm 9 connecting the axis 8 of the balance 7 to the serge 7. This optimizes the inertia by reducing the influence of the arm.
- the cage 4 comprises an upper bridge 10 and a lower bridge 12.
- An intermediate bridge 14 is interposed between the upper bridge 10 and the lower bridge 12.
- these bridges Preferably, these bridges have the same thickness. This embodiment is particularly effective for obtaining a rigid and precise assembly.
- the upper bridge 10 comprises a single linkage arm 15, and the lower 12 and intermediate 14 bridges also comprise connecting arms 16 and 17 respectively, said linkage arms 15, 16 and 17 being arranged facing each other. each other, and connected by two pillars 18, 19 arranged, with respect to the axis AA, at a distance less than the radius R of the balance 1. More specifically, the pillar 18 secures the connecting arms 15 and 16 of the bridges upper and lower 12, and the pillar 19 through the link arm 17 of the intermediate bridge 14 to secure the three link arms 15, 16 and 17. In addition, the lower bridges 12 and intermediate 14 are secured by pillars 21 The pillars 18, 19 and 21 are fixed to the bridges by means of screws 20.
- the lower bridges 12 and intermediate 14 respectively comprise, facing one another, a second arm 24 and 25 respectively, arranged to receive pivoting means 26 of the escape wheel 3 said second arms 24 and 25 having a length less than the radius R of the balance 1.
- These pivoting means 26 may be stones or other types of bearings housed in the arms 24 and 25 of the bridges 12 and 14, and with which cooperate pivots which is provided with the wheel exhaust 3.
- the lower bridges 12 and intermediate 14 respectively have, facing one another, a third arm 28 and 29 respectively, arranged to receive pivoting means 30 of the anchor 5, said third arms 28 and 29 having a length less than the radius R of the balance 1.
- These pivoting means 30 may be stones or other types of bearings housed in the arms 28 and 29 of the bridges 12 and 14, and with which cooperate pivots which is provided with the anchor 5.
- all the connecting arms 15, 16 and 17 have a length less than the radius R of the balance 1, but also the other arms 24, 25, 28 and 29 of the lower bridges 12 and intermediate 14, so that the cage 4 and the exhaust are inscribed inside the serge 7 of the balance 1.
- the lower bridges 12 and upper 10 each comprise pivots 32 of the cage directed towards the outside of the cage.
- These pivots 32 are conventional and are intended to cooperate with stones housed in a frame that includes a movement in which the vortex takes place. They are arranged along the AA axis.
- the rocker 1 carries a double-plate 34 provided with an ankle 35 for its operation in the exhaust. It is mounted between the upper and lower bridges 12, on an axis 8 passing through the intermediate bridge 14. The latter has an opening adapted to allow free passage of the axis 8 of the balance 1.
- the balance spring is mounted on a first side intermediate bridge 14, for example between the upper bridge 10 and the intermediate bridge 14, while the double-plate 34 is mounted on the other side of the intermediate bridge 14, for example between the lower bridge 12 and the intermediate bridge 14.
- the hairspring 2 is fixed to the axis 8 of the balance 1 via a ferrule 36 and to the upper bridge 10 via a pin 37 and a movable pin holder 38.
- the balance can include weights or the upper deck can wear a racket.
- an anti-shock device 40 is disposed at each end of the axis 8 of the balance spring.
- the anti-shock devices 40 are arranged in the lower bridges 12 and upper 10.
- an exhaust gear coaxial with the escape wheel 3 is intended to cooperate with a fixed wheel (not shown) integral with the frame of the movement.
- the cage 4 is integral with a drive pinion 42 intended to be kinematically connected to the work train of the movement.
- the gear dimensions and ratios of the escapement, the fixed wheel with which the exhaust pinion meshes, and the drive gear 42 are determined so that the cage performs one revolution in one minute and thus pivots. like a second wheel.
- a second hand 43 can be driven on the upper deck 10 of the cage 4 to indicate the seconds. It is obvious that the cage can rotate at a different speed, without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the construction of the tourbillon described above provides an extremely light and airy structure.
- the pendulum can oscillate on an arc of 340 ° maximum but its arm must not touch the pillars or other connecting element to not disturb the isosynchrony. It is possible to provide in the movement, at the outlet of the barrel or before the vortex, a constant torque force control system making it possible to better regulate the amplitude of the balance at a value limited to approximately 340 ° constant.
- the loss of precision due to the amplitude of the movement of the pendulum limited by the presence of the cage inside the balance is compensated by the low energy required to drive the cage, the energy available to drive the pendulum then being more important. As a result, the inertia or the speed of the balance can be increased so as to regain precision.
- the inertia of the balance we increase the quality factor.
- I T the inertia of the vortex decreases the losses. Compared to a vortex occupying the same volume, we will have more energy in the balance, and for the same energy available.
- Example 1 relates to a small vortex
- Example 2 relates to a large vortex
- Example 3 a vortex according to the invention
- the present invention facilitates balancing.
- the pendulum being larger than the tourbillon cage, it is the balance of the pendulum which is the most influential. But balancing a pendulum is better controlled than that of a cage.
- the cage is located inside the balance and being smaller, its center of gravity is close to the theoretical axis. Balancing is better and easier to achieve.
- the connecting means may be different from the pillars used in the variant presented.
- the connecting arms of the bridges can be provided in one piece, the material connecting the connecting arms constituting the connecting means. You can also have one piece folded.
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Description
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de l'horlogerie. Elle concerne, plus particulièrement un mécanisme de tourbillon ou de carrousel comprenant
- une cage comportant un pont inférieur et un pont supérieur, lesdits ponts inférieur et supérieur comprenant des moyens de pivotement de la cage selon un axe AA, et étant reliés par des moyens de liaison,
- un balancier de rayon R,
- un mécanisme d'échappement comprenant une roue d'échappement et éventuellement une ancre.
- a cage comprising a lower bridge and an upper bridge, said lower and upper bridges comprising means for pivoting the cage along an axis AA, and being connected by connecting means,
- a beam of radius R,
- an escape mechanism comprising an escape wheel and possibly an anchor.
Le tourbillon est un système réglant tournant bien connu de l'homme du métier. On sait que, lorsque l'échappement d'une montre mécanique se trouve en position verticale, les déséquilibres inévitables du balancier et du spiral engendrés par la gravitation terrestre entraînent des écarts de marche. Le but du tourbillon est de compenser ces variations en faisant prendre au balancier-spiral, dans le cas d'un tourbillon à un seul axe, toutes les positions verticales.The tourbillon is a rotating regulating system well known to those skilled in the art. It is known that, when the escapement of a mechanical watch is in a vertical position, the inevitable imbalances of the balance and spiral generated by the earth's gravitation cause gait deviations. The purpose of the vortex is to compensate for these variations by making the balance-sprung, in the case of a vortex with a single axis, all the vertical positions.
Un tourbillon est composé généralement d'un balancier et d'un mécanisme d'échappement qui comprend une roue d'échappement et, dans le cas d'un échappement à ancre, d'une ancre. Ces éléments sont montés dans une cage tournante suspendue entre deux points de pivotement, qui peuvent être situés sur la platine et le pont de barrette ou sur le pont de cage et le pont de barrette. La cage fonctionne comme le mobile de seconde. Elle porte, sur son axe, un pignon de seconde et est entraînée par la roue moyenne. A l'intérieur de la cage, le rôle de l'échappement est conventionnel. La force est transmise à partir d'un pignon d'échappement coaxial avec la roue d'échappement, ce pignon engrenant, à la manière d'un satellite, avec une roue de seconde fixe, solidaire de la platine. Dans le cas des tourbillons, l'axe du balancier doit être parfaitement coaxial avec celui de la cage. Cette cage comprend traditionnellement au moins un pont inférieur et un pont supérieur entre lesquels est monté le balancier. Les ponts inférieur et supérieur sont assemblés au moyen de piliers disposés à l'extérieur de la serge du balancier pour ne pas nuire à ses oscillations, selon généralement une amplitude de 220°. Un tel exemple de tourbillon est par exemple décrit dans la demande
Le principal inconvénient de ce type de cage est un besoin en énergie important pour entrainer en rotation la cage, du fait de ses dimensions importantes. Il y a alors moins d'énergie disponible pour le balancier, d'où une perte possible de précision.The main disadvantage of this type of cage is a large energy requirement to rotate the cage, because of its large size. There is then less energy available for the pendulum, resulting in a possible loss of precision.
Un but de la présente invention est donc de pallier cet inconvénient, en proposant un mécanisme de tourbillon de construction originale et permettant d'accroître l'énergie disponible pour le balancier sans nuire à la précision d'un mouvement comportant un tel mécanisme de tourbillon. Divulgation de l'inventionAn object of the present invention is therefore to overcome this disadvantage, by proposing a vortex mechanism of original construction and to increase the energy available for the pendulum without impairing the accuracy of a movement comprising such a vortex mechanism. Disclosure of the invention
A cet effet, et conformément à la présente invention, il est proposé un mécanisme de tourbillon ou de carrousel tel que décrit en préambule, dans lequel au moins l'un desdits moyens de liaison est disposé, par rapport à l'axe AA, à une distance inférieure au rayon R du balancier.For this purpose, and in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a tourbillon or carousel mechanism as described in the preamble, wherein at least one of said connecting means is arranged, with respect to the axis AA, to a distance less than the radius R of the balance.
De ce fait, les dimensions de la cage sont réduites mais sans nuire à la précision du mouvement. En effet, la cage étant plus petite, elle nécessite moins d'énergie, et l'énergie disponible pour alimenter le balancier est alors augmentée, ce qui accroît sa précision.As a result, the dimensions of the cage are reduced but without affecting the precision of the movement. Indeed, the cage being smaller, it requires less energy, and the energy available to power the pendulum is then increased, which increases its accuracy.
D'une manière particulièrement avantageuse, tous les moyens de liaison reliant les ponts inférieur et supérieur peuvent être disposés par rapport à l'axe AA à une distance inférieure au rayon R du balancier.In a particularly advantageous manner, all the connecting means connecting the lower and upper bridges may be arranged relative to the axis AA at a distance less than the radius R of the beam.
De préférence, le balancier présente un axe de rotation coaxial à l'axe AA de la cage.Preferably, the balance has an axis of rotation coaxial with the axis AA of the cage.
De préférence, le pont supérieur peut comporter au moins un bras de liaison et le pont inférieur peut comporter au moins un premier bras, de liaison, lesdits bras de liaison étant agencés en regard l'un de l'autre pour recevoir lesdits moyens de liaison et présentant une longueur inférieure au rayon R du balancier. Avantageusement, le pont supérieur comporte un seul bras de liaison.Preferably, the upper bridge may comprise at least one connecting arm and the lower bridge may comprise at least one first arm, link, said connecting arms being arranged opposite one another to receive said connecting means and having a length less than the radius R of the beam. Advantageously, the upper bridge comprises a single link arm.
D'une manière avantageuse, la cage peut comprendre un pont intermédiaire intercalé entre le pont inférieur et le pont supérieur, ledit pont intermédiaire comportant au moins un premier bras, de liaison, agencé pour être traversé par au moins l'un des moyens de liaison reliant les ponts supérieur et inférieur, ledit premier bras du pont intermédiaire présentant une longueur inférieure au rayon R du balancier.Advantageously, the cage may comprise an intermediate bridge interposed between the lower bridge and the upper bridge, said intermediate bridge comprising at least a first connecting arm, arranged to be traversed by at least one of the connecting means. connecting the upper and lower bridges, said first arm of the intermediate bridge having a length less than the radius R of the beam.
De préférence, les ponts inférieur et intermédiaire peuvent comporter respectivement, en regard l'un de l'autre, un deuxième bras agencé pour recevoir des moyens de pivotement de la roue d'échappement, lesdits deuxièmes bras présentant une longueur inférieure au rayon R du balancier.Preferably, the lower and intermediate bridges may respectively comprise, facing one another, a second arm arranged to receive means for pivoting the escape wheel, said second arms having a length less than the radius R of the balance.
En outre, les ponts inférieur et intermédiaire peuvent comporter respectivement, en regard l'un de l'autre, un troisième bras agencé pour recevoir des moyens de pivotement de l'ancre, lesdits troisièmes bras présentant une longueur inférieure au rayon R du balancier.In addition, the lower and intermediate bridges may respectively comprise, facing one another, a third arm arranged to receive pivoting means of the anchor, said third arm having a length less than the radius R of the beam.
D'une manière avantageuse, les moyens de liaison des ponts inférieur et supérieur peuvent être des piliers.Advantageously, the connecting means of the lower and upper bridges can be pillars.
D'une manière avantageuse, le balancier peut comporter une serge annulaire de rayon R et un seul bras reliant l'axe du balancier à la serge.Advantageously, the balance may comprise an annular serge of radius R and a single arm connecting the axis of the balance to the serge.
De préférence, tous les ponts de la cage comportent des bras de longueur inférieure au rayon R du balancier de sorte que la cage s'inscrit à l'intérieur de la serge du balancier.Preferably, all the bridges of the cage comprise arms of shorter length than the radius R of the balance so that the cage fits inside the strut of the balance.
D'autres caractéristiques de la présente invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, faite en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels:
- la
figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'une cage de tourbillon utilisée dans le mécanisme de tourbillon selon l'invention, - les
figures 2 et 3 sont respectivement une vue de dessus et en perspective d'un mécanisme de tourbillon selon l'invention, et - la
figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne II-II de lafigure 2 .
- the
figure 1 is a perspective view of a tourbillon cage used in the tourbillon mechanism according to the invention, - the
Figures 2 and 3 are respectively a top view and perspective view of a tourbillon mechanism according to the invention, and - the
figure 4 is a sectional view along line II-II of thefigure 2 .
Comme expliqué ci-dessus, un tourbillon est un système réglant tournant, dans lequel un balancier 1, associé à un ressort-spiral 2, et un mécanisme d'échappement comportant une roue d'échappement 3, sont montés dans une cage 4 pivotée sur un élément fixe d'un mouvement de montre. Dans l'exemple illustré, l'échappement comprend également une ancre 5, coopérant avec le balancier 1 et avec la roue d'échappement 3 par des palettes 6.As explained above, a vortex is a rotating regulating system, in which a rocker 1, associated with a
Selon une certaine terminologie généralement utilisée dans le domaine de l'horlogerie, dans un tourbillon, l'axe de pivotement AA de la cage 4 et celui du balancier 1 sont confondus. On distingue les carrousels, dans lesquels le balancier et la cage ne sont pas coaxiaux. Dans la présente demande, le terme tourbillon englobe ces deux possibilités de disposition des axes de la cage 4 et du balancier 1. Ainsi, bien que la description qui va suivre soit faite en référence à un dispositif dans lequel l'axe AA de la cage 4 et celui du balancier 1 sont confondus, l'invention peut être directement transposée à un carrousel au sens usuel du terme, l'axe de rotation du carrousel traversant le balancier.According to a certain terminology generally used in the field of horology, in a vortex, the pivot axis AA of the
Le balancier 1 comprend une serge 7 annulaire, de rayon intérieur R par rapport à l'axe 8 du balancier 1. Dans le cas où la serge du balancier n'est pas annulaire, le rayon R est défini comme étant la plus proche distance entre la face interne de la serge et l'axe de pivotement AA de la cage 4. Dans la suite dans la description, l'expression "le rayon R du balancier" correspond à ces deux définitions. Le balancier 1 comprend un seul bras 9 reliant l'axe 8 du balancier 7 à la serge 7. Cela permet d'optimiser l'inertie en réduisant l'influence du bras.The rocker 1 comprises an
La cage 4 comprend un pont supérieur 10 et un pont inférieur 12. Un pont intermédiaire 14 est interposé entre le pont supérieur 10 et le pont inférieur 12. De préférence, ces ponts présentent une même épaisseur. Ce mode de réalisation est particulièrement efficace pour obtenir un ensemble rigide et précis.The
Conformément à l'invention, le pont supérieur 10 comporte un seul bras de liaison 15, et les ponts inférieur 12 et intermédiaire 14 comportent également des bras de liaison 16 et 17 respectivement, lesdits bras de liaison 15, 16 et 17 étant disposés en regard les uns des autres, et reliés par deux piliers 18, 19 disposés, par rapport à l'axe AA, à une distance inférieure au rayon R du balancier 1. Plus précisément, le pilier 18 solidarise les bras de liaison 15 et 16 des ponts supérieur 10 et inférieur 12, et le pilier 19 traverse le bras de liaison 17 du pont intermédiaire 14 afin de solidariser les trois bras de liaison 15, 16 et 17. De plus, les ponts inférieur 12 et intermédiaire 14 sont solidarisés par des piliers 21. Les piliers 18, 19 et 21 sont fixés aux ponts au moyen de vis 20.According to the invention, the
Les ponts inférieur 12 et intermédiaire 14 comportent respectivement, en regard l'un de l'autre, un deuxième bras 24 et 25 respectivement, agencé pour recevoir des moyens de pivotement 26 de la roue d'échappement 3 lesdits deuxièmes bras 24 et 25 présentant une longueur inférieure au rayon R du balancier 1. Ces moyens de pivotement 26 peuvent être des pierres ou d'autres types de paliers logés dans les bras 24 et 25 des ponts 12 et 14, et avec lesquels coopèrent des pivots dont est munie la roue d'échappement 3.The lower bridges 12 and intermediate 14 respectively comprise, facing one another, a
De plus, les ponts inférieur 12 et intermédiaire 14 comportent respectivement, en regard l'un de l'autre, un troisième bras 28 et 29 respectivement, agencé pour recevoir des moyens de pivotement 30 de l'ancre 5, lesdits troisièmes bras 28 et 29 présentant une longueur inférieure au rayon R du balancier 1. Ces moyens de pivotement 30 peuvent être des pierres ou d'autres types de paliers logés dans les bras 28 et 29 des ponts 12 et 14, et avec lesquels coopèrent des pivots dont est munie l'ancre 5.In addition, the
Dans la variante représentée, tous les bras de liaison 15, 16 et 17 présentent une longueur inférieure au rayon R du balancier 1, mais également les autres bras 24, 25 ,28 et 29 des ponts inférieur 12 et intermédiaire 14, de sorte que la cage 4 et l'échappement sont inscrits à l'intérieur de la serge 7 du balancier 1.In the variant shown, all the connecting
Les ponts inférieur 12 et supérieur 10 comportent chacun des pivots 32 de la cage dirigés vers l'extérieur de la cage. Ces pivots 32 sont conventionnels et sont destinés à coopérer avec des pierres logées dans un bâti que comporte un mouvement dans lequel le tourbillon prend place. Ils sont disposés selon l'axe AA.The lower bridges 12 and upper 10 each comprise pivots 32 of the cage directed towards the outside of the cage. These
De manière conventionnelle, le balancier 1 porte un double-plateau 34 muni d'une cheville 35 pour son fonctionnement dans l'échappement. Il est monté entre les ponts supérieur 10 et inférieur 12, sur un axe 8 traversant le pont intermédiaire 14. Ce dernier comporte une ouverture adaptée pour laisser passer librement l'axe 8 du balancier 1. Le balancier spiral est monté d'un premier côté du pont intermédiaire 14, par exemple entre le pont supérieur 10 et le pont intermédiaire 14, tandis que le double-plateau 34 est monté de l'autre côté du pont intermédiaire 14, par exemple entre le pont inférieur 12 et le pont intermédiaire 14. Le spiral 2 est fixé à l'axe 8 du balancier 1 par l'intermédiaire d'une virole 36 et au pont supérieur 10 par l'intermédiaire d'un piton 37 et d'un porte-piton mobile 38. Pour ajuster sa fréquence, le balancier peut comporter des masselottes ou le pont supérieur peut porter une raquette.Conventionally, the rocker 1 carries a double-
De manière conventionnelle, un dispositif antichoc 40 est disposé à chaque extrémité de l'axe 8 du balancier spiral. Les dispositifs antichocs 40 sont disposés dans les ponts inférieur 12 et supérieur 10.Conventionally, an
Toujours de manière conventionnelle, un pignon d'échappement (non représenté), coaxial à la roue d'échappement 3, est destiné à coopérer avec une roue fixe (non représentée) solidaire du bâti du mouvement.Still conventionally, an exhaust gear (not shown), coaxial with the
La cage 4 est solidaire d'un pignon d'entraînement 42 destiné à être relié cinématiquement au rouage de finissage du mouvement.The
Les dimensions et rapports d'engrenage de l'échappement, de la roue fixe avec laquelle engrène le pignon d'échappement, et du pignon d'entraînement 42 sont déterminés de manière à ce que la cage effectue un tour en une minute et pivote ainsi comme une roue de seconde. Une aiguille de seconde 43 peut être chassée sur le pont supérieur 10 de la cage 4 pour indiquer les secondes. Il est bien évident que la cage peut tourner à une vitesse différente, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.The gear dimensions and ratios of the escapement, the fixed wheel with which the exhaust pinion meshes, and the
Ainsi, la construction du tourbillon décrite ci-dessus permet d'obtenir une structure extrêmement légère et aérée. Le balancier peut osciller sur un arc de 340° maximum mais son bras ne doit pas toucher les piliers ou autre élément de liaison pour ne pas perturber l'isosynchronisme. On peut prévoir dans le mouvement, en sortie de barillet ou avant le tourbillon, un système de régulation de force à couple constant permettant de mieux réguler l'amplitude du balancier à une valeur limitée à 340° quasi constante. La perte de précision due à l'amplitude du mouvement du balancier limitée par la présence de la cage à l'intérieur du balancier, est compensée par la faible énergie nécessaire à entrainer la cage, l'énergie disponible pour entrainer le balancier étant alors plus importante. De ce fait, l'inertie ou la vitesse du balancier peut être augmentée de manière à regagner en précision.Thus, the construction of the tourbillon described above provides an extremely light and airy structure. The pendulum can oscillate on an arc of 340 ° maximum but its arm must not touch the pillars or other connecting element to not disturb the isosynchrony. It is possible to provide in the movement, at the outlet of the barrel or before the vortex, a constant torque force control system making it possible to better regulate the amplitude of the balance at a value limited to approximately 340 ° constant. The loss of precision due to the amplitude of the movement of the pendulum limited by the presence of the cage inside the balance, is compensated by the low energy required to drive the cage, the energy available to drive the pendulum then being more important. As a result, the inertia or the speed of the balance can be increased so as to regain precision.
En effet, l'homme du métier sait calculer de manière à obtenir les équations suivantes:
- Energie disponible Ed=vb*Mb*ηr*ηe/F
- Energie perdue par le tourbillon ET=2*IT*π2*F2*Φ0 2*Λ2
- Amplitude du balancier Φ0 sans tourbillon telle que:
Φ0 2=vb*Mb*ηr*ηe*Q/4/π3/I/F3
- Amplitude du balancier Φ0 avec tourbillon telle que:
Φ0 2=vb*Mb*ηr*ηe*Q/F3/2/π2/(2*π*I+IT*Q*Λ2)
Mb est le moment du barillet
ηr est le rendement du rouage
ηe est le rendement de l'échappement
Q est le facteur de qualité du balancier
F est la fréquence
I est l'inertie du balancier
IT est l'inertie du tourbillon
Λ est le coefficient géométrique de transfert.Indeed, the skilled person knows how to calculate so as to obtain the following equations:
- Energy available E d = v b * M b * η r * η e / F
- Energy lost by the vortex E T = 2 * I T * π 2 * F 2 * Φ 0 2 * Λ 2
- Amplitude of pendulum Φ 0 without whirlwind such that:
Φ 0 2 = v b * M b * η r * η e * Q / 4 / π 3 / I / F 3
- Amplitude of pendulum Φ 0 with vortex such as:
Φ 0 2 = v b * H b * r * η * Q ηe / F 3/2/2 π / (2 * π * I + I T * Q * Λ 2)
Mb is the moment of the barrel
η r is the efficiency of the gear train
η e is the output of the exhaust
Q is the quality factor of the pendulum
F is the frequency
I is the inertia of the pendulum
I T is the inertia of the vortex
Λ is the geometric transfer coefficient.
En augmentant I, l'inertie du balancier, on augmente le facteur de qualité. En minimisant IT, l'inertie du tourbillon, on diminue les pertes. Par rapport à un tourbillon occupant le même volume, on aura d'avantage d'énergie dans le balancier, et ce pour une même énergie disponible.By increasing I, the inertia of the balance, we increase the quality factor. By minimizing I T , the inertia of the vortex decreases the losses. Compared to a vortex occupying the same volume, we will have more energy in the balance, and for the same energy available.
On peut donc avoir plus d'énergie réglante avec une amplitude réduite de moitié mais une fréquence plus élevée. En effet la formule montre que Φ0 2 * F3 = K , K étant un coefficient de proportionnalité. Donc pour une même puissance réglante, en augmentant la fréquence, on peut diminuer l'amplitude selon la règle Φ0 2 * F3 = K.We can therefore have more regulating energy with an amplitude reduced by half but a higher frequency. Indeed the formula shows that Φ 0 2 * F 3 = K, K being a coefficient of proportionality. So for the same regulating power, by increasing the frequency, one can decrease the amplitude according to the rule Φ 0 2 * F 3 = K.
Des exemples ont été réalisés avec deux tourbillons classiques (l'exemple 1 concerne un petit tourbillon, et l'exemple 2 concerne un gros tourbillon), et un tourbillon selon l'invention (exemple 3).Examples have been made with two conventional vortices (Example 1 relates to a small vortex, and Example 2 relates to a large vortex), and a vortex according to the invention (Example 3).
Les caractéristiques des différents tourbillons et les résultats obtenus sont indiqués dans le tableau ci-dessous:
- A une fréquence de 3 Hz, on a Λ = 0.023 et Q = 200
- At a frequency of 3 Hz, we have Λ = 0.023 and Q = 200
Ceci montre que la cage de tourbillon selon l'invention est particulièrement performante.This shows that the tourbillon cage according to the invention is particularly powerful.
Par ailleurs, la présente invention permet de faciliter l'équilibrage. En effet, le balancier étant plus gros que la cage de tourbillon, c'est l'équilibrage du balancier qui est le plus influent. Or l'équilibrage d'un balancier est mieux maitrisé que celui d'une cage.Furthermore, the present invention facilitates balancing. Indeed, the pendulum being larger than the tourbillon cage, it is the balance of the pendulum which is the most influential. But balancing a pendulum is better controlled than that of a cage.
De plus, la cage se situant à l'intérieur du balancier et étant plus petite, son centre de gravité se rapproche de l'axe théorique. Son équilibrage est donc meilleur et plus simple à réaliser.In addition, the cage is located inside the balance and being smaller, its center of gravity is close to the theoretical axis. Balancing is better and easier to achieve.
La description ci-dessus a été donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif de l'invention. L'homme du métier pourra apporter d'éventuelles variantes, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Notamment, les moyens de liaison peuvent être différents des piliers utilisés dans la variante présentée. On peut prévoir par exemple que les bras de liaison des ponts soient d'une seule pièce, la matière reliant les bras de liaison constituant les moyens de liaison. On peut également avoir une seule pièce pliée.The above description has been given by way of non-limiting example of the invention. The skilled person may provide any variants, without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the connecting means may be different from the pillars used in the variant presented. For example, the connecting arms of the bridges can be provided in one piece, the material connecting the connecting arms constituting the connecting means. You can also have one piece folded.
Claims (10)
- A tourbillon or karussel mechanism comprising:- a frame (4) having an upper bridge (10) and a lower bridge (12), said upper (10) and lower (12) bridges comprising means (32) for pivoting the cage along an axis AA, and being connected by connecting means (18, 19),- a balance (1) with radius R,- an escapement mechanism comprising an escapement wheel (3) and possibly a pallet (5),
characterized in that at least one of said connecting means (18, 19) is arranged at a distance smaller than the radius R of the balance (1) relative to the axis AA. - The mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that all of the connecting means (18, 19) connecting the upper (10) and lower (12) bridges are arranged at a distance smaller than the radius R of the balance (1) relative to the axis AA.
- The mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said balance has an axis of rotation coaxial to the axis AA of the frame (4).
- The mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper bridge (10) has at least one connecting arm (15) and in that the lower bridge (12) has at least one first connecting arm (16), said connecting arms (15, 16) being arranged across from one another to receive said connecting means (18, 19) and having a length smaller than the radius R of the balance (1).
- The mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame (4) comprises an intermediate bridge (14) inserted between the lower bridge (12) and the upper bridge (10), said intermediate bridge (14) having at least one connecting arm (17) arranged to be passed through by at least one of the connecting means (19) connecting the upper (10) and lower (12) bridges, said first arm (17) of the intermediate bridge (14) having a length smaller than the radius R of the balance (1).
- The mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that the lower (12) and intermediate (14) bridges respectively have, across from one another, a second arm (24, 25) arranged to receive means for pivoting the escapement wheel (3), said second arms (24, 25) having a length smaller than the radius R of the balance (1).
- The mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that the lower (12) and intermediate (14) bridges respectively have, across from one another, a third arm (28, 29) arranged to receive means for pivoting the pallet (5), said third arms (28, 29) having a length smaller than the radius R of the balance (1).
- The mechanism according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the upper bridge (10) has a single connecting arm (15).
- The mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting means (18, 19) of the lower (12) and upper (10) bridges are pillars.
- The mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the balance (1) has an annular felloe (7) with radius R and a single arm (9) connecting the staff (8) of the balance to the felloe (7).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP20080169552 EP2189855B1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2008-11-20 | Tourbillon mechanism |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP20080169552 EP2189855B1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2008-11-20 | Tourbillon mechanism |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2189855A1 EP2189855A1 (en) | 2010-05-26 |
EP2189855B1 true EP2189855B1 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20080169552 Not-in-force EP2189855B1 (en) | 2008-11-20 | 2008-11-20 | Tourbillon mechanism |
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Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CH708960B1 (en) | 2013-12-02 | 2017-10-31 | Noriah Sa | Tourbillon mechanism and timepiece including such mechanism. |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP1522003B1 (en) * | 2002-07-09 | 2009-04-08 | Watch-U Licence AG | Tourbillon |
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